第12講代詞的用法（原卷版）-2023年七年級英語寒假課（牛津上海版）

第12講代詞的用法【基礎(chǔ)知識】一、定義：代詞是為避免重復(fù)，用來代替名詞或名詞短語的詞。表示表示“這個、那個、這些、那些”表示“我(們)，你(們)，他(們)等表示物體所屬關(guān)系表示“某人自己”表示不確定的人或物在疑問句中起到名詞作用或構(gòu)成疑問句指oneanother和eachother兩對連接名詞性從句的詞，如賓語從句等連接定語從句的代詞代詞是為避免重復(fù)，用來代替名詞或名詞短語的詞二．代詞的用法：代詞的分類：英語中的代詞，按其意義、特征及在句中的作用分為：人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、指示代詞、不定代詞、相互代詞、疑問代詞七種。一、人稱代詞A.定義：表示"我"、"你"、"他"、"她"、"它"、"我們"、"你們"、"他們"的詞人稱代詞有人稱、數(shù)和格的變化，見下表：人稱數(shù)格單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)主格賓格主格賓格第一人稱Imeweus第二人稱youyouyouyou第三人稱hehimtheythemsheherititB.排列順序：

1)單數(shù)人稱代詞并列作主語時，其順序?yàn)椋旱诙朔Q>第三人稱>第一人稱:you>he/she>IYou,heandIshouldgivethebooksbacktotheschoollibrary.

2)復(fù)數(shù)人稱代詞作主語時，其順序?yàn)椋旱谝蝗朔Q>第二人稱>第三人稱:we>you>TheyWe,youandtheyaregoingtoworkonthefarmthisweekend.注意：單數(shù)你他我，復(fù)數(shù)一二三，道歉我為先。C.人稱代詞的用法：人稱代詞的主格在句中做主語,通常放在句子開頭。例：IamstudyingEnglish.(主語)人稱代詞的賓格在句中做賓語,通常放在介詞和動詞之后。例：Pleasegivemeabook,Lily.(賓語）動賓結(jié)構(gòu)Mycatlookatme.(賓語)介賓結(jié)構(gòu)注：類似的介詞有：to,for,with,of,方位介詞(beside,behind...)二、物主代詞A.定義：表示所有關(guān)系的代詞，也可叫做代詞所有格。物主代詞分形容性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞二種，其人物和數(shù)的變化見下表。數(shù)類別人稱形容詞性物主代詞名詞性物主代詞單數(shù)第一人稱mymine第二人稱youryours第三人稱hishisherhersitsits復(fù)數(shù)第一人稱ourours第二人稱youryours第三人稱theirtheirsB.物主代詞的用法：1.形容詞性物主代詞不能單獨(dú)使用，后面需要形容名詞。例：MysisteriswatchingTV.2.名詞性物主代詞獨(dú)立使用，后面不加名詞。名詞性物主代詞=形容詞性物主代詞+名詞。例：Herbagisbig.Mineissmall.(Mine=mybag)3.“of+名詞性物主代詞”稱為雙重所有格,作定語時放在名詞的后面。如：Afriendofminecametoseemeyesterday.(我的一個朋友昨天來看我了)(指若干朋友中有一個來看我。)Myfriendcametoseemeyesterday.(我的朋友昨天來看我了)(指我的那個特定的朋友來看我。)三、反身代詞表示"我自己"、"你自己"、"他自己"、"我們自己"、"你們自己"和"他們自己"等的代詞，叫做反身代詞。數(shù)人稱單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)第一人稱myselfourselves第二人稱yourselfyourselves第三人稱himself,herself,itselfthemselves1.有些動詞需有反身代詞:enjoy,hurt,introduce,help,by...Weenjoyedourselvesverymuchlastnight.我們昨晚玩得很開心。

