Unit4課時2SectionB（學(xué)生版）七年級英語下冊講義（人教版）

Unit4Don’teatinclass.SectionB知識精講知識精講Point1practicetheguitar練習(xí)彈吉他（1）practice此處用作及物動詞，意為＂練習(xí)，訓(xùn)練＂，其后可跟名詞、代詞或動名詞作賓語。IoftenpracticemyEnglishinthemorning.我常常在早上練習(xí)英語。Hepracticesplayingthepianoeveryday.他每天練習(xí)彈鋼琴。中考常考接動名詞作賓語的動詞(詞組)：完成練習(xí)值得忙(finish，practise/practice，beworth，bebusy)，中考?？冀觿用~作賓語的動詞(詞組)：完成練習(xí)值得忙(finish，practise/practice，beworth，bebusy)，繼續(xù)習(xí)慣要放棄(keepon，beusedto，giveup)，考慮建議不禁想(consider，suggest/advise，can’thelp，feellike)，喜歡思念要介意(enjoy，miss，mind)允許盼望要冒險(allow，lookforwardto，risk)避免推遲不容忍(avoid，putoff，can’tstand)【典例】Brucepractices____________basketballeverydaysothathecanbeabetterplayer.A.play B.toplay C.playing（2）practice還可用作不可數(shù)名詞，意為＂練習(xí)，實踐＂。Practicemakesperfect.熟能生巧。Point2dothedishes清洗餐具（1）dish此處用作可數(shù)名詞，意為＂碟，盤＂，作＂餐具＂講時，常用復(fù)數(shù)形式，其前常加the。dothedishes相當(dāng)于washthedishes，意為＂清洗餐具＂。Youmustdothedishesbeforeyougoout.你外出前必須清洗餐具。（2）dish與plate二者都是餐具名稱，都有＂盤，碟＂的意思，其區(qū)別在于：dish可泛指就餐時所用的餐具，包括盤、碟、碗、杯、刀、叉等，特指較深的盤子。plate指較平的盤子、碟子，可用來裝菜。【拓展】dish還可用作可數(shù)名詞，意為＂菜肴，一道菜＂。Helikescolddishes.他喜歡涼菜。Point3makebreakfast做早飯makebreakfastfor給……做早飯。Mymothergetsupatsixeverymorningtomakebreakfastforme.我媽媽每天早晨六點起床給我做早飯?！颈嫖觥縨ake與do兩者都有＂做＂的意思。make＂生產(chǎn)，制造＂，指用原材料制作成某種東西，或經(jīng)過努力而做成某物。一般強調(diào)做的東西時用make。do指進(jìn)行一項經(jīng)常性的或指定的活動，一般強調(diào)動作時用do。He’smakingacake.他正在做一個蛋糕。I’mdoingmyhomework.我正在做我的家庭作業(yè)?！就卣埂亢衜ake的短語：makeone’sbed整理某人的床鋪makeanoise發(fā)出噪音makefaces做鬼臉makedumplings包餃子makefriendswith和……交朋友makeup組成；化妝makeadifference起作用makerules制訂規(guī)則makemistakes犯錯誤makeprogress取得進(jìn)步makeupone’smind下定決心makefunof取笑makeroomfor為……讓出地方makesb.feelathome舒適自在，無拘無束【典例】Tonygetsupearlyinthemorning.Helikestomakebreakfast____________hisfamily.A.at B.on C.for D.fromPoint4leave/li?v/vt.留下，落下（1）leave意為＂留下，落下＂，常與表示地點的介詞短語連用，表示＂把某物忘在某地＂。其過去式為left。Ileftmypeninthebedroom.我把鋼筆落在臥室了?！颈嫖觥縡orget和leaveforget表示忘記某物，常表示＂遺忘，記不起＂，不與地點狀語連用Oh,dear!Iforgethisphonenumber.糟糕！我忘記了他的號碼。leave表示＂忘了帶，落下；留在＂，常與地點狀語連用I’msorry.Ileftmyhomeworkathome.對不起，我把我的家庭作業(yè)落在家里了。【典例】—I’msorryI____________myexercisebookathomethismorning.—Itdoesn’tmatter.Don’tforget____________itherethisafternoon.A.left;totake B.forgot;bringingC.left;tobring D.forgot;tobring（3）leave的其他用法leave的過去式和過去分詞都為left。leave離開Heleaveshomeearlyeveryday.每天他早早地離開家。忘了帶，丟下Ileftmybagathome.我把我的書包落在家了。剩下Hurryup!There’slittletimeleft.快點！幾乎沒有時間了?！颈嫖觥縧eave和leaveforleave后跟的地點為＂出發(fā)地＂HeleftBeijingyesterday.昨天他離開北京。leavefor后跟的地點為＂目的地＂HewillleaveforShanghaitomorrow.