易錯點19短文填空-2022年中考英語考試易錯題（原卷版）

易錯點19短文填空（2021·浙江衢州市·中考真題）Theyeatwildanimals,plants,berries,nuts,andinsects.Theyhuntwithbowsandarrows.Therearelotsofdangeroussnakesandspiders.It’soneofsouthernAfrica’s11(hot)places,andthereisoftennowater.Thentheyhavetogetwaterfromplants.12theyareill,therearenohospitals.Thepeoplehavetogetmedicinefromplantstoo.TheyaretheSan,13lastpeoplelivingintheKalahari.TheSanpeoplehaveanothername—”bushpeople”.14(they)lifestyleisverysimple,buttheyknowmoreaboutanimalsandplantsthanmostpeopledo.TheSanpeopleliveinsmallgroupsof2550.Theyliveinhuts—little“houses”.Thesehouses15(make)ofwoodandgrass.Therearenoschoolsforthechildren.Childrenlearnfromtheolderpeopleinthegroup.Therearelotsofthingstheyhavetolearnsothattheycanlive16adangerousplaceliketheKalahari.Intheevenings,thegroupofpeopleoftensitaroundafireandtellstories.TheKalahariisabigareaofbushlandinthesouthernAfrica.It17(have)twoparts.Thereislessraininthesouthernpartthaninthenorthernpart,18thesouthisdrier.Therearefewerplantsandanimalsthere,andit’smoredifficultforpeople19(live).Butwhenitrainsattheendofthesummer,thelandbeesgreenerandmorebeautiful.Forafewweeks,thereare20(million)oflittleflowersandevenbutterflies!一、短文填空解題步驟1.跳過空格，不看選項，快速地閱讀全文，從整體上感知全文，掌握大意，了解全篇的內容和要旨?？焖匍喿x時寧粗勿細，切忌只盯住一個句子倉促解題，這樣勢必因胸無全局而誤入歧途。快速閱讀時，還要注意找出關鍵詞，這些詞在文中起支撐骨架的功能，抓住了關鍵詞就抓住了故事的線索。特別是要重視首句，善于以首句的時態(tài)、語氣為立足點，理清文脈，推測全文時態(tài)、主題及大意。2.復讀短文，確定語義，判斷詞形。把握短文大意后再認真復讀短文，利用上下文的語境，結合所學過的知識，先確定空格處所需詞語的意義，再根據(jù)空格在句子中的位置，判斷其在句中充當?shù)某煞?，從而確定所填詞的詞性，再依據(jù)詞語搭配和語法規(guī)則，判斷所填詞的正確形式。如短文難度較大，尤其是難于選詞時，從本句的前后觀察中一時尚不得要領，就要進一步擴大到上下文中分析。3.三讀短文，上下參照，驗證答案。在短文的空白處分別填上一個詞后，將完成的短文再細讀一遍，上下參照，連貫思考?？蓮纳舷挛膬热菔欠駞f(xié)調一致、順理成章，語法結構是否正確無誤等進行綜合驗證，凡有疑問必須重新推敲考慮。二、解題技巧★已給出單詞提示型的解題技巧（1）名詞形式變化。名詞的形式變化主要有單數(shù)、復數(shù)、所有格的變化。如：Therearemanystudentslivingatschool,the___________(child)housesareallfarfromschoo1.由students一詞可以判斷出橫線處應填復數(shù)，且作houses的定語，所以應用其所有格形式，故答案為child的復合變化形式——復數(shù)的所有格children’s。（2）動詞形式變化。動詞的形式變化比較多，有謂語的變化（時態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣），有非謂語的變化（不定式、動名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞）。如：Atalk___________(give)tomorrowiswrittenbyProfessorZhang.句中的is是整句的謂語，所以橫線所在的動詞應當用作非謂語。從tomorrow可以看出，報告是＂將來＂作的，故用不定式；且報告是give動作的承受者，故可以判斷出橫線所在處用give的不定式被動式：tobegiven。（3）代詞形式變化。代詞形式變化通常是與人稱變化有關的三大類五小類，即人稱代詞（主格和賓格）、物主代詞（形容詞性和名詞性）、反身代詞。另外還有幾個不定代詞的形式變化，如noone/none、other/another等。如：Thekingdecidedtoseethepainterby___________(he).由介詞by可以看出，橫線處應填反身代詞himself。（4）形容詞、副詞比較等級變化。英語中大部分形容詞和表方式的副詞都有原級、比較級和最高級的變化。構成比較級和最高級的方式，或通過加后綴er和est，或在詞前加more/less和most/least，且形容詞的絕對最高級還要冠以the。如：Iam___________(tall)thanLiuWen.Heisthetalleststudentsinmyclass.此題后句交代了LiuWen是班上最高的學生，那＂我＂肯定比他矮，所以不能用taller，只能用表示程度不如的＂lesstall＂。