專題05補(bǔ)全短文-5年（2017-2021）中考1年模擬英語真題分項(xiàng)匯編

5年（20172021）中考英語真題分項(xiàng)匯編（江西專用）專題05補(bǔ)全短文(解析版)一、2021年TheValueofNegativeResultsWeallavoidfailure（失?。?andmostofusfearit.However,withoutfailure,progresswouldbeimpossible.Whatdoessuccessusuallyeafter?Failure.Itseemsthatonecannotexist（存在）withouttheother.Acceptingfailureisnoteasyformany,thoughweareoftenunwillingtoacceptfailurebecauseourprofessionalfamedependsonsuccess.73Inthepasttenyears,forexample,somescientificmagazineshavepublishedreportsoffailedtests.Itisbelievedthatscientistscanlearnmore“negative（負(fù)面的）”resultsandthatthiscanfinallyleadtopositiveresults.__74TheABNAMRObankstartedanInstitute（機(jī)構(gòu)）ofBrilliantFailurestolearnmoreaboutwhatworksandwhatdoesn’tinbanking.EliLillyandpanyhadfailurepartiestostudythedrugs（藥物）thatdon’twork.Infact,oneofthebusinessworld’smostfamousfailuresbecameoneofitsbiggestsuccesses,inpartbecausetheproduct’smakerslearnedfromtheirmistakes.75Theproduct,thoughunique（獨(dú)特的）atthetime,wasexpensiveandheavy;besides,someofitsmostimportantfeatures（特點(diǎn)）didn’tworkproperly.Asaresult,Apple’sCEO,SteveJobs,believedintheproductandhebegantofindoutwaysofimprovingit.Intime,thisledtotheproductionoftheiPhoneandtheiPad,twoofthepany’smostsuccessfulproducts.76__________Notonlyshouldwetrytolearnfromitifwewanttosucceed,wemustalsobepersistent（執(zhí)著的）.ThoughApplestoppedsellingtheNewtonin1998,thefirstiPhonewasn’tavailableuntil2007.IttookalotofresearchandhardworktogofromtheAppleNewtontoiPhonebutintheend,theeffortbecamesuccessful.Allinall,thereisalotwecanlearnbystudyingmistakes.Perhapsthemostimportantlessonisthatfailureandsuccessaretwosidesofthesamecoin.77._______________A．Onetrulycannotexistwithouttheother.B．Wearebraveenoughtofacedifficulties.C．Intheearly1990s,ApplecreatedaphonecalledtheAppleNewton.D．Thebusinessworldalreadyunderstandsthevalueofnegativeresults.E.TheAppleNewtonhaswonpopularitywithpeopleallovertheworld.F.However,thingsareslowlychanging,especiallyinbusinessandscience.G.ThestoryoftheAppleNewtoncanteachusanimportantlessonaboutfailure.【答案】73．F74．D75．C76．G77．A

【分析】本文介紹了人們對(duì)待錯(cuò)誤不同態(tài)度，過去的時(shí)候人們害怕錯(cuò)誤，避免錯(cuò)誤；現(xiàn)在人們正面錯(cuò)誤，從錯(cuò)誤中吸取教訓(xùn)，改進(jìn)產(chǎn)品。73．根據(jù)上一句“Acceptingfailureisnoteasyformany,though.Weareoftenunwillingtoacceptfailurebecauseourprofessionalfamedependsonsuccess.”可知人們并不愿意接受失敗，但通過空格后的內(nèi)容可以知道，人們開始接受失敗，并在科技和商業(yè)界做一些與失敗有關(guān)的研究。前后存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，F(xiàn)選項(xiàng)“然而，事情在慢慢地改變，尤其是在商業(yè)和科技方面?！?，符合題意。故選F。74．根據(jù)空格后“TheABNAMRObankstartedanInstitute(機(jī)構(gòu))ofBrilliantFailuretolearnmoreaboutwhatworksandwhatdoesn’tinbanking.Similarly,EiLilyandpanyhadfailurepartiestostudythedrugs(藥物)thatdon’twork.”