考向1人與自然之自然景觀-2022年中考英語閱讀理解專項突破

專題四：人與自然備戰(zhàn)2022年中考英語閱讀理解專項突破考向1人與自然之自然景觀Passage1（2021·黑龍江大慶·中考真題）It’s2050.TheEarthisdying,andmovingtoMarsseemstobetheonlywayoutforhumans.AteamofAmericanastronauts(宇航員)begintosearchonMars.ThisiswhatthemovieRedPlanetbeginswith.KnownastheRedPlanet,Marsisthefavouriteofwritersandfilmmakers.MarsisthefourthplanetfromtheSunandthenextplanetbeyondtheEarth.MarsistheonlyplanetwhosesurfacecanbeseenfromtheEarth.Itisabouthalfsizeofourplanet.ThesurfaceofMarsismoreliketheEarththananyotherplanet.ButitisfurtherfromtheSunthantheEarth,sotemperaturesonMarsaremuchlower.PlantsandanimalscannotlivenowonMars.ButmanyscientistsstillbelievethatsuchlifemayhavebeenonMarslongago.On6thAugust,1996,scientistsdiscoveredapieceofrockfromMars,whichfelltotheEarth13,000yearsago.10yearslater,somescientistsstilldidn’tacceptthattherewaslifeonMars.PeoplemaynotbesureaboutlifeonMarsuntilasample(樣本)oflifeisbroughtback.Somefurtherresearchesarebeingdoneinmanycountries.Ifyouwanttoknowmore,pleaseclickspaceexploration.Choosetherightansweraccordingtothepassage.1．WhyisthemovieRedPlanetmentioned?A．Tointroducethetopic. B．ToadvisereaderstogotoMars.C．TopareMarswiththeEarth. D．TotellstoriesaboutAmericanastronauts.2．WhatdoweknowaboutMars?A．MarsisasbigastheEarthinsize.B．MarsisthefourthplanetfromtheEarth.C．ThesurfaceofMarsissimilartothatoftheEarth.D．MarsisoneoftheplanetswhosesurfacescanbeseenfromtheEarth.3．NolifeexistsonMarsbecause________.A．itistoosoft B．itistoofar C．itistoosmall D．itisloocold4．WhatdidscientistsfindfromMarsin1996?A．Someplants B．Someanimals C．Apieceofrock D．Somewater5．Thepassageismostprobablytakenfrom________.A．a(chǎn)notice B．a(chǎn)website C．a(chǎn)diary D．a(chǎn)tourguide【答案】1．A2．C3．D4．C5．B【分析】本文是一個網(wǎng)站介紹了有關火星的情況。1．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“ThisiswhatthemovieRedPlanetbeginswith.KnownastheRedPlanet,Marsisthefavouriteofwritersandfilmmakers”可知，提到這部電影是為了引出有關火星的主題，故選A。2．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“ThesurfaceofMarsismoreliketheEarththananyotherplanet”可知，火星的表面比其他任何行星更像地球，故選C。3．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“sotemperaturesonMarsaremuchlower.PlantsandanimalscannotlivenowonMars”可知，因為火星上的氣溫太低了，故選D。4．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“On6thAugust,1996,scientistsdiscoveredapieceofrockfromMars,whichfelltotheEarth13,000yearsago”可知，在1996年發(fā)現(xiàn)了一塊來自火星的巖石，故選C。5．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“pleaseclickspaceexploration”可知，這篇文章來自一個網(wǎng)站，故選B。