華中科技大學(xué)春季博士研究生英語入學(xué)考試試題一

資料內(nèi)容僅供您學(xué)習(xí)參考，如有不當(dāng)或者侵權(quán)，請聯(lián)系改正或者刪除。年春季華中科技大學(xué)博士研究生英語入學(xué)考試試題(1)I.Cloze(0.5x20=10%)Directions:Inthispartyouareaskedtochoosethebestwordforeachblankinthepassage.Writeyouranswersontheanswersheet.Althoughmostpeoplereturnfrompackageholidaysreasonablysatisfied,thisisnotalwaysthe(1)___.Take,forinstance,thenightmareexperienceofaFrenchmanwhowentona(2)___toColombia.ThehotelinthesmallCaribbeanportwasoverbooked.Theholidaymakerwas(3)___roundthestreets,lookingfora(4)___andbreakfastplace,whenhewasarrestedforvagrancy.Hewas(5)___,wherehetoldthemagistratethatitwasthehotel's(6)___.Themagistratewasthehotel-owner'sbrother,andhechargedthetourist(7)___makingfalseaccusationsandsenthimtoprisonforeighthadleft.Hehadinsufficientfundstobuyareturnticket,(9)___hewenttothePostOfficetosendatelegramtohishomeinMontpellier,askingformoney.Hewas(10)___beforehecouldsendit.Thistimehewaschargedwithlegal(11)___.Itwasexplainedthat,havingmissedhisreturn(12)___,hecouldnolongerbeclassifiedasatourist.Henowneededawork(13)___,hedidn'thaveone.Hewasfined$500forthis(14)___,andafurther$500whenheagainblamedthehotelforoverbooking.His(15)___wasconfiscatedbecausehecouldn'tpaythefines.Hehitch-hikedtoBogota(16)theconsulatefinallyarrangedtosendhimhome.Allthings(17)___,Iwouldprefertoplanmyholidayindependently.(18)___myview,it'ssaferto"doityourself!"Andtheadvantagesofplanningyourholidayyourselfare(19)___.Ifitiswell-planned,anindependentholidaycanusuallybegood(20)___formoney.1.A.occurrenceB.situationC.stateD.case2.A.packageB.holidayC.festivalD.celebration3.A.strollingB.saunteringC.wanderingD.patrolling4.A.accommodationB.hotelC.bedD.lodging5.A.takentocourtB.broughttothepolicestationC.takentothereformschoolD.senttoprison6.A.faultB.blameC.dutyD.responsibility7.A.ofB.withC.forD.to8.A.freedomB.dischargeC.releaseD.liberty9.A.andB.thoughC.butD.so10.A.finedB.re-arrestedC.arrestedD.punished11.A.citizenshipB.naturalizationC.migrationD.immigration12.A.tripB.ticketC.flightD.journey13.A.licenseB.allowanceC.permissionD.permit14.A.crimeB.offenceC.faultD.error15.A.luggageB.belongingC.thingD.luggages16.A.whenB.afterC.whereD.while17.A.consideredB.beingconsideredC.wereconsideredD.considering18.A.ToB.InC.ByD.With19.A.considerableB.thinkableC.considerateD.imaginable20.A.bargainB.buyC.saleD.valueII.Readingcomprehension(20x2=40%)Directions:Therearefourpassagesinthispart.Aftereachpassage,therearefivequestions.Youaretochoosethebestanswerforeachquestion.Writeyouranswersontheanswersheet.PassageoneAnanestheticisanythingthatproducesatemporarylossoffeelinginallorpartofthebody.Anestheticsare15

