皮膚的結構課件

皮膚的結構ppt課件匯報人：xxx20xx-03-16皮膚概述皮膚zu織結構皮膚細胞與成分皮膚生理功能皮膚常見問題及原因皮膚保養(yǎng)與改善建議目錄01皮膚概述皮膚是人體最大的器官，覆蓋在身體表面，起到保護和調(diào)節(jié)體溫等重要作用。定義皮膚具有多種生理功能，包括保護機體免受外界傷害、調(diào)節(jié)體溫、排泄廢物、感受外界刺激等。功能皮膚定義與功能根據(jù)皮膚的水分、油脂含量、敏感程度、皮膚彈性等因素，皮膚可分為干性、油性、混合性和敏感性等類型。不同類型的皮膚具有不同的特點，如干性皮膚容易缺水、產(chǎn)生皺紋，油性皮膚容易長痘、毛孔粗大等。皮膚類型及特點特點類型以下附贈各項管理制度英文版（不需要可刪）急救藥品、器材管理制度:1.Rescuedrugsandequipmentshouldbe"fivefixed"(fixedquantityandvariety,designatedplacement,designatedpersonstorage,regulardisinfectionandsterilization,regularinspectionandmaintenance)and"twotimely"(timelyinspectionandmaintenance,timelyreceiptandsupplementation).Theitemisclearlymarkedandcannotbeusedarbitrarily.2.Thenecessaryrescueequipmentiscomplete,ingoodperformance,andinstandbycondition.3.Therescuedrugsarecomplete,withcleardruglabelsandnodiscoloration,deterioration,expiration,ordamage.Theyshouldbeplacedandusedintheorderofdrugexpirationdates(fromrighttoleft).4.Emergencydrugsanditemsforeachdepartment'srescuevehicleshallbeuniformlyequippedaccordingtorequirements.Specializedemergencydrugsanditemsmustbereviewedandapprovedbythedepartmentdirectortodeterminethetype,quantity,specifications,anddosagetobeequipped.Rescuevehiclesmustbeplacedindesignatedlocationsandmanagedbydesignatedpersonneltoensuresafetyandeaseofuse.5.Afterusingrescuedrugsandequipment,theyshouldbefullyreplenishedwithin24hours.Iftheycannotbereplenishedduetospecialreasons,theyshouldbenotedonthehandoverregistrationformandreportedtotheheadnurseforcoordinationandresolutiontoensuretimelyuseduringpatientrescue.6.Thereisaregistrationbookfortheprovisionofdrugsandequipment.Ensureconsistencybetweenaccountsandmaterials,andhandoverbetweenshifts.7.Managementofsealedrescuevehicles:Beforesealing,theheadnurse(ornurseincharge)andanothernurseshallcountthedrugsandequipmentaccordingtotheregistrationbookofdrugandequipmentequipment,verifytheiraccuracy,andsealthemwithaseal.Twopeopleshallsignandfillinthesealingtime.Nurseschecktheconditionofthesealsoncepershiftandcompletethehandover.Theresponsiblenursescheckonceaweek,andtheheadnurseandresponsiblenursesopenthesealsandinspectthedrugsandequipmentintheambulanceonceamonth,withrecordskept.8.Nonsealedrescuevehiclemanagement:Eachshiftshallcountthedrugsandequipmentaccordingtotheregistrationbookandcompletethehandover.Theresponsiblenurseshallinspectonceaweek,andtheheadnurseshallinspectonceeverytwoweeksandkeeprecords,ensuringthattheaccountsmatchthematerials.護理文書書寫制度:

1.Nursingstaffstrictlyfollowthelatestrequirementswhenwritingnursingmedicalrecords.2.Thecontentofnursingrecordsshouldbeobjective,truthful,accurate,timely,complete,andstandardized.3.Allnursingdocumentsshouldbewrittenwithablueblackorcarboninkpen.4.AllnursingdocumentsshouldbewritteninArabicnumeralsfordateandtime,withdatesinyears,months,anddays,usinga24-hoursystem,specifictominutes.5.WritingshoulduseChinese,medicalterminology,andcommonlyusedforeignlanguageabbreviations;Completerecorditems;Thetextisneat,thehandwritingisclear,andthelayoutisclean;Accurateexpression,fluentsentences,simpleandconcise:correctformatandpunctuation,notypos.6.Whenerrorsoccurduringthewritingprocess,doublelinethemonthewrongwords,keeptheoriginalrecordclearanddistinguishable,signthemodifier,indicatethemodificationtime,continuetowritethecorrectcontent,anddonotusescraping,sticking,paintingorothermethodstocoveruporremovetheoriginalhandwriting.Eachpageshouldbemodifiednomorethantwotimes,otherwisetheoriginalrecorderwillpromptlycopyagain(exceptformodificationsmadebysuperiors).7.Nursingrecordswrittenbyinternnurses,probationarynurses,orunregisterednursesshouldbereviewedandsignedbynurseswithlegalprofessionalqualificationsinthismedicalinstitution.8.Furthertrainingnursescanonlywritenursingdocumentsafterbeingrecognizedbythemedicalinstitutionreceivingthetrainingfortheirworkability.9.Superiornursingstaffhavetheresponsibilitytoreviewandmodifythewrittenrecordsofsubordinatenursingstaff.Whenmakingmodifications,reddoublelinesshouldbeusedtomarkerrors,writethemodifiedcontent,signandindicatethemodificationtime.10.Temperaturerecords,medicalorders,patientcarerecords,andsurgicalinventoryrecordsshouldbearchivedontime.010203反映健康狀況皮膚的顏色、光澤、彈性等可以反映出一個人的健康狀況。疾病預防保持皮膚清潔、避免過度暴曬、均衡飲食等有助于預防皮膚疾病。疾病治療針對不同類型的皮膚疾病，需要采取不同的治療方法，如藥物治療、物理治療等。同時，良好的皮膚護理也有助于疾病的康復。