明天他將動身去上海。Point5Atschool,wehavemorerules—don’tbenoisy,don’teatinclass...在學(xué)校，我們有更多的規(guī)則——不許喧嘩，不要在課堂上吃東西……（1）more意為＂更多的＂，此處是many的比較級，修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。它也是much的比較級，可修飾不可數(shù)名詞。ShehasmorebooksthanI.她的書比我的多。（2）noisy形容詞，意為＂吵鬧的，嘈雜的＂，其反義詞為quiet＂安靜的＂。【辨析】noise，noisy與noisilynoisen.喧鬧聲，噪音Don’tmakesomuchnoise.Dadissleepinginthenextroom.不要制造這么大的噪音。爸爸正在隔壁的房間里睡覺。noisyadj.吵鬧的Don’tbenoisy!Bequiet,please.不要吵鬧！請保持安靜。noisilyadv.吵鬧地Mylittlesisteriscryingnoisily.我的小妹妹正在大聲哭鬧?！镜淅俊狟ruce,Idon’tlikethisrestaurant.It’stoo____________here.—Well,let’sgosomewherequiet.A.dirtyB.noisy C.dangerous D.expensivePoint6Afterdinner,Ican’trelaxeither.晚飯后，我也不能放松。（1）relax/r?’l?ks/v.放松，休息Justrelaxandenjoythemovie.休息休息，看看電影吧?！颈嫖觥縭elax，relaxing與relaxedrelax動詞放松；使放松relaxing形容詞主要用來修飾物，表示＂令人放松的＂relaxed形容詞主要用來修飾人，表示某人＂感到輕松的＂Playinggamesalwaysrelaxesme.玩游戲總是使我放松。Thisfilmisveryrelaxing.這部電影很令人放松。Heisrelaxedaftertakingavacation.度假后，他感到輕松?！就卣埂坑⒄Z中類似的詞還有：interesting有趣的；interested感興趣的；boring無聊的；bored(對某人/某事)厭倦的，煩悶的；exciting令人興奮/激動的；excited興奮/激動的；surprising令人驚訝的；surprised感到驚訝的等。Thisisasurprisingstory.這是一個令人驚訝的故事。I’msurprisedatthenews.我對這個消息感到驚訝。【典例】1.Ipreferhistoricaldramasbecausetheyarea____________(relax)wayformetolearnhistory.2.Ilikelisteningtomusicbecauseitmakesme____________(放松的).(2)either在此處意為＂也＂?！颈嫖觥縠ither,too與alsoalso＂也＂，用于肯定句中，常放在句中，位于be動詞、情態(tài)動詞或助動詞之后，實義動詞之前。too＂也＂，用于肯定句中，一般放在句末。either＂也＂，用于否定句中，一般放在句末。Mybrothercanalsoplaythepiano.我哥哥也會彈鋼琴。IlikeEnglish,too.我也喜歡英語。Idon’tlikeiteither.我也不喜歡它。Point7read/ri?d/v.閱讀；讀【辨析】read，watch，see與lookread意為＂閱讀＂，側(cè)重指看文字性的東西?？捎糜趓eadsth.tosb.或readsb.sth.結(jié)構(gòu)。Heisreadingabook.他正在看書。watch意為＂觀看；注視＂，指非常仔細(xì)地、有目的地、全神貫注地＂看＂。Wesatandwatchedthesunset.我們坐著看日落。see意為＂看見；看到＂，強調(diào)看的結(jié)果，指有意或無意地看到，無進(jìn)行時態(tài)。Isawhimleaveafewminutesago.幾分鐘前我看見他離開了。look意為＂看＂，強調(diào)看的動作，表示有意識地集中精力去看。Ilookedbutsawnothing.我看了，但什么也沒看到。Point8terrible/’ter?bl/adj.非常討厭的；可怕的terrible＂非常討厭的；可怕的＂。在非正式語體里，terrible還可作＂很糟的，極差的＂解，在句中可用作定語或表語。Doyouknowtheterriblenews?你知道那則駭人聽聞的新聞嗎？Itisterriblethatshelostherpurse.糟透了，她丟失了錢包?！就卣埂縯erribly為副詞，意為＂很；非常；很厲害地＂。Iamterriblysorryforthat.我對那件事非常抱歉。Shesufferedterriblywhenhersonwaskilled.她兒子被殺之后，她遭受了極大的痛苦。Point9Parentsandschoolsaresometimesstrict,butremember,theymakerulestohelpus.父母和學(xué)校有時是嚴(yán)格的，但是要記住，他們制訂規(guī)則是為了幫助我們。（1）strict形容詞，意為＂嚴(yán)格的，嚴(yán)厲的＂，在句中可作表語、定語。Sheisastrictteacher.她是一個嚴(yán)格的老師?！颈嫖觥縝estrictwithsb.對某人要求嚴(yán)格Myparentsarestrictwithme.我父母對我要求嚴(yán)格。