Pleasehelpyourselftosomefish.請你隨便吃點(diǎn)魚。

2.第二人稱作賓語，要用反身代詞。

Youshouldbeproudofyourself.你應(yīng)為自己感到驕傲。△1．單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則：同名詞單復(fù)數(shù)變化規(guī)則相同即把f改為v，再加es。2．相關(guān)連接：1.enjoyoneself=haveagoodtime“玩得高興”6.saytooneself自言自語2.helponeselfto...（招待用語）“隨便吃……”7.dressoneself穿衣3.teachoneself/learnbyoneself“自學(xué)……8.lookafteroneself照顧自己4.makeoneselfathome別拘束9.loseoneselfin投身于，沉浸于5.byoneself獨(dú)自地;單獨(dú)地=alone10etooneself蘇醒過來四、指示代詞表示"那個"、"這個"、"這些"、"那些"等指示概念的代詞。近指遠(yuǎn)指單數(shù)thisthat復(fù)數(shù)thesethose△注意：this引出下文，that常代替前面剛提到的。注意：常用于比較結(jié)構(gòu)中，代替前面提到的名詞，以避免重復(fù)。單數(shù)用’that’,復(fù)數(shù)用’those’代替。that=theone,those=theones.eg:TheTVsetsmadeinChinaarecheaperthanthose/theonesmadeinEngland.eg:TheweatherinBeijingiscolderthanthatinGuangzhouinwinter.五．相互代詞表示相互關(guān)系的詞叫相互代詞。eachother,oneanother是相互代詞,譯成“互相”,可以通用。eachother表示兩者之間,而oneanther表示許多人之間。如：Wemusthelpeachotherwhenweareintrouble.Theysattherewithouttalkingtooneanother/eachother.六、疑問代詞1.who,whom的用法表示“誰的”Whoputthelightout?/Whomareyoutalkingto?2.whose的用法表示“誰的”Whosecameraisthis?3.which的用法意為”哪一個,哪一些”Whichismoreinteresting,thisbookorthat?4.what的用法意為“什么”WhatdoyouusuallydoonSunday?不定代詞一.定義：代替或修飾不特指的人或事物的代詞叫不定代詞。單數(shù)含義someanynonone//each(every)oneeither,neithersotheother,another復(fù)合不定代詞不可數(shù)含義muchlittle,alittleall/////復(fù)數(shù)含義manyfew,afewonesbothothers,theothers注：復(fù)合不定代詞有12個：something(某事),someone(某人),somebody(某人),anything(任何事),anyone(任何人),anybody(任何人),nothing(沒事),nobody(沒有人),noone(沒有人),everything(一切),everyone(每個人),everybody(每個人).二．不定代詞的用法：(1)some和any的用法：some一般用于肯定句中,意思是“一些”、“某個”作定語時可修飾可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞。eg:Ihavesomeworktodotoday./Theywillgotheresomeday.some用于疑問句時,表示建議、請求或希望得到肯定回答。eg:Wouldyoulikesomecoffeewithsugar?any一般用于疑問句或否定句中,意思是“任何一些”、“任何一個”,作定語時可修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞。eg:Theydidn’thaveanyfriendshere./Haveyougotanyquestionstoask?any用于陳述句句時,意思是“任何的”。eg:eherewithanyfriend.小練習(xí)：用some和any完成下列對話:Lucy:It’stimefordinner.Wouldyouliketobuy________foodforme?

Lily:Sure.Whatdoyouneed?

Lucy:Mm,________apples________chickenand________bread.Oh,Idon'thave________milk.

Lily:Ok.I'llbuy________.Doyouneed________juice?Er,howabout________orangjuice?