Passage2（2021·江蘇宿遷·中考真題）Whenyourtownhaswinter,theearth’saxis(軸)ispointingawayfromthesun.Yourtowndoesn’tgetasmuchlightorheatfromthesun.Thedaysareshorterandcolder.Winterandsummerhappenbecausetheearthistilted(傾斜)asitrevolvesaroundthesun.Thenorthernendoftheearth’saxispointstowardsthesuninsummer.Youhavemorehoursoflightinsummer.Yourpartoftheearthistowardsthesunformorehourseachday.Whenthepartoftheearthwhereyouliveistowardsthesun,youhavehotterdays.Inwinter,whenyourpartoftheearthpointsawayfromthesun,youhavecolderdays.Youhavelearnedaboutwinterandsummer.Therearetwomoreseasonsintheyear.Oneesafterwinterandbeforesummer.Theotherseasonesaftersummerandbeforewinter.Canyounamethem?That’sright.Springesbetweenwinterandsummerandautumnesaftersummerbutbeforewinter.Thefourseasonsarespring,summer,autumnandwinter.Springandautumnareappositeseasons.Whichseasondoyoulikebest?Youhavethoughtaboutthefourseasonsoftheyear.Eachseasonisdifferent.Theseasonsaremadebythenorthernendoftheaxispointingtowardsorawayfromthesun.Yourpartoftheworldgetsmoreheatfromthesunwhenthenorthernendoftheaxispointstothesun.Whentheaxispointsawayfromthesun,yougetlessheat.Nowyouknowwhywinteriscolderthansummer.Theaxisispointingawayfromthesuninwinter.Itispointingtowardsthesuninsummer.6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“revolves”inparagraph2mean?A．Moves. B．Turns. C．Jumps. D．Sites.7．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Howfourseasonshappen. B．Howtheweatherchanges.C．Whentheearth’saxispointstowardsthesun. D．Whentheearth’saxispointsawayfromthesun.8．Wheredoesthepassageprobablyefrom?A．Afilmguide. B．Astorybook. C．Asciencemagazine. D．Abookreview.【答案】6．A7．A8．C【分析】這是一篇說明文，文章介紹的是四個季節(jié)是如何形成的。6．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)“theearthistilted…aroundthesun”可知表達地球繞著太陽旋轉，“revolve”指的是“移動”，與“move”同義。故選A。7．主旨大意題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Youhavethoughtaboutthefourseasonsoftheyear.Eachseasonisdifferent.Theseasonsaremadebythenorthernendoftheaxispointingtowardsorawayfromthesun”可知文章主要講述的是四季是如何形成的。故選A。8．推理判斷題。文章介紹地球繞著太陽旋轉，四季的形成，可推知來自科技雜志。故選C。Passage3（2021·黑龍江虎林·中考真題）Youehomeonahotsummerday,hopingtohaveacoolbath,butfindthereisnowater.Thenyouseehowimportantwaterisinyourdailylife.Whilesometimesyouhavetheidea,inmanypartsoftheworld,waterisnotjustaboutone’severydayneeds.IncountrieslikeTanzania,waterishardtoget,andthejobofcollectingwaterfallsonwomen’sshoulders.Girlsoftenhavetoleaveschooltocollectwater,whiletheirbrothersstayatschoolstudying.Thegirlsspendmoretimecollectingwater.Thatmeanstheyhavelesstimeforlearning.Forthesegirls,“KnowledgeisPower”isnotjustwords;it’sasadfactinreallife.Astheyspendlesstimeatschool,theyhavefewerchancesofgettinggoodjobs,andtheyoftenhavenochoicesonimportantmatters,likewhotomarry.Thesegirlsareoftenmarriedintopoorfamilies.Theyhavelittlemoneyorknowledgetotakecareoftheirchildren.Forthebabygirlswhoareluckyenoughtosurvive(生存),theirlifemaybestillaround“water”,justliketheirmothers’.Choosethebestchoiceaccordingtowhatyouread.9．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“theidea”mean?A．Waterisimportantinone’severydaylife.B．Waterisnotjustaboutone’severydayneeds.C．It’snicetohaveacoolbathonahotsummerday.10．