課時(shí)03.數(shù)詞介詞-2023中考英語四輪總復(fù)習(xí)（學(xué)生版）

第三課時(shí)介詞和數(shù)詞介詞是歷年中考的必考點(diǎn)，介詞的考查主要集中在基本用法和習(xí)慣搭配上。常見考點(diǎn)如下：①介詞辨析②介詞的固定搭配(“動(dòng)詞＋介詞”；“形容詞＋介詞”；“介詞＋a/an/the/his/Jim’s＋名詞”)考點(diǎn)一表示時(shí)間的介詞1.at多用于具體鐘點(diǎn)前,如:atseven,ataquartertoone;也可用于固定搭配中,如:atnoon,atnight。2.in表示一段時(shí)間,用于年、月、世紀(jì)、四季或泛指的一天的上午、下午、晚上等前。如:inthetwentyfirstcentury在21世紀(jì),inautumn在秋天,inthemorning在早上;還可用于表示“從現(xiàn)在起,多長時(shí)間以后或多久之后”的短語中。3.on主要用在星期幾、具體某一天或具體某一天的早、中、晚或節(jié)日前。如:ontheMidAutumnFestival在中秋節(jié)onJune1st在6月1日4.since,from和for介詞含義及用法例句since指從某時(shí)一直延續(xù)至今,后常接時(shí)間點(diǎn),句子用完成時(shí)。Hehaslivedheresince1993.從1993年開始他一直住在這里。from說明開始時(shí)間,可用過去、現(xiàn)在、將來的某種時(shí)態(tài)。Fromnowon,IwilllearnEnglisheverymorning.從今以后,每天早晨我將學(xué)英語。for指動(dòng)作延續(xù)貫穿整個(gè)過程,后接時(shí)間段,句子用完成時(shí)。IhavestudiedEnglishforsixyears.我已經(jīng)學(xué)英語六年了。題組訓(xùn)練用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空①M(fèi)other’sDayisthesecondSundayinMay.

②Weusuallygettoschool7:40inthemorning.

③Herbirthdayiswinter,themostbeautifulseasoninayear.

④UncleWanghasworkedinthefactorytwentyyears.

⑤—Howsoonwillheeback?—amonth.

考點(diǎn)二表示方位的介詞1.表示方位的in,on和toin表示在某一地區(qū)之內(nèi)(屬于該范圍);on表示與某地的毗鄰關(guān)系;to表示在某一地區(qū)之外(不屬于該范圍)。如:FujianProvinceisinthesoutheastofChina.福建省位于中國的東南部。ChinaistothewestofJapan.中國在日本的西邊。2.over,above和on的用法(1)over有“正上方”“越過”“覆蓋在上面”之意。Thereisabridgeovertheriver.這條河上有一座橋。(2)above指在上方,不一定表示正上方。如:Raiseyourhandsaboveyourhead.把你的手舉過你的頭。(3)on指在上面,表示兩物體接觸。如:Thereisacuponthetable.桌子上有一個(gè)杯子。圖示記憶3.at,in和on的用法(1)at與較小的地點(diǎn)連用。如:atthebusstop,athome(2)in與較大的地點(diǎn)連用。如:inChina,intheworld(3)on表示在一個(gè)平面上。如:onthefarm4.infrontof,inthefrontof和before(1)infrontof表示“在……的前面”(范圍外)。如:Therearesometreesinfrontoftheclassroom.教室前面有一些樹。(2)inthefrontof表示“在……的前部”(范圍內(nèi))。如:Puttheshortestflowersinthefrontofthebunch.把最短的花放在花束的靠前位置。(3)before所表示的位置關(guān)系和infrontof相同,表示“在……前面”。如:Hesitsbeforeme.他坐在我前面。5.below,underbelow表示“在……下方或位置低于……”,不一定有垂直在下之意;under表示“在……正下方”。如:Thecoatreachesbelowtheknees.這件外套到了膝蓋下面。Hehidunderthebed.他藏在床底下。1.(2020福建,21)TheChinesesurveyteamremeasuredQomolangmasuccessfullyMay27,2020.

A.inB.onC.at2.(2019福建,22)—Isthatyourheadmaster?—Youmeanthemanblue?

A.onB.withC.in3.(2018福建,21)IwillgiveaTshirtmybrotherasabirthdaypresent.