（5）數(shù)詞形式變化。數(shù)詞的形式變化包括基數(shù)詞、序數(shù)詞，或加后綴teen、ty的變化，甚至還有作分母用的序數(shù)詞的單復數(shù)形式，以及one/two的特殊變化形式once/twice。如：TomythreesonsIleavemyseventeenhorses.Myeldestsonshalltakeahalf,mysecondsonshalltakea___________(three)...從上下文連續(xù)起來理解，這是一個分馬的計劃，大兒子分得ahalf，也就是＂一半＂或＂二分之一＂，那么二兒子應該得＂三分之一＂，所以要填入作分母的序數(shù)詞＂third＂才能命中目標。（6）詞的派生。詞的派生現(xiàn)象在英語中是很常見的，派生現(xiàn)象主要發(fā)生在名詞、動詞、形容詞、副詞四種詞中。這種題型還有可能檢測學生對詞根、前后綴、派生詞的掌握。如：Liouslosthiswalletyesterday,Sohewasvery___________(happiness).在這道題中，學生很容易判斷出該用形容詞，由提示詞happiness可知，它的構成詞根是happy；錢包丟了，人應該是不開心的，所以要再加個前綴un，就成了unhappy?！镂唇o出單詞提示型的解題技巧在不給任何提示的情況下填空，難度較大，主觀性較強，有時可能出現(xiàn)多種答案。（7）固定短語結構。根據(jù)句中橫線前后及整句來判斷橫線前后是否構成一個固定短語，但有時要對橫線前或后的幾個單詞＂視而不見＂才能命中答案。如：Thechildrenwereplayingontheground,enjoying___________,dirtybuthappy.從句中的happy可以猜出孩子們是開心的，所以應用enjoyoneself短語，故其答案為themselves。（8）從句引導詞。從句是此題型最為常見的一個方向，主要檢測學生對引導詞的掌握程度。如：①Hedidnotdone___________hisfatherhadaskedhimtodo.通過審題可知，橫線所在為賓語從句的引導詞，此引導詞在從句中充當賓語，且指物，所以是what。②Those___________wanttogotothevillagemustsignhere.經(jīng)過分析可以判斷出橫線所在為定語從句的引導詞，進一步分析可知先行詞為those，且指人，所以只能填who。（9）短語動詞結構。短語動詞是以動詞為中心的兩個或多個詞構成的短語，此類短語中往往是動詞與介詞或副詞連用的多些。如：Mrs.Bakerwasill,soherdaughterhadtoaskforleavetotake___________ofher.生病需要人照顧，所以答案是care，與前后詞構成takecareof。（10）介詞短語結構。介詞短語即多個詞的組合起介詞作用的短語，如：exceptfor，dueto等。如：Mr.SmithtookaplanetoLondon___________oftakingatrain.此題中說到兩種交通工具，所以可以理解此句是＂坐……而不是坐……＂的意思，故答案為instead，以構成介詞短語insteadof。（11）連詞、關聯(lián)短語結構。常用的連詞有and，or，but，so，for，while等，常用的關聯(lián)短語有both...and，either...or，neither...nor，notonly...butalso等。如：①LittleWangJuncouldnotgotoschool,___________hisfamilywastoopoor.此處表示原因，引導的分句其實是一種解釋說明，不是必然的因果關系，且前面有逗號隔開，故填for。②___________MarrieandJannielikegoingtothetheatre.橫線處的詞與后面可以構成both...and，故答案為Both。（12）冠詞、介詞和常用的副詞。冠詞只能是在a，an，the之間判斷；常用的介詞有in，at，on，before，during等，通?？疾楣潭ù钆洌桓痹~的量還是比較多，常見的有however，never，yet，much等，但一般不會考查1y形式的方式副詞。如：①Jackielikestodriveat___________highspeed.這里考查的是不定冠詞的習慣用法，答案為a，構成atahighspeed，＂以高速＂開車。②OldTom’sgranddaughterusedtovisithim___________Saturdayafternoon.Saturdayafternoon是指定的某天下午，所以不用介詞in，而用on才是正解。③Itwasonlyonedayleft,___________,hisfatherhadnoideatoanswerhim.觀察上下句，可以看出是轉折關系，且橫線與前后用逗號隔開，排除but，所以答案是however。（13）上下文中出現(xiàn)的相關詞。這一招是最為靈活的，但也是最難的。學生可以根據(jù)上下文關系和自己積累的知識，填入某個已出現(xiàn)的詞或其反義詞或其同類的某個詞。答案的線索可能在本句，可能出現(xiàn)在上下相連的一句，還可能出現(xiàn)在比較遠的地方——上下段中與此段位置大體相當?shù)木渥?。如果該橫線出現(xiàn)在某段的首句，則線索可能在上下段的首句；如果橫線出現(xiàn)在某段的末句，則線索可能在上下段的末句，以此類推。如：Tony___________travellingabroad,butdislikesstayinghomewatchingTV.由第二句話中的dislikes可以判斷出，此橫線處應該是填其反義詞likes。上述十三條技巧概括了此題型的多數(shù)考查方向，在備考復習中能起到很好的加強作用，真正做到事半功倍，較大地提高在此題型上的得分率。三、做短文填空題應注意的問題1.語義完整、適用是做好填詞的前提，要從全文的內容出發(fā)，前后上下聯(lián)系起來考慮，避免＂只見樹木，不見森林＂的錯誤。