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UNIT2Sportandfitness單元專項提升英語版必修第一冊北師版單元語法歸納巧梳理·知識框圖挖教材·語法示例用適當?shù)年P系代詞完成下列教材中的句子并體會它們的語法特征1.When
we
weren't
playing
on
the
court___________was
next
to
our
building,
we
were
watching
a
game
on
TV.2.Paul's
favourite
player
was
Tyrone
Bogues,
a
guy_________played
for
the
Charlotte
Hornets,
although
we
actually
agree
that
they
are
both
champions.3.Everyone
knew
Paul
had
real
skills,
and
was
someone_____worked
really
hard
and
had
a
strong
desire
to
play
for
the
team.4.This
week,
The
Lions
were
playing
our
main
competitors,
The
Bears,
a
team
_______record
this
season
had
been
perfect.5.Paul
didn't
know
he'd
soon
get
the
chance___________he'd
been
waiting
for.6.And
clearly,
all
the
extra
hours_____he'd
spent
practising
alone
paid
off.which/thatwho/thatwhowhosewhich/thatthat細歸納
語法精講限制性定語從句(Ⅰ)——關系代詞知識點1
定語從句概述定義在復合句中用來限制、描繪或說明主句中某一名詞、代詞,整個主句或主句的一部分的從句叫定語從句,它所修飾的對象叫作先行詞。定語從句分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句。注意:①限制性定語從句與先行詞之間的關系非常密切,說明先行詞的性質、身份、特征等狀況,不能省略,否則句意就不完整。②引導定語從句的關系詞包括關系代詞和關系副詞。關系詞作用:①連接主句和從句;②指代先行詞;③在從句中充當句子成分。分類:①關系代詞:that,
which,
who,
whom,whose,as(本單元講前五個的用法);②關系副詞:when,where,why等。續(xù)表知識點2
關系代詞的基本用法
關系代詞用于指代表示人或物的先行詞,在定語從句中充當主語、賓語、定語等成分。1.who指人,在定語從句中可以作主語或賓語,作賓語時可省略。Here
comes
the
girl
主語who
(在從句中作)wants
to
see
you.想見你的那個女孩過來了。He
is
the
man
(who(在從句中作賓語,可省略。))
I
saw
yesterday.他就是我昨天見到的那個人。2.whom指人,在定語從句中可作賓語、表語,可省略;(在口語中)whom作賓語時可用who代替。若whom前有介詞,則不能用who代替,也不可省略。Rose
is
the
person
(whom/who)
you
should
look
after.羅絲是你應該照顧的人。When
I
have
trouble,
he
is
the
only
one
to
whom
I
can
go
for
help.
當我有困難時,他是我唯一可以求助的人。3.whose
指人或物,在定語從句中作定語。They
rushed
over
to
help
the
man
whose
(作定語,指人。)car
had
broken
down.那個人的車壞了,他們沖過去幫忙。Please
pass
me
the
book
whose(作定語,指物。)
cover
is
green.請遞給我那本綠皮的書。4.which一般指物,在定語從句中作主語、賓語、表語等。作賓語時一般可省略。若which前有介詞,則which不可省略。China
is
a
country
which(在從句中作主語)
has
a
long
history.中國是一個歷史悠久的國家。The
package
(which(在從句中作賓語,可省略。))
you
are
carrying
is
about
to
fall.你拿的包快掉了。5.that
既可指人,也可指物,在定語從句中作主語、賓語或表語等,作賓語時一般可省略。指人時一般可用who替代,指物時一般可用which替代。The
number
of
people
that/who
(在從句中作主語)come
to
visit
this
city
each
year
reaches
one
million.每年來參觀這座城市的人數(shù)達一百萬。The
chair
(that/which(在從句中作賓語,可省略。))
you
broke
yesterday
is
now
being
repaired.你昨天弄壞的那把椅子現(xiàn)在正在修。
關系代詞替代先行詞在定語從句中充當主語、賓語、定語或表語,因此定語從句中不能再出現(xiàn)關系代詞所替代的名詞或代詞。昨天你借我的那本書十分有趣。[誤]The
book
(that/which)
you
lent
it
to
me
yesterday
is
very
interesting.[正]The
book
(that/which)
you
lent
to
me
yesterday
is
very
interesting.鏈高考
真題精練語法填空1.(2022·浙江1月)New
research
found
that
middle-aged
women
_________
were
physically
fit
could
be
nearly
90
percent
less
likely
to
develop
dementia(失智癥)
in
later
life.who/that【解析】句意:新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),身體健康的中年女性在晚年患失智癥的可能性小近90%。分析句子結構可知,空處引導定語從句,修飾先行詞women,且從句中缺少主語,所以用who/that。2.(全國Ⅲ卷)As
a
businesswoman,
I
care
deeply
about
my
customers.