A.byB.toC.from4.(2017福建,22)ChinasuccessfullyhostedtheBeltandRoadForumMay,2017.

A.onB.inC.by5.(2021龍巖二模,21)Lilyhelpedanoldwomanherwaytoschool.

A.onB.atC.in6.(2021南平二模,22)WorldBookDayiscelebratedApril23rdinmostcountries.

A.onB.inC.at7.(2021寧德二模,19)Asweknow,morethan80%ofChina’scottonisproducedXinjiangtheseyears.

A.inB.byC.for8.(2020福州質(zhì)檢,23)—Doyouknowthegirllonghair?

—Yes.SheisKate.A.inB.withC.behind9.(2020龍巖質(zhì)檢,21)—MayIhaveaseatthewindow?

—OK.A.byB.onC.in10.(2017福建,84)SoitisaspecialholidayChinesepeopletoshowloveandrespectfortheirelders.

11.(2021泉州二模,83)Ifthepeopleweredissatisfied,theycouldeasilyfighttheruler.

12.(2021廈門二模,83)FiveOxenwaspaintedHanHuang,afamouspainterintheTangDynasty.

13.(2018福建,88)Whenhetestedahomemadepartinhisbathroom,itshotwater/??kr?s/theroom.

考點(diǎn)三介詞的固定搭配介詞在實(shí)際運(yùn)用中常常和名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞等詞類構(gòu)成固定搭配,這些固定搭配在句子中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)。1.介詞與名詞的固定搭配onone’own獨(dú)自 inaword總而言之inlife一生中 intime及時(shí)atsea在海上 ontime準(zhǔn)時(shí),按時(shí)intown在城里 onfoot步行inEnglish用英語 inalowvoice小聲地inthedistance在遠(yuǎn)處 inpublic公開地inthemiddleof...在……中間introuble處于困境 ofcourse當(dāng)然(可以)infact事實(shí)上 insurprise驚奇地inahurry匆忙,急忙 inthestreet在街上bytheway順便說 atthemeeting在會上intheend最后 inspace在太空inorder有序;整齊 ondisplay陳列;展出intheday在白天 atthefootof在……腳下atthetable在桌子旁 atschool在上學(xué)onshow在展出 daybyday一天天,逐日insilence安靜地 atthebackof在……后面inthisway用這種方法outofbreath上氣不接下氣atthesametime同時(shí)onone’swayto……在某人去……的路上byhand手工;(信件)親手交付bytheendof到……結(jié)束時(shí) intheair在空氣中outofsight消失;看不見 onduty值日outofwork失業(yè)ontheleft/right在左/右邊ontheothersideof在……的另一邊toone’ssurprise/joy使某人吃驚/高興的是2.介詞與形容詞的固定搭配carefulabout小心 sureabout/of肯定certainabout/of確定goodat擅長 goodfor對……有好處surprisedat對……吃驚famous/knownfor因……而出名readyfor為……做好了準(zhǔn)備latefor遲到differentfrom與……不同successfulin在……成功interestedin對……感興趣disappointedin對……失望proudof為……感到驕傲tiredof厭倦afraidof害怕shortof短缺fullof充滿similarto與……相似familiarto為……所熟悉satisfiedwith對……滿意busywith忙于friendlyto對……友好angrywith生……的氣strictwithsb.對某人要求嚴(yán)格3.介詞與動(dòng)詞的固定搭配laughat嘲笑takepartin參加thinkof想出;想起goonwith繼續(xù)worryabout為……擔(dān)心lookafter照顧,照料looklike看起來像lookfor尋找hearfrom收到……的來信listento聽arrivein到達(dá)(大地方)arriveat到達(dá)(小地方)getto到達(dá)waitfor等候agreewith同意,贊同thinkabout考慮到catchupwith趕上,追上efrom來自payfor付錢買……shoutat對……叫嚷talkabout談?wù)損laywith與……玩耍pointat指向pointto指出;暗示hearof聽說lookforwardto盼望dowellin在……學(xué)/做得好fallbehind落后askfor要求,請求takeaway拿走,帶走o...把……變成……h(huán)elp...with...幫助……做……take/catchholdof抓住decideon決定takecareof照顧handin上交havenothingtodowith與……無關(guān)baseon以……為根據(jù)keep...outof不讓……進(jìn)入leavefor離開去(另一個(gè)地方)talkto/with與……談話goinfor愛好,對……感興趣lookat看dealwith處理dependon依靠,依賴;取決于tie...to...把……系在……上passon傳遞smileat對……微笑believein信任belongto屬于lookaround向四周看writeto給……寫信regard...as...把……看作……1.(2021福建,30)fire,weshouldstaycalmandleaveasquicklyaspossible.

