5.2Grammar-2022-2023學(xué)年七年級英語下冊（牛津深圳版）

Unit5Grammar基礎(chǔ)篇一、夯實基礎(chǔ)內(nèi)容呈現(xiàn)：數(shù)量詞（組）數(shù)量詞（組）即可修飾可數(shù)名詞又可修飾不可數(shù)名詞修飾不可數(shù)名詞修飾可數(shù)名詞即可修飾可數(shù)名詞又可修飾不可數(shù)名詞修飾不可數(shù)名詞修飾可數(shù)名詞alittlealittlelittlemuchsomuchtoomuch等afewfewmanysomanytoomany等someanysomeanyplentyofalotofenough等（1）few,afew,little,alittle用法表示否定意義表示肯定意義修飾/代指可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)fewafew修飾/代指不可數(shù)名詞littlealittle點(diǎn)對點(diǎn)練習(xí)用few,afew,little,alittle填空1.Pleasehurryup.Thereis_________timeleft.【解析】little。句意：請快點(diǎn)。剩下的時間不多了。Time不可數(shù)名詞。little表示：幾乎沒有。little符合題意。2.Pleasedon’tworry.Thereisstill_________timeleft.【解析】alittle句意：請不要擔(dān)心。還有一點(diǎn)時間。alittle表示：有一點(diǎn)。3.Theboxisveryheavy.And___________ofuscanliftit.【解析】few句意：這個箱子很重。很少有人能舉起它。few幾乎沒有，修飾可數(shù)名詞。4.Thereis__________inkinmypen,Pleasegiveme____________.【解析】littlealittle句意：我的鋼筆里沒有墨水，請給我一點(diǎn)。5.Simonmakes__________friendsinhisclassbecauseheisveryselfishanddishonest.【解析】few句意：西蒙在班上很少交朋友，因為他非常自私和不誠實。few幾乎沒有，修飾可數(shù)名詞。6.Thereis_________foodinthecupboard.Imustgoandgetsome.【解析】little句意：碗櫥里幾乎沒有食物。我得去拿點(diǎn)。Little幾乎沒有。符合題意。7.Thequestionisdifficultand____________studentscananswerit.【解析】few句意：這個問題很難，幾乎沒有學(xué)生能回答。few幾乎沒有，修飾可數(shù)名詞。8.Thequestionisdifficultbut____________studentscananswerit.【解析】afew句意：這個問題很難，但有幾個學(xué)生能回答。Afew有幾個。（2）many，much，等相關(guān)表達(dá)eq\o\ac(○,1)toomany意為__________，toomuch意為__________；eq\o\ac(○,2)somany意為__________，somuch意為__________eq\o\ac(○,3)muchtoo意為__________，后接意為_______________。點(diǎn)對點(diǎn)練習(xí)請用toomuch,muchtoo,toomany填空1).Thereis_____________riceinmybowl.2).Wehave_____________applesinthebag.3)Todayis_____________hot.4）Don’teat_______fat(肥肉),oryou’llget_______fat.5）Youcansee____snoweverywhere.It's____cold.【答案】1.toomuch2.toomany3.muchtoo4.toomuchmuchtoo5.toomuchmuchtoo（3）enough的用法enoughadj.足夠的；充分的adj.充足的；足夠的，修飾可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，可以放在名詞前面，也可以放在名詞后面。adv.足夠地，修飾形容詞、副詞、動詞，并放在其后。enough的常用結(jié)構(gòu)(1)“形容詞/副詞+enoughtodo”足夠，以致能……(2)“enough+名詞+todosth”意為“足夠的……可以做某事”(3)“no+形容詞/副詞+enough+todosth”意為“不夠……做某事”點(diǎn)對點(diǎn)練習(xí)1.—Didyougetthepresent?—No,Igotthere

butthereweren't

.A.

enoughearly;enoughpresentsB.

earlyenough;enoughpresents

C.

earlyenough;presentsenoughD.

enoughearly;presentsenough【解析】B句意：——你得到禮品了嗎？——沒有，我到的足夠早，但是沒有足夠的禮品了。形容詞或者副詞+enough足夠……，固定搭配，early是副詞，所以用earlyenough，排除A、D。enough+名詞，固定搭配，presents是名詞，所以用enoughpresents，故選B。2.Asteenagers,weare______tohelpwithhousework.Wecanhelpwashthedishesandwashourclothes.A.

