專題03閱讀理解-5年（2018-2022）中考1年模擬英語真題分項匯編

5年（20182022）中考1年模擬英語真題分項匯編（北京專用）專題03閱讀理解（2022年北京市中考英語真題）AWHOISYOURROLEMODEL?WHY?MyrolemodelismyneighborMs.Li.Sheisinhereightiesnowbutsheisstillyoungatheart.Ioftenseeherridingherbikeintheparkandshealsospendstimedoingvolunteerwork.Shehelpsmeunderstandthatpeoplewon’tbeoldiftheystillhaveagreatloveforlife.AdamImissMrs.Whitemostafterprimaryschool.Shewasourmathteacherandalwayspatientwithus.Shehelpedustoworkouttheanswersourselves,nomatterhowdifficultthequestionswere.SoMrs.Whiteismyrolemodel,andIwanttobeateacherlikeherinthefuture.BettyNormanBethunewasaCanadiandoctor.In1938,Dr.BethunecametoChinaandhelpedtreatthewounded.Heoftenworkedveryhardwithoutresting.Once,hemanagedtosaveoveronehundredlivesinsixtyninehours.HeisstillrememberedinbothChinaandCanadatoday.Soheismyrolemodel.PeterYuanLongpingismyrolemodel.Heisoneofthegreatestagricultural(農(nóng)業(yè)的)scientistsofourtime.Heworkedhardtogrowbetterricetosolvetheproblemsoffoodshortage.ItissadthatMr.Yuanhasleftus,buthisdreamsarecarriedbymanyplantandagriculturalresearches.Emma21．WhoisEmma’srolemodel?A．Ms.Li. B．Mrs.White.C．NormanBethune. D．YuanLongping.22．WhatdoesBettywanttobeinthefuture?A．Ateacher. B．Ascientist. C．Adoctor. D．Avolunteer.23．WhatdoweknowaboutMs.Li?A．Sheworkedinahospital.B．Shesolvedthefoodproblems.C．Sheisoldinagebutyoungatheart.D．Sheisverypatientwithherstudents.【答案】21．D22．A23．C【解析】本文是一篇記敘文，分別是四位介紹自己的榜樣是誰，以及原因。21．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四欄中“YuanLongpingismyrolemodel.”可知，袁隆平是艾瑪?shù)陌駱?，故選D。22．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二欄中“andIwanttobeateacherlikeherinthefuture”可知，貝蒂以后想成為一名老師，故選A。23．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一欄中“MyrolemodelismyneighborMs.Li.Sheisinhereightiesnowbutsheisstillyoungatheart.”可知，李奶奶已經(jīng)八十多歲了，但內(nèi)心仍很年輕。故選C。（2022年北京市中考英語真題）BIjoinedaband（樂隊）asadrummerinmymiddleschool.Ithoughtitwouldbefunplayingthedrumandmeetingnewfriends.Atfirstitwaseasy,butamonthlater,itgotdifficult.Iwastheonlyonewhocouldn’tkeeppace（節(jié)奏）withtheotherplayers.Ourteacher,Angie,singledmeouttokeeppracticingwhileeveryoneelsegottorelax.Ifeltashamed（羞愧的）asmyteammateswatchedmefailsomanytimes.FinallyIgotsotiredofpracticingthatIdidn’tcareaboutdoingitright.“Areyougivinguponme.Steve?”Angieasked.“Yes,Iam,”Ishouted.AngiesentmeinsidethemusicroomwhereIcriedout.Thenshecameinandsaid.“Don’tbesad.Ibelieveyoucanmakeit!”Shetoldmenevertogiveup.SheleftmealoneandIrealizedAngiewasright—bygivingup,Iwasalsogivingupontheteamandmyself.Withherfort,Idecidedtogoonpracticing.However,Istillcouldn’tplaywell.Knowingmydifficulties,myteammatesgavemeahand.Theyspentaboutthreemorehourspracticingwithmeeveryweek.Thankstotheirsupportandhelp,Ibegantokeeppacewiththem.Later,weperformedwonderfullyinanimportantshow.Inthewholeprocess,Iwastaughtthatalthoughweeachhadourownjobtodoinashow,itwouldtakeallofusworkingtogethertomaketheshowgreat.Ifeltacceptedandmadegreatprogress.Iloveeveryoneintheband.Ican’timaginewhatmyschoollifewouldbelikewithoutthem.24．Onemonthafterhejoinedtheband,Stevefeltplayingthedrumwas_________.A．