bestrictinsth.對某事要求嚴(yán)格Ourteacherisstrictinhiswork.我們的老師對他的工作要求嚴(yán)格?！镜淅縈yEnglishteacherisalwaysstrict____________us.A.inB.atC.withD.about（2）remember為及物動詞，意為＂記住，記起＂，其反義詞是forget，意為＂忘記＂。remember后可接名詞、代詞、動詞的-ing形式和動詞不定式作賓語。Ican’trememberhistelephonenumber.我記不得他的號碼了?！颈嫖觥縭emembertodosth.與rememberdoingsth.remembertodosth.記得要去做某事，說明事情還沒有做，相當(dāng)于don’tforgettodosth.Remembertotelephonemewhenyouarrivethere.當(dāng)你到那里的時候，記著打給我。rememberdoingsth.記得做過某事，說明事情已經(jīng)做過Irememberseeingherinthecity.我記得在這個城市見過她?！镜淅縏om,pleaseremember____________thelightwhenyouleave.A.turnoff B.turningoff C.toturnoffPoint10follow/’f?l??/v.遵守follow在此為及物動詞，意為＂遵循，遵守＂，常用短語：followtherules遵守規(guī)則。Weshouldfollowthetrafficrules.我們應(yīng)該遵守交通規(guī)則?！就卣埂縡ollow常見的其他用法有：①跟隨，跟著Pleasefollowme.I’llshowyoutheway.請跟我走，我來給你帶路。②明白，領(lǐng)悟(＝understand)Youarespeakingtoofastandwecan’tquitefollowyou.你講得太快，我們不太懂你的意思。③沿……而行followtheroad沿路而行④following作形容詞，意為＂下列的，接下來的＂Canyouanswerthefollowingquestions?你能回答下列問題嗎？【典例】Forourownsafety,it’simportantto____________thetrafficrulesonthewaytoschool.A.follow B.changeC.makeD.breakPoint11luck/l?k/n.幸運；運氣luck為不可數(shù)名詞，意為＂幸運；運氣＂。goodluck(tosb.)表示＂祝(某人)好運＂，badluck意為＂倒霉＂。Shehadnoluckfindingajob.她很不幸，找不到工作。Iwishyougoodluck!＝Goodlucktoyou!祝你好運！【拓展】①lucky是形容詞，意為＂幸運的，吉祥的，僥幸的＂。Heisaluckydog.他是個幸運的家伙。②luckily是副詞，意為＂幸運地，幸虧，僥幸＂。Luckilytherewasadoctoronthespot.幸運的是現(xiàn)場有一位醫(yī)生?！镜淅俊狪’mgoingtoenteranEnglishspeakingpetitiontomorrow.—____________!A.Goodluck B.HaveanicetripC.NoproblemD.CongratulationsPoint12keepmyhairshort留短發(fā)(1)keep用作及物動詞，意為＂使……保持某種狀態(tài)＂，即＂keep＋賓語＋賓語補足語＂結(jié)構(gòu)，其中賓語補足語通常由形容詞、副詞、介詞短語等充當(dāng)。Wemustkeeptheclassroomclean.我們必須保持教室干凈。Keepthechildrenawayfromthefire,please.請讓孩子們遠(yuǎn)離火。【拓展】keep的其他用法：①keep作及物動詞，可意為＂保留＂，后可接時間段。HowlongcanIkeepthebook?我可以借這本書多長時間？②keep作及物動詞，可意為＂遵守＂，與follow同義。Everyonemustkeeptherules.每個人必須遵守規(guī)章制度。③keep還可作連系動詞，后接形容詞等作表語。Youmustlookafteryourselfandkeephealthy.你必須照顧好你自己，保持身體健康?！镜淅俊狹ustIreturnthebookthisweek?—No,you____________.Youcan____________itfor20days.A.mustn’t；keep B.needn’t；borrow C.needn’t；keep【答案】C【解析】——我必須這周還這本書嗎？——不，你不需要。你可以借20天。由must提問，否定回答要用needn’t；borrow為非延續(xù)性的動詞，不可與時間段連用。故選C。（2）hair/he?(r)/n.頭發(fā)；毛發(fā)hair可用作可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。指頭發(fā)的總稱時，是集合名詞，為不可數(shù)；指一根根的頭發(fā)時，是可數(shù)名詞。Hehasblondhair.他有一頭金發(fā)。Lookatthis,ahairinmysoup.你瞧，我的湯里有根頭發(fā)。Point13havefun玩得高興；獲得樂趣（1）havefun中的fun是不可數(shù)名詞，其前可用no;much;alotof等詞修飾。It’sagoodplacetohavefun.那是一個獲得樂趣的好地方。