Collectingwateris________job.A．men’s B．women’s C．boys’11．“KnowledgeisPower”is________forTanzaniangirls.A．notjustwords B．a(chǎn)sadfactinreallife C．bothAandB12．WhichisTRUEabouttheTanzanianwomenaccordingtothepassage?A．Theyhavemanychancesofgettinggoodjobs.B．Theyoftenhavechoicesonimportantmatters.C．Thebabygirls’lifemaybestilljustliketheirmothers’.13．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．ThegirlshaveahardlifeincountrieslikeTanzania.B．Whyit’simportanttosavewater.C．Howwatermaygiveacountrypower.【答案】9．A10．B11．C12．C13．A【分析】文章通過舉例坦桑尼亞這樣的極度缺水的國家來說明水是多么的重要在我們的生活中。9．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)“...Thenyouseehowimportantwaterisinyourdailylife.Whilesometimesyouhavetheidea,inmanypartsoftheworld,waterisnotjustaboutone’severydayneeds.”可知，當沒水洗澡的時候我們會意識到水是多么的重要，但在世界許多地方，水不僅僅是一個人的日常需要，所以此處的“theidea”指的是“水是多么的重要”這個想法，故選A。10．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“IncountrieslikeTanzania,waterishardtoget,andthejobofcollectingwaterfallsonwomen’sshoulders.”可知，收集水的工作落在婦女身上，故選B。11．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Forthesegirls,“KnowledgeisPower”isnotjustwords;it’sasadfactinreallife.”可知，對這些女孩來說，“知識就是力量”不僅僅是語言；在現(xiàn)實生活中這是一個可悲的事實。故選C。12．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Forthebabygirlswhoareluckyenoughtosurvive(生存),theirlifemaybestillaround“water”,justliketheirmothers’.”可知，對于那些有幸存活下來的女嬰來說，她們的生活可能仍然像她們的母親一樣，圍著“水”轉，故選C。13．推理判斷題。根據(jù)整個文章的理解可知，文章主要介紹在坦桑尼亞的女性的命運和水連在一起，女孩們在收集水的事情上花費的時間越多，她們越?jīng)]有時間學習，越?jīng)]有工作的機會，越?jīng)]有選擇權，而對于那些有幸存活下來的女嬰來說，她們的生活可能仍然像她們的母親一樣，圍著“水”轉，所以女孩們在坦桑尼亞這樣的國家過著艱苦的生活，故選A。Passage4（2021·湖北十堰·中考真題）Ariverisaflowing（流動的）,movingstreamofwater.Usuallyariverfeedswaterintoanocean,lake,pond,orevenanotherriver.Riverscandifferinsizeandthereisnostrictruleonhowbigaflowofwatermustbetobecalledasariver.Herearethefivelongestriversintheworld.TheNileRiverTheNileRiveris4,135mileslong.ItislocatedinthecontinentofAfrica,mostlyinthecountriesofEgyptandSudan.ItflowsnorthintotheMediterraneanSea.TheAmazonRiverTheAmazonRiveris3,980mileslong.ItislocatedinthecontinentofSouthAmericaandflowsthroughseveralcountriesincludingBrazil,Venezuela,Bolivia,andEcuador.ItendsattheAtlanticOcean.TheYangtzeRiverLocatedinChina,theYangtzeRiveris3,917mileslongandflowsintotheEastChinaSea.TheMississippiRiverandtheMissouriRiverTheriversystemoftheMississippiRiverandtheMissouriRiveristhelongestriversysteminNorthAmericaat3,902miles.ItflowssouthintotheGulfofMexico.TheYeniseiRiverTheYeniseiRiverstartsinMongoliaandflowsthroughRussiatotheKaraSeaintheArcticOcean.It’s3,445mileslong.Thereare76riversintheworldover1,000mileslong.Alotofpeoplethinkthatriversalwaysflowsouth,but4ofthe10longestriversintheworldflownorth.TheUnitedStatesalonehasaround3.5millionmilesofrivers.Fourofthetop10longestriversflowthroughChinaatsomepoint.14．