funny B．helpful C．noisy D．difficult25．WithAngie’sfort,Stevedecidedto_________.A．haveagoodrest B．goonpracticingC．giveothersahand D．startanotherband26．Fromhisexperience,Stevelearnedabout________.A．thevalueofteamwork B．theeffectofshowsC．theimportanceofhobbies D．thepowerofmusic【答案】24．D25．B26．A【解析】本文是一篇記敘文，主要講作者在學(xué)習(xí)敲鼓的過程中遇到困難，差點放棄，在老師和團(tuán)隊成員的鼓勵下他堅持下來了。24．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“butamonthlater,itgotdifficult.”可知一個月后Steve覺得敲鼓是困難的。故選D。25．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Withherfort,Idecidedtogoonpracticing.”可知在老師的鼓勵下，他決定繼續(xù)練習(xí)。故選B。26．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Iwastaughtthatalthoughweeachhadourownjobtodoinashow,itwouldtakeallofusworkingtogethertomaketheshowgreat.”可知Steve學(xué)會了團(tuán)隊合作的價值。故選A。（2022年北京市中考英語真題）CWhatdoesitmeantobegreen?Greenismorethanjustacolor.Italsomeanstakingspecialstepstoprotecttheenvironment.Buyingagreenproductisasmallstepeveryonecantake.Decidingwhetheraproductisgreen,however,isn’talwayseasy.Weneedtoconsiderthewholelifecycleoftheproductevenafterit’sofnouse.Hereiswhatwemaykeepinmind.Thematerialsofaproductareusuallyourfirstfocus(關(guān)注).Whatisitmadeof?Arethereanyharmfulchemicalsinit?Greenproductsaremadeofmorenaturalmaterialswhicharefreefromharmfulchemicals,sotheycanbegoodforourphysicalhealth.Packagingisimportant.Howisaproductpackaged?Isitoverpackaged?We’dbetterchooseglass,metalandpaperpackaging,asthesecanbereusedormoreeasilyrecycled(回收利用).Wecanalsolookforlesspackagingorevenchooseunbaggedproductswheneverpossible.Location(地點)matters.Wherewasaproductproduced?Wherearewebuyingit?Thinkabouthowmuchenergywasusedtogetittoustrytochooselocalproducts.Whenitestofood,itisagoodideatoorderdirectlyfromlocalfarmer,shopatmarketsandbuyfruitsinseason.Buyingfromstoresnearourhousesisalsoagoodchoice,becausewecangotherewithoutdrivingacar.Lookintowhatthepanytellsusabouttheirproduct.It’seasytosaythataproductis“green”or“allnatural”butthewordsmaybetoogoodtobetrue.So,muchoftheinformationaboutaproductshouldbetakenwithagrainofsalt.Afterall,paniestrytomakeusbelievethattheirproductsareenvironmentallyresponsible.Thegreenestthingiscertainlytheonewedon’tbuy.Thingslikefoodandclothingarenecessaryforlife.Butmanyothersarenot.Betterthanbuyingischoosingtoleaveanunnecessaryproductinthestoreanddoingwithout.Itsendsamessagetotheproducer,keepsmoneyinourpockets,reduces(減少)wasteandkeepstheplanethealthy.27．Thewriterwouldsuggestchoosingaproductthatis________.A．overpackaged B．deliveredfromabroadC．locallyproduced D．madeofunnaturalmaterials28．Thewords“betakenwithagrainofinsalt”Paragraph5probablymean“________”.A．beeasilyunderstood B．notbepletelybelievedC．bewidelyspread D．notbequicklyforgotten29．Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．BuyingGreen B．RecyclingWasteC．KeepingHealthy D．ReducingEnergyUse【答案】27．C28．B29．A【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章通過解釋“Green”這個詞，呼吁大家保護(hù)環(huán)境。27．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Thinkabouthowmuchenergywasusedtogetittoustrytochooselocalproducts.Whenitestofood,itisagoodideatoorderdirectlyfromlocalfarmer,...”