專題26閱讀理解（議論文）（原卷版）-2023年中考英語考點詳解專項訓練

議論文往往有觀點，有事實，邏輯性強，命題往往從事實的有關(guān)細節(jié)及文章的主旨或作者的表達意圖等方面著手，考查我們的思維能力和判斷能力。所以考生要培養(yǎng)根據(jù)上下文猜詞的能力，或者說根據(jù)情境能揣測作者的意圖。議論文的閱讀同其他體裁文章的閱讀理解一樣，可以有主旨大意、細節(jié)理解、推理判斷、詞義猜測等幾種出題方式。議論文體閱讀理解題的應(yīng)對策略解答議論類閱讀理解試題，可以從以下幾個方面著手考慮：作者在開始敘述一個現(xiàn)象，然后對現(xiàn)象進行解釋。這類文章的主題是文中最重要的解釋或作者所強調(diào)的解釋，閱讀時要注意作者給出的原因，所以又被稱為原因—結(jié)果(Cause&Effect)型。還有一種比較常見的是問題—答案型，作者在一開始或一段末以問句提出一個問題(相當于一個現(xiàn)象)，然后給出該問題的答案(相當于解釋)。針對文中問題給出的主要答案就是這種文章的中心。這里強調(diào)一點，答題時優(yōu)先考慮正面答題(直接從文章內(nèi)容得出答案)，然后從中心、態(tài)度或利用解答特征等其他角度對選項進行檢驗；如果從文章內(nèi)容中直接無法解決，則從中心和態(tài)度方面考慮；次之，從解答特征方面考慮。考生往往最怕此類體裁。山窮水盡時，記?。菏紫葟恼w上把握文章中心和作者所持的態(tài)度，靠近中心的就是答案。解題方法：1.把握文章的論點、論據(jù)和論證。此外，還要把握文章的結(jié)構(gòu)和語言。2.互推法：在議論之后，總會再列舉一些具體的例子來支持觀點或在一些例子之后，總要抒發(fā)一些議論?？忌诶斫庾h論時，可以借助文中所給的實例，從而在形象的例子中推理出抽象的議論；或從議論中推理理解具體例子的深刻含義，相互推斷。3.推理法：推理的結(jié)論一定是原文有這層意思，但沒有明確表達的。推理要根據(jù)文章的字面意思，通過語篇、段落和句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系，各個信息所暗示和隱含的意義，作者的隱含意等對文章進行推理判斷?？忌晌淖值谋韺有畔⑼诰虺鑫恼碌纳顚雍x，要能透過現(xiàn)象看本質(zhì)。二、解題技巧歷年全國中考英語閱讀理解的題型無非基本都是考查主旨大意、詞義猜測、推理判斷和細節(jié)理解四大題型。其中，命題以細節(jié)理解題為主，推理判斷題為輔，又兼顧詞義猜測題和主旨大意題。細節(jié)理解題和推理判斷題主要考查的是對原文具體細節(jié)的理解和把控能力，難度相對較小，廣大考生除了平時必要的閱讀量和詞匯量的積累以外，掌握一定的解題技巧對解答閱讀理解題來說也是至關(guān)重要的。具體說來：1.主旨大意型干擾項可能是文中某個具體事實或細節(jié)。干擾項可能是從文中某些(不完全的)事實或細節(jié)片面推出的錯誤結(jié)論。干擾項可能是非文章事實的主觀臆斷。正確答案根據(jù)文章全面理解而歸納概括出來；不能太籠統(tǒng)、言過其實或以偏概全。主旨大意題主要考查學生把握全文主題和理解中心思想的能力。根據(jù)多年的備考及高考實踐，這類題目考查的范圍是：基本論點、文章標題、主題或段落大意等。它要求考生在理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上能較好地運用概括、判斷、歸納、推理等邏輯思維方法，對文章進行高度概括或總結(jié)，屬于高層次題。選擇＂主題＂旨在考查考生是否掌握了所讀文章的主要內(nèi)容或主旨，通常用詞、短語或句子來概括。常見的提問方式有：1.Whatisthemain/generalideaofthistext?2.Whatismainlydiscussedinthispassage?3.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?4.Thistextmainlytellsus_________.5.Thispassagemainlydealswith_________.6.Themainideaofthispassagemaybebestexpressedas_________.7.Thetopicofthispassageis_________.標題選擇題則是讓考生給所讀的文章選擇一個合適的標題。通常標題由一個名詞或名詞短語充當，用詞簡短、精練。常見的提問方式有：1.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?2.Whichofthefollowingisthebest/mostsuitabletitleforthistext?3.Thebest/mostsuitabletitleforthistextwouldbe__________.不管是選擇＂主題＂還是選擇＂標題＂，實質(zhì)上都是要求考生從整體上理解語篇內(nèi)容，找出貫穿語篇的主線；不管是何種體裁的文章，都是圍繞一個主題來展開的。在試題設(shè)計上，3個干擾項的內(nèi)容一般在文章里或多或少都有涉及，但并非主要內(nèi)容，需要注意甄別。2.事實細節(jié)型細節(jié)理解題主要考查考生對文章中某些細節(jié)或重要事實的理解能力。它一般包括直接理解題和語意理解題兩種。直接理解題的答案與原文直接掛鉤，從閱讀材料中可以找到。這種題難度低，只要考生讀懂文章，就能得分，屬于低層次題。做此類題時可以使用定位法與跳讀法。定位法即根據(jù)題干和選項所提供的信息直接從原文中找到相應(yīng)的句子(即定位)，然后進行比較和分析(尤其要注意一些同義轉(zhuǎn)換)，從而選出正確答案。跳讀法即根據(jù)題干和選項所提供的信息跳讀原文，并找到相關(guān)的句子(有時可能是幾個句子)或段落，然后進行簡單分析、推理等，從而找出正確答案。(1)解題原則：忠實于原文上下文及全篇的邏輯關(guān)系，決不能主觀臆斷。文章中心是論點，事實細節(jié)是論據(jù)或主要理由；有關(guān)細節(jié)問題常對文中某個詞語、某句子、某段落等細節(jié)及事實進行提問，所提問題一般可直接或間接在文章中找到答案。提問的特殊疑問詞常有：what,who,which,where,how,why等。在閱讀理解中，要求查找主要事實和特定細節(jié)的問題常有以下幾種命題方式：①Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?②Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedinthetext?③Theauthor(orthepassage)statesthat__________.④Accordingtothepassage,when(where,why,how,who,what,which,etc.)__________?(2)干擾項：范圍過大、過??；偷換概念；正誤并存，某個分句是正確的。閱讀理解中細節(jié)理解題的干擾項的設(shè)置有以下幾個原則：①包含項原則在答案選項分析中，假如對A選項的理解概括了對其他三項(或其中某一項)的理解，那么我們就說選項A與其他三項是包含或概括關(guān)系，包含項A往往就是正確答案。如在＂花＂與＂玫瑰＂兩選項中，正確答案肯定是＂花＂，花包含了玫瑰。②正反項原則所謂正反項，是指兩選項陳述的命題完全相矛盾。兩個相互矛盾的陳述不能都是假的，其中必有一真。所以，假如四選項中A、B互為正反項，那我們通常先排除C、D項，正確答案一般在A、B項當中。③委婉項原則所謂委婉，這里是指說話不能說死，要留有余地。閱讀理解選項中語氣平和、委婉的往往是正確答案。這些選項一般含有不十分肯定或試探性語氣的表達，如：probably,possibly,

