高考總復(fù)習(xí)英語（人教版）課時(shí)作業(yè)16

課時(shí)作業(yè)(十六)一．閱讀理解體裁話題難度指數(shù)建議用時(shí)正確率議論文如何成為科學(xué)家★★★7′____/4Whatmakesapersonascientist？Doeshehavewaysortoolsoflearningthataredifferentfromthoseofothers？Theansweris“no”．Itisn’tthetoolsascientistusesbuthowheusesthesetoolsthatmakeshimascientist.Youwillprobablyagreethatknowinghowtouseapowertoolisimportanttoacarpenter.Youwillprobablyagree，too，thatknowinghowtoinvestigate，howtodiscoverinformation，isimportanttoeveryone.Thescientist，however，goesonestepfurther；hemustbesurethathehasareasonableanswertohisquestionsandthathisanswerhegetstomanyquestionsisintoalargesetofideasabouthowtheworldworks.Thescientist’sknowledgemustbeexact.There’snoroomforhalfrightorrightjusthalfthetime.Hemustbeasnearlyrightastheconditionspermit.Whatworksunderonesetofconditionsatonetimemustworkunderthesameconditionsatothertimes.Iftheconditionsaredifferent，anychangesthescientistobservesinademonstrationmustbeexplainedbythechangesintheconditions.Thisisonereasonwhyinvestigationsareimportantinscience.AlbertEinstein，whodevelopedtheTheoryofRelativity，arrivedatthistheorythroughmathematics.Theaccuracyofhismathematicswaslatertestedthroughinvestigation.Einstein’sideaswereprovedtobecorrect.Ascientistusesmanytoolsformeasurements.Thenthemeasurementsareusedtomakemathematicalcalculationsthatmaytesthisinvestigations.1．Whatmakesascientistaccordingtothepassage?A．Thetoolsheuses. B．Hiswaysoflearning.C．Thewayheuseshistools. D．Thevarioustoolsheuses.2．“...knowinghowtoinvestigate，howtodiscoverinformation，isimportanttoeveryone.”Thewritersaysthistoshow________.A．theimportanceofinformationB．thedifferencebetweenscientistsandordinarypeopleC．theimportanceofthinkingD．thedifferencebetweencarpentersandordinarypeople3．Asoundscientifictheoryshouldbeonethat________.A．worksunderonesetofconditionsatonetimeandalsoworksunderthesameconditionsatothertimesB．leavesnoroomforimprovementC．doesn’tallowanychangeevenunderdifferentconditionsD．canbeusedformanypurposes4．Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A．Scientistsaredifferentfromordinarypeople.B．TheTheoryofRelativity.C．Exactnessisthecoreofscience.D．Exactnessandwayofusingtoolsarethekeystomakingofascientist.[語篇解讀]文章主要說明了如何成為一個(gè)科學(xué)家，這主要看兩點(diǎn)：一是如何利用工具，二是準(zhǔn)確性。1．解析：選C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段中的“Itisn’tthetoolsascientistusesbuthowheusesthesetoolsthatmakeshimascientist.”可知，答案選C項(xiàng)。2．解析：選C推理判斷題。第一段第六句強(qiáng)調(diào)知道怎樣去調(diào)查、去獲取信息，即一種思考的過程，暗示思維的重要性。3．解析：選A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段第四句可知一個(gè)正確的科學(xué)理論應(yīng)該是有廣泛適用性的。4．解析：選D主旨大意題。文章第一段主要講述了合理利用工具的重要性，第二段主要說明了準(zhǔn)確的重要性。故選D。二．完形填空體裁話題難度指數(shù)建議用時(shí)正確率記敘文特別的“分享”★★★★15′____/20BobWeiserhadbeendrivingforUberformorethansixmonthswhenaconversationwithanoldfriendsparked(引發(fā)，觸發(fā)；冒火花)theidea.Everyonethatrodeinhiscarhadastorytotell，a__1__lifeexperienceorsomewisdomthey’dpickedupalongtheway.Whatifhecouldcollect“asliceof__2__”fromeachofthehundredsofpeople__3__inhiscar，whoseonlyknown__4__wasthattheyorderedanUberinChicagoandhadBobWeiser__5__themupinhiscar?BobWeiser，aged66，isa__6__pilotwhostarteddrivingforUberlastyearasawaytokeep__7__.