（2）同義短語：enjoyoneself或haveagoodtime。Didyouhavefun/enjoyyourself/haveagoodtimeattheparty?你在聚會上玩得開心嗎？【拓展】havefun(in)doingsth.意為＂做某事有樂趣＂。Thekidsarehavingfunplayingintheparknow.現(xiàn)在孩子們在公園玩得正開心呢?！镜淅俊狪’mgoingtoMary’sbirthdayparty.Bye,Mom.—____________,David!A.Bestwishes B.HavefunC.Takecare D.NoproblemPoint14DearDr.KnowDr.是Doctor一詞的縮寫，意思是＂博士；醫(yī)生；醫(yī)師＂，冠于姓氏之前，表示對某人的尊稱，如：Dr.Zhu朱博士；Dr.Bethune白求恩大夫。Point15...Idon’twantthecattogetme!

wantsb.todosth./wantsb.nottodosth.的意思是＂想要某人做某事/想要某人不做某事＂。Iwantmycousintohelpmewithmylesson.我想要我的表哥幫我學(xué)習(xí)功課。Hedoesn’twantmetotellyouaboutit.他不想我告訴你這件事。分層提分分層提分題組A基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)練一、根據(jù)首字母填空1．Please________（跟隨）theteacherinclassoryoucan'tlearnitwell.2．Don'tleavethe________（臟的）waterintheclassroom.3．It'sveryimportant.Youmust________（記?。﹊tquickly.4．Hisfatherisvery________（嚴(yán)格的）withhim.5．Shehasto________（練習(xí)）playingthepianoeveryday.6．—Canyouhelpmedothe________（碟，盤）?—OK,Mom.7．Myfatheroftencooksnicefoodforusinthek________.8．Thefoodist________.Idon'tlikeit.9．Therearemanypeopleintheroom,soit'sn________.10．Pleasebeq________inthelibrary.二、用所給單詞的正確形式填空11．Lindaoftenhelpshermotherdothe________(dish)aftermeals.12．It'simportant____________(read)moreEnglishstories.13．Doyouhelpyourmother________(make)dinnerintheevening?14．IamnothappybecauseIhavetoomany______(rule)athome.15．—WewillhaveanEnglishtesttomorrow.—Good________(lucky)toyou!16．Afterschoolsheusuallylearns________(play)theviolininthemusicclub.17．Ididn'thearthebellbecauseitwastoo________(noise)intheclassroom.18．Schoolsmakemanyrules____________(help)children.19．Ifeel________(relax)onweekends.20．Ericis________(luck)enoughtobechosenfortheschoolmusicfestival.三、單項選擇21．Ifyouwanttokeepfit,youshouldexerciseat________thirtyminutesaday.A．most B．least C．more D．less22．Marydoesn’tgoout_________itisraininghard.A．before B．but C．so D．because23．—Hurryup!—Onemoment.I________myemailsandthenI’mreadytogo.A．read B．a(chǎn)mreading C．reading D．reads24．Mylittlebrotherisatidyboy.Healwayskeepshisroom________.A．clean B．toclean C．cleaning D．cleans25．Mymotherhelpsmysister________herbedeverymorning.A．take B．get C．make D．do26．Mr.Blackwalkedaroundandofferedhelp________weweredoinganexperiment.A．while B．before C．a(chǎn)fter D．until27．—Mum,whatareyoumaking?It________sodelicious!—Fruitpizza.eandtrysome.A．tastes B．looks C．smells D．feels28．EmilyestoNanjingtoknowmoreaboutChinesecultureand________whichschoolisthebestforhertogoto.A．putout B．runout C．