2024年高考英語真題模擬試題專項匯編12七選五-科教科普類含解析

PAGE2024年高考英語真題模擬試題專項匯編（12）七選五-科教科普類1.Changingyourlifecancomeinsmall,easysteps.Youcantransformyourselfandliveabetterlifebymakingpositivechangesalongtheway.Herearesomechoicesthatwillleadtoyourtransformation.ChoosetochangebadhabitsSomebadhabitsseemtostickaroundwithoutusevenrealizingit.①__________

Youcanovercomethem,findbetteralternatives,andgetthroughyourstruggletobecomeabetteryou!Doitforyourselfmorethananything.ChoosetogrowIt’seasytogetstuckinafixedwayoflife.

②__________Inchoosingtogrow,youbuildcharacter,developyourstrengths,becomeawareofwhatneedsimprovement,andturnintothewell-roundedpersonyouneedtobetosucceed.ChoosetoseekabalancedlifeWheredoyouneedbalance?Areyouallwork,noplay?Ortheopposite?③__________

Ifyou’respendingtoomuchtimeworkingorlockedawayalone,findthetimeforsocialinteractionandhavingfun.Ifyouhaven’tcommittedtoascheduleinawhile,makethedecisiontostartfollowingone.④__________Thisisvitaltohumanexistence.Weneedthelovingbondscreatedbyfamilymembersandfriends.Personalrelationshipsarekeytoemotionalgrowthandsocialstability.ChoosetoliveyourpassionWhateveryourdreamis,youcanhaveit.Thepersonyouwishtobeandthethingsyouwishtoachievearewithinyou.Makethechoicetopursuethosepassionsatwhatevercost.Itmaymeanclearingoutyourscheduleordoingsomethingyou’veneverdone.⑤__________A.ChoosetospendtimewiththoseyouloveB.ChoosetoorganizeyourscheduleflexiblyC.Makethechoicetodaythatyouwon’tberuledbythem.D.Neitherextremewillleadyoutoapleasantlifeforverylong.E.However,withre-evaluationandgrowthcomesabeautifulfreedom.F.It’sgoodtochange,andyou’veonlygotsomanyyearstorefreshyourself.G.However,therewardfromsuccessandpersonalaccomplishmentwillbeworthit.2.依據(jù)短文內容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。ADietWithoutEnoughProteinCanCauseDepressionDepressionisaconditionsocommon,theWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)callsit“aleadingcauseofdisability.”Difficultyinfallingasleep,lossofappetite,andlossofabilitytoconcentratearejustafewoftheothereffectsofdepression.WHOestimatesthatworldwide,atanyonetime,350millionpeoplesufferfromthecondition.Whilelifeeventssuchasthelossofaspouseorajobmaycreateahappeningofdepression,manycasescomefromwithinandarenotcausedbyalifeevent.Nowscientistsareworkingonanewaspectofcure:nutrition.①__________TheIndianJournalofPsychiartryreportsthatbothbeforeandduringahappeningofdepression,thosewiththeconditionwillshowa“poorappetite…”②__________Manycasesofdepression,ifnotmostcases,affectthosewhodon’teatproperly.Sowhatdoesproteinhavetodowithallthis?Itallcomesdowntoaminoacids(氨基酸).Proteinsaremadeupofaminoacids,chemicalsknownasthe“buildingblocksoflife.”Thereare20differentaminoacids.③__________Boththehumanbrainandnervoussystemuseaminoacidsasasubstancethatcreatesasignalfromonebraincelltoanotheroronenervecelltoanother,thusrelayinginformationbetweenthecells.Whatthefinalresultthen?④__________Sinceaminoacidsmakeupprotein,adietwhichlacksinproteinwillcauseweakercommunicationbetweenthebraincells.Thislessensthesignalbeingsentfromonebraincelltothenextduringathought.⑤__________Thisiswhydepressioncanoftenexpressitselfasangeroraggression.A.Theultimateeffectishowwethink.B.Don'truinyourappetitebyeatingbetweenmeals.C.Skippingmealsitselfcancreateadepressedmood.D.Anewresearchsuggeststhatnutritioncanlessensomeoftherisksofdepression.E.Indiaisperhapstheworld’sleaderinresearchingtheconnectionbetweendietanddepression.F.Manyofthemaremadebythehumanbody,butnineothers,the“essential”aminoacids,mustbeeateninone’sdiet.G.Theprocesscanleadtotwistedsignals,whichcannotonlyleadtodepression,butalso,accordingtomanyscientists,aggression.3.依據(jù)短文內容,從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Radarisanelectronicdevicethatdetectsplanes,ships,coastlines,landmarks,andevenstormclouds.Thenameradarcomesfromthefirstlettersofthewordsradiodirectionandranging.Asthehumaneyeuseslightwavestosee,radar“sees”withradiowaves.Withoutradar,planescouldnotlandsafelyinbadweatherandshipscouldnotmovesafelyinthickfog.①__________Inthe1800sitwasdiscoveredthatradiowavescouldbereflectedfromobjects.Butscientistsdidnotmakegreatadvancesinradarresearchuntilthe1930s,whentheworldwasthreatenedbywar.②__________Ithasbeenusedwidelyinalmosteveryconflictsincethen.Echoesmakeitpossibleforradartowork.Whenabeamofradiowavesissentout,itstrikesonanobjectandreturnsanecho.Thisechoispickedupbyradarandrecordedonascreensimilartotelevisionscreen.Onthescreenanobserverseesaflash,orablip,thatshowsthedirectionanddistanceoftheobject.③__________Airportcontroltowersuseradartoguideplanesinforsafelandings.Almostalllargeshipsdependonradartopreventcollisionswithicebergsorotherships.④__________Weatherforecasters“see”thesize,direction,andspeedofstormsonradarscreens.Astronomerscanevenuseradartomeasureaccuratelythedistancetothemoon.Thus,thedevicehasgeneratedmajoradvancements.⑤__________