TheNileRiveris_________longerthantheYangtzeRiver.A．155miles B．218miles C．233miles D．690miles15．Whichisthesecondlongestriverintheworld?A．TheNileRiver. B．TheMississippiRiver. C．TheYangtzeRiver. D．TheAmazonRiver.16．TheMississippiRiverendsat_________.A．theMediterraneanSea B．theEastChinaSeaC．theGulfofMexico D．theArcticOcean17．Accordingtothepassage,howmanyriversarethereintheworldover1,000mileslong?A．10. B．76. C．4. D．35.18．Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A．Funfactsaboutworldrivers.B．Inwhichdirectionmostriversflow.C．Riversover1,000mileslongintheworld.D．FourlongestriversflowingthroughChina.【答案】14．B15．D16．C17．B18．A【分析】本文主要介紹了世界上最長的五條河流——尼羅河、亞馬遜河、長江、密西西比河和葉尼塞河，以及一些河流的有趣事實。14．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“TheNileRiveris4,135mileslong.”和“theYangtzeRiveris3,917mileslong”可知，尼羅河比長江長218英里，故選B。15．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Herearethefivelongestriversintheworld.”和“TheAmazonRiver”可知，本文按順序介紹世界上五條最長的河，所以亞馬遜河是世界上第二長河，故選D。16．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“ItflowssouthintotheGulfofMexico.”可知，密西西比河向南流入墨西哥灣。故選C。17．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Thereare76riversintheworldover1,000mileslong.”可知，世界上有76條超過1000英里長的河流。故選B。18．主旨大意題。本文主要介紹了世界上最長的五條河流以及一些河流的事實。選項A“關于世界河流的有趣事實”符合主題，故選A。Passage5（2021·浙江衢州·中考真題）Thereareabout1.5millionkindsoflivingthingsonEarth,buthowmanydoyouseeeveryday?Youoftenseethebigcolourfulanimals,likebirds,rabbits,andfish.Butlookmoreclosely.Canyouseethesmallones,too?Insects（昆蟲）makeup80percentofalltheworld’slivingkinds.Lookontheground.Imagineyoucouldlookundertheground,too.Manysmalllivingthingswithonecelllivethere.Lifeiseverywherearoundus,ineverycubicfoot(afoot=12inches).DavidLittschwagerisaphotographerwhowantedtofindouthowmanylivingthingslivedinonecubicfoot.Sohemadea12inchcubewithagreenmetalframe.Andthenheputitinfivehabitats（棲息地）.Hechoseatropicalrainforest（CostaRica）,acoralreef（PacificOcean),theTableMountain(SouthAfrica),afreshwaterriver(USA),andasmallpark(NewYork).Threeweekswerespentateachplace.Hewatched,counted,andtookphotosofeverythingdowntoImillimeterinsize—thatcrawled（爬）orflewintothecube.Theresultswereamazing.Liittschwagerfoundbothmonandrarelivingthings.Hediscoveredmanynewlivingkinds,likeastrangetransparentoctopusthatisthesizeofafingernail!Intotal,morethanathousandlivingthingswerephotographed.LiittchwagersaidtheOneCubicFootexperiencewaslike“findingtreasure”.DavidLiittschwageralsofoundthatthehighestbiodiversity（生物多樣性）inthereefwasintheskeletoncoral（珊瑚遺骨）.Theseskeletoncoralaresuitableforsealivingthingsofallsizestogrow.Althoughthecoralreefhadthewidestrangeofbiodiversity,alltheotherhabitatswerefulloflife.Eventhecitypark!19．Whatdoes“onecubicfoot”meaninParagraph2?A．1inchx1inch B．1inchx1inchxlinchC．12inchesx12inches D．12inchesx12inchesx12inches20．WhatdidDavidLiittschwagerthinkoftheOneCubicFootexperience?A．