非謂語動詞十大解題原則-學(xué)生版

非謂語動詞非謂語動詞主要包括todo,-ing和-ed三種形式，可是其用法非常廣泛，它不僅是高考單項(xiàng)選擇題測試的一個重點(diǎn)，而且也是完形填空、閱讀理解、短文改錯的重要考查內(nèi)容。為了能更好地掌握非謂語動詞的用法，老師在教學(xué)實(shí)踐中總結(jié)出十條實(shí)用的解題原則，并且還用相關(guān)的題目來解釋這些原則。根據(jù)這些原則，相信同學(xué)們可以輕松地應(yīng)對非謂語動詞。非謂語動詞主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)意義不定式一般式與謂語動詞動作同時或在其后進(jìn)行式同時完成式之前現(xiàn)在分詞/動名詞一般式與謂語動詞同時或幾乎同時發(fā)生完成式先于謂語動詞前過去分詞與主語為邏輯上的被動關(guān)系，表動作已完成規(guī)律性非謂語動詞試題的解題步驟（有提示詞）高考中大部分的非謂語動詞試題都屬于規(guī)律性的試題，解答這種類型的題目時，我們需按照“找邏輯主語、判斷關(guān)系、判斷形式”三個步驟來解題，即“第一，找非謂語動詞的邏輯主語；第二，判斷邏輯主語與非謂語動詞之間的邏輯關(guān)系，主動？被動？還是表示目的或者將來？第三，判斷非謂語動詞的形式。”注意：在語法填空中，首先要判斷所給提示詞在句中到底是做謂語還是非謂語。判定用非謂語動詞形式的根本依據(jù)就是“句中已有謂語”，即，句子不缺謂語的情況下，所給提示詞才能考慮用其非謂語動詞形式。一、區(qū)分簡單句與復(fù)合句，判斷式謂語動詞還是非謂語動詞Thatwasdefinitelynotanattractiveidea,soIpolitelydeclinedherinvitation,_____(close)mybookandwalkedaway.Wealsohavetoconsiderthefeelingoftheperson_______(receive)thegift.Althoughhehasbeentoldmanytimes,hestill(make)thesamemistake.Hewonthefirstprizeand(surprise)allofus.Withsomanypeople(communicate)inEnglisheveryday,itwillbecomemoreimportanttohaveagoodknowledgeofEnglish.Nowadays,almosteveryone_(realize)thatsmokingisharmfultopeople’shealth.There(be)nobus,Ihadtowalkhome.(spend)moretimeonyourstudy,andyouarelikelytomakebiggerprogress.(spend)moretimeonyourstudyisnecessaryforyoutomakeprogressinstudy.Hetotallydevotedhimselftosciencestudy,which(make)hisfamilyveryupset.Whattheshop(sell)nowattractsalotofcustomers.Thebeliefisthateveryone(depend)onthemselves,andthechoicetheymakeisofgreatimportance.非謂語動詞在高考中的具體應(yīng)用一、非謂語動詞作狀語的題型：1._________(see)fromthetopofthetower,thesouthfootofthemountainisaseaoftrees.2.Itrainedheavilyinthesouth,_________(cause)seriousfloodinginseveralprovinces.3._________(complete)theprojectintime,thestaffwereworkingatweekends.二、非謂語動詞作定語的題型：1.Agreatnumberofstudents_________(question)saidtheywereforcedtopracticethepiano.2.Manybuildingsinthecityneedrepairing,buttheone_________(repair)firstisthelibrary.十大解題原則原則一、兩個句子必須要用連詞連接，如果沒有連詞連接，則需要用非謂語動詞例1._________manytimes,buthestillcouldn’tunderstandit.A.Havingbeentold

B.Havingtold

C.Hehadbeentold

D.Thoughhehadbeentold例2．_________manytimes,hestillcouldn’tunderstandit.A.Havingbeentold

B.Havingtold

C.Hehadbeentold

D.Thoughhehadtold原則二、不及物動詞無-ed形式非謂語動詞，及物動詞有賓語時用-ing形式，無賓語時用-ed形式例3.____________inthemountainsforaweek,thetwostudentswerefinallysavedbythelocalpolice.A.Havinglost

B.Lost

C.Beinglost

D.Losing例4.__________,IreallybelievethatI’dprefernottomakeanychangenow.A.Consideredallthepossibilities

B.TakingallthepossibilitiesintoconsiderationC.Takenallthepossibilitiesintoconsideration