“Youneverreallyretire，andyoualwayshavetodosomething，”hesaid.He__8__ablacknotebook.Ontheinsidecover，hewrote“Itbelongstoallthatreaditwitha(n)__9__heartandmind.”Now，whenpassengersgetinhiscar，he’llpassthemthe__10__andaskifthey’dtakeamomenttowritesomethinginit.Hehas__11__morethan800entries(條目)frompassengersfromallovertheworld.Weiser__12__onewomanwhowroteMahatmaGandhi’s“Bethechangeyouwanttoseeintheworld.”Thensheflipped(瀏覽)backand__13__someoneelsehadusedthesamequote.Shetoldhimshewas__14__andhesaidtoher，“No，that’sokay.That’sthetypeofenergythathasbeeninthis__15__，nothingbutgoodenergy.”Afterhispassengerswrite__16__they’llflipthroughthepages，__17__alltheadviceandsentiments(情緒)sharedbythepassengerswhocamebeforethem.Heflipsthroughithimselffromtimetotime；italways__18__himselfthatpeoplehavesomuchwarmthandpositivityto__19__.Noonehaswrittenanything__20__，andonlyahandfulhaveturnedhimdown，mostlybecausetheyhavemotionsickness(暈動(dòng)病)．1．A．unique B．heroicC．sad D．meaningless2．A．history B．a(chǎn)dviceC．trick D．life3．A．performing B．ridingC．quarreling D．sleeping4．A．requirement B．connectionC．a(chǎn)bility D．hobby5．A．lift B．coverC．tie D．pick6．A．former B．dyingC．young D．proud7．A．a(chǎn)live B．quietC．a(chǎn)wake D．busy8．A．stole B．purchasedC．invented D．donated9．A．open B．brokenC．normal D．simple10．A．a(chǎn)lbum B．notebookC．novel D．magazine11．A．borrowed B．readC．received D．collected12．A．loved B．a(chǎn)dmiredC．recalled D．married13．A．saw B．insistedC．blamed D．sensed14．A．disappointed B．worriedC．embarrassed D．bored15．A．vehicle B．countryC．house D．station16．A．a(chǎn)nything B．everythingC．something D．nothing17．A．wipingoff B．puttingdownC．takingin D．pickingout18．A．a(chǎn)muses B．jokesC．satisfies D．a(chǎn)stonishes19．A．store B．shareC．save D．seek20．A．valuable B．surprisingC．negative D．secret[語篇解讀]本文講述了BobWeiser退休后開優(yōu)步，突發(fā)奇想讓乘客在筆記本上分享建議或感言，讓乘客和自己都充滿了正能量的故事。1．解析：選A考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)語境及常識(shí)可知，每個(gè)坐他車的人講述的生活經(jīng)歷應(yīng)該是有所不同的，是“獨(dú)特的”。unique獨(dú)特的；heroic英勇的；sad悲傷的；meaningless無意義的。2．解析：選D考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)“Everyonethatrodeinhiscarhadastorytotell，a__1__lifeexperience”可知，應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)。asliceoflife現(xiàn)實(shí)生活的片斷，生活的一個(gè)側(cè)面。3．解析：選B考查同詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。根據(jù)上文中的“rodeinhiscar”可知，應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)。應(yīng)注意此處使用了現(xiàn)在分詞短語作后置定語。4．解析：選B考查名詞辨析。坐他車的人都是陌生人，因此此處是說和他唯一的已知聯(lián)系是：他們預(yù)訂了Uber，讓他來接他們。5．解析：選D考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。pickup意為“讓人乘車，搭載，(開車)接人”，符合語境。6．解析：選A考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)第7空后面的“Youneverreallyretire，andyoualwayshavetodosomething”可知，BobWeiser現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)退休了，因此應(yīng)該選A項(xiàng)。former意為“昔日的，以前的”，符合語境。7．解析：選D考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)下文中的“Youneverreallyretire，andyoualwayshavetodosomething”可知，Weiser開優(yōu)步就是為了有事情做，為了讓自己忙起來。8．解析：選B考查動(dòng)詞辨析。Weiser買來了一個(gè)黑色的筆記本。steal偷；purchase購買；invent發(fā)明；donate捐贈(zèng)。9．解析：選A考查形容詞辨析。能夠愿意在筆記本上分享自己的感言或經(jīng)歷的應(yīng)該是心胸開闊、性格開朗的人。故選A。10．解析：選B考查同詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。根據(jù)上文中的“ablacknotebook”可知，應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)。11．解析：選D考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)后面的“morethan800entries(條目)frompassengersfromallovertheworld”可知，BobWeiser現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)收集了800多個(gè)條目了。第2空前的“collect”也是提示，故選D。12．解析：選C考查動(dòng)詞辨析?？蘸竺媸荁obWeiser回憶的內(nèi)容，因此應(yīng)該選C。13．解析：選A考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)“Thensheflipped(瀏覽)back”可知，此處是說她瀏覽別人寫的東西時(shí)看見有人引用的跟自己的一樣。