HugeradarantennashavebeeninstalledallovertheUnitedStates.Theyguardusagainstpossibleenemyattacks.Wehaveballistic—missiles(戰(zhàn)略導彈)warningsystemsthatcanalertustoattackswhenmissilesaremorethan1,000milesaway.Otherradarsystemswarnusagainstenemyaircraftandevenspyingspacesatellites.A.Policetrackspeedersinradar-equippedcars.B.Thesemeasurementsarenowhighlyaccurate.C.Thedevicecanbeusedinawiderangeoffields.D.Itisthereforeespeciallyvaluabletoshippersandtravelers.E.DuringWorldWarIImanycountriesusedradareffectively.F.Todayradarisusedbycommercialairlinersandweatherforecasters.G.Strengtheningnationaldefenseisoneofradar’smostimportantfunctions.4.依據(jù)短文內容,從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Haveyoueverheardofaninsectcalledthecicada(蟬)?①______.Buttheyhaveaninterestinginternalclockthattellsthemwhentogoaboveground.Every17years,billionsofthenoisyBroodVcicadas(十七年蟬)willswarm(成群出現(xiàn))tonortheasternpartsoftheUS,includingNewYork,OhioandPennsylvania.②______.ButthereareusuallyalotlessofthemcomparedtotheBroodVcicadas.③______.AccordingtoDiscoveryNews,theseinsectsstartedtheirlivesin1999.Andastheir17-yearlifecyclecomestoanend,theygoabovegroundwhentheirundergroundhomesgetwarmer64degreesFahrenheit(about18℃)tobeexact.Thenthefemaleswilllayhundredsofeggsintrees,andafteraboutfourtosixweeks,themotherandfathercicadaswilldie.④______.Whiletheycanbekindofannoying,theseinsectsdon’tharmhumans,buttheydomakealotofnoiseduringtheirtimeaboveground.⑤______.However,sincetherearesomanyofthe17-yearcicadas,theamountoflaideggscansometimesharmsmalltreesandbushes.Butafterthissummer,theseinsectswillmostlymindtheirownbusinessuntil2033.A.Thatsoundisthemalecicadasattractingthefemalecicadas.B.Thecicadainsectsarecommoninsummer,especiallyinAugustandcanbefoundinJulyaswell.C.Thereareotherkindsofcicadasthatcomearoundonceayearorevery13years.D.Thebabycicadaswillgounderground,andthe17-yearcyclewillstartoveragain.E.Asamatteroffact,peopleliketoeattheminsomecultures.F.Well,aspecialkindoftheseinsectsliveundergroundintheUSformostoftheirlives.G.ThisiswhatmakesBroodVcicadassospecial.5.依據(jù)短文內容,從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Anobviousreasonforlearninganewlanguageistobeabletocommunicatewiththepeoplewhospeakit.①

______Peopleineverycountrypreferitwhentouristsmakeanefforttospeakthelocallanguage,evenifallyoucansayinitis“hello”and“please”.CulturalunderstandingSpeakinganewlanguagehelpsyoutogettoknowanotherpeopleandculture,aslanguageandculturegohandinhand.②______