可知商界已有人士認(rèn)識(shí)到失敗的價(jià)值，并進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的研究，D選項(xiàng)“商界早已領(lǐng)悟到了負(fù)面結(jié)果的價(jià)值?！保项}意。故選D。75．根據(jù)下文“Theproduct,thoughunique(獨(dú)特的)atthetime,wasexpensiveandheavy”可知這個(gè)產(chǎn)品在那個(gè)時(shí)候是昂貴且笨重的，盡管很獨(dú)特，此處在介紹一個(gè)新的產(chǎn)品。C選項(xiàng)“在二十世紀(jì)九十年代初期，蘋果公司創(chuàng)造了一款名為蘋果牛頓的?！?，符合題意。故選C。76．根據(jù)前文“However,Apple’sCEO,SteveJobs,believedintheproductandhebegantofindoutwaysofimprovingit.Intime,thisledtotheproductionoftheiPhoneandtheiPad,twoofthepany’smostsuccessfulproducts.”舉蘋果公司由失敗到成功的例子，可知失敗極為重要，與后文“Notonlyshouldwetrytolearnfromit;ifwewanttosucceed,wemustalsobepersistent(執(zhí)著的).如果我們想要獲得成功，不僅要從中學(xué)習(xí)，還要堅(jiān)持不懈。”相銜接。G選項(xiàng)“蘋果牛頓的故事告訴我們一個(gè)與失敗有關(guān)的重要道理?！狈项}意。故選G。77．根據(jù)前文“Perhapsthemostimportantlessonisthatfailureandsuccessaretwosidesofthesamecoin?！笨芍∨c成功是同一枚硬幣的兩面，所以二者相互依存，A選項(xiàng)“失敗與成功無法離開彼此而存在?！保项}意。故選A。二、2020年DoyouknowwhatyourfriendswatchedonTVlastnight?Doyourfriendsknowwhatyouhadforbreakfasttoday?Doyouthinkyouareusingsocialmedia(社交媒體)toomuch?49．Itisreportedthataround2,800millionpeopleoftenusesocialmedia.That’salmost40percentoftheworld’spopulation.Buthowmuchtimedowereallyspendonsocialmedia?Andwhatexactlydowespendthattimedoing?Researchshowsthat,worldwide,theaverage(普通的)personspendstwohoursand19minutesonsocialmediaeachday.50．Anaveragepersontherespendsfourhoursand17minutesadayonsocialmedia.Researchalsoshowsthatwomenusesocialmediamorethanmen.IntheUnitedStates,forexample,womenspendaroundtwohoursmoreaweekthanmenonsocialmedia.51．Ingeneral,itseemswespendmoretimelookingatotherpeople’spagesthanaddingtoourown.Accordingtoonesurvey,themostmonsocialmediaactivitiesarevisitingfriends’pages,readingtheirnews,andmenting(評(píng)論)ontheirposts.52．Ithasover2,000millionusers.Insecondplace,however,istheChinesesiteQzone.In2017,QzonewasChina'smostpopularsocialmediasite,witharound600millionusersworldwide.That'smorethanTwitterandInstagram.Socialmediacontinuestogrow.53．AndasInternetaccess(通道)beesavailabletoevenmorepeoplearoundtheworld,thisgrowthwon'tstopanytimesoon.A．Whatdomostpeopledoonsocialmedia?B．Whydopeoplemunicateonsocialmedia?C．PeopleinPhilippinesarethemostactiveusers.D．ThemostpopularsocialmediasiteisFacebook.E.OnFacebook,peopleposttheirnewsandphotos.F.Rightnow,thereare5newFacebookuserseverysecond.G.Socialmediaisnowapartofmanypeople’severydaylives.【答案】49．G50．C51．A52．D53．F【解析】【分析】本文講述了世界上越來越多的人使用社交媒體，文中介紹了人們使用社交媒體的平均時(shí)間，人們?cè)谏缃幻襟w主要干什么，以及前兩位的社交媒體網(wǎng)站，并最后指出社交媒體會(huì)繼續(xù)不斷增長(zhǎng)。49．根據(jù)這段后面句子“Itisreportedthataround2,800millionpeopleoftenusesocialmedia.That’salmost40percentoftheworld’spopulation.據(jù)報(bào)道，大約有28億人經(jīng)常使用社交媒體。這幾乎占世界人口的40%?！?，可知這段首句應(yīng)表達(dá)社交媒體現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)成為許多人日常生活的一部分，選項(xiàng)G符合此意，故選G。