皮膚與健康關系02皮膚zu織結構透明層位于角質(zhì)層下方，由透明角質(zhì)細胞和少量磷脂類物質(zhì)構成，具有防止水分流失和電解質(zhì)通過的作用。角質(zhì)層由多層扁平無核的角質(zhì)細胞組成，具有保護、防水、防曬等作用。顆粒層由2-4層菱形或扁平細胞組成，細胞內(nèi)含有大量嗜堿性透明角質(zhì)顆粒，具有折射反射過濾紫外線的功能?；讓佑梢粚优帕谐蕱艩畹膱A柱細胞組成，此層細胞不斷分裂，逐漸向上推移、角化、變形，形成表皮其他各層，最后角化脫落。棘層位于基底層上方，由4-8層多角形的棘細胞組成，是表皮層最厚的一層，提供皮膚營養(yǎng)。表皮層含有大量毛細血管和神經(jīng)末梢，感知外界刺激并供給表皮營養(yǎng)。乳頭層網(wǎng)狀層基質(zhì)由較大較粗的膠原纖維、彈性纖維和網(wǎng)狀纖維組成，使皮膚具有較大彈性和韌性。填充于纖維、細胞之間的無定形物質(zhì)，主要成分為黏多糖、蛋白質(zhì)、電解質(zhì)和水。030201真皮層主要成分為脂肪細胞，具有儲能、保溫、緩沖外界沖擊的作用。血管提供皮膚營養(yǎng)和氧氣，神經(jīng)感知外界刺激并傳導至中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)。包括平滑肌、橫紋肌等，控制皮膚的運動和表情。包括纖維間隔、筋膜等結締zu織，以及少量淋巴細胞、漿細胞等免疫細胞。脂肪zu織血管和神經(jīng)肌肉zu織其他成分皮下組織03皮膚細胞與成分角質(zhì)形成細胞010203角質(zhì)形成細胞是皮膚表皮層的主要細胞類型，負責形成角質(zhì)層。角質(zhì)層是皮膚的保護屏障，能夠抵御外界有害物質(zhì)和微生物的侵入。角質(zhì)形成細胞通過不斷分裂和分化，維持著角質(zhì)層的厚度和完整性。黑色素細胞位于皮膚表皮層的基底層，負責產(chǎn)生黑色素。黑色素是一種天然色素，能夠吸收紫外線，保護皮膚免受損傷。黑色素細胞的活躍程度決定了皮膚的顏色和防曬能力。黑色素細胞朗格漢斯細胞是一種特殊的免疫細胞，位于皮膚表皮層內(nèi)。它們能夠識別并吞噬外來有害物質(zhì)和微生物，起到免疫監(jiān)視的作用。朗格漢斯細胞還與皮膚過敏反應和自身免疫性疾病的發(fā)生有關。朗格漢斯細胞油脂由皮脂腺分泌，能夠滋潤皮膚、防止水分流失。皮膚水分和油脂的平衡對于維持皮膚的正常生理功能至關重要。皮膚水分是保持皮膚柔軟、光滑的重要因素之一。皮膚水分與油脂04皮膚生理功能皮膚是人體的第一道防線，能夠抵御外界的機械性損傷、化學刺激和微生物的侵襲。角質(zhì)層和皮脂膜具有屏障作用，能夠防止體內(nèi)水分和營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)的流失。黑色素細胞能夠吸收紫外線，保護皮膚免受日曬損傷。保護功能皮膚通過血管和汗腺的調(diào)節(jié)，能夠維持人體體溫的相對穩(wěn)定。在高溫環(huán)境下，皮膚通過擴張血管和增加汗液分泌來散熱。在低溫環(huán)境下，皮膚通過收縮血管和減少汗液分泌來保溫。調(diào)節(jié)體溫功能感覺功能皮膚內(nèi)分布著大量的感覺神經(jīng)末梢，能夠感受外界的觸覺、痛覺、溫度覺和壓覺等刺激。通過感覺神經(jīng)的傳導，皮膚能夠?qū)⑼饨缧畔鬟f給大腦，使人產(chǎn)生相應的感覺和反應。03這種吸收與排泄功能對于維持人體內(nèi)環(huán)境的穩(wěn)定具有一定的作用。01皮膚具有一定的吸收能力，能夠通過角質(zhì)層吸收外界的物質(zhì)，如水分、營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)等。02同時，皮膚也能夠通過汗腺和皮脂腺排泄體內(nèi)的代謝廢物和多余物質(zhì)。吸收與排泄功能05皮膚常見問題及原因水分流失皮脂分泌不足環(huán)境因素不當護膚皮膚天然保濕因子減少，角質(zhì)層水分含量降低。皮脂膜是皮膚的天然屏障，皮脂分泌不足導致皮膚水分易蒸發(fā)?？諝鉂穸鹊汀L大、寒冷等外界環(huán)境會加速皮膚水分流失。使用堿性過強的潔面產(chǎn)品、頻繁去角質(zhì)等不當護膚行為會破壞皮膚屏障。0401干燥與脫屑0203部分人群皮膚天生較薄，敏感脆弱。遺傳因素紫外線、化學物質(zhì)、花粉等外界刺激易引起皮膚過敏反應。外界刺激皮膚受到刺激時，血管會擴張，導致皮膚發(fā)紅、腫脹。血管擴張敏感皮膚在受到刺激后易發(fā)生炎癥反應，加重紅腫癥狀。炎癥反應敏感與紅腫皮脂分泌過多毛囊角化異常細菌感染炎癥反應痘痘與粉刺01020304皮脂腺分泌旺盛，易導致毛孔堵塞。毛囊口角質(zhì)細胞堆積，形成粉刺。痤瘡丙酸桿菌等細菌感染會加重痘痘炎癥。痘痘部位發(fā)生炎癥反應，出現(xiàn)紅腫、疼痛等癥狀。皺紋與松弛隨著年齡增長，皮膚膠原蛋白和彈力纖維減少，導致皮膚松弛、皺紋增多。長期紫外線照射