2.要善于從文中同樣結構或類似結構中尋找線索，從中得到提示和啟發(fā)，幫助確定應填詞的詞性和詞形，這樣可避免想當然地隨意亂填。3.填詞時應注意詞形，不可簡單地都填原形詞。若空格內填的是名詞，要考慮其單復數(shù)形式；若填的是形容詞或副詞，則要考慮其是否屬于比較等級；如若填的是動詞，則要特別注意考慮其時態(tài)和語態(tài)。如在句首，還要考慮其首字母的大寫。4.有些空格需要填入介詞、連詞等，除考慮上下文的內容外，還要考慮和其他詞的固定搭配及其習慣用法。5.選詞填空題和首字母填空題一般只有一個答案，自由填空題雖然可能允許有多個正確答案，但只能選擇其中一個填入，因為每個空格只準填寫一個單詞，多填反而出錯。6.到考場上以第一感覺為準，不要來回地看，既耽誤時間，又容易動搖自己的選擇。要憑預感一氣呵成地完成填空。（一）（2021·河北中考真題）HiAlice,Myname’sZhaoMingandI’dliketobeyourpenfriend.I’m16yearsold.Ihavetwolittlebrothers.They’revery21(love).Ioftenhelpmyparentslook22theminmysparetime.Mymother23(work)inatoyshop.Sheloves24(she)job.Andmyfatheris25engineer.Heisbusyeveryday,26hetriestospendmoretimewithus.I’mintheschoolbasketballteam.Weusuallyplay27(match)onSaturdaymornings.Lastweek,weplayedagainstanotherschool.Theyran28(fast)thanus.However,wehadbetterteamwork.Finally,we29(win)!Howhappywewere!Thisisthe30(eight)timewebeatthem.Couldyoutellmesomethingaboutyou?Pleasewrite.Best,ZhaoMing（二）（2021·湖南長沙市·中考真題）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內單詞的正確形式。Henryis31Americanbusinessman.Oneday,whenhewassailing(航行)onaboatnearSanFrancisco,hewascarriedoutintotheseabyastrongwind.32(luck),hewasdiscoveredandpickedupbyaLondonbound(開往倫敦的)ship.Sohe33(land)inLondonbyaccident.Aloneand34(hunger),hewalkedonthestreetsofthecity.Unexpectedly,he35(call)intoabighouse.Theretworich36(brother),OliverandRoderick,gavehimaletterandtold37(he)nottoopenituntiltwoo'clockoftheday.Henrydidn’tknowitwasamillionpound(百萬英鎊)banknote.Heleftthebighouseandwentintoacheaprestauranttogetsomethingtoeat.Everyonewasimpoliteandimpatienttohim.Why?38hewasinrags(衣衫襤褸)andlookeddirty.Then,39everyone’ssurprise,hehandedtheowneramillionpoundbanknotetopayforthemeal.Onseeingthenote,allthepeopleintherestaurantbecamefriendlyandtriedtheirbest40(please)Henry.Don’tyouthinkit’sthemostunbelievablestoryintheworld?（三）（2021·四川眉山市·中考真題）AChinesedancedrama41(make)thefirstappearanceonsocialmediaplatformsabroadalready,causingawaveofdiscussiononthebeautyofChinesecultureamongartloversworldwide.ThedancedramaLiBaiis42classicplaymadebytheChinaNationalOperaandDanceDramaTheater.Ithastouchedpeopleallovertheworld43tellingthestoryofTangDynasty(618AD—907AD)poetLiBai.LiBaiwasbornin701AD44diedin762AD．Maybebecausehetraveledaroundsomuchwhenhewaslittle,hedecided45(keep)travelingaroundthelandwhenhewas25yearsold.Hewantedtolearnmoreaboutnatureandpeople.Heexpressedhisfeelingsthroughthebeautifulwordsinhispoems.People46(real)likedhispoems.Eventodaypeoplestilladmirehispoems,notonlyadults,but47(child)too.Kidsstarttolearnhispoemswhentheyareinprimaryschools.LiBaiisoneofthe48(important)poetsinChina.HeisjustasimportantasWilliamShakespearetotheworld.Lastmonth,thedancedramaLiBai49(watch)over5.57milliontimes.AndChinahasonceagaincarriedChinesecultureforwardin50(it)ownway.