But
like
anyone
for
_______
you
feel
affection,customers
can
also
drive
you
mad.whom【解析】分析句子結構可知,"for
___
you
feel
affection"為定語從句,修飾anyone(指人),且空處位于介詞之后,故只能填whom。3.(2023·全國乙卷)The
color
she
chose
came
in
a
box
which
had
a
picture
of
a
woman
_______
hair
color
looked
just
perfect.whose【解析】分析句子結構可知,空處引導定語從句,該從句修飾先行詞woman,且空處在從句中作定語,修飾hair
color,故用關系代詞whose。4.(2023·浙江1月)I
parked
my
car
outside
the
farm
and
walked
past
a
milking
house
___________
had
apparently
not
been
used
in
many
years.that/which【解析】分析句子結構可知,空處引導定語從句,先行詞為a
milking
house,指物,且定語從句中缺少主語,故填關系代詞that/which。知識點3
關系代詞的選擇(that/which)
宜用that不用which的情況1.當先行詞是all、much、anything、something、everything、nothing、little、none等不定代詞時。She
told
me
everything
that
she
knew.她把她所知道的一切都告訴了我。2.當先行詞指物且被all、no、few、any、little(少)、some、much、last、only、very等修飾時。I've
read
all
the
books
that
were
borrowed
from
others.
我已經讀了從別人那兒借來的所有的書。3.當先行詞為序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾,或先行詞為形容詞最高級或被形容詞最高級修飾時。This
is
the
most
exciting
football
game
that
I
have
ever
seen.這是我看過的最激動人心的足球比賽。The
first
place
that
they
visited
in
Guilin
was
Elephant
Trunk
Hill.在桂林他們參觀的第一個地方是象鼻山。4.當先行詞既有人又有物時。I
can
remember
well
the
persons
and
some
pictures
that
I
saw
in
the
room.我能清楚地記得我在那個房間里所見到的人和一些照片。鏈高考
真題精練語法填空1.(全國Ⅱ卷)I
refuse
to
accept
the
blame
for
something_____was
someone
else's
fault.that【解析】分析句子結構可知,此處不定代詞something作先行詞,關系詞在從句中作主語,應用that引導定語從句。2.(全國Ⅲ卷)Understanding
her
good
intentions,
I
eat
all
the
food_____
is
provided
by
Mom
with
appreciation.that【解析】分析句子結構可知,空處引導定語從句,從句缺少主語,先行詞為the
food,且被all修飾,故定語從句要用that引導。知識點4
定語從句中的主謂一致
一般情況下,關系代詞在從句中作主語時,定語從句謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)與先行詞的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。The
books
that
were
sold
out
in
two
weeks
were
all
written
by
Tom.兩周內賣光的那些書都是湯姆寫的。I'm
fond
of
the
piece
of
music
which
was
played
by
Jenny.我喜歡珍妮演奏的那首曲子。
"one
of
the
+可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)+定語從句"結構中,定語從句的謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式,即以"可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)"為定語從句的先行詞;而"the
only/very/right
one
of
the
+可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)+定語從句"結構中,定語從句的謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式,因為定語從句的先行詞為"the
only
one"。He
is
one
of
the
players
who
were
presented
with
the
medal.他是被授予了獎章的運動員之一。He
is
the
only
one
of
the
players
who
was
presented
with
the
medal.他是唯一一位被授予了獎章的運動員。鏈高考
真題精練語法填空(全國Ⅱ卷)Barbara
is
easy
to
recognize
as
she's
the
only
one
of
the
women
who
_______(wear)
evening
dress.wears【解析】當"the
only
one
of
the
+可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)"為先行詞時,定語從句的謂語動詞應該用單數(shù)形式。另外,由題干中的時態(tài)及語境可知,這里要用一般現(xiàn)在時,故填wears。語法練
專項提升Ⅰ
用適當?shù)年P系代詞填空1.(2024·上海師大附中期末)The
books
on
the
desk
_______
covers
are
shiny
are
prizes
for
us.whose【解析】分析句子結構可知,空處引導定語從句,先行詞為The
books,和名詞covers之間存在所屬關系,所以關系代詞應用whose,作定語,修飾covers。2.Evidently,
those
_____
can
stick
to
their
dreams
are
more
likely
to
succeed.who【解析】空處引導定語從句,修飾指示代詞those(指人),故空處用who。3.The
writer
and
his
novel
_____
you
have
just
talked
about
are
really
well-known.that【解析】此處先行詞既有人又有物,故填that。4.There
is
no
success
without
hard
work;
success
is
something_____
is
only
earned
after
much
effort.that【解析】此處先行詞為指物的不定代詞something,故從句用that引導。5.She
is
the
teacher
from_______
I
have
borrowed
this
dictionary.whom【解析】定語從句"from____
I
have
borrowed
this
dictionary"修飾先行詞the
teacher,且關系代詞位于介詞from后,故填whom。6.(2023·全國乙卷)But
for
all
its
ancient
buildings,
Beijing
is
also
a
place
___________
welcomes
the
fast-paced
development
of
modern
life.that/which【解析】分析句子結構可知,空處引導定語從句,修飾先行詞a
place,指物,且空處在從句中作主語,故用that或which引導均可。Ⅱ
用關系代詞引導的定語從句合并下列句子1.I
have
a
friend.