50．根據(jù)后一句“Anaveragepersontherespendsfourhoursand17minutesadayonsocialmedia.那里的人平均每天花4小時(shí)17分鐘在社交媒體上?！?，可知此句應(yīng)特別指出某個(gè)地方的人經(jīng)常使用社交媒體，所以選項(xiàng)C符合此意，故選C。51．根據(jù)后一句“Ingeneral,itseemswespendmoretimelookingatotherpeople’spagesthanaddingtoourown.一般來說，我們花更多的時(shí)間去看別人的網(wǎng)頁，而不是增加自己的網(wǎng)頁?！?，可知此句應(yīng)問“大多數(shù)人在社交媒體上做什么?”,選項(xiàng)A符合此意，故選A。52．根據(jù)這段后面句子“Ithasover2,000millionusers.Insecondplace,however,istheChinesesiteQzone.它擁有超過20億的用戶。排在第二位的是中國(guó)網(wǎng)站Qzone?！?，可知此句應(yīng)指出第一位的社交媒體網(wǎng)站，選項(xiàng)D符合此意，故選D。53．根據(jù)前一句“Socialmediacontinuestogrow.社交媒體繼續(xù)增長(zhǎng)?！保约昂笠痪洹癆ndasInternetaccess(通道)beesavailabletoevenmorepeoplearoundtheworld,thisgrowthwon'tstopanytimesoon.隨著世界各地越來越多的人可以使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，這種增長(zhǎng)不會(huì)很快停止?！?，可知此句應(yīng)表達(dá)使用用戶的增長(zhǎng)情況，選項(xiàng)F符合此意，故選F。三、2019年B)請(qǐng)先閱讀下面短文掌提其大意然后根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容從下面方框內(nèi)的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇五個(gè)還原到文中使短文意思通順、結(jié)構(gòu)完整并在答題卡上將其序號(hào)涂黑。Expertsinnutrition(營(yíng)養(yǎng))suggestthatweshouldeatatleastfivedifferentkindsofvegetablesandfruitaday.Theyareverynecessaryforourhealthandhelpourbodiesworkwell.Theycanhelpreduce(減少)theriskofgettingill.Therearealotofvegetablesandfruittochoosefromandtheytastedelicious.____49____It'seasytobuyourfoodfromthelocalsupermarket,sowhydowegotothetroubleofgrowingourown?Hereareseveralgoodreasons:____50____Youcanpickandeatitatonce.Whenyouhavetriedityouwillagreethatvegetablesandfruitthatareeatenstraightfromthegardentastebetterthananythingyoucanbuyinasupermarket.Youmaywanttocutdownonyour"foodmiles"thedistancethataproducthastravelledbeforeitreachesyourkitchen.Manyfoodpackagesareflownhalfwayacrosstheearth.___51___Homegrownfoodislikelytobehealthier.Foodproducersoftenusefertilizers(化肥)andpesticides(農(nóng)藥)whichcanendupinyourfood.Ifyougrowyourown,thingsaredifferent.___52___Youmightalsochoosetogrowsometraditionalvegetablesandfruit.Theseoftenhavemoreofthevitamins,minerals(礦物質(zhì))andprotein(蛋白質(zhì))thatkeepyouhealthy.___53___Andyoucangrowyourownevenifyouonlyhaveasmallbackyardorabalcony(RE).Somefoodcangrowwellinpots,includinglettuce,tomatoes,potatoesandcarrots.Youcanrecycleplasticbottlesandcupstogrowsomething.Justmakesurethereareholesfordrainage(排水)andasmallplateunderthemtocatchdropsofwater.Happygardening!A.Bestofall,youcangrowyourown!.B.Butwheretogrowyourownisaproblem.C.That’snotsogoodforyou,orfortheplanet.D.Foodthatyougrowyourselfisalwaysfresh.E.Ifyouhavealargegarden,growingyourowniseasy.F.Youcancontrolwhatgoesonandintothefoodyoueat.G.Soit'sbettertoeatmorevegetablesandfruitinourdailylife.49.