may,usually,might,mostof,moreorless,relatively,belikelyto,notnecessary,although,yet,inaddition,tendto等等，而含有絕對語氣的表達往往不是正確答案，如：must,always,never,all,every,any,merely,only,pletely,none,hardly,already等等。④同形項原則命題者往往先將正確答案設(shè)置在一個大命題范圍，然后通過語言形式的細微變化來考查考生的理解能力與分析能力。同形項原則告訴我們：詞匯與句法結(jié)構(gòu)相似的選項中有正確答案的存在。⑤常識項原則議論文中，那些符合一般常識、意義深刻富有哲理、符合一般規(guī)律、屬于普遍現(xiàn)象的往往是正確答案。⑥因果項原則閱讀理解的邏輯推理基本都是通過因果鏈進行的，前因后果，一步步循序漸進。然而，在推理題的選項中，有的選項會推理不到位(止于前因)，或者推理過頭(止于后果)，這就是所謂的干擾項。因果項原則啟示我們：假如四個選項中有兩項互為同一事物推理過程中的因果關(guān)系，那么正確答案就是兩個因果項中的其中之一。如果因項可產(chǎn)生幾個結(jié)果，那么答案就是因；如果果項可以對應(yīng)幾個原因，那么答案就是果。解題方法：原文定位法。查讀法：(1)帶著問題找答案，把注意力集中在與who,what,when,where問題有關(guān)的細節(jié)上。(2)細心!3.詞義猜測型閱讀理解的測試中經(jīng)常有猜測詞、短語、習語、句子意義的題目，近幾年高考閱讀中詞義猜測題的考查方法呈多樣化，其中根據(jù)上下文語境推測詞義將會越來越多。有時短文中出現(xiàn)一個需猜測其意義的詞或短語，后文接著會出現(xiàn)其定義、解釋或例子，這就是判斷該詞或短語意義的主要依據(jù)。除此之外，我們還可以根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系進行判斷：根據(jù)上下句的連接詞，如but，however，otherwise等就可以看到前后句在意義上的差別，從而依據(jù)某一句的含義來確定另一句的含義。另外，分號(；)也可以表示轉(zhuǎn)折、對比或不相干的意義。還可以根據(jù)因果關(guān)系進行判斷。俗話說，＂有因必有果，有果必有因＂。根據(jù)原因可以預測結(jié)果，根據(jù)結(jié)果也可以找出原因。當然了，這些詞、短語、習語要么是生詞，要么是熟詞新義，單靠平時積累是不夠的，還要掌握以下做題技巧。(1)根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法(轉(zhuǎn)化、合成、派生)進行判斷。(2)根據(jù)文中的定義、事例、解釋猜生詞。用事例或解釋猜生詞；用重復解釋的信息猜生詞。(3)根據(jù)上下文的指代關(guān)系進行選擇。文章中的代詞it，that，he，him或them可以指上文提到的人或物，其中it和that還可以指一件事。(4)根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系進行判斷。根據(jù)上下句的連接詞如but，however，otherwise等可以看到前后句在意義上的差別，從而依據(jù)某一句的含義，來確定另一句的含義。(5)根據(jù)因果關(guān)系進行判斷。俗話說，＂有因必有果，有果必有因＂。根據(jù)原因可以預測結(jié)果，根據(jù)結(jié)果也可以找出原因。(6)根據(jù)同位關(guān)系進行判斷。閱讀中有時出現(xiàn)新詞、難詞，后面跟著一個同位語，對前面的詞進行解釋。(7)利用標點符號和提示詞猜測詞義。分號還可以表示轉(zhuǎn)折、對比或不相干的意義；破折號表示解釋說明。常見的問題形式有：(1)The

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…常用應(yīng)對方法：同義法：常在詞或短語之間有并列連詞and或or，它們連接的兩項內(nèi)容在含義上是接近的或遞進的，由此可以推測詞義。反義法：如hotandcold,giveandreceive等，或前句為肯定，后句為否定。總之，互為反義的詞與詞間都起著互為線索的作用。釋義法：對文章中的生詞用定語(從句)、表語，甚至用逗號、破折號等標點符號引出并加以解釋說明。此外，還有情景推斷法、代詞替代法等。做題要領(lǐng)(1)從文中找線索或信息詞；(2)根據(jù)熟悉的詞及詞義判斷新詞的意思；(3)根據(jù)上下文判斷新詞在特定句中的確切意思。(4)要特別注意熟詞新意！4.推理判斷型做題要領(lǐng)：既要求學生透過文章表面文字信息推測文章的隱含意思，又要求學生對作者的態(tài)度、意圖及文章細節(jié)的發(fā)展作出正確的推理判斷，力求從作者的角度考慮而不是固守自己的看法。常見的命題方式有：(1)Thepassageimplies(暗示)that_________.(2)Wecanconclude(得出結(jié)論)fromthepassagethat_________.(3)Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferred(推論)?(4)Whatisthetone(語氣)oftheauthor?(5)Whatisthepurpose(目的)ofthispassage?(6)Thepassageisintendedto_________.(7)Wherewouldthispassagemostprobablyappear?1、（2022·四川綿陽·中考真題）Doyoupareyourselftootherpeople?Perhapsyourbestfriendreceivessomethingyoureallywant,oryou’renotallowedtogotoaconcertbutyourbrotherorsisteris.Eventhoughparisonsaremonandcansometimesbehelpful,focusing(專注)onyourownprogressisimportantforyourhappiness.