Lucy:Goodidea!Whencanwestartourhomework?Lily:Wecanstarttodoourhomeworkat________time.keys：some,some,some,some,any,some,any,some,any(2)many和much的用法：

many,much都意為"許多",many+可數(shù)名詞，much+不可數(shù)名詞。

eg:Howmanypeoplearethereatthemeeting?Theyhaven’tgotmuchworktodo.小練習(xí)：用many和much填空:1.thereisn‘t__________moneyleftinherbankaccount(銀行賬戶).2.youhaven'tgotas__________CDsasl'vegot.3.wedon'tsee__________foreignvisitorsinourvillage.4.Ihaven'tgot__________timeforstudyinrecentweeks.keys：much,many,many,much(3)few、little、afew、alittle的用法：可數(shù)不可數(shù)肯定afew(有一些)alittle(有一些)否定few(幾乎沒有)little(幾乎沒有)eg:Hehasafewfriends.他有幾個朋友。Hehasfewfriends.他幾乎沒有朋友。

Westillhavealittletime.我們還有點(diǎn)時間。Thereislittletimeleft.幾乎沒有時間了。小練習(xí)：用)few、little、afew、alittle填空:1.Thereare________youngpeopleherenowthanthereusedtobe.2.Breadcosts________inthisshopthaninmostothershops.3.Therearestill________eggsinthebasket.Youcangotothestorelater.4.Thereare________applesinthefridge.Letgetoutandgetsome.5.Thereisonly________breadinthefridge.Letgetoutandgetsome.6.Thereis__________left.Hurryup,orwe’llbelateforschool.keys：fewer,less,afew,few,alittle,little(4)all和both的用法：All“三者或以上都”,用來代替或修飾可數(shù)名詞或者不可數(shù)名詞。Both“兩者都”,用來代替或修飾可數(shù)名詞。Both和all后都可以加“of”.小練習(xí)：用all和both填空:1.ofuswenttoseethefilmbeacausewehadmoneytobuyticketyesterday.2.Tomandhisfatherareatworknow.3.________ofmyparentsworkinthisshoefactory.

4.________ofmyboyclassmatesplayfootballafterschool.

5.Therearealotofbuildingson________sidesofthestreet.

6.__________ofusaregoodatplayingfootball.

keys：All,both,both,all,both,all,(5)every和each用法：every是形容詞,只能作定語修飾單數(shù)名詞,意思是“每一個”,表示整體概念；each是形容詞、代詞,意思是“每個”或者“各個”,表示單個概念；each可以放在名詞前,可以后跟of短語。eg:Everyoneofthestudentsinhisclassstudiesveryhard.Theyareverybusy.Eachofthemhassomethingtodo.小練習(xí)：用all和both填空:1.________ofusisgoodatplayingfootball.

2._________studentshouldworkhardattheirlessons.3.we_______haveasurprisinggiftattheparty.4._________studenthasaspecialexperienceintheholiday.keys：Each,every,each,every(6)either和neither的用法：either意思是“兩個中間的任何一個”；neither是either的否定形式,意思是“兩個都不”。neither和either跟“of”連接都用作單數(shù)。either…or…“或是…，或是…”neither…nor…“既不…又不…”。（就近原則）eg:Neitheroftheanswerisright.（兩個答案都不對）Ihaveneithertimenormoneytotakeatrip.Eithersentenceisright.（兩個答案中有一個是對的。）Youcaneithergoorstay.小練習(xí)：用either和neither填空:1.Therearealotofbuildingson________sideofthestreet.

2.TomandMikelikepalyinggootballbut_________ofthemcanplayverywell.

3.Wouldyouliketeaorcoffee?________.I'djustlikeaglassofwate.

4.CanIeonTuesdayorWednesday?________dayisOK.Herearetworulers.Youcantake________ofthem.Itaketherest.