【答案】A【解析】根據(jù)It'seasytobuyourfoodfromthelocalsupermarket,sowhydowegotothetroubleofgrowingourown?Hereareseveralgoodreasons:和選項(xiàng)，可知是最好你自己種植，起到引領(lǐng)下文的作用；故選A。50.【答案】D【解析】根據(jù)Youcanpickandeatitatonce.Whenyouhavetriedit,youwillagreethatvegetablesandfruitthatareeatenstraightfromthegardentastebetterthananythingyoucanbuyinasupermarket.和選項(xiàng)，可知是你自己種的很新鮮，起到引領(lǐng)下文的作用；故選D。51.【答案】C【解析】根據(jù)Youmaywanttocutdownonyour"foodmiles"thedistancethataproducthastravelledbeforeitreachesyourkitchen.Manyfoodpackagesareflownhalfwayacrosstheearth和選項(xiàng)，可知是那對(duì)你或?qū)π行嵌疾缓?，起到銜接上文的作用；故選C。52.【答案】F【解析】根據(jù)Homegrownfoodislikelytobehealthier.Foodproducersoftenusefertilizers(化肥)andpesticides(農(nóng)藥)whichcanendupinyourfood.Ifyougrowyourown,thingsaredifferent和選項(xiàng)，可知是你能控制什么進(jìn)到你吃的食物里，起到銜接上文的作用；故選F。53.【答案】E【解析】根據(jù)Andyoucangrowyourownevenifyouonlyhaveasmallbackyardorabalcony(RE).Somefoodcangrowwellinpots,includinglettuce,tomatoes,potatoesandcarrots.Youcanrecycleplasticbottlesandcupstogrowsomething.Justmakesurethereareholesfordrainage(排水)andasmallplateunderthemtocatchdropsofwater.和選項(xiàng)，可知是如果你有一個(gè)大花園，自己種植很容易，起到引起下文的作用；故選E。四、2018年請(qǐng)先閱讀下面短文,掌握其大意然后根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容從下面方框內(nèi)的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇五個(gè)還原到文中,使短文意思通順、結(jié)構(gòu)完整,并在答題卡上將其序號(hào)涂黑。Isthereaconnectionbetweenmusicandlanguage?Accordingtorecentstudies,theanswerisyes:___49___Here,welookattwoexamplesArecentstudybyresearcherKrausshowsthatplayingamusicalinstrumentcanimproveaperson'shearingability.___50___Thepeopleinthefirstgroupweremusicians,whilethoseinthesecondgrouphadnomusicaltraining.Themusicianswereabletohearthetalkingpersonmoreclearly.___51___Thinkaboutviolinistsinanorchestra(管弦樂團(tuán)).Whentheviolinistsplaywiththegroup,theyheartheirowninstrumentandmanyothers,too.Buttheviolinistsmustlistencloselytowhattheyareplaying,andpaynoattentiontotheothersounds.Inthisway,musiciansareabletofocusoncertainsounds,eveninaroomwithlotsofnoise.Schlaug,adoctoratHarvardMedicalSchool,workswithstroke(中風(fēng))patients.Becauseoftheirillness,thesepeoplecannotsaytheirnames,addresses,orotherinformationnormally.However,theycanstillsing.___52___Whydoesthiswork?Schlaugisn'tsure.Musicseemstomakedifferentpartsofthebrainwork,includingthedamaged(損壞的)parts.Thismighthelppatientstousethatpartofthebrainagain.Musicimprovesconcentration(注意力),memory,listeningskills,andouroveralllanguageabilities.___53___Playinganinstrumentorsingingcanhelpusdobetterinschoolandkeepourbrainsharp(敏銳的)aswegetolder.Musicisnotonlyenjoyable,it'salsogoodforusinmanyotherways.A.Itcanevenhelpsickpeoplegetbetter.BMusichelpspeoplesolvesomehearingproblems.C.Musicimprovescertainlanguageabilitiesinthebrain.D.Theviolinistsdeveloptheirmemoriesbyplayingtheviolin.EMusicianshearbetterbecausetheylearntopayattentiontocertainsounds.F.Schlaugwassurprisedtofindthatsingingwordshelpedhispatientstospeak.G.Inhisstudytwogroupsofpeoplelistenedtoapersontalkinginanoisyroom.49.【答案】C【解析】根據(jù)開頭Isthereaconnectionbetweenmusicandlanguage?Accordingtorecentstudies,theanswerisyes，結(jié)合Here,welookattwoexamples可知備選句子Musicimprovescertainlanguageabilitiesinthebrain.是對(duì)前文的解釋，符合句意，故選C。50.【答案】G【解析】根據(jù)第二段ArecentstudybyresearcherKrausshowsthatplayingamusicalinstrumentcanimproveaperson'shearingability.，可知備選句子Inhisstudytwogroupsofpeoplelistenedtoapersontalkinginanoisyroom.符合句意，故選G。51.【答案】E【解析】根據(jù)ArecentstudybyresearcherKrausshowsthatplayingamusicalinstrumentcanimproveaperson'shearingability.，可知演奏樂器可以提高人的聽力能力。備選句子中，Musicianshearbetterbecausetheylearntopayattentiontocertainsounds.符合句意，故選E。52.【答案】F【解析】根據(jù)Themusicianswereabletohearthetalkingpersonmoreclearly.，可知音樂家們聽到更好的聲音是因?yàn)樗麄儗W(xué)會(huì)了注意某些聲音。備選句子Schlaugwassurprisedtofindthatsingingwordshelpedhispatientstospeak.符合句意，故選F。53.【答案】A【解析】根據(jù)上文Musicimprovesconcentration,memory,listeningskills,andouroveralllanguageabilities.，可知音樂能提高注意力、記憶力、聽力技能和整體語言能力，備選句子中，Itcanevenhelpsickpeoplegetbetter.更進(jìn)一步，符合句意，故選A五、2017年B)請(qǐng)先閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容從下面方框內(nèi)的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇五個(gè)還原到文中，使短文意思通順、結(jié)構(gòu)完整，并在答題卡上將其序號(hào)涂黑。（280詞數(shù)）Aproblemisonlyaproblemuntilthereisasolution（解決辦法）.Wefindsolutionsbythinkingcreatively.___76___Inotherwords,wethinkoutsidethebox.Sometimes,thinkingoutsidetheboxsolvesnotjustone,buttwoproblems.AmsterdamisoneofthemostcrowdedcitiesinEurope.Asaresult,housingisveryexpensive,especiallyforstudents.___77___However,findingthistypeofapartmentswasalmostimpossibleuntilrecently.WhilethecollegesinAmsterdamweretryingtosolvethehousingproblem,thousandsofshippingcontainers(集裝箱）werelyingquietlyinports（港口）aroundtheworld.Thesehugesteelcontainerscarryproductsfromonecountrytoanother.Thelifeofeachcontainerisabout10years.___78___Yettheycan’trecycleallofthembecausetherearesomany.BackinAmsterdam,apanycameupwithanamazingidea.Whynotreusetheseshippingcontainersasstudentapartments?___79____Theyareallthesamesizeandfittogetherperfectly.Thesteelisstrong.Moreover,thesecontainersaresowidelyavailablethattheyarequitecheaptobuy.Forallthesereasons,theycanbeusedtobuildapartmentsquicklyandcheaply.Buildingbeganin2005,andafteronlyafewweeks,hundredsofAmsterdamstudentshadnewhomes.Whenstudentsfirstheardaboutthisidea,theythoughtthecontainerapartmentswouldbesmall,noisy,andcold.