“Weoftenpareourselvestootherswhoaredoingbetterornotaswellasourselves.”saysDr.Jack.“ButIsuggestparingyourselftoyourpastselfandyourfutureself.Thiscanmakeyoufeelproudofwhatyou’veachievedandexcitedaboutwhatyoumightdo.Focusingonyourownpurposesismoreworthwhilethanalwaystryingtoeoutontop.”paringyourselftothosearoundyouisnaturalandweoftendoitwithoutrealizingit.Itcanhelpustobeclearaboutourachievementsandtoformfriendshipswithnewpeoplewhohavesimilarinterests.However,it’simportanttorememberthatnobodyisperfectinreallife.It’salsoimportanttotakenoteofhowtheparisonismakingyoufeel.“Ifyoubegintofeelquitelow,focusonyourownstrengths.”saysJack.Inotherwords,youcanaskyourselfquestionslike“WhatcanIdowellin?”,whichcanhelpyoutrustyourself.Maybehereyouarewondering“Whatifallmyfriendsarebetterthanme?”.Dr.Whitesaysthatjealousy(妒忌)isnotbadbutfocusingonbetteringyourownworkcanhelpyoufeeljustassuccessful.Healsomentionsthatlearningtocelebrateyourfriends’successcannotonlyhelptocheeryourfriendsupbutalsohelpyoufeelgood.Itwillencourageyoutobuildeachotherup.1．WhatdoesthewritertellusinParagraph1?A．Weshouldparewithothers. B．Weshouldsharethingswithbrothers.C．Weshouldenjoyconcertswithsisters. D．Weshouldfocusonourownprogress.2．Whyshouldyoupareyourselftoyourpastself?A．Tocareaboutothers. B．Tochangeyourpurposes.C．Toincreaseyourexcitement. D．Tobeproudofyourachievements.3．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“yourownstrengths”probablymeaninParagraph3?A．whatyou’regoodat B．whatyou’veunderstoodC．whatyou’recrazyabout D．whatyou’veexperienced4．WhatdoesDr.Whitesuggest?A．Trustingyourfriends. B．Cheeringontinysuccess.C．Celebratingothers’success. D．Formingadeepfriendship.5．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．PlanYourOwnFuture B．EnjoyYourOwnHappinessC．RunYourOwnRace D．FollowYourOwnDream2、（2022·浙江衢州·中考真題）OpinionsonLifeSkillsEducationAlthoughstudentsarebusystudying,itisimportanttorememberanotherareaofstudylifeskills,suchaswashingclothesandgrowingvegetables.Theyareusefulinourdailylife.Herearesomeopinionsaboutlifeskillseducation.Mrs.BlairChildrenneedtolearnmostofthelifeskillsatschool.Asparents,wecanhelpthemtakepartinactivitiesaroundthehouseandintheneighbourhood.LiPingWehavelifeskillsclassesatschool.They’requiteuseful.Theyhelpprepareforeverydayreallifesituations,fromwashingdishestopreparingameal.Theseclassesgiveusknowledgeweneedtoliveonourown.KevinI’mnotsurewhetheritisnecessarybecauseIhaven’ttriedlifeskillsclassesyet.Inmyschool,manystudentspaynoattentiontolearninglifeskills.Theydon’tthinkitwillimprovetheirchancesofgettingintocollege.MaryHavinglifeskillsclassesatschoolisimportant.Besides,thereareotherwaysforustolearnlifeskills.WecanwatchvideosontheInternet.Wecanalsolearnfromourparentsandtakepartintheactivitieswiththem.6．InKevin’sopinion,manystudentspaynoattentiontolearninglifeskillsbecause________.A．theyarenotinterestedinit B．it’shelplessforattendingcollegeC．theyarenotsurewhattolearn D．it’suselesstoimprovelivinglevel7．