可知，作者建議選擇當(dāng)?shù)厣a(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品，故選C。28．詞句猜測題。分析“So,muchoftheinformationaboutaproductshouldbetakenwithagrainofsalt.Afterall,paniestrytomakeusbelievethattheirproductsareenvironmentallyresponsible.”可知，公司試圖讓我們相信他們的產(chǎn)品對環(huán)境負(fù)責(zé)，但是我們應(yīng)該秉持一個懷疑的態(tài)度，此處“betakenwithagrainofsalt”的意思是“不被完全相信”，故選B。29．最佳標(biāo)題題，本文作者通過解釋“Green”這個詞，呼吁大家保護(hù)環(huán)境。選項A“BuyingGreen”符合主題，故選A。（2022年北京市中考英語真題）DAPathway(路徑)toMeaninginLifeWhenitestoameaningfullife,wemightthinkoflove,happinessandhealth.Alifefilledwithmeaningiswhatmostofuswantforourselves.Then,whatmakesameaningfullife?Manyresearchersagreethatameaningfullifeesdowntothreefactors(因素):havinglongtermgoals,believingthatone’slifematters,andfeelingthatone’slifefitstogetherand“makessense”.Butwebelievethereismoretoconsider.Sometimeslifeenablesustoexperiencesmallmomentsofbeauty.Whenpeopleareopentoappreciating(欣賞)suchexperiences,thesemomentsmayimprovehowtheyseetheirownlife.Wecallthisexperientialappreciation(EA).EAisaboutthepersonfeelingconnectedtoeventsandbeingabletoappreciatethevaluewithintheconnection.Itshowsthediscoveryofandadmirationforlife’sbeauty.WerecentlysetouttobetterunderstandEAinstudies.WewereinterestedinwhetherEAwasalsotiedtogeneraljudgmentofmeaninginlife.Ifso,itcouldbeafactorformeaningfulness.Inthefirststudy,wehadpeoplerate(評估)theirsupportfordifferentmethodsofreducingstress.Wefoundthatpeoplewhomanagedstressbyfocusingontheirappreciationforlife’sbeautyalsoreportedexperiencinglifeashighlymeaningful.Inthenextstudy,weaskedpeopletoratethedegreetowhichtheyagreedwithvariousstatements,suchas“Iappreciatethebeautyoflife”and“Iappreciatelittlethingsinlife,”aswellasotherstatementsthatrelatedtothethreefactorsandageneralsenseofmeaninginlife.Ourresultsshowedthatthemorepeoplereportedthattheywere“appreciatinglife”anditsmanyexperiences,themoretheyfelttheirlifewasvaluable.Inthefollowingstudies,wefurtherlookedattheconnectionbetweenEAandmeaningfulness.Forexample,wefoundthatpeoplewhowereaskedtolookbackonthemostmeaningfuleventofthepastweekgenerallyreportedhighEAinthosemoments.Alltheresultsprovedourtheory(假設(shè))true.Butputtingitintopracticecanbedifficult.Ourfastpacedlifestylesfillthedaywithgoals.Wetrytogetthehighestoutputbothatworkandinsparetime.Thisfocusonfutureoutesmakesitalltooeasytomisswhatishappeningrightnow.Weshouldslowdownandletlifesurpriseus.30．YouweremostprobablyintheEAconditionwhen_________.A．youmadeatravelplanfortheingholidayB．youhurriedtoservethecustomersinthestoreC．youpracticedhardtobeethebestviolinistD．youstoppedtoadmiretherosesbytheroadside31．Whatcanwelearnfromthestudiesmentionedinthepassage?A．Thinkingbacktothepastweakensoursenseofmeaning.B．Enjoyingsmallthingscaninfluenceourattitudetowardlife.C．Properstressmanagementisthekeytolivingasatisfyinglife.D．Goodjudgmentonbeautyimprovesconnectionsamongpeople.32．Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytellus?A．Itiseasierforresultsdrivenpeopletoachievesuccess.B．Weoftenturnablindeyetothepresentmoment.C．