He
likes
listening
to
classical
music._______________________________________________________I
have
a
friend
that/who
likes
listening
to
classical
music.2.Last
week
Mary
wore
the
dress.
I
gave
it
to
her._______________________________________________________Last
week
Mary
wore
the
dress
that/which
I
gave
to
her.3.They
live
in
a
room.
Its
window
faces
south.______________________________________________They
live
in
a
room
whose
window
faces
south.4.She
wants
to
visit
the
village.
Her
mother
likes
it
best.___________________________________________________________She
wants
to
visit
the
village
that/which
her
mother
likes
best.5.The
old
man
likes
reading
the
newspaper
every
day.
It
contains
important
information._______________________________________________________________________________________________The
old
man
likes
reading
the
newspaper
that/which
contains
important
information
every
day.寫作方法指導如何寫敘事類記敘文
敘事類記敘文主要是對某一事件的發(fā)生、發(fā)展和結果進行敘述,重在敘述事情發(fā)生、發(fā)展的過程。這類寫作的考查重點是語言運用的正確性、句子的連貫性、信息表述的完整性等。
敘事類記敘文寫作時應注意的問題:常用表達1.交代時間:one
day;
the
other
day;
when
I
was…years
old;
by
the
end
of
last
term;
during
the
summer
holidays;
on
Sunday
morning...2.交代地點:on
the
way
to
school;
on
the
way
home;
at
the
crossing;
at
the
end
of
the
street;
at
the
foot
of
the
mountain...3.介紹故事情節(jié):Sb.was
doing…in
someplace
when…Sb.was
about
to
do…when…=Sb.was
on
the
point
of
doing…when…Sb.had
just
done…when…4.介紹故事的結果或談自己的感想①常用詞匯:finally;
luckily/fortunately;
to
one's
surprise;
feel
tired/delighted②常用句型:What
surprised/attracted/delighted
us
most
was
that…Through
this
meaningful
activity,
we
learned
something
that
can't
be
learned
in
class.I
was
deeply
impressed/moved/touched
by…巧運用
典例詳析書面表達
(2023·全國乙卷)學校英文報組織同學們分享自己在假期中學到的新技能,請你以此為主題寫一篇短文投稿。內容包括:
1.簡要描述;
2.體驗和感受。
注意:
1.詞數(shù)100左右;
2.題目已為你寫好。A
教你審題體裁敘事類記敘文時態(tài)一般過去時為主人稱第一人稱為主要點1.學習了哪種新技能;2.遇到的困難和挑戰(zhàn);3.收獲和感悟。B
教你選詞1.有機會做某事______________________________2.在某人的指導下_________________________have
an
opportunity
to
do
sth.under
the
guidance
of
sb.Learning
a
New
Skill3.設法做成某事__________________4.在……方面很出色_______________________manage
to
do
sth.be/become
excellent
at...C
教你造句1.我有機會在一家俱樂部學習滑雪。_____________________________________________2.開始滑行的時候,我很害怕。________________________________________3.我不知道該怎么做。__________________________4.在教練的指導下我成功地控制住了身體。_____________________________________________________________________________________I
had
an
opportunity
to
learn
to
ski
at
a
club.When
I
started
to
slide,I
was
very
afraid.I
didn't
know
what
to
do.Under
the
guidance
of
the
instructor
I
managed
to
control
my
body
successfully.D
教你升級用"so...that..."結構合并句2和句3。___________________________________________________________________When
I
started
to
slide,I
was
so
afraid
that
I
didn't
know
what
to
do.E
教你成篇Learning
a
New
Skill
Skiing
has
always
been
a
challenging
and
interesting
sport
for
me.【*】
Last
winter
vacation,
I
finally
had
an
opportunity
to
learn
to
ski
at
a
club.
As
a
beginner,just
putting
myself
on
the
skis
was
a
challenge.