goout D．findout29．—WhatdoyouthinkofMs.Brown?—Sheisverystrict_________usbutweallloveheralot.A．of B．with C．for D．to30．________thispathandyouwillgettothetopofthemountain.A．Grow B．Follow C．Prepare D．Remember題組B能力提升練四、完型填空TherearelotsofrulesatSelina’sschool.Sheagreeswith(同意)someofthem.Forexample,theycan’tarrive____31____forschool.Theycan’truninthehallways,andtheycan’t____32____inclass.Theymustgotothedininghall.Allthese____33____areokaybecausethey’rereasonable(合理的).ButtherearesomerulesSelinadoesn’tagreewith.Forexample,atherschooltheyhaveto____34____uniformsandtheycan’twearjeans.Shethinksjeansaregood____35____they’refortable(舒適的).Atschool,theycan’tlistentomusicinartclass.Selinadoesn’tagreewiththisrule.Shethinks____36____musicinartclassisokay.Selinaalsohasto____37____somerulesathome.Forexample,ifshewantstowatchTV,shehastofinishher____38____first.Andshecan’tgoout____39____herfriendsonschoolnights,thatis,fromMondaytoFriday.Shehastocleanherroomeveryweekbecauseitis_____40_____.Luckily,shedoesn’thavetotakeouttherubbish(垃圾).Shehatesit.31．A．busy B．late C．early D．happy32．A．eat B．cross C．buy D．bring33．A．books B．rivers C．rules D．dictionaries34．A．sell B．take C．relax D．wear35．A．because B．a(chǎn)nd C．but D．or36．A．listening B．listeningto C．a(chǎn)rrivingat D．leaving37．A．remember B．practice C．follow D．feel38．A．work B．bridge C．kitchen D．homework39．A．on B．in C．a(chǎn)t D．with40．A．relaxing B．terrible C．dirty D．strict五、閱讀單選閱讀下列材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容，選擇最佳選項。A______RulesEmily’sFamilyRules1.eintotheroomwithcleanshoes.1.Getupbefore6:30a.m.andgotobedby10:00p.m.2.Don’teatordrinkintheroom.2.Don’tlistentomusic.3.Don’tlistentomusic.3.Don’ttalkloudlyonthephone.4.Don’tplaygamesonthem.4.Cleanyourbedroomeveryday.5.Turnoffalltheputersandclosewindowsafterclass.5.Youcan’tvisitfriendsifyoudon’tfinishyourhomework.41．Youcan’t______inthetwokindsofrules.A．eatordrink B．listentomusic C．visitfriends D．closewindows42．WhendoesEmilygotobed?A．At6:30a.m. B．Before6:30a.m. C．After10:30p.m. D．By10:00p.m.43．Theword(s)intheblank(空格)canbe______.A．puterroom B．Classroom C．Bedroom D．Diningroom44．Theunderlinedword(劃線詞)“visit”means______inChineseinRuleTwo．A．打擾 B．結(jié)交 C．參觀 D．拜訪45．WhichruleisNOTforEmily?A．Turnofftheputersandclosewindows. B．Don’tlistentomusic.C．Donttalkloudlyonthephone. D．