Afastpacedlifestylehelpsusreachourgoals.D．Futurelifewillbringusmanymoresurprises.33．Whatisthewriter’smainpurposeinwritingthispassage?A．Toexplainhowtodiscoverbeautyinlife.B．Todiscusswhatthetruemeaningoflifeis.C．Tointroduceanewfactorforameaningfullife.D．Toparedifferentfactorsformeaningfulness.【答案】30．D31．B32．D33．B【解析】本文是一篇議論文，討論是什么讓生活變得有意義。30．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Whenpeopleareopentoappreciating(欣賞)suchexperiences,thesemomentsmayimprovehowtheyseetheirownlife.Wecallthisexperientialappreciation(EA).”可知，當(dāng)人們樂于欣賞這樣的經(jīng)歷時，這些時刻可能會改善他們對自己生活的看法，我們稱之為體驗欣賞。選項D“你停下來欣賞路邊的玫瑰”符合，故選D。31．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Sometimeslifeenablesustoexperiencesmallmomentsofbeauty.Whenpeopleareopentoappreciating(欣賞)suchexperiences,thesemomentsmayimprovehowtheyseetheirownlife.”可知，生活讓我們體驗到美麗的小瞬間，當(dāng)人們樂于欣賞這樣的經(jīng)歷時，這些時刻可能會改善他們對自己生活的看法。故選B。32．段落大意題。根據(jù)“Weshouldslowdownandletlifesurpriseus.”可知，我們應(yīng)該慢下來，讓生活給我們驚喜。所以最后一段告訴我們未來的生活將給我們帶來更多的驚喜，故選D。33．主旨大意題。本文主要討論是什么讓生活變得有意義，故選B。2021年北京中考真題三、閱讀單選AYoungHeroesforthePlanetNowadays,peoplearoundtheworldareworkingtohelpourplanet.Checkouthowthefouryoungadultsmadeadifference.SavingPandasWhenJackwas11,hestartedagrouptoteachkidsaboutpandas.Healsosoldtoypandastoraisemoneytoprotectpandasindanger.“Ihopetoencouragemorepeopletocareaboutpandas,”Jacksays.GrowingRightKathy,14,setupanorganizationtoeducatepeopleaboutgrowingrightplantinrightplaces.Shealsowroteabooktohelppeoplelearnwhatplantsarenativeto(本土的)theirarea.CreatingEnergyAttheageof12,LindainventedamachinecalledSuperE.Itcollectsheatfromfieldstomakeelectricity(電),Lindasaysherinventioncreateselectricityinawaythatislessharmfultotheenvironment.CleaningUpPatrick,13,joinedtheOceanHeroesCamplastyear.Hestartedaprojectandpickedupplasticwastearoundnearbylakeswithhisfriends.Thegoaloftheprojectwastofightplasticpollution.21．Whostartedagrouptoteachkidsaboutpandas?A．Jack. B．Kathy. C．Linda. D．Patrick.22．HowoldwasLindawhensheinventedSuperE?A．11. B．12. C．13. D．14.23．WhatwasthegoalofPatrick’sproject?A．Tofightplasticpollution. B．ToprotectpandasindangerC．Tolearnaboutnativeplants. D．Touseheattomakeelectricity.【答案】21．A22．B23．A【分析】現(xiàn)在世界上的人們都在努力保護(hù)我們的星球，本文介紹了四位正在改變世界的人。21．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“WhenJackwas11,hestartedagrouptoteachkidsaboutpandas.”可知，Jack創(chuàng)辦了一個組織去教孩子們關(guān)于熊貓的知識。故選A。22．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Attheageof12,LindainventedamachinecalledSuperE.”可知，Linda發(fā)明SuperE的時候12歲。故選B。23．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Thegoaloftheprojectwastofightplasticpollution.”可知，Patrick項目目標(biāo)是對抗塑料垃圾。故選A。