When
I
started
to
slide,I
was
so
afraid
that
I
didn't
know
what
to
do—except
throwing
myself
in
the
snow.
However,
under
the
guidance
of
the
instructor
and
after
my
repeated
failure
and
tries,I
finally
made
my
first
turn
and
managed
to
control
my
body
successfully.
From
my
skiing
experience,I
learn
that
with
repeated
practice
and
confidence,
everyone
can
become
excellent
at
learning
a
new
skill.[名師點評]本文要點齊全,條理清晰,多樣化的敘述句式彰顯了作者較高的英語表達能力。【*】本句引入話題——假期學習滑雪技能,現(xiàn)在完成時和always的運用突出了作者長期以來對滑雪的認知。[思考]你還能從范文中總結的有用表達:詞匯____句式____提能力
遷移訓練書面表達
(2024·河南信陽期末)近期你校舉行了一次迎冬至(the
winter
solstice)活動,假如你是學校英語報記者李華,請寫一篇短文報道此次活動。內容包括:
1.活動的目的;
2.活動的具體情況;
3.大家的感受。注意:詞數(shù)80左右_______【參考答案】
In
order
to
get
a
better
understanding
of
our
tradition
and
relieve
us
from
study
pressure,
our
school
organized
an
activity
with
the
theme
of
"Welcome
The
Winter
Solstice"
in
the
school
gym
last
weekend.
There
were
various
activities,
ranging
from
making
dumplings
on
our
own
to
live
talent
shows.
Under
the
guidance
of
our
teachers,
we
created
handmade
dumplings
with
different
shapes
and
fillings.
This
activity
turned
out
to
be
a
great
joy.
Not
only
did
we
get
knowledge
about
life
skills
but
also
we
strengthened
our
national
pride
and
confidence.[總結]
范文中使用的本單元新學表達:詞匯
__________________relieve、strengthen高考題型突破如何通過核心詞復現(xiàn)巧做閱讀理解七選五真題在線
閱讀理解七選五
CGA
DE
本文是一篇說明文。作者是一個藝術家,在此以第一人稱的口吻針對初學者開啟藝術之旅給出了一些技巧和建議。36.___C【解析】空前一句提到這些小型習作可以提供靈感,可能是未來更復雜作品的跳板??蘸笠痪渲v到了"You'll
want
to
look
back
on
your
journey
to
see
how
far
you've
come",即你會想要回顧自己的藝術之旅,看看自己已經取得了多大的進展,因此空處應為承上啟下的過渡句,既與開始階段的"small
studies"有關,又與將來"look
back
on"的物件有關,而C項中的"your
beginner
art"最貼合語境,它可以幫助你看到自己從開始到現(xiàn)在取得的進步,故選C項。且本段主題句中的"Start"也是提示,與C項中的"beginner"屬于同義復現(xiàn)。37.___G【解析】空處位于本段的結尾,空前一句"Whether
you
paint
still
lives,
portraits,
or
landscapes,
paint
from
life
as
much
as
possible"講到了無論你是畫靜物畫、肖像畫還是風景畫,都要盡可能多地寫生,空處應與這樣做的目的或結果有關,而G項"你將培養(yǎng)出只有通過重復(練習)才能得到的繪畫肌肉記憶"正是指出了這樣做的好處,承接上文,符合語境,故選G項。38.___A【解析】根據(jù)本段的主旨句"Continually
challenge
yourself
to
try
something
new"可知,本段主要圍繞"不斷挑戰(zhàn)自我去嘗試新事物"展開,結合選項內容可推知,"Get
out
of
your
comfort
zone"就是"challenge
yourself"的一種方式。A項中的"comfort"與空前的"challenge"還存在反義關系。39.___D【解析】結合本空的位置可知,本空考查段落主旨句。根據(jù)空后的"feedback(反饋)"可知,空處應與"展示""分享""交流"有關,故可推斷答案為D項。且后文中的"post
my
work"與D項中的"Share
your
work"屬于同義復現(xiàn)。40.___E【解析】空前一句講到了"The
journey
you're
on
won't
follow
a
straight
path"(你的旅途不會一路平坦),而空后講到了"Push
through,
give
it
time
and
put
in
the
effort"(堅持下去,給它時間,付出努力),這是面對困境時的做法,因此空處應舉例說明"won't
follow
a
straight
path"的情況,而E項中的"roadblocks"和"discouraged"就是藝術之旅中的曲折之處,故可確定答案為E項。
詞語摘抄①put
together匯集;組織②look
back
on回首(往事);回憶;回顧③put
in/into花費,耗費,投入(時間、心思等)④still
life
n.