__80____Eachcontainerapartmenthasakitchen,abedroomwithastudyarea,andabathroom.Theapartmentsarewarmandquiet.TheyevenhaveahighspeedInternetconnection.Livinginashippingcontainerhasbeepopular.Today,over3000Amsterdamstudentsliveinthecontainervillage.A.Studentsneedlowcostapartments.B.Thecontainersaregreatforbuildingapartments.C.Infact,theseapartmentsarenotingoodcondition.D.However,theyweresurprisedwhentheysawthem.E.Steelpaniesrecyclesomeoftheoldcontainers.F.Recyclingthesteelcontainershasmanyadvantages.G.Weuseourimaginationandeupwithcreativeideas.【文章大意】本文是一篇議論文，通過阿姆斯特丹用集裝箱為學(xué)生建造價(jià)格便宜的公寓，告訴我們通過創(chuàng)造性的思考可以幫助找到解決問題的方法。G【解析】根據(jù)空前面的句子Wefindsolutionsbythinkingcreatively.（通過創(chuàng)造性思考我們找到解決方案。）可知，此處用句子Weuseourimaginationandeupwithcreativeideas.（我們運(yùn)用我們的想象力和創(chuàng)造性的想法。）故選G。A【解析】根據(jù)空前面的句子Asaresult,housingisveryexpensive,especiallyforstudents.（因此，住房是很昂貴的，特別是對(duì)于學(xué)生來說。）及空后面的句子However,findingthistypeofapartmentswasalmostimpossibleuntilrecently.（然而，直到最近才能找到這種類型的公寓。）可知，此處與學(xué)生的住房和公寓有關(guān)，用句子Studentsneedlowcostapartments.（學(xué)生需要價(jià)格便宜的公寓。）故選A。E【解析】根據(jù)空前面的句子Thelifeofeachcontainerisabout10years.（每個(gè)集裝箱的壽命大約10年。）及空后面的句子Yettheycan’trecycleallofthembecausetherearesomany.（然而他們不能全部回收它們因?yàn)橛泻芏?。）可知，此處與集裝箱回收有關(guān)，因?yàn)楹缶涫恰安荒苋渴栈丶b箱”，且后句的主語they指回收集裝箱的公司。所以用句子Steelpaniesrecyclesomeoftheoldcontainers.（鋼鐵公司回收一些舊的集裝箱。）故選E。B【解析】根據(jù)空前面的句子Whynotreusetheseshippingcontainersasstudentapartments?（為什么不把這些集裝箱作為學(xué)生公寓呢？）及空后面的句子Theyareallthesamesizeandfittogetherperfectly.（它們都是同樣的尺寸并且完美的契合在一起。）可知，此處與用集裝箱建學(xué)生的公寓有關(guān)，且后句的主語they指集裝箱，所以此處句子的主語應(yīng)為集裝箱，用句子Thecontainersaregreatforbuildingapartments.（這些集裝箱對(duì)于建造公寓是很好的。），故選B。D【解析】根據(jù)空前面的句子Whenstudentsfirstheardaboutthisidea,theythoughtthecontainerapartmentswouldbesmall,noisy,andcold.（當(dāng)學(xué)生們第一次聽說這個(gè)想法的時(shí)候，他們認(rèn)為集裝箱公寓會(huì)很小、很吵并且很冷。）及空后面的句子Eachcontainerapartmenthasakitchen,abedroomwithastudyarea,andabathroom.（每個(gè)集裝箱公寓都有一個(gè)廚房、一個(gè)有學(xué)習(xí)區(qū)的臥室和一個(gè)衛(wèi)生間。）可知，此句內(nèi)容與學(xué)生認(rèn)為集裝箱不好的想法是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，且與后句集裝箱公寓條件好成并列關(guān)系。用句子However,theyweresurprisedwhentheysawthem.（然而，當(dāng)他們看到集裝箱公寓時(shí)非常驚訝。）故選D。南昌市中考一模五、補(bǔ)全短文7選5Wheredofruitsandvegetablesefrom?Whenwegotothegrocerystore,thereareshelvesofcarrots,lettuce,andbroccoli.Allofthisproduceesfromfarms.Sometimesthosefarmsareveryfaraway.53．ThelettucecouldbegrowninMexico.Trucks,ships,andpianesbringfoodfromallovertheworldtoagrocerystorenearyou.Buttherearealsofarmscloseby.54．HisnamewasBarryBenepe,andhelivedinNewYorkCity.GrocerystoresinNewYorkboughttheirvegetablesfromfarawayanddidn’twanttobuyvegetablesfromthenearbyfarms.BarryknewtherehadtobeawaytoselllocalvegetablestoNewYorkers.“Whatifthefarmerscouldbringthevegetablestothecitythemselves?”heasked.55．Atfirstthegovernmenthaddoubts.Itwasn’tsureNewYorkerswouldcareenoughto