專題06重點(diǎn)語法知識(shí)梳理一（原卷版）-2021-2022學(xué)年七年級(jí)英語上學(xué)期期末考點(diǎn)大串講（牛津上海版）

專題03重點(diǎn)語法知識(shí)梳理一目錄TOC\o"12"\h\uGrammar1：形容詞與副詞的比較級(jí)及最高級(jí) 1【活學(xué)活用1】 4Grammar2：一般過去時(shí) 7【活學(xué)活用2】 8Grammar3：反身代詞的用法 11【活學(xué)活用3】 13Grammar4：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)&一般疑問句 17【活學(xué)活用4】 18Grammar5：表示方位的介詞和介詞詞組 23【活學(xué)活用5】 24Grammar1：形容詞與副詞的比較級(jí)及最高級(jí)1.形容詞與副詞的比較級(jí)以及最高級(jí)：規(guī)則變化（1）一般情況下，單音節(jié)或雙音節(jié)的形容詞（或副詞）比較級(jí)＋er，最高級(jí)＋est

clever－cleverer－cleverest,few－fewer－fewest,small－smaller－smallest等

（2）以e結(jié)尾的詞，比較級(jí)＋r，最高級(jí)＋st即可

nice－nicer－nicest,cute－cuter－cutest,large－larger－largest

（3）以輔音字母＋y結(jié)尾的變y為i＋er或est

easy－easier－easiest,happy－h(huán)appier－h(huán)appiest,再如：early,busy,heavy,dirty,lazy.也如此

（4）重讀閉音節(jié)的詞，雙寫最后一個(gè)輔音字母，再加er或est構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。

fat－fatter－fattest,thin－thinner－thinnest,hot－h(huán)otter－h(huán)ottest,red－redder－reddest

wet－wetter－wettest,big－bigger－biggest

（5）以ful結(jié)尾的形容詞，在原級(jí)前加上more或most構(gòu)成比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)。helpfulmorehelpful—mosthelpfuluseful—moreuseful—mostusefulcareful－morecareful－themostcareful(6)多音節(jié)的形容詞和副詞，在原級(jí)前加上more或most構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。beautiful－morebeautiful－themostbeautiful,delicious,popular,important,interesting,expensive等.