A.IncaseofB.Inneedof C.Insearchof2.(2018福建,27)Bluewhalesare.Weshouldtrytoprotectthem.

A.intimeB.inpublicC.indanger3.(2021漳州二模,32)Theinstructionstelluseverythingabouthowtomakethemodelrocket.

A.indetailB.ingeneralC.inperson4.(2020廈門海滄二模,23)—Jenny,what’sthematter?Youlookangry.—I’mreallymadmylittlebrother.Hedrewapiginmybook.

A.inB.atC.on5.(2020廈門集美二模,22)TomwaswatchingTVwhentherainbegantobeatheavilythewindows.

A.acrossB.onC.against6.(2021福建,87)Taichiisafunexercise,easytolearn,andyoudon’thavetobegoodittoenjoyit.

7.(2020福建,86)Andtheywerechangedgoldengrains(谷粒)ofrice.

8.(2019福建,83)Thisallchanged,thanksamannamedCaiLun.

9.(2021龍巖二模,82)WuyiMountainliesthenorthofFujianProvince.

10.(2021福州二模,81)Theyopeneditandfounditwasfullletters,poems,picturesandothersmallthings.

綜合練1.(2021江蘇揚(yáng)州,3改編)China’sfirstMarsrover,Zhurong,toucheddownontheRedPlanetMay15,2021.

A.onB.inC.at2.(2021安徽,24改編)Ourcountryhasmadegreatprogressinthefightblueskiesandclearwaters.

A.forB.againstC.between3.(2021海南,27)Sansha,abeautifulcity,liesthesouthofChina.

A.inB.onC.to4.(2021河北,31改編)Ieatricebeefandpotatoes.It’sdelicious.

A.inB.withC.for5.(2021云南昆明,21改編)Since1921,themunistPartyofChina(中國共產(chǎn)黨)hasbeenleadingtheChinesepeopleabetterlife.

A.of B.on C.to6.(2021遼寧本溪,4改編)Cathyalwaysmakesgooduseofhertimetostudy,evenherlunchbreak.

A.around B.during C.from7.(2021內(nèi)蒙古包頭,22改編)—What’sthemostexcitingholidayyou’veeverbeen?

—Forme,itwasatriptoIcelandwithmyfamilytoseetheNorthernLights.A.in B.on C.to8.(2021天津,24改編)Annaistallerthanme.Shesitsmeintheclassroom.

A.between B.behindC.among9.(2021甘肅武威,7改編)Weleftsuchahurrythatweforgotourtickets.

A.on B.for C.in10.(2021廣東,34改編)Thebridgerunstwomountains.

A.under B.among C.between11.(2021浙江溫州,5改編)KatefeltexcitedtoseeagroupofsheepwalkingherintoavillageinQinghai.

A.over B.past C.across12.(2021重慶,22改編)TheTianwen1ProbelandedonMarsMay15th,2021.

A.at B.in C.on13.(2021江蘇泰州,3改編)It’sreportedthatpeoplewithcollegeeducationcanmakemoremoneythanthosewithout.

A.ingeneral B.inpublic C.intime14.(2021湖北武漢,32改編)—Icouldtellthelookonherfacethatsomethingexcitinghadhappened.

—Exactly!A.on B.with C.by15.(2021湖南湘潭,24)—Howdoyoustudyforatest,Eric?—Istudyworkingwithagroup.

A.by B.with C.in數(shù)詞數(shù)詞單獨(dú)考查較少，常和主謂一致及語篇相結(jié)合。①基數(shù)詞②序數(shù)詞③分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)④倍數(shù)基數(shù)詞考點(diǎn)：拼寫：112；1319(teen);整十(ty);1.確數(shù)及概數(shù)表達(dá)：確數(shù)：數(shù)字+hundred/thousand/million/billion概數(shù)：hundredsof成百上千/thousandsof成千上萬millionsof數(shù)以百萬計(jì)/billionsof數(shù)以十億(記憶口訣：有數(shù)字無S,有S有of)2.inone’s+整十復(fù)數(shù)：某人多少歲左右Eg:inhistwenties在他20歲左右3.復(fù)合形容詞：數(shù)詞+連字符+名詞單數(shù)+形容詞Eg：Heisaneightyearoldboy.八歲的男孩/Iameightyeasold.4.時(shí)刻表達(dá)：順讀法/逆讀法(past過/to差)5:20/6:555.年代表達(dá)：inthe1980s20世紀(jì)80年代(數(shù)字+1中文1)6.基數(shù)詞表順序：名詞+基數(shù)詞(大寫)=the+序數(shù)詞+名詞Eg:ClassTwo=thesecondclass二班1.Everyyear,booksaredonatedtothechildreninpoorareas.