AccordingtoLiPing,whatcanwegetfromlifeskillseducation?A．Knowledgeforcollege. B．Chancestohelpourneighbours.C．Knowledgeforlivingalone. D．Chancestolearnfromourparents.8．Whohavethesameopiniononlifeskillseducationaccordingtothetext?A．LiPing,KevinandMary. B．Mrs.Blair,KevinandMary.C．Mrs.Blair,LiPingandKevin. D．Mrs.Blair,LiPingandMary.3、（2022·湖北黃石·中考真題）Nowadays,expertscallonhighschoolstudentstoreadasmanyliteraryclassics(文學名著)aspossible.Whatdoyouthinkofit?Linda:Wedon’thaveenoughlifeexperiences,sowemayhavedifficultyunderstandingthedeeperclassics.Butthisshouldn’tbeareasontogiveupreadingclassics.AsFrancisBaconsaid,“Readingmakesafullman;conference(談話)areadyman;andwritinganexactman.”Curry:Classicsarethetreasuresourancestorsleftus.Weshouldreadthemandpassthemdown.AstheoldChinesesayinggoes,“Onewhoisfilledwithknowledgealwaysbehaveswell.”Classicscanopenupourmindsanddevelopourinterestinculture.Frank:Withoutbackgroundandlifeexperiences,studentscan’tunderstandwhatwriterswanttoexpressintheirclassics.Whilereading,somestudentsmainlypayattentiontowordsandexpressionsratherthanthehiddenideas.Forthisreason,readingclassicsmightbeawasteoftime.Mary:Ontheonehand,notallclassicsaresuitable(合適的)forallstudents,astherearemanydifficultexpressionsanddeepideas.Ontheotherhand,thespecialwritingstylesmakeitdifficultforstudentstounderstand.Sotheywon’tprobablychoosethem.9．Whoagreeswiththeideaofreadingliteraryclassics?A．Linda&Curry. B．Linda&Mary. C．Curry&Frank. D．Frank&Mary.10．WhatdoesCurrythinkofliteraryclassics?A．Theyimprovestudents’readingskills. B．Theydevelopstudents’interestinculture.C．Theyhelpstudentslearnmorewords. D．Theycanchangestudents’personalities(個性).11．Frankthinksclassicsarenotworthreadingbecause________.A．thewritersliveindifferentcountriesB．studentsprefertoreadaboutlifeexperiencesC．studentsmightpaymoreattentiontowordsandexpressionsD．studentsmightnotunderstandthewritingstyles12．BothLindaandCurryexplaintheirideasby________.A．listingexamples B．showingnumbersC．givingquotes(引語) D．makingparisons(對比)13．Whatdoesthepassagetalkabout?A．Whyliteraryclassicsbeepopularinhighschools.B．Whetherhighschoolstudentsshouldreadliteraryclassics.C．Whyhighschoolstudentsshouldreadliteraryclassics.D．Howhighschoolsshouldhelpstudentsimprovereadingskills.4、（2022·北京·中考真題）Whenitestoameaningfullife,wemightthinkoflove,happinessandhealth.Alifefilledwithmeaningiswhatmostofuswantforourselves.Then,whatmakesameaningfullife?Manyresearchersagreethatameaningfullifeesdowntothreefactors(因素):havinglongtermgoals,believingthatone’slifematters,andfeelingthatone’slifefitstogetherand“makessense”.Butwebelievethereismoretoconsider.Sometimeslifeenablesustoexperiencesmallmomentsofbeauty.Whenpeopleareopentoappreciating(欣賞)suchexperiences,thesemomentsmayimprovehowtheyseetheirownlife.Wecallthisexperientialappreciation(EA).EAisaboutthepersonfeelingconnectedtoeventsandbeingabletoappreciatethevaluewithintheconnection.Itshowsthediscoveryofandadmirationforlife’sbeauty.WerecentlysetouttobetterunderstandEAinstudies.WewereinterestedinwhetherEAwasalsotiedtogeneraljudgmentofmeaninginlife