BWhenIwasintheeighthgrade,myclasswasassigned(指派)tobefriendswiththesecondgradekids.IgotthislittlegirlnamedShelley.ThefirsttimeIsawher,shewassilentandcold.Shewassmallforherage,andshedidn’tplaywiththeotherkidsinherclass.Itriedallkindsofthingstogethertotalktome.Iboughthertoys,crayonsandcandies.ButtryasImight,nothingworked.Onetime,Igaveheracoloringbookandsaid,“Shelley,nowyoucancoloratanytime.”Shelleylookedatthecoloringbookandthenlookedupatme,andfinallylookedaway.Bythat,Ididn’tknowhowIwasgoingtogetthroughtothelittlegirl,butIknewIwouldn’tgiveuponher.OneFriday,Idecidedtotellherastoryaboutmychildhood.ItoldherthatIfeltlonelywhenIwaswithmyclassmates,andhowIthoughtonlymyteacherslikedme.Ialsotoldherthateverydaywasabattle(戰(zhàn)役)formeandIfoughtbacktearssopeoplewouldn’tknowhowmuchIwashurting.Shesattherejustlistening,tryingtodecidewhetherIwaslyingornot.Finally,whenmystoryended,thereweretearsinhereyes.Andthenshedidtheunthinkable.Shesaid,“Thankyou.”Fromthenon,Shelleywasadifferentlittlegirl.Shestartedsmilingandtalkingwithotherkids.Lookingbackatthis,I’minawe(驚嘆),becauseallIdidwastohelpherrealizethatshewasn’talone.Ididn’taskhertotellherstory,becauseherstoryismystory.24．WhatwasShelleylikewhenthewriterfirstsawher?A．Cold. B．Lazy. C．Noisy. D．Slow.25．InordertogetthroughtoShelley,thewriter________.A．wroteherabook B．madeheratoy C．drewherapicture D．toldherastory26．Shelleychangedalotbecausesherealizedthat________.A．herteacherslovedher B．herclassmateswerekindC．thewriterunderstoodher D．shehadtostudyevenharder【答案】24．A25．D26．C【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，講述作者幫助一個不愛講話的女孩Shelley變得更加開朗的故事，作者驚嘆于Shelley的改變，因為作者認(rèn)為自己所做的就是讓Shelley知道自己并不孤單。24．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“ThefirsttimeIsawher,shewassilentandcold.”可知，作者第一次見到Shelley時，她沉默而冷漠。故選A。25．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Bythat,Ididn’tknowhowIwasgoingtogetthroughtothelittlegirl,butIknewIwouldn’tgiveuponher.”和“OneFriday,Idecidedtotellherastoryaboutmychildhood.”可知，為了接近Shelley，作者給她講了一個故事。故選D。26．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Finally,whenmystoryended,thereweretearsinhereyes.”，“Fromthenon,Shelleywasadifferentlittlegirl.Shestartedsmilingandtalkingwithotherkids.”和“Ididn’taskhertotellherstory,becauseherstoryismystory.”可知，Shelley改變了很多是因為她意識到作者理解她。故選C。CSchoolGardensCouldHelpChildrenTryMoreVegetablesIt’snotalwaysenjoyableforchildrentoeatvegetables.Butwhatifagardenisbuiltintheschool?Newresearchsuggeststhatagardeningprograminschoolscanincreasechildren’svegetableintake(攝入量).HowtheStudyWasCarriedOutThestudywascarriedoutineightschools.Eachschoolwasinthegardeningprogramforoneschoolyear.Everychildingrades35receivedatotalofeighteen60minutelessonsacrosstheschoolyear.Intheprogram,eachschoolbuiltagarden,wherechildrenlearnedtogrowtheirownfreshproduce,likefruitandvegetables.TheBenefitsChildrenCouldGetThestudyfoundthatvegetableintakeifthechildrenwhogrewtheirownproduceincreasedgreatlyacrosstheyear.Relatedstudiesshowthatincreasedvegetableintakecanimprovehealthandcuttheriskofchronicdiseases(慢性疾病).Notonlyaretherebenefitstohealth,increasingthevarietyofvegetableschildrenareexposed(接觸)tomayalsomakemealtimesmucheasier.”Childrenwhoareoftenexposedtoavarietyofvegetablesaremorelikelytotrynewfoods,”explainsDr.KerryJones.Forchildren,growingtheirownfoodisapowerfultooltoincreasetheirintakeofthefood.28Anyopportunitytoexposechildrentomorevegetablesismeaningful.