Cleanyourbedroomeveryday.BMynameisAnn.Therearemanyrules(規(guī)則)inmylife.Ithinktheserulesareimportant.Athome,Ican’tplayputergamesformorethanhalfanhour.IthinkitisgoodformystudybecauseIcanhavemoretimetostudy.ImustmakethebedafterIgetup.AndImustcleanmyroomeveryday.Somybedroomisalwayscleanandtidy.Mymothersayskeepingtheroomtidyisgoodformyhealth.IstudyatFutureMiddleSchool.Atourschool,wealsohavesomerules.Wecan’tbelateforschool.Sowemustarriveatschoolontime.Wemustgettoschoolbeforehalfpastseveninthemorning.Weneedtoweartheschooluniformeveryday.Intheclass,wehavetobequiet.Wecan’tlistentomusic.Wecan’teatintheclass.Wemusteatinthedininghall.Afterclass,wecan’truninthehallways.Doyouhaverulesinyourlife?Tellmeaboutit.46．WhatdoesAnnthinkoftherulesinherlife?A．Important. B．Terrible. C．Interesting. D．Strict.47．WhattimecanAnnarriveatschool?A．At7:35. B．At8:00. C．At7:25. D．At7:45.48．HowlongcanAnnplayputergames?A．Onehour. B．Twentyminutes.C．Thirtyfiveminutes. D．Oneandahalfhours.49．Whatcanweknowfromthepassage?A．Annisatidygirl.B．Annhastobequietathome.C．Annneverfollowstheschoolrules.D．Katedoesn’tlikeplayingputergames.50．Thebesttitleforthepassageis“________”A．Ann’sschoollife B．RulesinAnn’slifeC．RulesatAnn’shome D．Ann’scleanroom.六、短文選詞填空閱讀短文，從方框中選擇合適的單詞，并用其適當(dāng)形式填空。follow,fight,with,dish,before,either,a,arrive,he,whatJohnlivesinShanghai.Heis____51____13yearoldboy.Hedoesn’tlike____52____therulesatschool.Hethinkstherulesarereallyterrible.EveryMondaymorning,hecan’t____53____atschoolontime,becausehealwayswatchesbasketballgamesonSundaynights.Butheneverfeelssorryforthat.Sometimeshe____54____withotherboysinthehallways.____55____parentsknowhedoesn’tbehave(表現(xiàn))wellatschool,sotheyarestrict____56____himathomeandmakesomerulesforhim.____57____aretherules?Hehastomakehisbedanddothe____58____onweekends.Andhemustreadforhalfanhour____59____goingtobed.Johndoesn’tlikehisfamilyrules,____60____.Hewantstotalkwithhisparentsabouttherules.題組C培優(yōu)拔尖練七、閱讀回答問題TheWenhuaSchool’sRulesYoumustYoumustn’tArriveatschoolbyhalfpastseveneverymorning.Wearjeans.Handinyourhomeworkbeforeeight.Eatordrinkintheclassroom.Lookcleanandtidy.Bringphonetoschool.Listencarefullyinclasses.Runortalkintheschoolbuildings.Stayontheplaygroundatbreaktime.Talkloudlyinthehallways.Standupwhenateacheresintotheclassroom.Fight.閱讀下面的短文，然后根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容回答問題。61．Whatcanyoudoinclasses?__________________________________________________________62．Whatcan’tyoudowhenyouareintheschoolbuilding?__________________________________________________________63．Canyoubringthephonestoschool?__________________________________________________________64．Whatdoyoudowhenyourteacheresin