D.Givingallthepossibilities原則三、beingdone表示“正在被”，一般不作狀語，只作定語。非謂語動詞的完成時形式tohavedone或havingdone強(qiáng)調(diào)該動作發(fā)生在句子謂語動詞之前例5.__toreachthemonthephone,wesentanemailinstead.A.Fail

B.Failed

C.TofailD.Havingfailed例6.TimBemers-Leeisgenerallyconsidered_____theWorldWideWeb,onwhichalltheinformationissharedbyall.A.tohavefounded

B.havingfounded

C.founding

D.tofound原則四、非謂語動詞作定語時，表示將來用-todo，表正在進(jìn)行用-ing，表示已經(jīng)完成用-ed例7.Theplay_____nextmonthaimsmainlytoreflectthelocalculture．A．produced

B．beingproducedC．tobeproduced

D．havingbeenproduced例8.Thetrees_____inthestormhavebeenmovedofftheroad.A.beingblowndown

B.blowndown

C.blowingdown

D.toblowdown原則五、介詞后跟-ing形式，可以在-ing前加邏輯主語例9.Thediscoveryofnewevidenceledto______________.A.thethiefhavingbeencaught

B.thethieftobecaughtC.catchthethief

D.thethiefbeingcaught例10.Atthebeginningofclass,thenoiseofdesks____couldbeheardoutsidetheclassroom.A.openedandclosed

B.tobeopenedandclosedC.beingopenedandclosedD.toopenandclose原則六、-ing形式或todo可作主語或賓語，-ed形式則不可以例11.___________inaheavytrafficjamisquiteanunpleasantexperience.A.Caught

B.Havingcaught

C.Beingcaught

D.Tocatch例12___twiceayear,whetheritisacarorabusoratruck,istherulethateverydrivermustobeyinthiscity.A.Examining

B.Examined

C.Beingexamined

D.Havingbeenexamined原則七、be+-ed+介詞結(jié)構(gòu)?？砂裝e去掉保留-ed+介詞做狀語例13Michael’snewhouseislikeahugepalace,______withhisoldone.A.comparing

B.compares

C.tocompare

D.compared例14_______withadifficultsituation,Arnolddecidedtoaskhisbossforadvice.A.Toface

B.Havingfaced

C.Faced

D.Facing原則八、非謂語動詞作狀語，其邏輯主語必須和句子主語保持一致，和句子主語構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系時用-ing形式，構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系是用-ed形式。其邏輯主語和句子主語不一致時，要在非謂語動詞前加邏輯主語，構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)例15．____twice,thepostmanrefusedtodeliverourlettersunlesswechangedourdog.A.Beingbitten

B.Bitten

C.HavingbittenD.Tobebitten例16._______inthefieldsonaMarchafternoon,hecouldfeelthewarmthofspring.A.Towalk.

B.Walking

C.Walked

D.Havingwalked例17.

Whilewatchingtelevision,__________.A.thedoorbellrang

B.thedoorbellringsC.weheardthedoorbellring

D.weheardthedoorbellrings例18.Thechildrenwenthomefromthegrammarschool,theirlessons____fortheday.A.finishing

B.finished

C.hadfinished

D.werefinished原則九、不定式做狀語一般有兩種：目的狀語和出乎意料的結(jié)果狀語（表示順其自然的結(jié)果用-ing形式）。另外，某些形容詞（表喜、怒、哀、樂）做表語后跟不定式可以表示原因例19．_____,youneedtogiveallyouhaveandtryyourbest.A.Beingawinner

B.Tobeawinner

C.Beawinner

D.Havingbeenawinner例20.Thenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,only_______thefilmstarshadleft.A.totell

B.tobetold

C.tellingD.told例21.Theglassdoorshavetakentheplaceofthewoodenonesattheentrance,________inthenaturallightduringtheday.A.tolet

B.letting

C.let

D.havinglet例22.HowgladIam___________you!A.seeing

B.tosee

C.saw

D.havingseen原則十、非謂語動詞的否定原則是在非謂語動詞前加not，有nottodo,notdoing,nothavingdone,nottohavedone幾種形式例23______thathewasingreatdanger,Ericwalkeddeeperintotheforest.A.Notrealized

B.Nottorealize

C.Notrealizing

D.Nottohaverealized例24.Whatworriedhimmostwas______tovisithissickchild.A.hisbeingnotallowed