少數(shù)單音節(jié)詞也是這樣,如：

pleased－morepleased－themostpleased;tired－moretried－themosttired

不規(guī)則變化：原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)many/muchmoremostgood/wellbetterbestbad/ill/badlyworseworstlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest注意：1）farther,further都可以表示距離，時(shí)間上的“更遠(yuǎn)”，但是表示“更進(jìn)一步”時(shí)只能用further.We’dbettergetfurtherinformation.我們最好能得到更進(jìn)一步的信息。2)older,oldest用于比較年齡的大小。older,eldest用于表示家庭成員間的長(zhǎng)幼關(guān)系。He’solderthanI.他比我年齡大。LiQiangismyelderbrother.李強(qiáng)是我的哥哥。2．形容詞和副詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的用法：1)同級(jí)比較：as+形容詞或副詞原級(jí)+asA與B一樣HespeaksEnglishaswellasanAmerican.他英語說得和美國(guó)人一樣好。2）notas/so+形容詞或副詞原級(jí)+asA不及B…Thereisnotas/somuchsnowhereasinTianjing.這兒下雪不如天津多。3）形容詞或副詞比較級(jí)+thanA比B…Thisdressismoreexpensivethanthatone.這條裙子比那條貴。4）比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)越來越。。。Winterising.It’sgettingcolderandcolder.冬天來了，天氣越來越冷了。Ourcitywillbeemoreandmorebeautiful.我們的城市將變得越來越美麗。5）the+形容詞或副詞的最高級(jí)+比較范圍（三者或三者以上）最。。。Hishorseruns(the)mostslowlyofthethreehorses.這三匹馬中他的馬跑得最慢。6）oneof+the+形容詞最高級(jí)+名詞復(fù)數(shù)+比較范圍最。。。之一TheNileisoneofthelongestriversintheworld.尼羅河是世界上最長(zhǎng)的河之一。7)the+adj./adv（比較級(jí)）+of+n.表示“兩者中較。。。的”Sheistheprettierofthetwosisters.她是兩姐妹中較漂亮的一個(gè)。Thisropeisthelongerofthetwo.這條繩子是這兩條中較長(zhǎng)的一條。3．比較程度的表示：1)某些副詞和短語常用在形容詞或副詞比較級(jí)前表示比較的程度，如：much，even，still，far,alittile，alot,abit等。Shefeltillyesterday.Andshegotevenworsetoday.她昨天病了，今天情況更差。2)表示度量的詞組也可以用來表示比較程度。HeisonlyayearolderthanI．他只比我大一歲。3)序數(shù)詞常用在形容詞最高級(jí)前表示程度。Chinaisthethirdlargestcountryintheworld.中國(guó)是世界上第三大的國(guó)家。4．比較級(jí)中應(yīng)該注意的問題：1)只有同類事物才能進(jìn)行比較。Hiscarisbetterthanmine.他的車比我的好。Thebooksinourlibraryaremorethanthoseinyours.我們圖書館里的書比你們的多。（比你們學(xué)校圖書館里的書多）2)被比較的事物中不能包括本身。Dickransfasterthananyotherstudentinhisclass．迪克跑得比班上任何一個(gè)學(xué)生快。(迪克是班上學(xué)生之一)還可以說：Dickrunsfasterthananyoftheotherstudentsinhisclass.(中國(guó)在歐洲之外)Lindaplaysbasketballbetterthananyboyinherclass.琳達(dá)籃球打得比班上任何一個(gè)男孩好。(琳達(dá)是女孩)【活學(xué)活用1】1)選出正確的答案1.Thispencilis___________thanthatone.A.longestB.longC.longerD.aslong2.Ithinkscienceis____________thanlanguage.Whatdoyouthink?A.importantB.moreimportantC.muchimportantD.mostimportant3.Whojumped_________ofthetwoboys?A.higherB.highC.morehighD.highest2)用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Simonis________(good)atEnglishthanAmy.2.Thebluecaris_____________________(expensive)ofall.3.Sheis___________(busy)inmyfamily.4.Ithinkhikingis_____________(interesting)thandiving.5.Heworks_________(hard)thanIdo.3)完成句子1.我比他高。Iam______________________he.2.這朵花比那朵花美。Thisfloweris_________________________________thatone.3.他是所有人當(dāng)中做得最差的。Hedid______________________ofall.4.六個(gè)女孩中，她吃了最少的牛肉。Ofthesixgirls,sheate______________________beef.5.Lucy是我最好的朋友。Lucyis______________________friend.4)比較級(jí)句型的拓展1.Theearthismuch___________(big)thanthemoon.2.Iamtootiredtogoany___________(far).Whynothavearest?3.Theproblemisalittle___________(different)thantheotherone.4.上海比江蘇任何一個(gè)城市都大。Shanghaiislargerthan____________inJiangsu.Amy比她班里的任何一個(gè)同學(xué)都苗條。Amyisslimmerthan____________________inherclass.5)1.Myfatheris_________________(healthy)ofmyparents.2.Lucyis________________(clever)ofthetwins.6)1.你吃的蔬菜越多，你將越健康。______________vegetablesyoueat,______________youwillbe.2.你做得鍛煉越少，你就越胖。______________exerciseyoutake,____________youwillbe.7)1.天氣變得越來越熱Theweathergets________________.2.這個(gè)女孩變得越來越仔細(xì)。Thegirlbees______________________Grammar2：一般過去時(shí)1.一般過去時(shí)：★一般過去時(shí)的構(gòu)成：一般過去時(shí)用動(dòng)詞的過去式表示，動(dòng)詞的過去式有規(guī)則與不規(guī)則兩種。規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式在動(dòng)詞原形后加ed,不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式需另加記憶。