Itwasvaluable. B．Itwasdifferent. C．Itwassimple. D．Itwasmon.21．Whichhabitathasthemostbiodiversity?A．Thetropicalrainforest. B．Thecoralreef. C．TheTableMountain. D．Thecitypark.22．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．LifeIsEverywhere B．FindTreasureinNatureC．FiveHabitatstoLivein D．AStoryofDavidLittschwager【答案】19．D20．A21．B22．A【分析】文章介紹了地球上大約有150萬種生物，但你每天能看到多少種？生命無處不在，一位攝影師大衛(wèi)·利特施瓦格，他想知道一立方英尺有多少生物，并做了相應的實驗，以及對他的實驗的情況介紹。19．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Sohemadea12inchcubewithagreenmetalframe.”可知，他做了一個12英寸的立方體，應該是長寬高都是12英寸，故選D。20．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Theresultswereamazing.Liittschwagerfoundbothmonandrarelivingthings.”可知，他認為實驗的結果是令人驚訝的，他發(fā)現(xiàn)了普通和稀有的生物，所以說這個實驗應該是有價值的，故選A。21．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“DavidLiittschwageralsofoundthatthehighestbiodiversity（生物多樣性）inthereefwasintheskeletoncoral（珊瑚遺骨）...Althoughthecoralreefhadthewidestrangeofbiodiversity”可知，珊瑚礁有最廣泛的生物多樣性，故選B。22．最佳標題題。根據(jù)“Thereareabout1.5millionkindsoflivingthingsonEarth...Lifeiseverywherearoundus,ineverycubicfoot”以及整個文章的理解可知，主要通過攝影師大衛(wèi)·利特施瓦格的實驗告訴我們，生命無處不在，故選A。Passage6（2021·浙江寧波·中考真題）Haveyoueverenteredatropicalrainforest(熱帶雨林)?RainforestsmakeuponlyasmallpartoftheEarth’ssurface,aboutsixpercent,buttherearemorekindsoftreesthananyotherareainthewholeworld.TropicalrainforestsareinAfrica,Asia,CentralandSouthAmerica,Australia,andonthePacificislands.ThelargesttropicalrainforestistheAmazon(亞馬遜)RainforestinSouthAmerica,whichcovers1.2billionacres,oralmostfivemillionsquarekilometres.ThesecondlargestrainforestisinWesternAfrica.Rainforestsprovideuswithmanythings.Infact,theAmazonRainforestisthe“l(fā)ungsofourplanet”becauseitproduces20%oftheworld’soxygen(氧氣).Onefifthoftheworld’sfreshwaterisalsofoundintheAmazonRainforest.Furthermore,onehalfoftheworld’sspeciesofanimals,plantsandinsectsliveintheEarth’srainforests.80%ofthefoodweeatfirstgrewintherainforest.25%ofthedrugswetakewhenwearesickaremadeofplantsthatgrowonlyinrainforests.Someofthesedrugsareevenusedtofightandcurecancer.Therearefourdifferentlevelsoftreesinarainforest.Theforestflooristhelowestlayerfullofanimallifeandreceivestheleastamountoflight.Theunderstoreyisthedark,coolenvironmentundertheleavesbutovertheground.Thecanopylayeristheupperpartsofmostofthetrees.Theemergentlayercontainsasmallnumberofverytalltrees.Thesedifferentpartsofarainforestexisttogethertocreateanecosystemformanyanimals,plantsandhumanbeings.23．Thispassageismainlyabout________.A．kindsofforest B．whererainforestsareC．factsaboutrainforests D．howmuchoxygenrainforestsmake24．TheAmazonRainforestprovidesuswith________percentoftheworld’soxygen.A．twenty B．twentyfive C．fifty D．eighty25．Wherecanweprobablyfindatropicalrainforestaccordingtothepassage?A．InFrance. B．InChina. C．InCanada. D．InBritain.26．