14．解析：選C考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)“__13__someoneelsehadusedthesamequote”可知，那位女士發(fā)現(xiàn)自己引用的和別人的一樣，所以感到很尷尬。embarrassed尷尬的，窘迫的。15．解析：選A考查名詞辨析。選項(xiàng)中只有A項(xiàng)與文中出現(xiàn)過的“car”是同類詞。此處是說這個(gè)車?yán)锩娉錆M了正能量，這也是在安慰那位女士。16．解析：選C考查不定代詞辨析。此處是說乘客寫完一些東西之后會(huì)瀏覽筆記本。something“某事”，符合語境。17．解析：選C考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。根據(jù)語境可知，乘客在瀏覽的時(shí)候會(huì)吸收他人所分享的內(nèi)容。wipeoff清除掉；putdown寫下；takein吸入，領(lǐng)會(huì)；pickout選出。18．解析：選D考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)“peoplehavesomuchwarmthandpositivityto__19__”可知，瀏覽筆記本發(fā)現(xiàn)人們那么熱情，那么充滿著積極性，這讓他感到驚奇。19．解析：選B考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)語境可知，此處是說人們有很多溫暖和積極性要分享。20．解析：選C考查形容詞辨析。本句是雙重否定句，選項(xiàng)中與positivity意義相反的只有C項(xiàng)。本句表示“沒有一個(gè)人寫過消極的內(nèi)容”。三．語法填空體裁話題難度指數(shù)建議用時(shí)正確率說明文“90后”的擇業(yè)觀★★★★8′____/10Membersofthepost-1990generationlookingforworkapplyformultiplepositionsandholdhighexpectationsofthejobs.Theyareparticularaboutemploymentanditwasmonforthem__1__(break)appointmentsforjobinterviews.Theonlychildischaracteristicofthemostofthefamiliessince1990.Hisorherlivingconditionhas__2__(great)improvedfromthatofthepost-1980andpost-1970generations.Theydon’texperiencemuchpressureinlifesotheypaycloserattentionto__3__(person)preferencesandinterestswhen__4__(hunt)forajob.Theydonotcareabouttheamountofmoneytheymake.__5__，theworkingenvironment，thehappinesstheygetfromtheirworkandrespectfromothersarethefirstthreethings__6__mattermost.Asthesayinggoes，second__7__(think)arethebest.Thepost-1990generationdoesnotthinktwiceaboutleavingintheirfirstyearofwork.Iftheyloseinterestinajoborarenotclearabouttheirfuturecareerpath，they__8__(quit)easily.Membersofthegenerationarealsomoreself-centered.Theywantmoretimefor__9__(they)andarenotwillingtoworkovertime.Theirattitudetolifeismorecasual.Thisgenerationisverysensitiveandhasalotofself-respect，__10__theemployersneedtobeconcernedabouttheirtemperaments(性情)andwaysofmunication.[語篇解讀]本文是說明文。本文主要介紹了中國當(dāng)下的“90后”找工作時(shí)所秉承的原則和態(tài)度，以及產(chǎn)生這種價(jià)值觀的原因。1．解析：tobreak考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。itis/wasmonforsb.todosth.是固定用法，故填tobreak。2．解析：greatly考查副詞。修飾動(dòng)詞improved應(yīng)用副詞形式，故填greatly，表示“極大地”。3．解析：personal考查形容詞。修飾名詞preferences和interests應(yīng)用形容詞形式，故填personal。4．解析：hunting考查省略。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句為時(shí)間狀語從句。在時(shí)間和條件狀語從句中，當(dāng)從句主語和主句主語一致，且從句中含有be時(shí)，從句常省略主語和be。此處完整形式為“...whentheyarehuntingforajob.”。5．解析：Instead考查副詞?？崭袂爸v“他們不在意能賺多少錢”，空格后講“工作環(huán)境、從工作中獲得的幸福感和來自別人的尊重最重要”。前后有語義上的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，且更偏重于“反而，取而代之”，故填I(lǐng)nstead。6．解析：that考查關(guān)系代詞。本句為定語從句，先行詞為thefirstthreethings，在從句中作主語，只能用that引導(dǎo)。7．解析：thoughts考查名詞?？崭窈笾^語動(dòng)詞是are，由此可知主語應(yīng)為名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填thoughts。本句意為：常言道，三思而后行。8．解析：willquit考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。本句意為：如果他們對(duì)工作失去興趣或不清楚未來職業(yè)發(fā)展道路，他們將輕易放棄。此處填willquit表示將來的情況。9．解析：themselves考查代詞。根據(jù)句意來看，此處指他們想留給自己更多的時(shí)間，由此可知，此處應(yīng)用反身代詞，故填themselves。10．解析：so考查連詞?？崭袂爸v“這一代人非常敏感，自尊心強(qiáng)”，空格后講“雇主們需要考慮這一代人的性情……”，前后兩句存在因果關(guān)系，故填so。四．短文改錯(cuò)Takingpartsinrecreationactivitieshelpuskeepfit.Therearevariouskindsofactivityinourdailylife，forexample，listeningtomusic，watchingTV，playingchess，orgoingtocinema.ButIthinkwe’dbettertohavemoreoutdooractiv