enoughyoung

B.

enoughold

C.

oldenough

D.

youngenough【解析】C句意：作為青少年，我們足夠大了可以幫助做家務(wù)。我們可以幫忙洗碗和洗衣服。enough修飾形容詞，位于形容詞后，故排除A和B選項，根據(jù)Wecanhelpwashthedishesandwashourclothes，可知能幫助做家務(wù)是年齡足夠大了，old，年老的，故選C。3.Cathycheckedherpaper______sothatshecouldgetgoodgradesthistime.A.carefulenoughB.enoughcarefulC.enoughcarefullyD.carefullyenough【解析】D形容詞/副詞+enoughforsb”對某人來說足夠…….這里enough修飾副詞同樣放在副詞后面。故用D二、單項選擇。1.Canyougivemesomeadviceonhowtobeslimmer?Eat__________meatand___________cakes.A.less;less B.fewer;fewer C.less;fewer D.fewer;less【答案】C【解析】句意：——你能給我一些關(guān)于如何苗條的建議嗎？——少吃肉類和蛋糕。本題考查little和few的用法。little修飾不可數(shù)名詞，其比較級為less；few修飾可數(shù)名詞，其比較級為fewer。meat“肉”，不可數(shù)名詞，因此應(yīng)該用less來修飾，排除B/D；cakes“蛋糕，糕點(diǎn)”，可數(shù)名詞，因此應(yīng)該用fewer來修飾。故選C。2.Mycousinis________heavybecauseheofteneats________fastfood.A.toomuch;toomanyB.toomany;toomuchC.muchtoo;toomuchD.toomuch;muchtoo【答案】C【解析】句意：我的堂弟太胖了，因為他總是吃太多快餐。muchtoo修飾形容詞或副詞，toomuch修飾不可數(shù)名詞。第一個空修飾形容詞heavy；第二個空修飾不可數(shù)名詞food。故選C。3.__________isyourTshirt,Kate?It'ssevendollars.A.HowmuchB.HowmanyC.HowoldD.howbig【答案】A【解析】句意：——凱特，你的T恤衫多少錢？——7美元。howmuch"多少”，用于詢問不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量或價格；howmany“多少”，詢問可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量；howold“多大”，詢問年齡。根據(jù)答語“它7美元”可推知：是詢問價格，故用howmuch。故選A.4.Heinvitedsomeclassmatestoetohisparty,but____came.A.alittleB.littleC.afewD.few【答案】D【解析】alittle和little修飾不可數(shù)名詞.afew和few修飾可數(shù)名詞；alittle和afew表示肯定，little和few表示否定；根據(jù)but可判斷前后分句之間為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以選D5.Cathycheckedherpaper____sothatshecouldgetgoodgradesthistime.A.carefulenoughB.enoughcarefulC.enoughcarefullyD.carefullyenough【答案】D【解析】句意：Cathy足夠認(rèn)真地檢查了試卷以便她這次能取得好成績。本題考查副詞用法。設(shè)空處修飾謂語動詞checked，故應(yīng)選用副詞作狀語，故排除A、B選項，又因為enough應(yīng)在adj./adv.后面，故選D6.Arethere______childrenplayingintheplayground?Yes,thereare____.A.any；anyB.some；someC.some；anyD.any；some【答案】D【解析】句意：——操場上有一些孩子在玩嗎？——是的。有一些。some用于肯定句或委婉地提出請求；any用于否定句或疑問句。由句意可知選D7.There______too_________waterinthecloudanditbegantorainsoon.A.is;much B.was;manyC.was;much D.is;many【答案】C【解析】句意：云中的水太多了，很快就開始下雨了。Water不可數(shù)名詞。從后一句可知要用一般過去時。8.We'lltryourbesttodotheworkwith_______moneyand________people.A.few;little B.afew;alittleC.less;fewer D.fewer;less【答案】C【解析】句意：我們會盡量用更少的錢和更少的人來做這項工作。few修飾可數(shù)名詞，其比較級為fewer。People可數(shù)名詞。little修飾不可數(shù)名詞，其比較級為less。Money不可數(shù)名詞。9.Don'tspend______timeonputergames.A.toomuch B.muchtooC.toomany D.manytoo【答案】A【解析】A.toomuch修飾不可數(shù)名詞。太多。 B.muchtoo修飾形容詞。C.toomany太多。