Whichistherightpicturetoshowfourdifferentlevelsoftreesinarainforest?A．B．C．D．【答案】23．C24．A25．B26．D【分析】本文主要介紹熱帶雨林的一切情況，包括最大的熱帶雨林，雨林的用途以及熱帶雨林的分層。23．主旨大意題。結合全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要介紹了熱帶雨林的一些情況，故選C。24．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“theAmazonRainforestisthe“l(fā)ungsofourplanet”becauseitproduces20%oftheworld’soxygen.”可知，亞馬遜雨林為我們提供了世界上20%的氧氣，故選A。25．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“TropicalrainforestsareinAfrica,Asia,CentralandSouthAmerica,Australia,andonthePacificislands.”可知，熱帶雨林分布在非洲、亞洲、中南美洲、澳大利亞和太平洋島嶼上，中國屬于亞洲，所以我們可能在中國能找到熱帶雨林，故選B。26．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Therearefourdifferentlevelsoftreesinarainforest.Theforestflooristhelowestlayer…Theunderstoreyisthedark,coolenvironment…Thecanopylayeristheupperpartsofmostofthetrees.Theemergentlayercontainsasmallnumberofverytalltrees.”可知，雨林中有四種不同層次的樹木。地面層是充滿動物生命的最低層，接收的光線最少，灌木層是樹葉下面的陰暗涼爽的環(huán)境，但是在地面上，樹冠層是大部分樹木的頂部，露生層包含了一小部分高大的樹木。根據(jù)圖示，故選D。Passage7（2021·浙江金華·中考真題）Theworldisfullofamazingnature,buildings,technologyanddiscoveries.Somearemanmadeandothershappennaturally.MusicalroadInJapan,thereareroadsthatplaymusicascarstraveloverthem.Grooves（溝）arecarefullycutintothesurfaceoftheroad.Thespacesbetweenthegroovesmakedifferentmusicascarstouchthem.Thecloserthegrovesare,thelouderthemusicwillbe..BicycleinthetreeOnVashonIsland,Washington,abikeisseenhighupinatree.Thebikeisnothangingonabranch（樹枝）—itisfixedinthetreeandthetreehascontinuedgrowingupwards.Thetreegrowsaroundthebikeinsteadofpushingitover,makingitpartofitsgrowth.UndergroundcityInCappadocia,Turkey,amanknockeddownawallofhishomeanddiscoveredahugeundergroundcity.Ithasmanytunnels（隧道）,roomsandwells.Thousandsofshafts（通風井）bringairtoeventhedeepestlevels.Thecityishugeenoughfor200peopleandtheiranimalstolivein.27．Accordingtothepassage,themusicalroadplaysmusicbecause________.A．theroadishugeenough B．carsarerunningveryfastC．carstouchthespacesbetweenthegrooves D．thereisapianoontheroad28．Whatmakesthetreesoamazing?A．It’shighupinthesky. B．Itpushesabikeover.C．Abikehangsonitsbranch. D．Itcontinuesgrowingwithabikeinside.29．Inwhichpartofamagazinecanwemostprobablyreadthispassage?A．Travel. B．Technology. C．Education. D．Health.【答案】27．C28．D29．A【分析】本文介紹了令人驚嘆的位于日本的音樂之路，位于華盛頓的樹上的自行車以及土耳其的地下城市。27．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中“Thespacesbetweenthegroovesmakedifferentmusicascarstouchthem.”可知，在汽車接觸凹槽之間的空間時發(fā)出不同的音樂。故選C。28．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中“Thetreegrowsaroundthebikeinsteadofpushingitover,makingitpartofitsgrowth.”可知，這棵樹令人驚奇，是因為這棵樹圍繞著自行車生長，使自行車成為它生長的一部分。故選D。29．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Theworldisfullofamazingnature,buildings,technologyanddiscoveries.Somearemanmadeandothershappennaturally.”結合本文主要介紹了令人驚嘆的位于日本的音樂之路，位于華盛頓的樹上的自行車以及土耳其的地下城市，內(nèi)容與旅行有關，可推測，本文應該會出現(xiàn)在雜志的Travel部分。