循環(huán)系統(tǒng)基本病變表現(xiàn)與疾病診斷課件

循環(huán)系統(tǒng)基本病變表現(xiàn)與疾病診斷ppt課件匯報人：文小庫2024-03-15CONTENTS循環(huán)系統(tǒng)概述基本病變表現(xiàn)疾病診斷方法與技術(shù)常見循環(huán)系統(tǒng)疾病診斷要點(diǎn)治療原則與方案制定預(yù)防措施與健康生活方式建議循環(huán)系統(tǒng)概述01循環(huán)系統(tǒng)由心血管系統(tǒng)和淋巴系統(tǒng)組成，其中心血管系統(tǒng)包括心臟、血管和血液，淋巴系統(tǒng)包括淋巴管、淋巴結(jié)和淋巴液。組成循環(huán)系統(tǒng)的主要功能是運(yùn)輸營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)、氧氣、激素、免疫細(xì)胞和代謝廢物等，以維持機(jī)體內(nèi)環(huán)境的穩(wěn)定和正常生理功能。功能循環(huán)系統(tǒng)組成與功能循環(huán)系統(tǒng)是一個連續(xù)的封閉管道系統(tǒng)，血液在心血管系統(tǒng)中循環(huán)流動，淋巴液在淋巴系統(tǒng)中流動并最終匯入靜脈。心臟以一定的節(jié)律收縮和舒張，推動血液在心血管系統(tǒng)中循環(huán)流動，形成血壓和脈搏等生理現(xiàn)象。循環(huán)系統(tǒng)通過神經(jīng)和體液調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)制，對機(jī)體的生理功能和內(nèi)環(huán)境進(jìn)行精確調(diào)節(jié)，以適應(yīng)不同的生理狀態(tài)和外界環(huán)境。連續(xù)性節(jié)律性調(diào)節(jié)性循環(huán)系統(tǒng)生理特點(diǎn)以下附贈各項(xiàng)管理制度英文版（不需要可刪）急救藥品、器材管理制度:1.Rescuedrugsandequipmentshouldbe"fivefixed"(fixedquantityandvariety,designatedplacement,designatedpersonstorage,regulardisinfectionandsterilization,regularinspectionandmaintenance)and"twotimely"(timelyinspectionandmaintenance,timelyreceiptandsupplementation).Theitemisclearlymarkedandcannotbeusedarbitrarily.2.Thenecessaryrescueequipmentiscomplete,ingoodperformance,andinstandbycondition.3.Therescuedrugsarecomplete,withcleardruglabelsandnodiscoloration,deterioration,expiration,ordamage.Theyshouldbeplacedandusedintheorderofdrugexpirationdates(fromrighttoleft).4.Emergencydrugsanditemsforeachdepartment'srescuevehicleshallbeuniformlyequippedaccordingtorequirements.Specializedemergencydrugsanditemsmustbereviewedandapprovedbythedepartmentdirectortodeterminethetype,quantity,specifications,anddosagetobeequipped.Rescuevehiclesmustbeplacedindesignatedlocationsandmanagedbydesignatedpersonneltoensuresafetyandeaseofuse.5.Afterusingrescuedrugsandequipment,theyshouldbefullyreplenishedwithin24hours.Iftheycannotbereplenishedduetospecialreasons,theyshouldbenotedonthehandoverregistrationformandreportedtotheheadnurseforcoordinationandresolutiontoensuretimelyuseduringpatientrescue.6.Thereisaregistrationbookfortheprovisionofdrugsandequipment.Ensureconsistencybetweenaccountsandmaterials,andhandoverbetweenshifts.7.Managementofsealedrescuevehicles:Beforesealing,theheadnurse(ornurseincharge)andanothernurseshallcountthedrugsandequipmentaccordingtotheregistrationbookofdrugandequipmentequipment,verifytheiraccuracy,andsealthemwithaseal.Twopeopleshallsignandfillinthesealingtime.Nurseschecktheconditionofthesealsoncepershiftandcompletethehandover.Theresponsiblenursescheckonceaweek,andtheheadnurseandresponsiblenursesopenthesealsandinspectthedrugsandequipmentintheambulanceonceamonth,withrecordskept.8.Nonsealedrescuevehiclemanagement:Eachshiftshallcountthedrugsandequipmentaccordingtotheregistrationbookandcompletethehandover.Theresponsiblenurseshallinspectonceaweek,andtheheadnurseshallinspectonceeverytwoweeksandkeeprecords,ensuringthattheaccountsmatchthematerials.護(hù)理文書書寫制度:

1.Nursingstaffstrictlyfollowthelatestrequirementswhenwritingnursingmedicalrecords.2.Thecontentofnursingrecordsshouldbeobjective,truthful,accurate,timely,complete,andstandardized.3.Allnursingdocumentsshouldbewrittenwithablueblackorcarboninkpen.4.AllnursingdocumentsshouldbewritteninArabicnumeralsfordateandtime,withdatesinyears,months,anddays,usinga24-hoursystem,specifictominutes.5.WritingshoulduseChinese,medicalterminology,andcommonlyusedforeignlanguageabbreviations;Completerecorditems;Thetextisneat,thehandwritingisclear,andthelayoutisclean;Accurateexpression,fluentsentences,simpleandconcise:correctformatandpunctuation,notypos.6.Whenerrorsoccurduringthewritingprocess,doublelinethemonthewrongwords,keeptheoriginalrecordclearanddistinguishable,signthemodifier,indicatethemodificationtime,continuetowritethecorrectcontent,anddonotusescraping,sticking,paintingorothermethodstocoveruporremovetheoriginalhandwriting.Eachpageshouldbemodifiednomorethantwotimes,otherwisetheoriginalrecorderwillpromptlycopyagain(exceptformodificationsmadebysuperiors).7.Nursingrecordswrittenbyinternnurses,probationarynurses,orunregisterednursesshouldbereviewedandsignedbynurseswithlegalprofessionalqualificationsinthismedicalinstitution.8.Furthertrainingnursescanonlywritenursingdocumentsafterbeingrecognizedbythemedicalinstitutionreceivingthetrainingfortheirworkability.9.Superiornursingstaffhavetheresponsibilitytoreviewandmodifythewrittenrecordsofsubordinatenursingstaff.Whenmakingmodifications,reddoublelinesshouldbeusedtomarkerrors,writethemodifiedcontent,signandindicatethemodificationtime.10.Temperaturerecords,medicalorders,patientcarerecords,andsurgicalinventoryrecordsshouldbearchivedontime.