“Ifchildrenarelearningaboutvegetablesatschool,it’simportanttoencouragethisinterest,”saysJones.Parentscanlistentotheirchildrenaboutwhattheyhavelearnedandreadthehandoutstheybringhomefromschool.Parentsandchildrencanalsoreadbookstogether.Youngerchildrencanenjoyreadingstoriesaboutvegetableswithparentswhoofferusefulmessages.Olderchildrenmayenjoysearchingthroughcookbookswithparentstofindnewdinnerideastocookvegetablesinatastyway.Besides,asmallplanterboxinasunnypartathomecanencouragechildrentounderstandmoreaboutwheretheirfoodesfrom.Teachingchildrentogrowtheirownproduceisagreatwaytoincreasetheirpreferencefortheproduce.Ifchildrenaretaughttoenjoyvegetablesearlyinlife,theywillprobablycontinueeatingvegetablesinthelongterm.27．Whatdidchildrendointhegardeningprogram?A．Theydidresearchonnewplants. B．Theygrewfreshproduceatschool.C．Theytookhomegreenvegetables D．Theybuiltgardensfortheirclasses.28．WhichofthefollowingwouldbethebestheadingforParagaph4?A．IdeastoEncourageChildrentoCookatHomeB．WaystoExposeChildrentoVegetablesatHomeC．ReasonsWhyParentsShouldUnderstandChildrenD．SuggestionsWhichChildrenCouldGetfromParents29．Whatcanwelearnfromtheprogram?A．Parents’supportmightimprovechildren’sreading.B．Schoolprogramscoulddevelopstudents’creativity.C．Doingstudiescanpreparestudentsforfuturelearning.D．Handsonexperiencemayinfluencechildren’spreference.【答案】27．B28．B29．D【分析】本文介紹了在學(xué)校花園里讓學(xué)生自己種植蔬菜的好處。27．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Intheprogram,eachschoolbuiltagarden,wherechildrenlearnedtogrowtheirownfreshproduce,likefruitandvegetables”可知，在該項目中，每一所學(xué)校都建了一個花園，孩子們在那里學(xué)會種植自己的新鮮農(nóng)產(chǎn)品，故選B。28．句意猜測題。根據(jù)“Anyopportunitytoexposechildrentomorevegetablesismeaningful”及整段的內(nèi)容可知，本段主要介紹了從不同方面鼓勵孩子們多吃蔬菜的方法，故選B。29．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Teachingchildrentogrowtheirownproduceisagreatwaytoincreasetheirpreferencefortheproduce”可知，教孩子們自己種植農(nóng)產(chǎn)品是增加他們對農(nóng)產(chǎn)品偏好的一個很好的方法，所以實踐經(jīng)驗可能會影響孩子的偏好，故選D。DNatureandcultureareoftenseenasoppositeideas.Whatbelongstonaturecannotbetheresultofhumanactivitiesandontheotherhand,culturaldevelopmentisachievedagainstnature.However,thisisnottheonlyopinionontherelationshipbetweennatureandculture.Studiesinthedevelopmentofhumanssuggestthatculture,whethertakenasaneffortagainstnatureoranaturaleffort,ispartofthedevelopmentofthehumanspecies(物種).Severalmodernwriterssawtheprocessofeducationasastruggle(斗爭)againsthumannature.Wearebornwithwildnatures,suchaseatingandbehavinginadisorganizedwayoractingselfishly.Educationusescultureasawaytogetusoutofourwidestnatures;itisthankstoculturethatthehumanspeciescouldlearntoadapt(適應(yīng)),progressandraiseitselfaboveandbeyondotherspecies.Overthepastcenturyandahalf,however,studiesinthehistoryofhumandevelopmenthaveshownthattheformationofcultureispartofthebiologicaladaptation.Consider,forexample,hunting(打獵).Itseemstobeanadaptation,whichallowedhumanstomoveintonewanddifferentareas,openinguptheopportunitytochangelivinghabits.Atthesametime,thedevelopmentofweapons(武器)isrelatedtothatadaptationfromrocksandstonestoasetofhuntingtools,andfromhuntingtoolstorulesrelatingtotheproperuseofweapons.Huntingalsoseemstoberesponsibleforawholesetofbodilyabilities,suchasbalancingononefoot.Justthinkofhowthisverysimplethingiscloselyrelatedtodance,akeyexpressionofhumanculture.Itisthenclearthatbiologicaldevelopmentandculturaldevelopmentarecloselytied.Thetransmissionofcultureseemstobedirectlyrelatedtowhat’sinourblood.Justassnailscarrytheirshells,sodowebringalongourculture.However,cultureisalsopassedonamongpeopleofthesametimeoramongpeoplebelongingtodifferentpopulations.WecanlearnhowtomakejiaozievenifwewerebornfromRussianparentsinParisjustaswecanlearnhowtospeakEnglishevenifnoneofourfamilyorfriendsspeakthatlanguage.30．WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?A．Culturebelongstohumannature.B．Natureteacheshumanshowtoadapt.C．Humansaresupposedtobewellorganized.D．Educationpushesthehumanspeciestoprogress.31．WhydoesthewritertalkabouthuntinginParagraph3?A．Tosuggestsomepossiblewaysofchanginglivinghabits.B．Tostresstheimportanceoftoolsinhumans’struggleforlife.C．Toshowhowculturedevelopsashumansadapttotheenvironment.D．Toexplainwhythereisaneedtocallfortheproperuseofweapons.32．Theword“transmission”inParagraph4probablymeans“________”.A．system B．spread C．start D．spirit33．Whatisthewriter’sopiniononthenatureculturerelationship?A．Cultureandnatureareseparateyetbalanced.B．Culturedependsmuchonnaturetoprogress.C．Natureandculturearedifferentbutconnected.D．Naturefollowstheunwrittenrulessetbyculture.【答案】30．D31．C32．B33．C【分析】本文是一篇議論文，自然和文化常常被視為對立的觀點，但是人類發(fā)展的研究表明，文化，無論是作為一種反對自然的努力還是自然的努力，都是人類物種發(fā)展的一部分。生物的發(fā)展和文化的發(fā)展是緊密相連的，文化的傳播似乎與我們血液中的東西直接相關(guān)。30．段落大意題。根據(jù)“Severalmodernwriterssawtheprocessofeducationasastruggle(斗爭)againsthumannature.”和“Educationusescultureasawaytogetusoutofourwidestnatures”可知，人們把教育的過程看作是一場與人性的斗爭，教育把文化作為一種方式，讓我們擺脫最廣泛的天性。所以本段想說明教育推動人類進(jìn)步。故選D。31．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Consider,forexample,hunting(打獵).Itseemstobeanadaptation,whichallowedhumanstomoveintonewanddifferentareas,openinguptheopportunitytochangelivinghabits.”可知，打獵似乎是一種適應(yīng)，使人類能夠進(jìn)入新的和不同的地區(qū)，打開改變生活習(xí)慣的機(jī)會。文章提到打獵是為了展示文化是如何隨著人類適應(yīng)環(huán)境而發(fā)展的。故選C。32．詞義猜測題。分析“Thetransmissionofcultureseemstobedirectlyrelatedtowhat’sinourblood.Justassnailscarrytheirshells,sodowebringalongourculture.”可知，文化的傳播似乎與我們血液中的東西直接相關(guān)。就像蝸牛帶著它們的殼一樣，我們也帶著我們的文化。所以此處transmission的意思是“傳播”，故選B。33．觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)“Studiesinthedevelopmentofhumanssuggestthatculture,whethertakenasaneffortagainstnatureoranaturaleffort,ispartofthedevelopmentofthehumanspecies(物種).”可知，作者認(rèn)為文化，無論是作為一種反對自然的努力還是自然的努力，都是人類物種發(fā)展的一部分，作者認(rèn)為自然和文化之間是對立且密切聯(lián)系的。故選C。