故選A。Passage8（2021·江蘇連云港·中考真題）Youmighthaveseenbeautifulrainbowsintheskybefore.Theyformwhensunlightfallsonwaterdropsintheair.Butinfact,moonlightcanalsocreaterainbowsinthesameway.Theyarecalled“moonbows”.Theyaresimilartorainbows,buttheyarecreatedbymoonlightinsteadofdirectsunlight.Moonbowsarerarerthanrainbows.Differentweatherandastronomical（天文學的）conditionshavetobejustrightformoonbowstobecreated.Themoonhastobeverylowintheskyonly42degreesfromthehorizon（地平線）.Themoonperiodhastobeafullmoonornearlyfull.Theskymustbeverydarkforamoonbowtobewatchedclearlyanybrightlightcanobscureit.Waterdropsmustappearintheairintheoppositedirectionofthemoon.Moonbowsappearontheoppositesideofthemoonandusuallylookwhitetothehumaneye.Thisisbecausetheircolorsarenotbrightenoughtobenoticedbythehumaneye.Itispossible,however,toviewthecolorsinamoonbowusinglongexposure（長時間曝光）photography.Moonbowsmoreoftenappearinsomelocationsaroundtheworld.Mostoftheselocationsusuallyhavewaterfalls,whichcreatethinfogintheair.SomeoftheselocationsaretheYosemiteNationalParkinCaliforniaandCumberlandFallsStateResortParkinKentucky,US;VictoriaFallsontheborderofZambiaandZimbabwe;andWaimeainHawaii,US.Moonbowsdoreallyhappen.Soatacertaintimeandacertainplace,whenamoonbowhappenstoappear,youcan’tmissitifyou’rerightthere.30．Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,moonbowsare________.A．createdbysunlight B．mucheasiertofindC．seenduringtheday D．moredifficulttoform31．Whichofthefollowingcanbetheconditionsforamoonbowtoform?A．Ahalfmoonhangshighinthebrightsky.B．Afullmoonis50degreesfromthehorizon.C．Anearlyfullmoonhangslowinthedarksky.D．Waterdropsareintheoppositedirectionofthesun.32．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“obscure”inparagraph3probablymean?A．cover B．drop C．connect D．produce33．Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?A．Conditionsofmoonbows. B．Backgroundofmoonbows.C．Locationsofmoonbows. D．Developmentofmoonbows.【答案】30．D31．C32．A33．C【分析】文章介紹了罕見的月虹形成的原因，條件等。30．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Moonbowsarerarerthanrainbows.Differentweatherandastronomical（天文學的）conditionshavetobejustrightformoonbowstobecreated.”可知，月虹比彩虹少見，更難形成，故選D。31．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Themoonhastobeverylowintheskyonly42degreesfromthehorizon（地平線）.Themoonperiodhastobeafullmoonornearlyfull.Theskymustbeverydarkforamoonbowtobewatchedclearly”可知，月亮在天空中必須非常低，離地平線只有42度。月亮周期必須是滿月或接近滿月。天空一定很暗，才能清楚地看到月虹，故選C。32．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)“Theskymustbeverydarkforamoonbowtobewatchedclearlyanybrightlightcanobscureit.”可知，天空一定很暗，才能清楚地看到月虹，任何光線都能遮住它，所以單詞“obscure”指的是“遮住，覆蓋”，故選A。33．主旨大意題。根據(jù)“Moonbowsmoreoftenappearinsomelocationsaroundtheworld.”可知，這里介紹的是能夠容易出現(xiàn)月虹的一些地方，故選C。