動(dòng)詞過去式的變化方式：情況及變化例詞一般情況，在動(dòng)詞原形后加edwork→worked,answer→answered,open→opened,play→played以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的詞，加dlive→lived,move→moved以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的詞，變y為i,再加edtry→tried,cry→cried,study→studied以輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)詞，雙寫該輔音字母，再加edstop→stopped,plan→planned★一般過去時(shí)的用法：★表示在過去某個(gè)特定的時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)★表示過去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)★表示在過去連續(xù)發(fā)生一系列動(dòng)作【注意】若要表示“真理”或一件事情的“事實(shí)”等概念時(shí)，通常不用一般過去時(shí)，而使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。【活學(xué)活用2】1．Iusedto________outalot,butnowI’musedto________athome.A．eat,cooking B．eating,cook C．eating,cooking2．WhichofthefollowingisRIGHT?A．Heisusedtolivethere. B．Sheislisteningtomusicat8o’clocklastnight.C．Ihaveborrowedthebookfromthelibraryfortwoweeks. D．Kidsunder18arenotallowedtodrive.3．ThefamousNBAbasketballplayerIwaslookingforwardto_________thegameatlast.weallfeltexcited.A．a(chǎn)ppears B．a(chǎn)ppearing C．a(chǎn)ppeared4．Mymother________whenshewasayounggirl.A．keepadiary B．keepsadiary C．keptadiary D．iskeepingadiary5．XiaoFei________tobeshy,didn’the?A．uses B．used C．useful D．using6．WhenI________ten,I________thispictureinapark.A．a(chǎn)m;taked B．a(chǎn)m;take C．were;taked D．was;took7．Hedidn’t________todo________.A．want;something B．want;anything C．wanted;anything D．wanted;anything8．Everyoneinmyclass________abagwithsomefoodlastFriday.A．take B．takes C．taking D．took9．Tina________thesciencemuseumwithherclassmatelastweekend.A．visit B．tovisit C．visits D．visited10．—Couldyoutellme________?—Twohoursago.A．whenyoufinishyourwork B．whenyoufinishedyourwork C．whendidyoufinishyourworkGrammar3：反身代詞的用法反身代詞的用法1）形式人稱單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)第一人稱myselfourselves第二人稱yourselfyourselves第三人稱himself/herself/itselfthemselves2)作用反身代詞在句中可以用作賓語、表語、主語的同位語、賓語的同位語。作同位語時(shí)表示“本人，自己”。Youshouldaskthestudentsthemselves.你應(yīng)該問一問學(xué)生們自己。3)反身代詞構(gòu)成的慣用詞組enjoyoneself玩得很高興saytooneself自言自語byoneself獨(dú)自的2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)1)結(jié)構(gòu)：have/has+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞（肯定句）have/hasnot+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞（否定句）have/has+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞？（疑問句）過去分詞的構(gòu)成：規(guī)則動(dòng)詞（在動(dòng)詞后加ed），不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞（詳見不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞表）。2)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)用來表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常與already,just,yet連用。Theyhavejustboughtanewhouse.他們剛買了間新房子。Thepatienthasn'teatenanythingyet.這個(gè)病人還沒有吃過任何東西。HaveyoubeentotheGreatWall?你去過長(zhǎng)城嗎？3)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)可以表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常與時(shí)間狀語since,for連用(since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)；for+時(shí)間段)，或者用于Howlong…？句型中，表示持續(xù)的時(shí)間。WehavelearnedEnglishsinceweweresix.我們自從6歲起就學(xué)習(xí)英語了。Mr.Lihasbeenanengineerforover20years．李先生成為工程師有20多年了。Howlonghavethefilmbeenon?電影放多久了？Forabout15minutes.大概有15分鐘。注意：在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)中瞬間動(dòng)詞不能與“for+時(shí)間段”或“since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)”連用，瞬間動(dòng)詞必須轉(zhuǎn)化為持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。Hergrandmahasdiedfortenyears.(X)Hergrandmahasbeendeadfortenyears.(√)4)常用的瞬間動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表瞬間動(dòng)詞持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞瞬間動(dòng)詞e,reach,arrive,getto,joinbein,staydiebedeadopenbeopenclosebecloseleavebeawaybuyhaveborrow,lendkeepbee,turn,getbebegin,startbeongooutbeoutfallillbeillcatchacoldhaveacold【活學(xué)活用3】1．