[C,U]靜物畫⑤portrait
/?p?:tre?t/
n.
[C]肖像,半身照⑥landscape
/?l?ndske?p/
n.[C,usually
sing.]風景,景色⑦constructive
adj.
建設性的,有助益的,積極的詞鏈
construct(vt.
修建)→
construction(n.[U]
建造)→constructive(adj.)⑧be
crucial
to...
對……至關重要crucial
/?kru:?l/
adj.至關重要的⑨in
turn
相應地,轉而;依次,輪流⑩harvest
/?hɑ?v?st/
vt.獲取,收獲
n.
[C,U]收獲?comfort
zone
n.[C,usually
sing.]舒適區(qū)?hit
roadblocks遇到障礙hit
vt.
熟詞生義
遇到(困難);經歷(不愉快的事情)Everything
was
going
well
but
then
we____trouble.
原本一切都進行得很順利,但后來我們遇到了麻煩。roadblock
n.[C]障礙hit?discouraged
/d?s?k?r?d?d/
adj.灰心的,喪氣的?redefine
vt.重新定義[思考]我們之前學過前綴re-的用法,你能說出該詞綴的含義并列出三個由其構成的單詞嗎??repetition
/?rep??t??n/
n.
[U,C]重復,重做,重說語篇梳理通方法
解題指導如何通過核心詞復現(xiàn)巧做閱讀理解七選五
閱讀理解七選五文章各段落的大意都圍繞文章的中心思想展開,而每個段落也通常是圍繞一個主旨進行闡述的。闡述段落主旨時,經常會有核心詞的復現(xiàn),但這并不是詞語的簡單重復,而是以原詞、同義詞或近義詞、反義詞、同源詞、概括詞等多種形式出現(xiàn)。常見的復現(xiàn)情況有:原詞復現(xiàn)同一個詞重復出現(xiàn)同義復現(xiàn)以同義詞的形式重復出現(xiàn)近義復現(xiàn)以近義詞或近義表達(意思相近,表達方式不同)的形式重復出現(xiàn)同根復現(xiàn)以詞義相同而詞性不同的形式重復出現(xiàn)上義詞與下義詞的復現(xiàn)作為某個詞語的上義詞或下義詞重復出現(xiàn)(上義詞和下義詞在語義上是包含和被包含的關系,如adult是teacher、parent的上義詞,而teacher、parent就是adult的下義詞)
核心詞復現(xiàn)是語篇銜接的一個重要手段,而閱讀理解七選五正是考查語篇銜接,因此,利用核心詞復現(xiàn)做閱讀理解七選五十分有用。如:續(xù)表(新課標全國卷Ⅰ)39If
you've
been
betrayed,
you
are
the
victim
of
your
circumstance.
But
there's
a
difference
between
being
a
victim
and
living
with
a
"victim
mentality".A.Learn
to
really
trust
yourself.B.It
is
putting
confidence
in
someone.C.Stop
regarding
yourself
as
the
victim.D.Remember
that
you
can
expect
the
best
in
return.E.They've
been
too
badly
hurt
and
they
can't
bear
to
let
it
happen
again.F.This
knowledge
carries
over
in
their
attitude
toward
their
future
relationships.G.Seeing
the
positive
side
of
things
doesn't
mean
you're
ignoring
what
happened.【答案】C【解析】空處是段落主題句??蘸缶淙纬霈F(xiàn)victim一詞,結合選項內容可判斷,七個選項中只有C項中有victim,為原詞復現(xiàn),故可優(yōu)先考慮。將C項"不要把自己當作受害者"代入空處,其與下文銜接緊密,故選C項。本段結構:總(總領)—分(細說)。
值得注意的是,有的題利用核心詞復現(xiàn)解題十分有用,但這并不意味著凡與上句或下句有復現(xiàn)詞的選項就一定是正確選項,只是正確的可能性更大,在解題過程中需重點考慮或優(yōu)選考慮而已。是否為正確答案,還得將含復現(xiàn)詞的選項代入原文,看該選項與上下文是否真的銜接,只有上下文銜接緊密的才是正確選項。如:(新課標全國卷Ⅰ)38Having
confidence
in
yourself
will
help
you
make
better
choices
because
you
can
see
what
the
best
outcome
would
be
for
your
well-being.A.Learn
to
really
trust
yourself.B.It
is
putting
confidence
in
someone.C.Stop
regarding
yourself
as
the
victim.【答案】A【解析】空處是段落主題句。不要因為B項與空后句中都有confidence,原詞復現(xiàn)就選B,也不要因為C項與空后句中都有yourself,原詞復現(xiàn)就選C。A項中的trust
yourself與空后的Having
confidence
in
yourself(信任你自己)是近義復現(xiàn),所以該選項要重點考慮;將A項代入原文,此處意為"學會真正地信任你自己。信任你自己有助于你做出更好的選擇……",上下文語義銜接緊密,故選A。
因此,掌握段落主旨,鎖定段落核心詞對于確定閱讀理解七選五答案很有幫助。如2023年新課標Ⅱ卷閱讀理解七選五中的第36題,C項中的beginner與該段主題句中的Start屬于同義復現(xiàn);第39題,D項中的"Share
your
work"對應后文中的"post
my
work",也屬于同義復現(xiàn)。
高考的閱讀理解七選五主要考查考生對篇章的理解能力和對上下文之間邏輯關系的分析能力。其對核心詞復現(xiàn)的考查,有助于加強對考生思維品質的訓練,幫助考生提升總結和概括的能力。提能力
遷移訓練閱讀理解七選五
(全國Ⅱ卷)If
you
are
already
making
the
time
to
exercise,
it
is
good
indeed!