Itshowsnewwaysoflookingattheworld.Inaddition,whenyouspeakanotherlanguage,youcanenjoyliterature,film,andmusicintheoriginallanguage.Itisextremelydifficultforatranslationtobeaperfectreplica(復制品)oftheoriginal.③______.Businessandcareers④______Schoolsandemployerstendtoprefercandidateswhospeakoneormoreforeignlanguages.EventhoughEnglishiswidelyspokeninmuchoftheworld,thefactisthattheglobaleconomydependsoncommunication.WhendealingwithFrance,forexample,someonewhospeaksFrenchwillhaveanobviousadvantageoversomeonewhodoesn’t.LanguageimprovementLearninganotherlanguagecanhelpyoutounderstandyourown.ManylanguageshavecontributedtothedevelopmentofEnglish.⑤______Also,inlearninghowanotherlanguagediffersfromyourown,youwillincreaseyourunderstandingofyourownlanguage.Formanypeople,languageisinnate(與生俱來的)—weknowhowtosaysomething,butwedon’tnecessarilyknowwhywesayitthatway.Learninganotherlanguagecanchangethat.A.Languageishelpfulinmakingforeignfriends.B.Thebestwayistoreadwhattheauthoractuallywrote.C.Learninganotherlanguageopensone’smindtonewideas.D.Yourtripwillbecomfortableifyouspeakthelocallanguage.E.Speakingmorethanonelanguagewillincreaseyourmarketability.F.Itistruethatmasteringanotherforeignlanguageisverybeneficial.G.Learningthosewillteachyouwherewordsandevengrammaticalstructuresarefrom.6.依據(jù)短文內容,從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項,選項中有兩項為多余選項。Whatisyourfavoritecolor?Doyoulikeyellow,orange,red?①__________Doyouprefergraysandblues?Thenyouareprobablyquiet,shy,andyouwouldratherfollowthanlead.Youtendtobepessimist.Atleast,thisiswhatpsychologiststellus,andtheyshouldknow,becausetheyhavebeenseriouslystudyingthemeaningofcolorpreference,aswellastheeffectthatcolorshaveonhumanbeings.

②__________Ifyouhappentolovebrown,youdidso,assoonasyouopenedyoureyes,oratleastassoonasyoucouldseeclearly.

③__________Ayellowroommakesmostpeoplefeelmorecheerfulandmorerelaxedthanadarkgreenone;andareddressbringswarmthandcheertothesaddestwinterday.④__________AblackbridgeovertheThamesRiver,nearLondon,usedtobethesceneofmoresuicidesthananyotherbridgeintheareauntilitwasrepaintedgreen.Thenumberofsuicideattemptsimmediatelyfellsharply.Perhapsitwouldhavefallenevenmoreifthebridgehadbeendoneinpinkorbabyblue.⑤__________Itisanestablishedfactthatfactoryworkersworkbetter,harder,andhavefeweraccidentswhentheirmachinesarepaintedorangeratherthanblackorgray.A.Ontheotherhand,blackisdepressing.B.Theroomsarepaintedindifferentcoloursasyoulike.C.Lifeislikeapictureorapoem,fullofdifferentcolours.D.Coloursdoinfluenceourmoods一thereisnodoubtaboutit.E.Lightandbrightcoloursmakepeoplehappier,moreactiveandmoreproductive.F.Ifyoudo,youmustbeanoptimist,aleader,oranactivepersonwhoenjoyslifeandexcitement.G.Theytellusthatwedon’tchooseourfavouritecolouraswegrowup—wearebomwithourpreference.7.依據(jù)短文內容,從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。并將答案寫在答題紙的相應位置上,選項中有兩項為多余選項。Ambitiousstudentsworkhardtoexcelandstayonthetopbyputtingincountlesshoursofstudies,whichincludefrequentlatenights,endlesscrammingandrevisionsessions.①_______Notvery.Studiesshowthatastudentwhostudiesforanhourandtakesaten-minutebreakattheendofthesessionremembersmoreofwhatislearnedthroughoutthesession,thanastudentwhocontinuesstudyingwithouttakingabreak.②_______Hereisalistofsome.