修飾可數(shù)名詞。Time不可數(shù)名詞，故答案選A10.Paulhas___friendsexceptme,andsometimeshefeelslonely.A.many B.someC.more D.few【答案】D【解析】根據(jù)句意：Paul有時感到孤獨(dú)。說明Paul幾乎沒有朋友。Few表示幾乎沒有。故答案選D11.Shallweleavenow?Don'thurry.Westillhave___timeleft.A.little B.alittleC.few D.afew.【答案】B【解析】alittle和little修飾不可數(shù)名詞.afew和few修飾可數(shù)名詞；alittle和afew表示肯定，little和few表示否定；不著急，我還有點(diǎn)時間剩下。表示肯定故選B。12.Shallweleavenow?Hurryup！Wehave________timeleft.A.little B.alittleC.few D.afew.【答案】A【解析】alittle和little修飾不可數(shù)名詞.afew和few修飾可數(shù)名詞；alittle和afew表示肯定，little和few表示否定；句意：快點(diǎn)！說明沒時間剩下。故用否定。Little。表示幾乎沒有。故選A。三、選擇適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或詞組填空1.—Didyoubuy__________（many,some）books?—Yes.TheyweresoheavythatIhadtofindsomebodytohelpmecarrythem.2.—Didyoubuy____________（toomuch,toomany）food?—Yes.Wecouldn’teatitup.3.—Doyouhave_________（much,enough）money?—Ithinkso.Wehave50yuan,andthepenwillcostabout40yuan.4.Myuncledrinks_________（alotof,alittle）teaeveryday.Hereallylikesit.5.Thereis___________（little,few）milkinthefridge.Let’sgoandbuysome.6.—Isthere__________（notmuch,enough）waterleftinthebottle?—No,weneedtobuysome.7.Wehave_________（toofew,toolittle）cups.Therearetenchildreningbutwehaveonly8cups.8.—Iwanttowashmyhair.Isthere_________（any,some）shampoo?—Yes,thereisstill_________（any,some）inthebottle.9.Youbought__________（toomany,some）apples.Wejustneedtwo.10.—CanyouspeakEnglish?—Yes.Butjust__________（alittle,little）.【答案】1.many2.toomuch3.enough4.alotof5.littlt6.notmuch7.toofew8.anysome9.toomany10.alittle四、用much，many，few，little，afew和alittle填空1）Thereare_______busesinLondon.2)Ihaven'tgot_______timeforstudyinrecentweeks.3)Pleasedon'tmakeso_______noise.4)Janedoesn'tknow_______peopleinShanghaiandhasonly_______friendshere.5)Idon'tlike_______butteronmybread.6)Bobsaidthathehad_______moneyandhecouldnotgoanywhere.7)Thereareonly_______cigarettesinthebox.doyouwanttohaveone？8)Thereisonly_______tealeftintheteapot.I'llgoandmakesomemore.9)Janegaveme_______helpwithmywork,soImadegreatprogress.10)Yourhomeworkisbetterthanusual.Welldone.Youhave________mistakes.【答案】1.many2.much3.much4.manyafew5.much6.little7.afew8.alittle9.much10.few五、完成句子1.博物館里參觀者太多了。Thereare______________________________________inthemuseum.2.你浪費(fèi)了太多時間。Youwasted______________________________________.3.鍋里的水太少了。Thereis__________________________________inthepot.4.約翰擁有的書籍太少了。Johnhas_________________________________.5.很多人在地鐵里候車。________________________________arewaitingintheunderground.6.我從圖書館借來了很多書，但我只讀了其中幾本，因為我?guī)缀鯖]有時間。I