With
such
busy
lives,
it
can
be
hard
to
try
and
find
the
time
to
work
out.1.
.
Working
out
in
the
morning
provides
additional
benefits
beyond
being
physically
fit.
●Your
productivity
is
improved.
Exercising
makes
you
more
awake
and
ready
to
handle
whatever
is
ahead
of
you
for
the
day.2.
.
●Your
metabolism(新陳代謝)
gets
a
head
start.3.
.
If
you
work
out
in
the
mornings,
then
you
will
be
getting
the
calorie(卡路里)
burning
benefits
for
the
whole
day,
not
in
your
sleep.GEF
●4.
.
Studies
found
that
people
who
woke
up
early
for
exercise
slept
better
than
those
who
exercised
in
the
evening.
Exercise
energizes
you,
so
it
is
more
difficult
to
relax
and
have
a
peaceful
sleep
when
you
are
very
excited.
●5.
.
If
you
work
out
bright
and
early
in
the
morning,
you
will
be
more
likely
to
stick
to
healthy
food
choices
throughout
the
day.
Who
would
want
to
ruin
their
good
workout
by
eating
junk
food?
You
will
want
to
continue
to
focus
on
positive
choices.
There
are
a
lot
of
benefits
to
working
out,
especially
in
the
mornings.
Set
your
alarm
clock
an
hour
early
and
push
yourself
to
work
out!
You
will
feel
energized
all
day
long.BAA.You
will
stick
to
your
diet.B.Your
quality
of
sleep
improves.C.You
prefer
healthy
food
to
fast
food.D.There
is
no
reason
you
should
exercise
in
the
morning.E.You
can
keep
your
head
clear
for
4-10
hours
after
exercise.F.After
you
exercise,
you
continue
to
burn
calories
throughout
the
day.G.If
you
are
planning
to
do
exercise
regularly,
or
you're
doing
it
now,
then
listen
up!
本文是一篇說明文。文章從工作效率、新陳代謝、睡眠質量和飲食習慣四個方面介紹了晨練給人們帶來的好處。1.___G【解析】根據(jù)空后的"Working
out
in
the
morning
provides
additional
benefits...fit"及下文可知,下文是在講晨練的好處,所以G項"你如果計劃定期鍛煉,或者你現(xiàn)在正在鍛煉,那就注意聽!"符合語境。2.___E【解析】根據(jù)空前兩句"Your
productivity
is
improved...the
day
"可知,E項"運動后你可以保持頭腦清醒4—10個小時"承接上文??涨耙痪渲械?more
awake"與E項中的"clear"屬于同義復現(xiàn)。3.___F【解析】此空后的"getting...the
whole
day"與F項中的"burn
calories
throughout
the
day"相照應,F項"在你運動之后,你一整天都在消耗卡路里"符合語境。4.___B【解析】結合空處位置可知,此空是本段的中心句。根據(jù)本段內容可知,本段主要講了晨練對睡眠的益處,所以B項"你的睡眠質量提高了"符合語境??蘸笠痪渲械?slept
better"與B項中的"improves"屬于同義復現(xiàn)。5.___A【解析】本段中的"healthy
food"和"junk
food"是A項中"diet"的下義詞,故A項"你會堅持你的飲食(習慣)"可以概括本段內容。如何利用關鍵詞提示解答完形填空真題在線
完形填空
44.(
)
A.race
B.school
C.town
D.trainingA
C
53.(
)
A.size
B.shape
C.color
D.tasteD54.(
)
A.smell
B.look
C.become
D.workB
詞語摘抄①course
n.[C]
熟詞生義
跑道②delay
/d??le?/
n.[C,U]延期,耽擱,延誤③turn
out
原來是,證明是,結果是④defeat
/d??fi:t/
vt.擊敗,戰(zhàn)勝
n.[U,C]失敗,挫?、輙ransform
/tr?ns?f?:m/
vt.使改觀;使改變形態(tài)⑥skyrocket/?ska?r?k?t/
vi.猛漲,劇增⑦average
/??v?r?d?/
adj.普通的,平常的,一般的⑧title
n.[C]
熟詞生義
冠軍⑨clarify
/?kl?r?fa?/
vt.闡明,澄清⑩defend
/d??fend/
vt.&
vi.保衛(wèi);防守;vt.為……辯解?demand/d??mɑ:nd/
vt.強烈要求?misshapen
/?m?s??e?p?n/
adj.畸形的,扭曲變形的?judge
/d??d?/vt.&
vi.評價;評判;判斷?remind
sb.