心血管疾病包括高血壓、冠心病、心力衰竭、心律失常、心臟瓣膜病等，這些疾病多與動脈粥樣硬化、心肌缺血、心臟結(jié)構(gòu)異常等有關(guān)。淋巴系統(tǒng)疾病包括淋巴管炎、淋巴結(jié)炎、淋巴瘤等，這些疾病多與感染、免疫異常、腫瘤等有關(guān)。此外，還有一些與循環(huán)系統(tǒng)相關(guān)的其他疾病，如血栓性疾病、血管炎等。常見循環(huán)系統(tǒng)疾病類型基本病變表現(xiàn)02心臟各個房室增大，導(dǎo)致心臟整體體積增大，常見于高血壓、冠心病等疾病。心臟增大心肌肥厚心臟瓣膜病變心肌細(xì)胞體積增大，導(dǎo)致心肌肥厚，常見于肥厚型心肌病等疾病。心臟瓣膜發(fā)生狹窄或關(guān)閉不全，影響心臟正常血流，常見于風(fēng)濕性心臟病、先天性心臟病等疾病。030201心臟病變表現(xiàn)動脈管壁增厚、失去彈性，導(dǎo)致管腔狹窄或閉塞，常見于動脈粥樣硬化等疾病。動脈硬化血管壁發(fā)生炎癥，導(dǎo)致血管損傷和功能障礙，常見于大動脈炎、過敏性紫癜等疾病。血管炎血管壁ju部薄弱，導(dǎo)致血管擴(kuò)張形成瘤樣突起，常見于海綿狀血管瘤等疾病。血管瘤血管病變表現(xiàn)紅細(xì)胞增多血液中紅細(xì)胞數(shù)量增多，導(dǎo)致血液黏稠度增加，常見于真性紅細(xì)胞增多癥等疾病。血小板減少血液中血小板數(shù)量減少，影響機(jī)體凝血功能，常見于再生障礙性貧血、血小板減少性紫癜等疾病。此外，血小板功能異常也會影響機(jī)體凝血功能。血漿成分異常血漿中蛋白質(zhì)、脂質(zhì)、糖等成分異常，提示機(jī)體存在代謝或內(nèi)分泌紊亂，常見于高脂血癥、糖尿病等疾病。同時，血漿中的各種酶、激素和抗體等成分也具有重要的診斷價值。白細(xì)胞增多血液中白細(xì)胞數(shù)量增多，提示機(jī)體存在感染或炎癥反應(yīng)，常見于各種感染性疾病、白血病等疾病。血液成分異常表現(xiàn)疾病診斷方法與技術(shù)03病史采集與體格檢查病史采集詳細(xì)詢問患者癥狀、既往病史、家族病史等，為診斷提供重要線索。體格檢查全面檢查患者身體狀況，包括觀察、觸診、叩診、聽診等，發(fā)現(xiàn)異常體征。了解患者紅細(xì)胞、白細(xì)胞、血小板等血液成分變化，輔助診斷貧血、感染等疾病。檢測血糖、血脂、肝腎功能等指標(biāo)，評估患者內(nèi)環(huán)境狀況及器官功能。檢測免疫球蛋白、補(bǔ)體、自身抗體等，輔助診斷自身免疫性疾病及感染性疾病。常規(guī)血液檢查生化檢查免疫學(xué)檢查實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢查項(xiàng)目選擇及意義X線檢查超聲心動圖CT與MRI檢查核醫(yī)學(xué)檢查影像學(xué)檢查在循環(huán)系統(tǒng)中的應(yīng)用觀察心臟大血管形態(tài)、位置及毗鄰關(guān)系，輔助診斷心臟增大、心包積液等疾病。提供高分辨率的心臟和大血管影像，輔助診斷冠心病、主動脈夾層等疾病。實(shí)時顯示心臟結(jié)構(gòu)和運(yùn)動狀態(tài)，評估心功能及血流動力學(xué)狀況，診斷心臟瓣膜病、心肌病等疾病。利用放射性核素進(jìn)行心肌灌注顯像、心功能測定等，評估心肌缺血、心肌梗死等疾病。常見循環(huán)系統(tǒng)疾病診斷要點(diǎn)04冠心病的典型癥狀包括胸痛、胸悶、心悸等，診斷時主要依據(jù)臨床癥狀、心電圖改變以及冠狀動脈造影等檢查結(jié)果。此外，還需結(jié)合患者的年齡、性別、高血壓、糖尿病等危險因素進(jìn)行綜合評估。診斷要點(diǎn)冠心病需與心絞痛、心肌梗死、主動脈夾層等疾病進(jìn)行鑒別診斷。心絞痛表現(xiàn)為陣發(fā)性胸痛，心肌梗死則表現(xiàn)為持續(xù)性胸痛和心電圖特征性改變，主動脈夾層則表現(xiàn)為突發(fā)的劇烈胸痛和背部放射痛。鑒別診斷冠心病診斷要點(diǎn)及鑒別診斷診斷要點(diǎn)高血壓病的診斷主要依據(jù)血壓測量結(jié)果，即在未使用降壓藥物的情況下，收縮壓≥140mmHg和（或）舒張壓≥90mmHg。同時，還需排除繼發(fā)性高血壓的可能性。分類標(biāo)準(zhǔn)根據(jù)血壓升高的水平，將高血壓病分為1級、2級和3級。1級高血壓指收縮壓在140-159mmHg和（或）舒張壓在90-99mmHg；2級高血壓指收縮壓在160-179mmHg和（或）舒張壓在100-109mmHg；3級高血壓指收縮壓≥180mmHg和（或）舒張壓≥報警電話mmHg。高血壓病診斷要點(diǎn)及分類標(biāo)準(zhǔn)心力衰竭診斷要點(diǎn)及分型心力衰竭的診斷主要依據(jù)患者的臨床癥狀、體征以及相關(guān)的檢查結(jié)果。典型癥狀包括呼吸困難、乏力、水腫等，體征方面可出現(xiàn)心臟擴(kuò)大、肺部濕羅音等。相關(guān)的檢查包括心電圖、超聲心動圖、X線胸片等。診斷要點(diǎn)根據(jù)心力衰竭發(fā)生的部位和程度，可將其分為左心衰竭、右心衰竭和全心衰竭。左心衰竭主要表現(xiàn)為肺淤血和心排血量降低，右心衰竭主要表現(xiàn)為體循環(huán)淤血，全心衰竭則同時存在左心和右心衰竭的表現(xiàn)。分型治療原則與方案制定05根據(jù)病情選擇合適的藥物，注意藥物的劑量、用法和療程，確保安全有效。遵循醫(yī)囑，不