—Whydoyoulikelisteningtomusic?—BecauseIcanrelax________whenIfeeltired.A．yourself B．herself C．himself D．myself2．—Weshouldn’tworryaboutMary.—Youareright.Sheis________tolookafter________.A．enoughbig;her B．bigenough;herselfC．enoughold;her D．oldenough;herself3．—Whatdidyoubuyfor________lastDoubleElevenDay（雙十一節(jié)）?—Nothing.Ionlyboughtsomethingformyparents.A．yourself B．myself C．himself4．—Nomatterwhathappens,justlove________andlovethepeoplearoundyou.—Ireallyagreewithyou.A．yourself B．your C．you5．Jimandhissisterareoldenoughtolookafter_______.A．himself B．herself C．themselves D．ourselves6．—HowdoyoulearnEnglishandFrench?—MrsLiteaches________EnglishandIlearnFrenchby________.A．me;me B．my;me C．me;myself D．my;myself7．—OurfirstEnglishclassstartedwithintroducing________.—Sodid________.A．us;we B．ourselves;we C．us;ours D．ourselves;ours8．—Jimplaysbasketballsowell!Whotaught________?—Helearntitby________.A．him;him B．him;himself C．himself;himself9．Hecan’trepairthemodelship________.Canyouhelp________?10．Thegirlcalledhermotherforhelpbecauseshecouldn’tsolvetheproblemby________.A．herself B．himself C．yourself D．themselvesGrammar4：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)&一般疑問句1．一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，或一般情況下所存在的狀態(tài)。它常和always、often、usually、everyday、sometimes等時(shí)間狀語連用。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法：表示經(jīng)常﹑反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，現(xiàn)存的習(xí)慣或狀態(tài)。常與often、always、usually、everyday、sometimes、never、onceaday、seldom等時(shí)間狀語連用。Hegoestoworkeveryday.他每天都上班。MikeisanAmerican.邁克是一個(gè)美國(guó)人。表示客觀事實(shí)或普遍真理。TheEarthgoesaroundthesun.地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。Waterboilsat100℃.水在100攝氏度時(shí)沸騰。在連詞when,before,if,assoonas,until等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間和條件狀語從句中，常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來的動(dòng)作。IwillcallyouassoonasIarrive.我一到就會(huì)給你打。IfIfeelbetter,Iwillgowithyoutomorrow.明天如果我感覺好些的話，我會(huì)和你一起去。2．一般疑問句一般疑問句又稱作“Yes/Noquestion”，常用來詢問一件事情或一種情況是否屬實(shí)。一般疑問句的結(jié)構(gòu)是：be+主語+其他成分Isheinterestedinsports?他對(duì)體育感興趣嗎？Yes，heis．是的。他感興趣。助動(dòng)詞+主語+動(dòng)詞+其他成分Doeshewearauniformatwork?他工作時(shí)穿制服嗎？Yes．hedoes．是的，他穿制服的。HaveyoubeentoJapanyet?你去過日本了嗎？No，Ihaven't．不，我沒有?！净顚W(xué)活用4】1．Myphysicsteachertoldusthatlight_______fasterthansound.A．travels B．totravel C．traveling D．traveled2．Chinaisacountrywith_________populationintheworld.Aboutonefifthoftheworld’spopulation_________inChina.A．themost,is B．thelargest,are C．thelargest,is D．themost,are3．—DoesJack________aTVathome?—Yes,heoften________footballgamesonTV.A．has;watch B．have;watches C．has;watches D．have;watch4．—Theweatherreportsaysthatit________tomorrowinmostpartsofHarbincity.—Ifit________,theschoolsportsmeetingwillbeputoff.A．willrain;willrain B．willrain;rains C．rains;willrain5．—It’ssaidthatthisregion(區(qū)域)inFrance________someofthebestwine.Wouldyouliketotraveltheresomeday?—Sure,winesaremyfavorite.A．process B．products C．produces6．Thejacket________gowellwithyourpants.A．is B．isn’t C．does D．doesn’t7．—MustIfinishhomeworktoday?—No,you________.A．must B．can’t C．don’thave D．needn’t8．—________Jim________smallhands?—No,hehasbigones.A．Do;have B．Do;has C．Does;has D．Does;have9．—________yourmotherfreeattheweekend?—No.She________haslotsofworktodo.A．Does;always B．Is;always C．Does;seldom D．Is;seldom10．—Aretheseyour________?—Yes,________are.A．sisters;these B．sister;they C．sister;these D．sisters;they11．—Arethereanygirlsontheplayground?—________.Therearesomeboysonit.A．No,therearen’t B．Yes,thereare C．Yes,itis D．No,thereisn’tGrammar5：表示方位的介