●RelaxestheMind③_______Studyingforlonghoursatastretchcreatesaninformationoverload,andbringsaboutrestlessnessandtiredness.Ashortteabreakattheendofa45-minutestudysessionrefreshesyoursenses,energizesyou,andgetsyoubackintherightframeofmind,readytotakeonthenexttaskintheschedule.●ImprovesConcentrationLevelsThepurposeofastudysessionistostudyasmuchaspossibleandremembermostofwhathasbeenlearnedinit.④_______Itishighlylikelythatlonghoursofstudyingcanbecomemonotonous(單調的)andcauseyoutobelievethatyouare‘learning’,whenyouareonlyjust‘reading’.Ashortbreakeasesoutyourstressedmind,bringsyoubackontrack,andallowsyoutostartstudyingwithnew-foundfocuslevels.●?ImprovesInformationRetention(保留)Learningcontinuouslyreducestheabilitytorememberinformation.⑤_______AccordingtoThePrimaryandRecencyEffects,memoryimprovesjustbeforeandimmediatelyafteryoutakeabreak.Therefore,studysessionsofashortertimespanprovemorebeneficial.A.Whaturgedthemtodoso?B.Howproductiveisthispractice?C.Thebestsolutionistotakeashortbreakevery30to60minutes.D.Manypeoplewanttofindoutwhytakingbreakswhilestudyingisessential.E.Tobeabletoachievethis,itisabsolutelynecessarytocontinuouslystayfocused.F.Takingbreakswhilestudyingcontributestobetterlearninginanumberofways.G.Aclearheadandrefreshedmindcanspeedupandenhancetheprocessoflearning.答案以及解析1.答案：

1.C

2.E

3.D

4.A

5.G

解析：1.上文提示“一些壞習慣好像在我們沒有意識到的狀況下依舊存在?！痹僖罁?jù)下文提示“你可以克服它們,找到更好的選擇,并通過你的奮斗來成為一個更好的你!”承接上下文,C項Makethechoicetodaythatyouwon’tberuledbythem.(今日就做出選擇吧,你將不會被他們所統(tǒng)治。)切題。故選C。2.上文提示“人們很簡單陷入固定的生活方式中?！痹僖罁?jù)下文提示“在選擇成長的過程中,你塑造性格,培育自己的特長,意識到須要改進的地方,并成為你勝利的全面發(fā)展的人。”承接上下文,E項However,withre-evaluationandgrowthcomesabeautifulfreedom.(然而,重新評價和成長帶來了漂亮的自由。)切題。該項中的growth與下文的grow相吻合。故選E。3.上文提示“你在哪里須要平衡?你們都在工作,不玩耍嗎?還是相反?”下文提示“假如你花太多的時間在工作或獨自呆著,那就找時間進行社交互動和消遣。”承接上下文,D項Neitherextremewillleadyoutoapleasantlifeforverylong.(這兩種極端都不會讓你在很長一段時間里過著開心的生活。)切題。該項中的this指的就是上文所提示的內容。故選D。4.此處是一個小標題,依據(jù)上下標題可知答案在A/B中選擇。本段內容提示“這對人類的生存至關重要。我們須要家庭成員和摯友建立的愛的紐帶。”由此推知,A項Choosetospendtimewiththoseyoulove(選擇花時間和你愛的人在一起)。Love是關鍵詞,故選A。5.上文提示“無論付出什么代價,都要選擇去追求那些激情。這可能意味著你要清空你的日程表,或者做一些你從未做過的事情。”承接上文,G項However,therewardfromsuccessandpersonalaccomplishmentwillbeworthit.(然而,勝利和個人成就的回報是值得的。)切題。該項中的thereward和beworth與上文中的whatevercost構成一種轉折關系,故答案為G。2.答案：