6.ThetwinscanspeakEnglishwell,but_________ofthemisgoodatEnglishsongs.keys：either,neither,neither,either,either,neither.(7)one與ones,that和it的用法：It特指上下文提到的同一對象，是同一事物.e.g.Thebookismine.It’sveryinteresting.One泛指上下文提及的同類事物中的一個，同類而不同一.one代替單數(shù)，one代替復(fù)數(shù)。eg:Whohasapen?Ihaveone.Ihavemanydresses,butIdon’tlikethegreenones.That通常指代同類事物,that等于theone.One和that區(qū)別：1.that替代可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞,但只能指物。one(s)替代可數(shù),指人和物均可。 eg:Atablemadeofsteelcostsmorethanthatmadeofwood.(可物)Sociallifeinavillagecannotparewiththatofalargecity.(that=sociallife不物)Ahatefulpersonisonethatarousesfeelingsofhatredinyou.(可人)2.that=the+n.(特指)one=a/an+n.(泛指)eg:Thepotatocropin1846wasinferiorthatof1816.(that=thepotatocrop)Iamlookingforaflat.I’dlikeonewithagarden.(one=aflat)3.常用于比較結(jié)構(gòu)中，代替前面提到的名詞，以避免重復(fù).復(fù)數(shù)用”those’代替。,that=theone.eg:TheTVsetsmadeinChinaarecheaperthanthose/theonesmadeinEngland.eg:TheweatherinBeijingiscolderthanthatinGuangzhouinwinter.小練習(xí)：用one,ones,that,it填空:1.llikehouseswithbeautifulgardensinfront,butldon'thaveenoughmoneytobuy_______.2.Thearticlesmadeofleathercostmuchmorethan_________madeofplastic.3.Myseatwasnextto_________ofthemayor(市長).4.Themachinesweusetodayaremuchbetterthan_________weusedtenyearsago.5.Iboughtabikeyesterday,butunluckily,Ilostit,soIdecidetobuy_________.6.Greenapplesoftentastesbetterthanred________?7.Shefound__________impossibleforhertogetthedrivinglicense.8.TheweatherofBeijingistoocold.Idon’tlike________.keys：1.one2.those3.that4.that/theone5.it6.one7.ones8.it9.it(8)other;theother;others;theothers;another的用法：不定代詞意義用法說明Other另外的只作定語，常與復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞連用；但如果前面有the,this,that,some,any,each,every,no,one,my,your,his等時，則可與單數(shù)名詞連用。theother兩者中另一個常與one連用，構(gòu)成“one…,theother”;作定語修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞時，表示“全部其余的”others多者中剩下的部分是other的復(fù)數(shù)形式，泛指別的人或物（但不是全部），不能作定語，構(gòu)成some…others…theothers多者中剩下的全部是theother的復(fù)數(shù)形式，特指其余全部的人或物another三者（以上）另一個指三者或三者以上中的任何一個，用作形容詞或代詞。構(gòu)成oneafteranother(一個接著一個)小練習(xí)：用one、ones、another、theother、others、theothers、other填空:1.MrsSmithhastwochildren.Oneisagirland_______isaboy.

2.Idon’tlikethisshirt,pleaseshowme________.

3.ThisdeskisMary’sandthat______isKate’s.

4.Iboughtalotofbananas.Onlyafewofthemaregreen,_______areyellow.

5.Lookatthedesks.Theblue_______areforthegirlsandtheyellow______fortheboys.

6.Thisshirtdoesn’tfitme.Doyouhaveany_______kinds?

7.Thechildrenareallworkingintheclassroom.Someofthemarecleaningthewindowsand_______aresweepingthefloor.

8.Wemusthelpeach_______withourEnglish.keys：1.theother2.another3.one4.theothers5.onesones6.other7.others8.other(9)noone;none;nobody;nothing的用法：noone=nobody意思是“沒有人”；1)不與of連用；2)謂語動詞用單數(shù)；3)只能指人，但不具體指什么人；4)一般用來回答who,及含anyone,anybody引導(dǎo)的疑問句。

e.g.Noonelikesapersonwithbadmanners.

e.g.Whoisintheroom?Noone.

e.g.Isthereanyoneintheroom?Noone.

none意思是“沒有”；

1)可與of連用；2)謂語動詞用單或復(fù)數(shù)；3)具體指什么人或物；4)一般用來回答howmany+n,howmuch+n及含any+n引導(dǎo)的疑問句。

e.g.Noneofushave/hasseenhim.