.Ifso,itcouldbeafactorformeaningfulness.Inthefirststudy,wehadpeoplerate(評估)theirsupportfordifferentmethodsofreducingstress.Wefoundthatpeoplewhomanagedstressbyfocusingontheirappreciationforlife’sbeautyalsoreportedexperiencinglifeashighlymeaningful.Inthenextstudy,weaskedpeopletoratethedegreetowhichtheyagreedwithvariousstatements,suchas“Iappreciatethebeautyoflife”and“Iappreciatelittlethingsinlife,”aswellasotherstatementsthatrelatedtothethreefactorsandageneralsenseofmeaninginlife.Ourresultsshowedthatthemorepeoplereportedthattheywere“appreciatinglife”anditsmanyexperiences,themoretheyfelttheirlifewasvaluable.Inthefollowingstudies,wefurtherlookedattheconnectionbetweenEAandmeaningfulness.Forexample,wefoundthatpeoplewhowereaskedtolookbackonthemostmeaningfuleventofthepastweekgenerallyreportedhighEAinthosemoments.Alltheresultsprovedourtheory(假設(shè))true.Butputtingitintopracticecanbedifficult.Ourfastpacedlifestylesfillthedaywithgoals.Wetrytogetthehighestoutputbothatworkandinsparetime.Thisfocusonfutureoutesmakesitalltooeasytomisswhatishappeningrightnow.Weshouldslowdownandletlifesurpriseus.14．YouweremostprobablyintheEAconditionwhen_________.A．youmadeatravelplanfortheingholidayB．youhurriedtoservethecustomersinthestoreC．youpracticedhardtobeethebestviolinistD．youstoppedtoadmiretherosesbytheroadside15．Whatcanwelearnfromthestudiesmentionedinthepassage?A．Thinkingbacktothepastweakensoursenseofmeaning.B．Enjoyingsmallthingscaninfluenceourattitudetowardlife.C．Properstressmanagementisthekeytolivingasatisfyinglife.D．Goodjudgmentonbeautyimprovesconnectionsamongpeople.16．Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytellus?A．Itiseasierforresultsdrivenpeopletoachievesuccess.B．Weoftenturnablindeyetothepresentmoment.C．Afastpacedlifestylehelpsusreachourgoals.D．Futurelifewillbringusmanymoresurprises.17．Whatisthewriter’smainpurposeinwritingthispassage?A．Toexplainhowtodiscoverbeautyinlife.B．Todiscusswhatthetruemeaningoflifeis.C．Tointroduceanewfactorforameaningfullife.D．Toparedifferentfactorsformeaningfulness.5、（2022·山東菏澤·中考真題）Theysayonceyoulearnhowtorideabike,youneverforget.Mostofuslearntwhenwewerekids,andmanystillshootoffforaridearoundthestreets.Inrecenttimes,cyclinghasseenariseinpopularity,sothequestionis:whatmakesitsopopulartopeopletoridetheirbikesonceagain?First,let’slookatthegoodforhealth.Cyclingcanimproveyourhealthandburnextrabodyfat.Exercisingyourlegshelpstoincreaseyourstrength.Andcycling’sgoodisn’tjustphysical,butmental(精神的)aswell.Alongrideinthecountrysidecouldhelpyoutoclearyourmind,orloweryourworry.Butit’snotonlyaboutyourbodyandmind,therearealsosomegoodsidesforyourwallet’s(錢包)health.Cyclingcanbeagreatwaytogotoworkorgoaroundtown.Bycycling,yousavemoneyinsteadofdrivingacarortakingabus.Ifyoudrivetowork,sometimesfindingsomewheretoparkcanbeaverydifficultthing.However,findingsomewheretolockyourbikecanbemuchsimpler.Then,onthebus,therearechangesatstationsandotherpassengersspeakingloudlyontheirphonestodealwith.Cyclistsfaceneitheroftheseproblems.Andifyou’reworriedaboutsafety,therearespecialcyclewaysinmanybigcities.Wearinghighvisibility(高能見度)clothingisanotherwaytoimproveyoursafetywhencyclingontheroads.Finally,cyclingcanalsobegoodfortheenvironment.Itcanhelpyoutoreduceyourcarbonfootprint(碳足跡).Notgivinggasesoutintotheairisbetterfortheplanetandyourownenvironment.So,whetherpeoplewanttocyclefortheirhealth,goingaroundtown,theirwallet,theenvironment,orabination(結(jié)合)ofallofthem,thepopularityofcyclingisontherise.18．