1.E

2.C

3.F

4.A

5.G

解析：1.前一句提到:科學家們正在致力于治療抑郁癥的一種方法:養(yǎng)分。下一句提到了印度精神病學雜志的報告。該空位于中間,選項中和前后句都有聯(lián)系的只有E選項:在探討飲食和抑郁癥之間的聯(lián)系方面,印度或許是世界上領先的國家。故選E。2.前一句提到:《印度精神病學雜志》報道,在抑郁癥發(fā)生之前和期間,有這種狀況的人將顯示出一個“食欲減退……”后一句提到:很多抑郁癥的病例,假如不是大多數(shù)的話,都會影響那些沒有適當飲食的人。選項中只有C選項提到不當飲食:不吃飯本身就會造成抑郁心情。3.前一句提到:有20種不同的氨基酸。該空承接上文,應當提到和氨基酸有關的話題,故F選項切題:其中很多(氨基酸)是由人體制造的,但另外九種,即“必需的”氨基酸,必需在飲食中食用。4.上文提到:人類大腦和神經系統(tǒng)都運用氨基酸作為一種物質,從一個腦細胞向另一個腦細胞或從一個神經細胞向另一個神經細胞發(fā)出信號,從而在細胞之間傳遞信息。最終的結果是什么?那么該句應當回答這個問題,提到最終的結果。故A選項正確:最終的效果是我們的思索方式。5.上文提到:由于氨基酸構成了蛋白質,缺乏蛋白質的飲食會導致腦細胞間的溝通減弱。這削減了思索過程中從一個腦細胞發(fā)送到另一個腦細胞的信號。G選項正確:這一過程可能導致信號扭曲,這不僅可能導致抑郁,而且,依據(jù)很多科學家的說法,攻擊性。這就是為什么抑郁經常表現(xiàn)為生氣或侵略。3.答案：

1.D

2.E

3.B

4.A

5.G

解析：1.D【解析】依據(jù)語境可知,沒有雷達,飛機不能在壞天氣中平安著陸,輪船不能在濃霧中平安航行,因此它對于船運公司和旅行者來說特殊重要,故選D。2.E【解析】依據(jù)空前一句可知,科學家直到20世紀30年頭才在雷達技術上有了重大進展,再依據(jù)后句"自那之后雷達被廣泛用于幾乎全部沖突中",故E項"在二戰(zhàn)中很多國家有效地運用了雷達"符合語境,故選E。3.B【解析】依據(jù)空前一句可知,在屏幕上視察者會看到一束光,這表明白物體的方向和距離。故空處應當是對測量結果的評價,說明測量的結果是高度精確的。故選B。4.A【解析】此段主要介紹了雷達在不同領域的應用。空處前后都是舉例,所以A項舉警察駕駛裝備有雷達的汽車追蹤違章超速者的例子符合語境,故選A。5.G【解析】本空是本段的主旨句。依據(jù)下文內容可知,本段主要講了雷達也可用于國防領域。故選G。4.答案：

1.客觀填空F

2.客觀填空C

3.客觀填空G

4.客觀填空D

5.客觀填空A

解析：【文章大意】本文主要是介紹十七年蟬這個特別特殊的物種。每17年,數(shù)十億只吵鬧的十七年蟬就會蜂擁到美國東北部,包括紐約、俄亥俄和賓夕法尼亞州。1.【答案】F【解析】考查語意邏輯關系。依據(jù)后一句中But可知,空格處與后一句意思是轉折關系,而后一句中的一些關鍵詞goaboveground.(回到地面上)正好對應F項中的關鍵詞liveunderground(生活在地底下),形成轉折關系,故選F。2.【答案】C【解析】考查語意邏輯關系。依據(jù)后一句ButthereareusuallyalotlessofthemcomparedtotheBroodVcicadas.(但與孵卵的蟬相比,它們的數(shù)量通常要少得多。)可知,前面空格里會提到其他的物種來跟十七年蟬進行對比,而C項中正好有13年蟬,故選C。3.【答案】G【解析】考查語意邏輯關系。本段講解并描述十七年蟬別出心裁之處。故G項“這就是使十七年蟬如此特殊的緣由”概括本段內容。4.【答案】D【解析】考查語意邏輯關系。依據(jù)前面幾句的描述可知,母蟬會在樹上產卵,幾周之后,蟬爸爸和蟬媽媽會死去,因此后面就會接上蟬寶寶,D項中說的蟬寶寶就會回到地下生活17年,17年的輪回就周而復始,故選D。5.【答案】A【解析】考查語意邏輯關系。依據(jù)前一句中提到的關鍵詞alotofnoise(很多噪音)可知,A項中是對這種吵鬧聲的一個說明,是公蟬來吸引母蟬的,故選A。5.答案：

1.D

2.C

3.B

4.E

5.G

解析：1.【答案】D【解析】依據(jù)下文中的Peopleineverycountrypreferitwhentouristsmakeanefforttospeakthelocallanguage,evenifallyoucansayinitis“hello”and“please”,可知應選D項,Yourtrip與tourists相呼應。2.【答案】C【解析】依據(jù)段落開頭的Speakinganewlanguagehelpsyoutogettoknowanotherpeopleandculture可知,學習另一種語言能夠開闊眼界。3.【答案】B【解析】依據(jù)上文中的Itisextremelydifficultforatranslationtobeaperfect