Passage9（2021·浙江嘉興·中考真題）Thenaturalworldiscolorfulwithhumans,plantsandanimalsshowingdifferentcolors.Humanskincanbemanydifferentcolorsanditchangeswiththesun,ourfeelingsorourhealthforexample.Thisisbecauseofpigments(色素),whichreflectlightandmakewhattheeyeseesascolors.So,whenwefeelexcitedorangry,ourheartcansendmorebloodtothefaceandthepigmentsintheskinbeered.Thisiswhywehavetheexpressionthatsomeone“seesred”whentheyareangry.Plantsalsohavepigments.Colorisimportantforthemtoliveon.Thebrightcolorsofflowerscatchtheattentionofinsects(昆蟲),whichthencarrytheirpollen(花粉)fromoneflowertoanother.Beescanseecolorswecannot,andtheyfollowthesetotheinsideoftheflower.Withoutbeesvisitingflowersinthisway,manyplantswoulddieout.Animalsalsousecolorfortheirownneed.Theyprotectthemselveswithdifferentcolorssoasnottobeseenbypredators.Thesnowshoehareforexample,atypeofwildrabbit,changescolorwithseasonsforthisreason.Duringsummeritisabrowncolor,andinwinteritiswhitesothatitcanhideinthesnow.However,someanimalsusecolorasawarningtomakepredatorsstayaway.Brightcolorssuchasyellowandredareoftenusedinthisway.Nature,however,isveryclever,andpredatorsalsousecolorstoattract(吸引)theanimalstheyfeedon.So,wecanseethattheremaybemanydifferentreasonsandusesforcolorsinthenaturalworld.Someusesofcolorinnatureremainunknown,butonethingisforsure,colornotonlymakesourplanetbeautifulbutitisalsonecessaryforourplanettoliveon.34．Paragraph2mainlytellsusthat________is/arethecausethatmakeshumanskinchangecolor.A．feelings B．pigments C．blood D．sunshine35．AccordingtoParagraph3,plantscanuse________toattractinsects.A．leaves B．fruits C．pollen D．color36．Theunderlinedword“predators”inParagraph4referstoanimalswhich________.A．hideinsecretplaces B．killotheranimalsforfoodC．changecolorwiththesun D．protectthemselvesfromdanger37．Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A．Todescribeanimals’waysoflife. B．Toencourageustostudycolorinnature.C．Tointroducetheusesofcolorsforlifeonearth. D．Toexplaintheimportanceofprotectingourplanet.【答案】34．B35．D36．B37．C【分析】自然界中有不同的顏色，這些顏色不僅使我們的星球美麗，在自然界中，顏色有許多不同的原因和用途，它是我們的星球生存的必要。34．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Thisisbecauseofpigments(色素),whichreflectlightandmakewhattheeyeseesascolors.”可知，人的皮膚可以有很多不同的顏色，這是因為色素反射光線，使眼睛看到的東西變成了顏色。故選B。35．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Thebrightcolorsofflowerscatchtheattentionofinsects(昆蟲),whichthencarrytheirpollen(花粉)fromoneflowertoanother.”可知，植物用花朵鮮艷的顏色吸引昆蟲。故選D。36．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)語境“Theyprotectthemselveswithdifferentcolorssoasnottobeseenbypredators.”可知，動物用不同的顏色保護自己，由此可推知predators指的是“以某種動物為食的動物”，B選項“殺死其他動物作為食物”符合語境，故選B。37．推理判斷題。短文第一段介紹自然界中有各種各樣的顏色，第二、三、四段分別介紹了人類、植物和動物對顏色的使用；最后一段總結了顏色在自然界中的重要性。C選項“介紹顏色對地球上生命的作用”符合文意，故選C。Passage10（2020·江蘇宿遷·中考真題）Antarctica（南極洲）isatthesouthernendoftheEarth.Itisthecoldest,driestandwindiestplaceonourplanet.Whatwoulditbeliketoliveandworkthere?OnOct15,50Chineseresearcherstookas