A.million B.millionsC.millionsof D.millionof2.TherearemanyoldpeoplewhoareoverahyearsoldinHainan.

3.WendyoncespentayearinLosAngelesforfurtherstudyinher.(forty)

序數(shù)詞考點(diǎn)：拼寫：(th)特殊(必記)：first;second;third;fifth;eighth;ninth;twelfth;1.第幾十表達(dá)(ieth)：twentytwentieth;thirtythirtieth;fiftyfiftieth2.the+序數(shù)詞；如果有形容詞性物主代詞/名詞所有格，省略the。3.a/an+序數(shù)詞：“又一，再一”:asecondtime4.分?jǐn)?shù)表達(dá)：巧記口訣：子基母序，分子大于1分母加S2/5:twofifths特殊表達(dá)：1/2:ahalf;1/4:aquarter/onefourth;3/4:threequarters5.小數(shù)： 點(diǎn)：point Eg:5.2fivepointtwo6.百分?jǐn)?shù)：%：percent Eg:50%:fiftypercent7.加減乘除:plus(加)；minus(減)；multiplied(乘);divided(除)Eg：Sixmultipliedbyfouris/equalstwentyfour.Twentysevendividedbynineis/equalsthree.注意：one→first(第一)/once(一次);two→second(第二)/twice(兩次)1.OurPartywasfoundedin1921.We’llcelebrateherbirthdayonJuly1stthisyear.

A.onehundred B.onehundredth C.theonehundredth2.PengMingfinallybecamethewinnerofseasonofCCTVsChinesePoetryConference.

A.five B.fifthC.thefifth D.fifths3.Somelanternshaveriddles(謎語)onthem,whichencouragepeopletotrytobetheftofindtheanswer.

4.I’mnotsurehowIfeelaboutthat,withmybirthdaying.(第十八)

5.Themanager’sroomisrightabovemine.It’sonthe(three)floor.

考點(diǎn)三分?jǐn)?shù)用法一、分?jǐn)?shù)表示法1.分?jǐn)?shù)是由基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞一起來表示的。基數(shù)詞作分子,序數(shù)詞作分母,分子大于1時(shí),序數(shù)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:3/4threefourths或threequarters1/3onethird或athird24/25twentyfourtwentyfifths3141/2ahalf1/4onequarter或aquarter1122.當(dāng)分?jǐn)?shù)后面接名詞時(shí),如果分?jǐn)?shù)表示的值大于1,名詞用復(fù)數(shù);小于1,名詞用單數(shù)。如:1122344/5meter五分之四米5/6inch六分之五英寸1.ThegravityonMarsisonlyaboutofthatontheEarth.

A.threeeights B.thirdeightsC.threeeighths D.thirdeighths2.—Mum,ofmyclassmatesglasses.

—Oh,myGod.Youneedtoprotectyoureyeswell.A.threefourths;wears B.threefourth;wearC.threefourth;wears D.threefourths;wear隨堂練習(xí)一、語法選擇Theworld'slongestcrossseabridge—theHongKongZhuhaiMacaoBridge(HZMB)—openedon1.TheGuardiandescribeditasoneofthe“2wondersofthemodernworld”.

Construction(施工)ontheHZMBbegan3andcostabout4yuan.ThebridgelinksHongKongandMacaototheChinesemainlandcityofZhuhai,CGTNreported.

TheHZMBisuniqueinmanyways.It'sdesignedtohaveaservicelifeof120years,5thanmostbridges.

Inonesection,thebridgeturnsintoa6underseatunnelthatpassesthroughtwomanmadeislands.Thetunnelistheworld'slongestunderseatunnelforroadtraffic,allowinglargeshipstocontinuepassingthroughtheseaareainthetunnel.

Thebridge'sengineershadtocons