e.g.Howmanystudentsarethereintheroom?None.

e.g.Isthereanywaterinthethermos?None.

e.g.Howmuchmoneydoyouhaveonyou?None.

nothing意思是“沒有”，只能指物；

1)指物；2)謂語用單數(shù)；3)一般用來回答含anything的一般問句及what引起的特殊問句。

e.g.Whatisinthebox?Nothing.

e.g.Isthereanythinginthesky?Nothing.

e.g.Canyouseeanythingwithoutglasses?Nothing.小練習(xí)：用noone、none、nobody、nothing填空:1.Whoisintheroom?________.

2.Howmuchmeatisthereontheplate?________.

3.________ofuscanspeakFrench.

4.________knowswhattheyfoughtabout.

5.Canyouseeanybodyintheroom?No,Icansee________.

6.Doyouknowhowmanydictionariestheyhavealreadybought?Yes,Ido.Theyhavebought_________.

7.Whatdidyouseeintheboxyesterday?Isaw________.

8.–Haveyouallfinishedthehomework?–No,_________hasfinishedityet.

keys：

1.Noone/Nobody2.None3.None4.Noone/Nobody5.Nobody6.None7.nothing8.nobody(10)復(fù)合不定代詞：由some,any,no和every構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞的用法：some,any,no和every可以與one,body,thing構(gòu)成復(fù)合代詞，它們的用法與some,any的用法相同。somebody（某人）anybody（任何人）nobody（沒有人）everybody（每人）someone（某人）anyone（任何人）noone（沒有人）everyone（每人）something（某事）anything（任何事）nothing（沒有東西）everything（每一件事）小練習(xí)：用something,somebody;anything,anybody;nothing,nobody;everything,everybody1.Thereis________wrongwithhisputer.

2.Ihope________goeswell.

3.Doyouknow________abouttheUS?No,Iknow_________aboutit.

4.Since________ishere,let’sbeginourmeeting.

5.Ican’tsay_________abouthim.Iamafraidofhim.

6._________isintheroom.Soyoucan’thearanyvoice.

7.________exceptLiPingwenttothepark.Hewasill.