borrowed

______

____________

books

fromthelibrary,butIreadonly______

______

ofthembecauseIhad______time.

7.這對雙胞胎會說一點(diǎn)法語，她們認(rèn)識幾個法語單詞。Thetwinscanspeak

______

______

French.Theyknow

______

______

Frenchwords.8.這件大衣多少錢？_______________________isthecoat?9.你需要多少牛奶？______________________milkdoyouneed?10.一小時是多少分鐘？_____________________________minutesarethereinanhour?【答案】1.toomanyvisitors2.toomuchtime3.toolittlewater4.toofewbooks5.Manypeople6.alotofafewlittle7.alittleafew8.Howmuch9.Howmuch10.Howmany提高篇六、語法填空。根據(jù)句子意思，用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。未提供單詞的根據(jù)上下文填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~。Waterisveryimportanttous.Wecan’tlivewithoutit.Thereis1.__________（lotsof,some）wateronEarth,butwecan’tuse2.__________（toomuch,toolittle）.About97%oftheEarth’swaterissalty.Wecanuseonlyabout1％oftheEarth’swater.It’s3.__________（toofew,toolittle）.Weusewaterfrombothlakesandrivers.4.__________（Some,Any）ofthewaterevaporatesandthenbeesrain.SometimestheEarth’swaterisinthewrongplace.Thereis5.__________（plentyof,little）raininthetropics（熱帶地區(qū)），butitisdifficulttohavefarmsthere.6.__________（Some,Enough）desertlandisrich,butthereisonly7.__________（alittle,afew）waterinthedesert.Thewaterisnecessaryforus8.__________（live）anditisvery9.__________（value）.Wemustsavewaterbecausewecanuse10.__________（toomuch,toolittle）Earth’swater.【答案】1.lotsof2.toomuch3.toolittle4.some5.plentyof6.some7.alittle8.tolive9.valuable七、語法選擇Lucywasinthebathroom.Shewas___1___herteethandthetapwason.Waterwasrunning.“Turnthattapoff,”avoicesaidloudly.Lucywasshocked.Shelookedaround___2___sawnoone.“Turnthattapoff.Youarewastingwater!”Someoneshouted___3___.ThistimeLucyturnedoffthetapandasked,“Who…whoareyou?”“Iamadropofwater.It’snoteasyformetogethere.Doyouknow___4___I’mfrom?”“Fromthetap?”saidLucy.“No.Afewdaysago,Iwasflyingfortablyin___5___cloud,enjoyingtheviewfromthesky.ThenIdroppedintoariver____6____carriedmetoalake.Thenitwastimeformetoget___7___up.”“Really?”Lucydoubted.“Yes.Iwasdirtyaftermyjourney.Soinordertomakemesafe___8___,peoplegavemeapletecleaning.Afterthat,Itravelledinthepipesunderthestreets.Iwaitedthere___9___youcalledme,andhereIam.”Lucysaid,“Sothisistheendofyourlife?”“No.Whenyou’vefinishedwithme,Iwillbebackintheseaagain.That’swhereIcamefrominthefirstplace.Remembernottowastemeorpolluteme.I’mvaluable,likegold.Seeyou.”“Waitaminute.Whatdoyoumean____10____gold?”Buttherewasnoreply.Thewaterhadgone.1.A.brushed B.tobrush C.brushing D.beingbrushed2.A.and B.but C.or D.so3.A.impolitely B.impolite C.polite D.politely4.A.why B.how C.when D.where5.A.the B.a C.an D./6.A.which B.who C.whose D.why7.A.clean B.cleaning C.cleaned D.toclean8.A.drink B.todrink C.tobedrunk D.drinking9.A.after B.before C.unless D.until10.A.about B.by C.on D.of【答案】1.C

2.B

3.A

4.D

5.B

6.A

7.C

8.B

9.D

10.B【解析】本文是一篇記敘文，一個擬人化的水滴講述了自己的來處并教育人們要珍惜水資源。1.句意：她正在刷牙，水龍頭開著。brushed刷，過去分詞；tobrush刷，動詞不定式；brushing刷，現(xiàn)在分詞；beingbrushed刷，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時被動語態(tài)。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，空格處位于“are+現(xiàn)在分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中。故選C。2.句意：她環(huán)顧四周，但沒有看到任何人。and和；but但是；or或者；so因此。根據(jù)前后語境可知，她環(huán)顧四周，但沒有看到任何人。此處存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用表轉(zhuǎn)折的連詞but，故選B。3.句意：有人不禮貌地大叫著。impolitely不禮貌地，副詞；impolite不禮貌地，形容詞；polite禮貌的，形容詞；politely禮貌的，副詞根據(jù)句中“shouted”提示，此處應(yīng)用副詞，且大喊大叫是不禮貌的，故應(yīng)用“不禮貌地”副詞。故選A。4.句意：你知道我來自哪里嗎？why為什么；how怎么樣；when什么時候；where哪里。根據(jù)下文“Afewdaysago,Iwasflyingfortablyinacloud,enjoyingtheviewfromthesky.ThenIdroppedintoariverwhichcarriedmetoalake.Thenitwastimeformetogetcleanedup”可知，是在說水滴是從哪里來的。故選D。5.句意：幾天前，我在云中舒適地飛翔，欣賞著天空的景色。the定冠詞，表特指；a不定冠詞，表泛指，用于以輔音音素開頭的單詞前；an不定冠詞，表泛指，用于以元音音素開頭的單詞前；/零冠詞?？崭窈鬄閱螖?shù)名詞“cloud”，故應(yīng)用不定冠詞表示概念“一”，且“cloud”以輔音音素開頭，故應(yīng)用“a”。故選B。6.句意：然后，我掉進(jìn)了一條河中，河水把我?guī)У搅艘粋€湖里。which哪一個；who誰；whose誰的；why為什么。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，該句為定語從句，先行詞為“river”，指物，故應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which，故選A。7.句意：然后是時候把我清理干凈了。clean清掃，動詞原形；cleaning清掃，現(xiàn)在分詞；cleaned清掃，過去分詞；toclean清掃，動詞不定式。根據(jù)語境可知，水滴與動詞“clean”之間為被動關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用“get+過去分詞”表被動語態(tài)。故選C。8.句意：所以為了讓我喝得安全，人們給了我一次徹底的清潔。drink喝，動詞原形；todrink喝，動詞不定式；tobedrunk喝，動詞不定式被動語態(tài)；drinking喝，現(xiàn)在分詞。根據(jù)上文“makemesafe”可知，此處應(yīng)用動詞不定式作目的狀語。故選B。9.句意：我在那里等著，直到你召喚我，我就在這里了。after在……后；before在……之前；unless除非；until直到。結(jié)合前后文“Iwaitedthere”和“youcalledme”可知，是知道被召喚之前，一直呆在水管里。故選D。10.句意：等等，你說的金子是什么意思？about關(guān)于；by說到；on在……上；of……的。Whatdoyoumeanby…?意為“你這……是什么意思?”，符合句意，故選B。八、閱讀理解LivinginChina,itisveryeasyforustogetcleanwater.However,inmanyotherplacesaroundtheworld,cleanwaterisunavailable.TakeLiberia(利比里亞)asanexample.Manypeopletherehavenochoicebuttodrinkdirtywater.Everyyear,manychildrendieofdiarrhea(腹瀉).DestineeWhitakerlearnedthiswhensheenteredhighschool.Theproblemworriedheralot.TheAmericangirlwantedtomakeadifference.Shesharedherwishwithherschoolmates.Together,theydiscussedhowtohelppeopleinLiberia.Thestudentsdecidedtodonatewaterpurificationsystems(水質(zhì)凈化系統(tǒng))toLiberia.Toraisemoney,theyheldbakesalesattheirschool.Finally,theycollectedenoughmoney.Whitakergaveacheck(支票)topeopleinLiberia.Thelocalpeoplewereexcitedaboutthe“gift”.Theyweremovedbywhatthestudentshaddone.Remember:Noteveryoneinthisworldhaswhatwehave.Noteveryonelivesthewaywelive.Byputtingher“bigdream”intoaction,WhitakerchangedthelivesofmanyLiberianpeople.Then,whatcanyoudotomakethisworldabetterplace?1.WhydomanychildrendieofdiarrheainLiberia?A.Becausetherearen’tanydoctors. B.Becausethereisn’tcleanwater.C.Becausetheydon’thaveenoughmedicine. D.Becausepeoplethereliketodrinkdirtywater.2.WhatdoesDestineeWhitakerdo?A.Sheisahighschool