Whatisthepurposeofthefirstparagraph?A．Toexplainareason.B．Toraiseaquestion.C．Togiveanexample.19．Whatisthemeaningof“wallet'shealth”inParagraph2?A．Cyclingsavesmoney.B．Cyclingwastesmoney.C．Cyclingkeepsyourwalletsafe.20．Whyiscyclinggoodfortheenvironment?A．Itburnsextrabodyfat.B．Itiseasytolockabicycle.C．Ithelpsreducecarbonfootprint.21．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Cyclingforphysicalhealth.B．Cyclingforsafetyontheroad.C．Thegrowingpopularityofcycling.6、（2022·四川廣安·中考真題）Youmayknowabout“junkfood”likeFrenchfries.Butdoyouknowabout“junksleep”?Recently,aBritishsurvey（調(diào)查）showsthattherearemanyelectronicproductsinteenagers’bedrooms.Theyareinfluencingteenagers’sleepbadly.Thesurveywasdoneamong1,000Britishkidsfrom12to16.Itfoundthat50%ofthemgotjust4to7hours’sleepeveryday.Butdoctorssaytheyneed8to9hours.Almost25%ofthekidssaidtheyoftenfellasleepwhiletheywerewatchingTV,listeningtomusicorusingotherelectronicproducts.“Thisisveryworrying,”saidDr.Chris,aBritishprofessor（教授）.“Wecallit‘junksleep’.Itmeansyoudon’tgetenoughsleepandthequality（質(zhì)量）ofthesleepislow,too.Ifyoudon’tgetagoodrest,youwon’tdowellinschoolthenextday.”Thesurveyfoundthatquiteafewofthekidsfelttiredeachdaybecauseofthejunksleep,especiallygirlsbetween13and16feelingtheworst.Nearlyalltheteenagershaveaphone,MP5orTVintheirbedrooms.Andlotsofthemevenhaveallthethree.Dr.Chrissuggestedthatparentsshouldhelptheirchildrenkeepawayfromelectronicproducts,andteenagersshouldspendlesstimeontheelectronicproducts.22．Whatdoesthispassagemainlytalkabout?A．Junkfood. B．Junksleep.C．Electronicproducts. D．Theimportanceofsleep.23．Howmanyofthechildrensleeponly4to7hoursadayinthesurvey?A．200. B．250. C．500. D．1000.24．“Junkfood”and“junksleep”aresimilartoeachotherbecause________.A．theyarebothlowinquality B．theyarebothneededinourlifeC．theyarebothenjoyedatweekends D．theyarebothnecessaryforpeople’shealth25．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．Teenagersof12to16onlyneed4to7hours’sleepeachday.B．Fewoftheteenagershaveelectronicproductsintheirbedrooms.C．Teenagersspendtoomuchtimeonelectronicproducts.D．Girlsbetween13and16spendtheleasttimeonelectronicproducts.26．Whichofthefollowingshouldbethebestwaytosolvetheproblem?A．Parentsmusttaketheelectronicproductsawayfromtheirchildren.B．Parentsstoptheteenagersfromusinganyelectronicproduct.C．Teenagersshoulddecidenottousetheelectronicproducts.D．Teenagersshouldspendlesstimeontheelectronicproducts.7、（2022·湖北鄂州·中考真題）Inmyopinion,China’s“DoubleReduction”Policy（“雙減”政策）aimedateasing（減輕）educationrelatedpressureonparentsandchildreniseffective.Nowtakemyhomeasanexampletoshowhowitworks.