giventothoseabouttoundergosurgeryorotherpainfulmedicalproceduressothattheywillfeelnopain.Thisalsohelpsthedoctorsdotheirjob.Thepatientremainsstillduringtheoperation.Imaginethehorrorofhavingtogothroughanoperationwideawake,withnothingtostopthepain!Thisiswhatfacedpeoplebeforethediscoveryofmodernanestheticsinthenineteenthcentury.Untilthendoctorsandothershadtriedtoanesthetizepatientsbyeverymeansfromdruggingthemormakingthemdrunktohittingthemonthehead.Theninthe1940stwoAmericandoctors,CrawfordLongandWilliamMorton,provedthatpatientswhobreathedacertainamountofagascalledetherwouldremainunconscious,unmoving,andunfeelingforthelengthofanoperation.Theywouldnotbesubjecttoagony.Todaymedicalspecialistscalledanesthesiologistsemploygasessuchasnitrousoxide("laughinggas"),orinjecteddrugs.Sometimesbothareadministered.Theseanestheticskeeppatientsunconsciousforthemanyhourssomecomplexoperationsrequire.Formajoroperations,ageneralanestheticisusual.Thepatientisgivenagasordrugthatisabsorbedbytheblood,whichthencirculatesittothenervoussystem.Astheanestheticnumbsthecentralnervoussystem,thebodyofthepersonundergoingsurgeryrelaxesandceasestofeel.Someoperations,however,requireonlyalocalanesthetic.Thisconsistsofadruginjectedintotheareatobeoperatedon,todeadenthelocalnerves.Onlythatparticularpartofthebodyisaffected.Ifyourdentisthasevergivenyounovocainebeforepullingorfillingatooth,youhaveexperiencedlocalanesthesia.Athirdtypeofanestheticisthespinal.Aninjectionofadrugintothespinalcord,whichrunsalongthebackbone,completelydesensitizesnervesandrelaxesmusclesinallpartsofthebodybelowthepointofinjection.Thepatientdoesn'tfeelanything.Heorsheissparedseverepain.21.Themainpurposeofanestheticsisto___.A.helppeoplestopthinkingduringanoperationB.producealossoffeelinginallorpartofthebodyC.undergosurgeryorotherpainfulmedicalproceduresD.remainstillduringtheoperation22.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat____.A.peopleinthepastdidnothingtostopthepainduringtheoperationB.drunkenpeopledidn'tfeelpainatallC.patientswhobreathedetheralmostdiedD.beforethediscoveryofmodernanesthetics,doctorsalsotriedhardtoreducethepain23.Theword"numbs"(par.3)probablymeans____.A.deadensB.movesC.losesD.feels24.Someoperationsrequireonlyalocalanestheticinwhich____.A.youhaveyourteethpulledorfilledB.adrugisinjectedonlyintotheareatobeoperatedonC.youwillreceivenovocaineD.bothgasesanddrugsaretobeused25.Whenapersonisgiventhethirdtypeofanesthetic,____.A.hewillcompletelyloseconsciousnessB.hewillremainstillforalongertimeC.allpartsofthebodybelowthepointofinjectwillceasetofeelD.allpartsofthebodywillnotfeelanythingPassagetwoNaturallytheyoungaremoreinclinedtonoveltythantheireldersanditisintheirspeech,asitalwayswas,thatmostoftheverbalchangesoriginate.ButlisteningcriticallytotheirtalkIhearhardlyanynewwords.Itisallamatterofusingoldwordsinanewwayandthencopyingeachother,formuchastheywishtospeakdifferentlyfromtheirparents,theywantevenmoretospeaklikepeopleoftheirownage.Anewusageoncetooktimeto16