8.Ihave_________importanttosay.Pleasewaitaminute.9.－Isthere__________inthecup?－No,thereis__________.10.Hey,Lily.Thereis_________knockingatthedooroutside.11.Doyoumeet_________whenyoucametoschoollastSunday?keys：1.something2.everything3.anythingnothing4.everybody5.anythingNobody7.Everybody8.something9.anything,nothing10.someone11.anyone(11)復(fù)合不定代詞的特殊用法：1.當(dāng)主句的主語是指人的復(fù)合不定代詞：everybody,nobody,anyone等時，其反意疑問句的主語通常用代詞they/he;當(dāng)主句中的主語是指物的復(fù)合不定代詞：everything,anything,something,nothing等時，其反意疑問句的主語通常用代詞it.Everybodyishere,aren’tthey/isn/the?Everythingisready,isn’tit?當(dāng)形容詞或else（另外）修飾復(fù)合不定代詞something,everything,everyone等時，形容詞或else必須放在復(fù)合不定代詞的后面。XiaoMing,Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.Weneedonemorehelper.Canyoufindanyoneelse?everyone的意思等同于everybody,只能指人;everyone既可指人也可指物，還可以和of短語連用。Iwouldlikeeveryonetobehappy.Everyone/EveryonelikeMary.Ihavekepteveryoneofherletters.三.代詞it用法：1．指代前面提到過的事物.Thisisnotmybook.ItisJim’s.2．用來代替指示代詞this或that.What’sthis?It’sapencil.3．指嬰兒或不明身份的人.Someoneisknockingatthedoor,pleasegoandseewhoitis.4．時間或季節(jié).What’sthetimenow?/It’steno’clock.5．表天氣What’stheweatherliketoday?It’ssunny.6．表距離Howfarisitfromyourschooltoyourhome?7．用作形式主語，常用于下列句型中：a.Itisadj.+(forsb)todosth.如：Itisimportantforustoworkhard.b.It’stimetodo/for/that…如：It’stimetogetup/forlunch/fthatwewenthome.c.Itseemsthat…Itseemsthatheisquitehappy.d.It’sone’sturntodo…It’syourturntoanswermyquestion.e.It’s+adj.+that…如：It’snecessarythatyoushouldbepresentatthemeeting.8.作形式賓語。Doyouthinkitnecessarytolearntowaitinline?9.引導(dǎo)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型“Itis/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who+其他成分”。Itwasyesterdaythatwewenttoseeafilm.【真題演練】1．—Wouldyoulike_________bread?—No,thanks.I’dlike_________milk.A．some;some B．some;any C．a(chǎn)ny;any D．a(chǎn)ny;some2．—IsMr.CooperEnglish?—________.AndMr.JordanisEnglish,too.A．No,sheisn’t B．Yes,sheisC．Yes,heis D．No,heisn’t3．—Jerry,isthatboyinredournewclassmate?—Yes.Let’ssayhelloto________.A．he B．she C．her D．him4．—Doyouhave________tomatoesathome?—No.Ihave________carrots.A．a(chǎn)ny;any B．a(chǎn)ny;some C．some;any D．some;some5．—IlikeEnglishbest.Whatabout________?—Hethinksscienceisveryinteresting.A．him B．his C．hers D．her6．Thisis________classroom.Itisverybig.A．we B．our C．us D．ours7．Mygrandmalikescarrotsverymuch.It’s________favouritefood.A．she B．he C．her D．it8．—IsthisKate’sbike?—No,________bikeisunderthetree.Sheputittherethismorning.A．her B．his C．he D．she9．Ilikeeggs,butmysisterdoesn’teat________.A．it B．they C．them D．this10．Thereis________milk.Let’sgoandbuysome.A．little B．a(chǎn)little C．few D．a(chǎn)few11．OurEnglishteacherMr.Smithiskindandhelpful.Welike________alot.A．her B．you C．it D．him12．—Aretheseyourphotos?—Yes.Theyare________.A．me B．I C．mine D．my13．Theoldmanhas________appletreesandhewatersthemhimself.A．a(chǎn)little B．a(chǎn)few C．much D．little14．—Wouldyoulike________bread,Tim?—No,thanks.Idon’twant________breadnow.A．some;any B．a(chǎn)ny;some C．some;some D．a(chǎn)ny;any15．Nowadays,only_________studentsstillgotoclassesattheweekend.A．a(chǎn)few B．a(chǎn)little C．much D．lotof16．Wouldyoupleaseshowme_________skirt?Idon’tlikethecolourofthisskirt.A．other B．theother C．a(chǎn)nother D．others17．Whyareyoulaughing?Isthere_________ontheInternet?A．somethinginteresting B．interestingsomethingC．a(chǎn)nythinginteresting D．interestinganything18．—Wouldyoulike________applesafterlunch,Jack?—Yes.Buttherearen’t________onthetable.A．some;any B．some;some C．a(chǎn)ny;any D．a(chǎn)ny;some19．It’seasyforme________Englishwell.A．learn B．tolearn C．learning D．learned20．—Therearesomanybagsoutside.Whichis_________schoolbag?—Theredoneis_________.A．your,you B．my,mine C．my,your D．your,mine【過關(guān)檢測】21．WhenMikefindssomenewwordsinthearticles,healways_________inthedictionary.A．looksupit B．looksitup C．looksforit D．looksitfor22．—Who’s________overthere?—Heismyfriend.A．this B．that C．these D．those23．—Arethere________picturesonyourclassroomwalls?—Yes,thereare.A．some B．a(chǎn)ny C．somethin