“Dad!Getup!Youpromisedtotakeustothezootoday!”mytwodaughtersshoutedtogetheronerecentSaturdaymorning.Theclockhadjuststruckseven,butourhousehadalreadygottennoisierthanthemonkeysinthezoo!Forfamilieswithchildren,weekendshavebeeverydifferent.Inthepast,mywifeandIcouldatleastsleepin（睡懶覺）.Thenat9o’clock,wehadtowakeupthekids.Afterthrowingthemintoatutoringclass（輔導班）,wecouldenjoyseveralhourstoourselves.Butnow,theseclassesaregonealtogether.Kids,ofcourse,arehappyaboutthis.EveryTuesdayorWednesdayevening,mygirlswouldaskme,“WherearewegoingtospendthisingSaturday?”Luckily,therearestillsomeclassesforthemtoattend.OnSundays,mygirlsgotolearnballetandchess.Theyreallyenjoytheirtimethere.Myelderdaughterisoldenoughtoreadquietlyonherown.Onluckydays,wecangethertoreadtogetherwithhersister.Still,aquiet“petition”ison.Mygirlssometimestalkabouthowtheirclassmateshavespentanexcitingweekend.It’stheirwayofplainingaboutmylaziness.Weekendsaremoretiringnowforparents,butIthinktheyaregoodforkids.Afterall,childhoodshouldbemorethanjuststudyingschoolsubjects.Itshouldbemorecolorful.27．Whatistheaimofthe“DoubleReduction”Policy?A．Toeaseeducationrelatedpressureonparentsandchildren.B．Tomakeparentsstaywiththeirchildrenatweekends.C．Tomakeparentshavemoretimeforthemselvesatweekends.D．Tomakechildrenandtheirparentshaveagoodtimeatweekends.28．WhatdidthewriterdowithhischildrenonerecentSaturdaymorning?A．Theytravelledtothecountryside. B．Theywentcamping.C．Theywenttothezoo. D．Theywenttoatutoringclass.29．Whenthetutoringclassesaregonealtogether,childrenare________.A．tired B．sad C．happy D．surprised30．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A．Thewriter’selderdaughterisoldenoughtoreadquietlybyherself.B．The“DoubleReduction”Policyiseffective.C．Thewriter’schildrenlearnballetandchessonSundaysnow.D．Weekendsaremorerelaxingforparentsbecauseofthe“DoubleReduction”Policy.31．Whatmightbethewriter’sattitude（態(tài)度）towardthePolicy?A．Supportive. B．Disapproving. C．Doubtful. D．Unsure.8、（2022·湖南永州·中考真題）OnAugust30,2021,theChinesegovernmentannouncedthatkidswouldnotbeallowedtoplayonlinegamesMondaystoThursdays.Onweekendsandholidays,kidswouldbelimited(限制)toanhouradayofonlinegaming.“Recently,manyparentshavereportedthatplayinggamescrazilyamongsomeyouthsandchildrenisseriouslyharmingtheirnormalstudy,lifeandhealth.”theChinesegovernmentsaidonline.Thisnewsgotusthinking.Shouldthegovernmentberesponsibleforlimitinghowmuchtimekidsspendonline?Herearesomestudents’opinions.EsmeMcNeely,11Thegovernmentshouldnotsetscreentimelimits.Thatdecisionshouldbeuptoparents.Somechildrenneedtousescreensforhomework.AndduringtheCOVID19,oneoftheonlywaystotalktofriendswasonline.Governmentlimitswouldnotbefairtopeoplewhoarecarefulwiththeirscreentime.LucasBarone,11Thegovernmentshouldnotlimitscreentime.A2021studyfromtheUniversityofColoradoBouldersaysscreentimemightbelessharmfultokidsthanpeoplethink.Someparentsworrythatchildrenonlinetoomuchwon’tmakefriends.Butthestudyreportsthatscreentimecanactuallyimprovekids’friendships.Infact,screentimecanbeeducational.Iusewebsitestoreadandtolearnmath.XiuhanZhu,9Ithinkthegovernmentshouldtakeactionandlimitscreentimeforkids.Toomuchscreentimecanleadtotirednessandlesssocialtime.Peoplewhousesmartphonesaremorelikelytogetintocaraccidents.Electricalproductslikeputerscanalsobeharmfulforkids.Ifkidsaren’tcarefulwiththewebsitestheyuse,criminalscangetimportantinformation.NingLi,10MostpeoplespendtoomuchtimeontheirphonesandTVs.Theyhurttheireyesandwastetheirtime.AndwatchingalotofTVorplayinggamescaninfluencekids’learningandsocialskills.Ifthegovernmentlimitedscreentime,peoplewouldbeencouragedtospendmoretimewiththeirfamily.Theymightjoinasportsteamintheirneighborhood.32．Whenarekidsallowedtoplayonlinegamesforanhouraday?A．OnMondays. B．OnWednesday. C．Onweekends.33．Whoisagainstscreentimelimits?A．EsmeMcNeely. B．XiuhanZhu. C．NingLi.34．WhatdoesthestudyfromheUniversityofColoradoBouldershow?A．Screentimemightdonoharmtokids.B．Screentimecanimprovekids’friendships.C．Screentimewon’thelpkidsmakefriends.35．WhatareNingLi’sopinionsaboutscreentimelimits?A．Toomuchscreentimecanleadtotiredness.B．Criminalscangetimportantinformationeasily.C．Peopleareencouragedtospendmoretimewiththeirfamily.36．Whatisthearticlemainlyabout?A．Screentimecanbeeducational.B．Screentimecanleadtolesssocialtime.C．Whetherthegovernmentshouldsetscreentimelimits.9、（2022·湖北十堰·中考真題）Thereisnodoubtthattechnologyhashadabiginfluenceonourlives.PeoplefromallaroundtheworldcannowtalktoeachotheralmostatonceonmobilephonesandtheInternet.Peoplecaneasilysolvetheirproblemswiththehelpofputersandtheworldwideweb.Withthistechnology,itseemsthattheworldismoreconnectednowthaneverbefore.Evenso,therehavebeenworriesabouttechnologymakingpeoplefeellonelyanddisconnectedfromothersaroundthem.Sodoesthismeanthattechnologymakesuslonely?Inmyopinion,itishardtosayYesorNo.It’struethathumansneedmunicationwitheachother.Ifwedependontechnologytoomuchtomunicate,thiscanbadlyimpactourmental(心理的)health.Forme,technologyisatool.Andjustlikeanyotherkindoftool—likescissors,apenciloraruler,forexample,itdependsonhowweuseit:inarightwayorinarightplace.Takesocialmedia(社交媒體)asanexample.Ifyouonlyuseittopareyourselfwithothers,youmightfeelsadandlonely.Butifyouuseitasatooltoconnectwithfriendsandfamilyortostartanewmunitytotalkaboutyourhobbiesandinterests,thelonelinesswillturnintoloveandfriendship.Whenyoufeellonelyafterstaringatyourputerscreenallday,maybeyoucanusethattechnologytoreachouttoareliable(可靠的)friendandinvitehimorheroutforlunchoracoffee.37．Accordingtothewriter,technologyis________.A．a(chǎn)tool B．a(chǎn)ninfluenceC．a(chǎn)pairofscissors D．a(chǎn)wayofmunication38．What’sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“impact”inPaqugraph4?A．幫助 B．促進 C．影響 D．進入39．Accordingtothepassage,ifpeopleusetechnologytoomuch,peoplemay________.A．sleepless B．livelonger C．feellonely D．getmorejobs40．Whenweusetechnologyto________others,wecanfindloveandfriendship.A．a(chǎn)rguewith B．petewith C．connectwith D．parewith41．What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A．Socialmediaisimportanttous. B．Technologycanbegoodandbadtous.C．Peopleneedtomunicatewitheachother. D．putersandtheInternethelpuswit