of
sb./sth.
使某人想起相似的人或物通方法
解題指導如何利用關鍵詞提示解答完形填空
完形填空題所選語篇材料一般以記敘文、夾敘夾議文為主,兼顧說明文和議論文。其文章都是圍繞一個話題展開的語篇,在邏輯關系和意義上前后貫通,因此在行文中不可避免地會出現(xiàn)詞語的同義詞、反義詞、指代詞、上義詞、下義詞以及詞匯的復現(xiàn)等。根據(jù)這個原則,學生在答題時應聯(lián)系上下文,尋找對設空處有提示作用的關鍵信息,找到關鍵詞,從而確定最佳答案。下面我們以表格形式列舉如何利用該方法解答上面完形填空中的幾個題:題號答案判斷依據(jù)2023·新課標Ⅰ卷44A.race結合上文提到的"a
cross-country
race"和本空前的"Bailey
was
more
than
two-thirds
of
the
way"可知,本題選race。本題是借助"原詞復現(xiàn)"現(xiàn)象來解的。2023·全國乙卷55C.winning上文提到的"champion""51(
defeated)
two
Russians"
"one
of
the
best
gymnasts"等關鍵詞都暗示她獲得了奧運會全能冠軍。winning
實際上是該語篇的話題核心詞的復現(xiàn)。題號答案判斷依據(jù)2023·全國甲卷53D.taste由上文中的"
looked
at""misshapen"及下文中的"taste"可知,此處談論的是西紅柿的外觀和味道。結合第51空所在句及下文中的"but
taste
of
water"可知本題選D項。54B.look由上文中提到的"not
at
all
like
the
nice,round,47(shiny)
things
you
get
in
a
supermarket"可知,此句描述的是超市里西紅柿的樣子,故本空選look。從意義與邏輯上來說,
nice、round、shiny都是看起來(look)西紅柿所呈現(xiàn)的樣子。續(xù)表提能力
遷移訓練完形填空
Talent
can
come
from
anywhere
and
anyone.
Whether
he
has
majored
in
art
or
has
been
blessed
with
a
talent
from
birth,
any
artist
should
be
able
to
.
.1.
.
his
gift
with
the
world.
That's.
.2.
.
what
Liz
Powers
decided
to
do
when
she,
her
brother,
and
four
local
artists
founded
ArtLifting.
This
organization
helps
.
.3.
.
artists
achieve
financial
independence
by
selling
their
works
on
ArtLifting's
website.
Though
the
website
features
145
artists
at
present,
when
Powers
first
.
.4.
.
to
shine
a
spotlight
on
undiscovered
talent,
she
wasn't
expecting
to
make
such
a(n)
.
.5.
..
Powers
was.
.6.
.
to
find
that
many
artistically
gifted
people
were.
.7.
.
simple
shelters.
When
they
created
art,
it
ended
up
in
shelter
basements.
She
understood
that
for
many
of
these
artists,.
.8.
.
could
provide
income.
They
had
the
talent;
what
they
.
.9.
.
was
a
way
to
make
it
known
to
the
world.
Therefore,
Powers
decided
to
set
up
an
online
.
.10.
..
It
would
create
a
real
.
.11.
.
between
the
artists
and
consumers
who
wanted
original
pieces
for
their
walls.
Today,
ArtLifting
is
in
19
cities
around
the
US,.
.12.
.
artists
and
bringing
their
stories
and
.
.13.
.
to
walls
around
the
country.
Historically,
artists'
works
were
usually
displayed
in
museums.
But
now
we
find
that
talent
can
be
shown
in
.
.14.
.
forms.
ArtLifting
not
only
sells
impressive
pieces;
it
also
helps
artists
.
.15.
.
what
anyone
deserves:
independence,
freedom
and
respect.