（四）（2021·浙江臺州市·中考真題）閱讀下面的短文,在空白處填入一個適當?shù)脑~,或填入括號中所給單詞的正確形式。TenyearoldOrionJeanhasalwaysknownthatkindnessisimportant.Heoftenpracticeditbyvolunteeringwithhisfamily.51,afterenteringtheNationalKindnessSpeechContest,hebecamemoreactiveinit.Nowheworkstospreadkindnesseverywherethroughprojectswhichhelpothers.Hecalls52(he)actiontheRacetoKindness.After53teachertoldhimaboutthecontest,Orionhadonly24hourstowrite,memorize54recordhisspeech.Init,hetalked55theimportanceofkindness.“Kindnessislikespreadinghugsaroundtheworldtothosewhoneedit.”O(jiān)rionsaid.Heencourages56(listener)tojoinhimin“theraceofkindness”bydoingsmall,kindactsforothers.Orion’sspeechwonthecontest.Heusedhis$500prize57(collect)619toysforalocalchildren’shospital.Afterthat,Orionwantedtomakeaneven58(big)influence.Incharityhepackedmealboxesforpeopleinneedincludingakindmessageforeachreceiver.Orionsays,“Ifsomeoneistreated59(kind),itcanmaketheirdaybrighterandencouragethatpersontobekindtosomebodyelse.Andthenitjust60(grow)andmakestheworldabetterplace.”（五）（2021·浙江寧波市·中考真題）Susanwastiredofhavingherthreechildrentalkbacktoher.Oneday,sheclimbedintoherkids’treehouse.Itwas61goodplace,shethought,foramothertogoonstrike（罷工）.Shewastiredof62(drive)themeverywherewithoutthanksanddoingmorethanhershareoftheworkaroundthehouse.Until63(thing)changed,Susandecidedtostayupinthetree.Susan’sstrikegotherkids’attention,64course.Butthatwasnotallthathappened.Wordofthefedupmotherspread.Beforelong,acameracrewfromtelevision’sTodayShowcameintotheiryard.NowpeopleallacrossAmericaweregoingtofind65whodrovethekids’motherupatree.Asthecamerasworked,thethreekidsstoodwiththeirfathernearthetreehouse.Kate,theTodayShowhost,hadaquestionfor66(they).“Whatdoyouthinkaboutyourmomonstrikeinthattreehouse?”sheasked.“Iamkindofembarrassed,”saidMisty.“I’mreallyshocked,“saidJoseph.“Ididnotthinkitwouldgothisfar.Mymomismuch67(crazy)thanwethought.”Racheladded,“Ithinkmomissostrange68Icanhardlybelieveit.”ButSusanhadmadeherpoint.Ifthekids69(want)herback,theyshouldknowwhattodo.WhentheTVcrewleft,thekidswentintotheirhouse70(quick)andgotbusy.NotlongafterthatSusanclimbeddownfromthetreeandwentbacktobeingamom.（六）（2021·江蘇蘇州市·中考真題）DoesmygoldfishknowwhoIam?Ithinkthisisagreatquestion.Idospendmydays71(study)howfishgoabouttheirlives.Firstofall,fisharemuchsmarterthanpeoplethink.Peopleoftentalkofgoldfishhavingthreesecondmemories,butinfacttheycanlearnallkindsofthings,andrememberthem72quitealongtime.Thisshouldn’tsurpriseustoomuch.Justlikeotheranimals,theycanfindenoughtoeat,and73(know)whenitissaletobeoutintheopen.Beingabletolearnandrememberthingshelps74(they)dothis.Manykindsoffishcantellonefromanother,accordingtotheirgroup,theirrelatives,75eventheirowneggs.Butfishlivein76verydifferentworldfromus.Formanykindsoffish,althoughseeingisimportant,77(sense)suchassmellandtouchareevenmoreimportant.So,doesyourfishknowwhoyouare?Ibelieveyourfishwill78(sure)knowwhenitisfeedingtime.Myownfishbeevery79(excite)whenmyhandappearsneartheirtank,evenbeforeIdropthefoodin.I’mnotsurethatyourfishwillbeabletorememberwhatyourface80(look)like,butIwouldn’tbetoosurprisedifitcouldrememberyouinotherways,perhapsbythesoundofyourfootstepsasyouwalktowardsthetank.（七）（2021·四川德陽市·中考真題）Accordingtoarecentsurvey,violence(暴力)didhappeninschools.Studentsshowed81(they)fearandparentsandteachersalsoexpressedtheirworriesaboutit.Expertshopethat82wholesocietypaymoreattentiontothementalhealthofteenagers.Nowadays,schoolviolenceisahotproblem.Ithinkthisisalsoabigproblem83needsourgreatattention.Weshouldmakeeveryefforttopreventviolence84(happen)atschool,formoreandmorestudentswoulddropoutofschooliftheirpersonal85(safe)couldn’tbeguaranteed.Infact,violencecan86(learn).ChildrenlearnviolentbehaviorfromadultsorfromwhattheyseeontelevisionorontheInternet.IfImeetwithschoolviolence,Iwillnotanswerviolencewithviolence,foritwillleadto87(much)fighting.IfImeetwithschoolviolence,I88(tell)myteachersorparentsaboutit.Ithinktheywillhelpmedealwithitwellandtheywillprotectmefrombad89(guy).Allinall,everystudentshouldbehavewellandkeepaway90violence.（八）（2021·山東棗莊市·中考真題）DoyoulikeChinesefolkmusic?Maybeyouranswerisno,butIlikeitverymuch.Lastnight,afriendof91(my)tookmetoaconcertofChinesefolkmusic.Thepiecehadasimplename,ErquanYingyue(MoonRelectedonSecondSpring),whichwasplayedontheerhu,especiallymovedme.Theerhusoundedsad92tomakemealmostcryalongwithitasIlistened.93themusicwasstrangelybeautiful,underthe94(beautiful)Isensedastrongsadnessandpain.LaterIlookedupthestoryofErquanYingyue,andIbegantounderstandthesadnessinthemusic.Abing,afolkmusician95wasborninthecityofWuxiin1893,96(write)themusic.Hismotherdiedwhenhewasveryyoung.He97(teach)toplaymanyinstrumentsbyhisfather,andbyage17,Abingwasfamous98hismusicalability.However,afterhisfatherdied,Abing’slifegrew99(bad).Hewasverypoor.Notonlythat,hedevelopedaseriousillnessandbecameblind.Forseveralyears,hehadnohome.Helivedonthestreetsandplayedmusic100(make)aliving.