2020年北京中考真題AHelpingSeniors(老年人)MattPosted5/15/204：53PMIcreatedTeensHelpingSeniorswithmyfriends.Thegrouphasabout200volunteers.Thevolunteersdeliverfoodorothersuppliesfortheelderlyintown.Ispendsixtoeighthoursaweekbuyingfoodandmakingdeliveries.Bynowwehavepleted350deliveries.LindaPosted5/15/206：25PMIorganizedMittlerSeniorTechnology,aprogramtohelptheelderlylearnhowtouseputersandsmartphones.Nowthereare50localseniorsintheweeklytechnologyclasses.Iwanttomakesurethattheseniorscouldstayconnectedtotheworld.JordanPosted5/16/205:20PMIcameupwithawaytohelplonelyseniorswithmyfriends.WecallittheJoy4AllProject.Bydialing5694255,theelderlycanhearprerecordedjokesandpoems.Thehotlinehasreceivedmorethan1,800phonecalls.KathyPosted5/16/207:46PMIheardthattheseniorsinthenursinghomecouldn’tseetheirfamiliesandfriendsveryoften,somyfriendsandIdecidedtocheeruptheelderlybywritingthemletters.Wewantthemtoknowthatnobodyisbeingforgotten.Bynowmorethan100studentsinmyschoolhavejoinedus.21.WhocreatedTeensHelpingSeniors?A.Kathy. B.Linda. C.Jordan. D.Matt.22.Howmanylocalseniorsarethereintheweeklytechnologyclasses?A.50. B.100. C.200. D.350.23.Tohelptheelderlyinthenursinghome,Kathyandherschoolmates_________.A.taughtthemhowtouseputersB.recordedjokesandpoemforthemC.wrotethemletterstocheerthemupD.deliveredfoodorothersuppliesforthem【答案】21.D22.A23.C【解析】21.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Matt…….IcreatedTeensHelpingSeniorswithmyfriends.”可知，馬特創(chuàng)建了青少年幫助老年人的組織，故選D。22.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Nowthereare50localseniorsintheweeklytechnologyclasses.”可知，現(xiàn)在有50名當(dāng)?shù)氐睦夏耆藚⒓用恐艿目萍颊n程。故選A。23.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Iheardthattheseniorsinthenursinghomecouldn’tseetheirfamiliesandfriendsveryoften,somyfriendsandIdecidedtocheeruptheelderlybywritingthemletters.”可知，為了幫助療養(yǎng)院里的老人，凱西和她的同學(xué)們給他們寫信使他們高興起來。故選C。BADayattheNatureCenterEmmastared(凝視)sadlyoutofthewindowofthebus.Only50milesoutsidetownwasthefarm.Shethoughtaboutthefarmallthetime,especiallytheanimals.Whenherfamilysoldthefarmandmovedtonearbytown,Emmawasexcited.Butwhenshegottothenewschool,shefeltverylonely.Withasigh(嘆氣),Emmaturnedherattentionbacktothepresent.Thebuscametoastop.“WeletotheLeinweberNatureCenter,”herteachersaid.“Aguidewillgiveusapresentationaboutanimals,andthenyou’llhelptofeedthebabysquirrels,now,Iwanteveryonetofindapartner.”Emmadidn’thaveanyfriendsyet—whowouldbeherpartner?EmmagotclosetoJulia,atalkativeandoutgoinggirl.“CouldIbeyourpartner?”Emmaaskeduncertainly.“Sure,”saidJuliawarmly.Together,thegirlswalkedintothecenter.Afterthepresentation,akeepershowedthemhowtoholdthebottleofmilkforbabysquirrels.Thenthegirlsstartedtofeedtheirownbabysquirrels.Afterthebabiesfinishedeating,thekeeperasked,“Wouldyouliketohelpfeedtheadultsquirrels,too?”Emmawasquicktovolunteer,butwhenthekeeperopenedthefirstcage,thesquirrelinsidejumpedout.Emmaremainedcalm(鎮(zhèn)靜的),heldoutherhand,madequietsounds,andthenquicklygotit.“Wow!”Juliasaid.“You’realwayssoquiet,Ithoughtyouwereafraidofeverything,butyouwerebrave.”“Iknowthatwhenanimalsarefrightenedorexcited,youhavetostaycalm.”ThekeepernoddedinagreementandaskedEmma,“Wouldyoubeinterestedinvolunteeringtohelpoutwiththeanimalsatthecenter?”“Interested?Iwouldlovetoworkhere!Whatanopportunity!”Emmawasexcited.Thatafternoon,inthebusonthewaybacktoschool,EmmasatnexttoJulia,hernewfriend.Arushofnewfoundhappinesswashedoverher.24.HowdidEmmafeelwhenshegottothenewschool?A.Lonely. B.Lucky. C.Surprised. D.Angry.25.Atthenaturecenter,Emmaand