B.hisnotbeingallowedC.hisnotallowing

D.havingnotbeenallowed例25.Sarahhasdecided________awayonholidaythissummer.A.don’tgo

B.tonotgo

C.notgoing

D.nottogo考點(diǎn)突破，真題演練單句填空：用括號中所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1._____________(walk)isagoodformofexerciseforbothyoungandold.(全國)2.Eugene'sneverwillingtoalteranyofhisopinions.It’snouse__________(argue)withhim.(上海)3.Pleaseremain_________(seat);thewinneroftheprizewillbeannouncedsoon.(遼寧)4.—CanIsmokehere?—Sorry.Wearen’tallow___________(smoke)here.(江蘇)5.Itisdifficulttoimaginehis_______(accept)thedecisionwithoutanyconsideration.(陜西)6.Ican’tstand_________(work)withJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefuses________(stop)talkingwhilesheworks.(北京)7.Asaresultoftheseriousflood,two-thirdsofthebuildingsintheareaneed_____________(repair).(陜西)8.Susanwantedtobeindependentofherparents.Shetried________(live)alone,butshedidn’tlikeitandmovedbackhome.(湖南)9.—Robertisindeedawiseman.—Oh,yes.HowoftenIhaveregretted____________(nottake)hisadvice!(安徽)10.Ifyouthinkthattreatingawomanwellmeansalways________(get)herpermissionforthings,thinkagain.(湖南)11.Atthebeginningofclass,thenoiseofdesks__________________(openandclose)couldbeheardoutsidetheclassroom.(全國)12.—Theyarequiet,aren’tthey?—Yes.Theyareaccustomedto_______(nottalk)atmeals.(江蘇)13.Isn'tittimeyougotdownto________(mark)thepapers?(重慶)14.Mr.Reedmadeuphismindtodevoteallhehadto________(set)upsomeschoolsforpoorchildren.(上海)15.Shelooksforwardeveryspringto________(walk)intheflower-linedgarden.(上海)16.Havingbeenillinbedfornearlyamonth,hehadahardtime________(pass)theexam.(福建)17.AccordingtoarecentU.S.survey,childrenspendupto25hoursaweek________(watch)TV.(上海)18.Ibelievethat’sthebestwaytopreventsuchathingfrom_______(happen)again.(全國)19.Didyouhavetroublein________(find)thepostoffice?(全國)20.Sandycoulddonothingbut________(admit)tohisteacherthathewaswrong.(上海)21.Ismellsomething________(burn)inthekitchen.CanIcallyoubackinaminute?(全國)22.Don’tleavethewater________(run)whileyoubrushyourteeth.(天津)23.Itwassocoldthattheykeptthefire___________(burn)allnight.(全國)24.Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee_____________(carry)outthenextyear.(全國)25.TolearnEnglishwell,weshouldfindopportunitiestohearEnglish___________(speak)asmuchaswecan.(江蘇)26.Heisverypopularamonghisstudentsashealwaystriestomakethem____________(interest)inhislectures.(江蘇)27.Energydrinksarenotallowed________(make)inAustraliabutarebroughtinfromNewZealand.(上海)28.Myadviserencouragedme________(take)asummercoursetoimprovemywritingskills.(北京)29.Myparentshavealwaysmademe________(feel)goodaboutmyself,evenwhenIwastwelve.(江蘇)30.Theyknewherverywell.Theyhadseenher________(grow)upfromchildhood.(全國)31.Themotherfeltherself________(grow)coldandherhandstrembledasshereadtheletterfromthebattlefield.(上海)32.Pauldoesn’thavetobemade________(learn).Healwaysworkshard.(全國)33.—Comeon,pleasegivemesomeideasabouttheproject.—Sorry.Withsomuchwork________(fill)mymind,Ialmostbreakdown.(福建)34.Johnreceivedaninvitationtodinner,andwithhiswork____________(finish),hegladlyacceptedit.(安徽)35.Withalotofdifficultproblems________(set),thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.(上海)36.Thedirectorhadherassistant______(pick)upsomehotdogsforthemeeting.(全國)37.—DidPeterfixthecomputerhimself?—Hehadit________(fix),becausehedoesn’tknowmuchaboutcomputers.(安徽)38.JennyhopesthatMr.SmithwillsuggestagoodwaytohaveherwrittenEnglish________(improve)inashortperiod.(福建)39.Helenhadtoshouttomakeherself________(hear)abovethe