（九）（2021·浙江金華市·中考真題）ThetopChinesescientistYuanLongping,famousforhis“SuperRice”,diedofillnessattheageof91111May22th,2021.YuanLongping112(be)borninBeijingin1930.Foralmost60years,hehadgivenmostofhistimeandenergytoriceresearch.Sofar,thehybridrice(雜交水稻)hedeveloped113(pull)millionsofpeopleoutofhungerallovertheworld.Hisachievementsweresogreat114hewascalled“TheFatherofHybridRice”andwonWorldFoodPrize.Duringhislifetime,YuanLongpingspent115(much)timeinthefarmfieldthaninhisoffice.Hewasoftenseenwatchingplants116(close)andthinkingofwaystoimprovethem,justasmanyChinese117(farmer)do.Yuanoncesaidhehad118dream—to“enjoythecoolunderthericeplantstallerthanmen”.119apityitisthathecan’tcontinuehisdreamnow!Butsurely,peoplebelieve,hisdream120(e)trueinthenearfuture.（十）（2021·浙江嘉興市·中考真題）Inthepast,myoldgrandmotherdidn’tenjoytalkingonthephone.Actually,shehateditsoshewasalwaysrefusing121(use)it.Shetoldusthatshepreferredspeakingtopeopleinperson.Italways122(make)hersadthatshecouldn’tseethepersonshewastalkingto.Theotherday,wechattedwithmygrandmother,123mentionedvideocallingovertheInternet.It124(invent)forpeopletoseeeachotherwhiletalkingonline.Thenwecameupwith125idea.Weboughtheralaptop(筆記本電腦).Oneofmy126(cousin)wentovertoherhouseandtaughtherhowtouseit.127(lucky),shewasaquicklearner.Now,sheenjoys128(her)whentalkingwithuseveryday.Sheishappyandyoucantellfromtheexpression129herface.Shesaysit’salsoveryconvenient.Shecanputitanywhereinthehouse130itissmallanddoesn’ttakeupmuchroom.Sometimessheeventalkstouswhileshe’sinthekitchencooking!（十一）（2021·浙江麗水市·中考真題）Ed,WilliamandDanarethreeyoungmenwholovemusic.They’velefttheirfortablehomeswithouttakingany131(money)ormobilephones.Theyplan132(walk)aroundthewholeBritain,singingfordinnerandsleepinganywherelikefields.EdandDanmetWilliamwhentheywereatschool.Theyalllikedwalking.133theyfinishedschool,EdwenttostudyartinParisandbecame134artist.DanbecameagardenerandWilliamabookseller.Theywerestillfriends,135theyweren’tveryhappywiththeirlives.Onedaytheysaid,“Whydon’twestartwalking?”Andsotheydid.Theylovesimpleactivities136thebusy,stressfulworld.“Peopleoftenask137(we)whywe’redoingthis.Butyouknowit’sagreatlifeandwe’relearningsomuchonourjourney,”saysWilliam138(proud).Lastyeartheystartedawebsitetotellpeoplealotofstoriesabouttheirwalks.Thisyearthey’dliketomakevideosandtell139(many)stories.Nextyear,they140makeCDoftheirsongsandstarcharity.Thefuturelooksgood.（十二）（2021·浙江衢州市·中考真題）EdgarSnow(1905—1972)wasanAmericanreporter.Heisbestknownforhisbooksand1（文章）onmunisminChinaandtheChinesemunistrevolution.SnowcametoChinain1928.Hespentover10years2（旅行）widelyinChinaandtryingtounderstanditspeople.Atthesametime,hetriedtoshowwhathelearnedtotherestoftheworld.For3（例子）,RedStarOverChina,whichcameoutinthe1930s,isknownasthefirstbookthatintroducedChina’srevolutiontothewest.Init,Snow4（收集）firsthandinformationontheLongMarch,aswellasontheworkandlifestyleofmembersofthemunistPartyofChinainShaanxiProvince.ManyWesternerswereintroducedtothePartythroughhisbook.NormanBethune,a5（加拿大的）doctor,ca