本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章講述了Liz
Powers和她的同伴們創(chuàng)辦了ArtLifting,幫助那些無家可歸的藝術家售賣作品,使他們能夠經濟獨立并獲得自由和尊重。1.(
)
A.mix
B.share
C.trade
D.exchangeB【解析】根據(jù)語境可知,此處是固定搭配"share...with...",表示任何藝術家都能夠與世界分享他的天賦。2.(
)
A.hardly
B.normally
C.exactly
D.accidentallyC【解析】根據(jù)下文中的"This
organization
helps...their
works
on
ArtLifting's
website"可知,ArtLifting網站幫助藝術家們出售作品,所以與世界分享藝術家的天賦正是(exactly)
Liz
Powers創(chuàng)辦ArtLifting的目的。3.(
)
A.shy
B.polite
C.busy
D.homelessD【解析】根據(jù)下文中的"Powers
was...simple
shelters"可知,Powers幫助的是那些住在收容所里的窮困潦倒的藝術家。由關鍵詞simple
shelters可知,此處應選D項。4.(
)
A.volunteered
B.preferred
C.decided
D.appliedC【解析】此處表示最初,當Powers決定使公眾注意到那些未被發(fā)現(xiàn)的天賦時,她沒有預料到會帶來如此大的影響,decide符合語境。5.(
)
A.impact
B.impression
C.contribution
D.donationA【解析】參見上題解析。impression"印象";contribution"貢獻";donation"捐獻"。6.(
)
A.scared
B.delighted
C.ashamed
D.shockedD【解析】結合常識可知,Powers看到許多有藝術天賦的人住在收容所,應該感到震驚,所以她才創(chuàng)辦了ArtLifting來幫助他們。7.(
)
A.searching
for
B.setting
up
C.staying
in
D.going
throughC【解析】參見上題解析。且下文中的關鍵詞shelter
basements暗示著他們是住在這里。8.(
)
A.preparations
B.experiences
C.competitions
D.creationsD【解析】根據(jù)上文中的"This
organization
helps
3(homeless)...ArtLifting's
website"可知,正是因為Powers明白創(chuàng)作可以帶來收入,所以她才創(chuàng)立ArtLifting幫助被埋沒的藝術家賣作品。其中關鍵詞financial
independence對應該空后的provide
income。9.(
)
A.received
B.needed
C.minded
D.promisedB【解析】此處表示這些被埋沒的藝術家所需要的是讓世人知道其天賦的途徑。B項符合語境。10.(
)
A.market
B.club
C.office
D.schoolA【解析】根據(jù)上下文可知,Powers建立ArtLifting就是為了給藝術家和消費者提供在線買賣市場。11.(
)
A.comparison
B.similarity
C.connection
D.gapC【解析】根據(jù)上下文可知,Powers創(chuàng)立的ArtLifting就是為了建立藝術家和消費者之間的聯(lián)系。12.(
)
A.teaching
B.supporting
C.pitying
D.protectingB【解析】根據(jù)上文可知,ArtLifting幫助藝術家出售作品,所以它是為藝術家提供幫助。13.(
)
A.adventures
B.dreams
C.pleasures
D.artworksD【解析】根據(jù)"to
walls
around
the
country"可知,掛墻上的應該是他們的藝術品。14.(
)
A.familiar
B.regular
C.different
D.popularC【解析】根據(jù)上文中的"Historically,
artists'
works
were
usually
displayed
in
museums"可知,此處表示現(xiàn)在與過去不一樣,天賦可以以不同的形式展現(xiàn)出來。15.(
)
A.achieve
B.require
C.judge
D.admitA【解析】根據(jù)上文可知,ArtLifting幫藝術家出售作品,從而讓他們有收入,進而獲得獨立、自由和尊重。微專題
新題型專練讀后續(xù)寫
閱讀下面材料,根據(jù)其內容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段,使之構成一篇完整的短文。
(2024·
湖南師大附中期中)Growing
up,
I
wanted
to
be
just
like
my
mom.
She
was
kind
and
caring,
and
always
made
people
comfortable
in
her
presence.
For
years
she
was
a
volunteer
in
our
community.
I
loved
going
to
the
local
nursing
home
to
help
with
her
when
I
was
a
child.
However,
once
I
became
a
teenager,
I
was
too
caught
up
in
my
adolescent
world
to
worry
about
helping
others.
One
particular
summer
day
when
I
was
12,
Mom
came
into
my
room
and
told
me
to
get
up
and
meet
her
at
the
car.
But
I
had
planned
to
spend
the
day
at
the
lake
with
my
friends.
Why
did
she
have
to
ruin
everything?
At
last,
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