spread,butnowapopstarcanfalsifyitacrosstheworldinhours.Ofcourseitisnotonlytheyoungwholiketousethelatestin-word.Whiletheyaredescribingtheiridolsassmashing,great,faborcosmic,theirparentsandthemorediscriminatingoftheyoungersetarealsogropingforwordsofpraisethatareatonceaptandfashionable.However,theirchoiceofsplendid,brilliant,fantasticandsoonwillinturnbeslightlydimmedbyover-useandneedreplacement.Magicisathemethathasregularlysuppliedwordsofpraise(andthechoicemustbetraysomethinginournature).Charming,entrancingandenchantingareallbasedonit.Soalsoismarvelous,whichhasbeenusedsomuchthatsomeofitsmagichasfadedwhileamongteenagerswizardhadagreatrun.Anotherofthisgroup,thoughyoumightnotthinkit,isglamorous,whichwasalltherageinthegreatdaysofHollywood.GlamourwasaScottishdialectformof'grammar'or'grammarye',whichitselfwasanoldwordforenchantment.(Grammarmeansthestudyofwordshavealwaysbeenattheheartofmagic.)Thechangefrom'r'to'l'mayhavecomeaboutthroughtheassociationwithwordslikegleamingandglittering.Onthewhole,whenanewwordtakesovertheoldonesremain,weakenedbutstillinuse,sothatthetotalstockincreasesallthetime.Butsomethatstartonlyasslangandneverriseabovetheclasscandisappearcompletely.'Didyoureallysayrippingwhenyouwereyoung'mygranddaughteraskedme,ratherlikeaskingifIeverworeasuitofarmour.OfcourseIdidanditwasnosillierthansmashing,whichsomeofhercontemporariesarestillsaying.26.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutyoungpeopleintheirspeechTheyusewordsinventedbypopstars.Theycopythespeechoftheircontemporaries.Theygivewordsnewmeanings.Theyinventwordsthatolderpeoplecannotunderstand.27.Accordingtothepassage,wordsofpraisekeepchangingbecause___.theylosetheirfreshnesstherearemorewordsavailableinthisareayoungpeoplearebecomingmorediscriminatingolderpeopletrytoavoidthein-wordsoftheyoung28.Thefactthatmagicisafrequentsourceofwordsofpraisesuggeststhatpeople___.lacklinguisticoriginalityhavealwaysbeeninterestedinmagicarebecomingmoresuperstitiousareinterestedinmagicwhenyoung29.Totheauthor'sgranddaughtertheword'ripping'___.seemsstrangeandold-fashionedhasaclearermeaningthanitdoesfortheauthorisunacceptablebecauseitisslangmeansmuchthesameas'smashing'30.Thepassageismainlydiscussing___.thedifferencebetweentheoldandtheyounginusingwordsthereplacementofsomewordsbecausetheiroldfashionthedevelopmentoflanguagethecauseoflanguagechangePassagethreeIremembermeetinghimoneeveningwithhispushcart.Ihadmanagedtosellallmypapersandwascominghomeinthesnow.ItwasthatstrangehourindowntownNewYorkwhentheworkerswerepouringhomewardinthetwilight.Imarchedamongthousandsoftiredmenandwomenwhothefactorywhistleshad17

unyoked.Theyflowedinriversthroughtheclothingfactorydistricts,thendownalongtheavenuestotheEastSide.ImetmyfathernearCooperUnion.Irecognizedhim,ahunched,frozenfigureinanoldovercoatstandingbyabananacart.Helookedsolonely,thetearscametomyeyes.Thenhesawme,andhisfacelitwithhissad,beautifulsmile---CharlieChaplin'ssmile."Arch,it'sMikey,"hesaid."Soyouhavesoldyourpapers!Comeandeatabanana."Heofferedmeone.Irefusedit.Ifeltitcrucialthatmyfathersellhisbananas,notgivethemaway.HethoughtIwasshy,andcoaxedandjokedwithme,andmademeeatthebanana.Itsmelledofwetstrawandsnow."Youhaven'tsoldmanybananastoday,pop,"Isaidanxiously.Heshruggedhisshoulders."WhatcanIdoNooneseemstowantthem."Itwastrue.Theworkcrowdspushedhomemoroselyoverthepavements.TherustyskydarkenedoverNewYorkbuildings,thetallstreetlampswerelit,innumerabletrucks,streetcarsandelevatedtrainsclatteredby.Nobodyandnothinginthegreatcitystoppedformyfather'sbananas."Ioughttoyell,"saidmyfatherdolefully."Ioughttomakeabignoiselikeotherpeddlers,butitmakesmythroatsore.Anyway,I'mashamedofyelling,itmakesmefeellikeafool."Ihadeatenoneofhisbananas.MysickconsciencetoldmethatIoughttopayforitsomehow.Imustremainhereandhelpmyfather."I'llyellforyou,pop,"Ivolunteered."Arch,no,"hesaid,"gohome;youhaveworkedenoughtoday.JusttellmommaI'llbelate."ButIyelledandyelled.Myfather,standingby,spokeoccasionalwordsofpraise,andsaidIwasawonderfulyeller.Nobodyelsepaidattention.Theworkersdriftedpastuswearily,endlessly;adefeatedarmywrappedindreamsofhome.Elevatedtrainscrashed;theCooperUnionclockburnedaboveus;theskygrewblack,thewindpoured,theslushburnedthroughourshoes.Therewerethousandsofstrange,silentfigurespouringoverthesidewalksinsnow.Noneofthemstoppedtobuybananas.Iyelledandyelled,nobodylistened.Myfathertriedtostopmeatlast."Nu,"hesaidsmilingtoconsoleme,"thatwaswonderfulyelling,Mikey.Butititsplainweareunluckytoday!Let'sgohome."Iwasfrantic,andalmostintears.Iinsistedonkeepingupmydesperateyells.Butatlastmyfatherpersuadedmetoleavewithhim.31."unyoked"inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto___.sentoutB.releasedC.dispatchedD.removed32.WhichofthefollowinginthefirstparagraphdoesNOTindicatecrowdsofpeopleThousandsofB.FlowedC.PouringD.Unyoked33.WhichofthefollowingisintendedtobeapairofcontrastinthepassageHugecrowdsandlonelyindividuals.Weatherconditionsandstreetlamps.Clatteringtrainsandpeddlers'yells.Movingcrowdsandstreettraffic.34.WhichofthefollowingwordsisNOTsuitabletodescribethecharacterofthesonCompassionateB.ResponsibleC.ShyD.Determined35.WhatisthethemeofthestoryThemiseryofthefactoryworkers.Howtosurviveinaharshenvironment.Generationgapbetweenthefatherandtheson.Lovebetweenthefatherandtheson.18

PassagefourAmericansarepeopleobsessedwithchild-rearing.Intheirbooks,magazines,talkshows,parenttrainingcourses,WhiteHouseconferences,andchatsoverthebackfence,theyendlesslydebatethebestwaystoraisechildren.Moreover,Americansdomorethandebatetheirtheories;theytranslatethemintoaction.Theyerectplaygroundsfortheyoungsters'pleasure,equiplargeschoolsfortheireducation,andtrainskilledspecialistsfortheirwelfare.WholeindustriesinAmericaaredevotedtomakingchildrenhappy,healthyandwise.Butthisinterestinchildhoodisrelativelynew.Infact,untilveryrecentlypeopleconsideredchildhoodjustabrief,unimportantpreludetoadulthoodandtherealbusinessofliving.Byandlargetheyeitherignoredchildren,beatthem,orfondledthemcarelessly,muchaswewouldamuseourselveswithalitterofpuppies.Whentheygaveseriousthoughttochildrenatall,peopleeitherconceivedofthemasminiatureadultsoraspeculiar,unformedanimals.Downthroughtheagestheexperiencesofchildhoodhavebeenasvariedasitsduration.Actionsthatwouldhaveprovokedabeatinginoneeraelicitextralovingcareinanother.Babieswhohavebeennurturedexclusivelybytheirmothersinoneepochareleftwithday-careworkersinanother.Insomeplaceschildrenhavebeentrainedtostraddleunsteadycanoes,negotiatetreacherousmountainpasses,andcarryheavybundlesontheirheads.Inotherplacestheyhavebeentaughtcomplicatedpianoconcertiandlongmultiplicationtables.Butdiverseasithasbeen,childhoodhasonecommonexperienceatitscoreandthatisthesocialaspectofnurture.Allchildrenneedadultstobringthemup.Becausehumanyoungtakesolongtobecomeindependent,wethinkthatcivilizationmayhavegrownuparoundtheneedtofeedandprotectthem.Certainly,fromtheearliestdaysofman,adultshavemadeprovisionforthechildrenintheirmidst.36.Childreninthepastwereill-treatedorpettedbecausetheywere____.knowingnothingofadultlifeseenasuninterestingconsideredofnosignificanceconceivedofashavinganimalnatures37.ThepresentdayAmericanobsessionwithchild-rearinghas____.broughtaboutineffectualactionbroughtintobeingpointlessdiscussionshadfar-reachingresultsproducedendlesstheories38.InwhatwayarechildhoodexperiencesdifferentfromeachotherA.Childrenhavebeenalternatelybeatenandlovedthroughtheages.Insomeplacesphysicaltraininghasgivenwaytoencouragingcreativity.Parentshaveincreasinglytakencontroloftheirchildren'snurturing.Therehavebeendifferencesinchild-rearingindifferentepochs.39.Accordingtotheauthor,children____.A.needintensiveadultnurturingaretheinstigatorsofcivilizationremainphysicallydependentuntiladulthoodhavecommonsocialexperiences40.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetodevelopmentsintheperceptionofchildhoodA.Couldn'tjudge.Indifferent.Positive.Neutral.PartIIITranslation(30%)19

SectionAFromChineseintoEnglish(15%)Directions:TranslatethefollowingthreeunderlinedpartsfromChineseintoEnglishandwriteyourtranslationontheanswersheet.1瑞典公布的一項(xiàng)研究結(jié)果有力地證實(shí),單親家庭的孩子比雙親家庭的孩子更容易患心理疾病.五分之一瑞典家庭的孩子是由單親父母帶大的.鑒于該國和其它工業(yè)化國家的離婚率創(chuàng)下歷史新高的現(xiàn)狀,來自"國家健康和福利委員會"的一個政府小組試圖搞清那些和單親父母生活在一起的孩子的社會生活狀況.在對6.5萬名單親孩子進(jìn)行了9年跟蹤調(diào)查后,研究人員在醫(yī)學(xué)期刊《柳葉刀》上發(fā)表報告說,這些孩子在身心方面的健康狀況均不如在雙親家庭中生活的孩子.行為科學(xué)家格尼拉琳班克韋特福特說,"我們發(fā)現(xiàn),單親家庭的孩子出現(xiàn)不良后果的危險在增加."她說,單親家庭的孩子更容易患精神方面的疾病,發(fā)生自殺行為,酗酒和吸毒.2該研究顯示,問題的主要原因是經(jīng)濟(jì)拮據(jù),這取決于父親(或母親)是否領(lǐng)取社會福利金以及沒有自己的住房而租房居住.越窮的家庭,孩子表現(xiàn)得越糟糕.韋特福特女士說,其它工業(yè)化國家的單親孩子的境遇更糟糕,因?yàn)樗齻儧]有瑞典那種使大多數(shù)公民免于貧困的廣泛福利金."從國際角度來看,和別的國家相比,瑞典的單親父母的社會經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況似乎是相當(dāng)優(yōu)越的."可是,瑞典不存在經(jīng)濟(jì)拮據(jù)的狀況令英國利物浦大學(xué)的公共健康專家瑪格利特懷特海德懷疑,在該研究報告提出的問題背后是經(jīng)濟(jì)地位在起作用.3她說,"這份研究報告提出了令人嚴(yán)重關(guān)注的健康問題,但它卻沒告訴我們問題出現(xiàn)的原因,以及我們該從何下手加以援助".SectionBFromEnglishintoChinese(15%)Directions:TranslatethefollowingthreeunderlinedpartsfromEnglishintoChineseandwriteyourtranslationontheanswersheet.TheInternationalCommitteeoftheRedCrosssaysitwillneednearly$650milliontohelpvictimsofarmedconflictandviolencenextyear.TheGeneva-basedICRCrunshumanitarianoperationsinsome80countries.1TheInternationalCommitteeoftheRedCrosshasoperationsinjustabouteverytroublespotintheworld,includingAfghanistanandthePalestinianterritories.2However,itsaysitwillhavetoexpanditsoperationsevenmorenextyearbecauseofthedeterioratingsituationsinthosecountries.ThedirectorofICRCOperations,Pierre