重難點09閱讀理解之記敘文2022年中考英語專練

重難點09閱讀理解之記敘文中考閱讀理解題主要考查學(xué)生的語篇閱讀能力、分析和判斷能力。要求學(xué)生能較快地通過閱讀理解短文大意，獲取其中的主要信息，能做出正確判斷，然后根據(jù)試題的要求從A,B,C,D四個選項中選出最佳答案或做出正誤判斷。文章的難易程度和初三課文基本相同，要求閱讀速度為每分鐘4050個詞。主要涉及到記敘文，說明文，應(yīng)用文等。1.主旨題解題技巧為：找主題句。應(yīng)先通讀全文，理解大意，充分理解主題句的意義。主題句通常出現(xiàn)在短文第一句或最后一句。2.細節(jié)題解題技巧為：快速捕捉信息，尤其是一些事例、數(shù)字等，劃出相關(guān)句子，進行對照。3.推斷題解題技巧為：尋找線索，悟出字里行間的意思。4.猜測詞義題解題技巧為：通過閱讀上下文，斷定該詞的真正含義。記敘文熱衷于人物故事類。（2021·甘肅蘭州·中考真題）話題：97歲高齡的GiuseppePaterno成功獲得了大學(xué)學(xué)位難度：★★建議用時：6分Sixweeksbeforehis97thbirthday,GiuseppePaternomadehisdreamofalifetimeetrue:Hegotauniversitydegree.Mr.Paterno’sstoryhasbeenreportedaroundtheworld,partlybecauseofhisage.Buthehasalsodrawnattentionbecausehislifestoryspeaksofbelief.HehasencouragedmillionsofchildreninItalyandelsewherewhiletheyarefacingdifficultiesduringthecoronaviruspandemic（新冠疫情）.BorninPalermoin1923,thefirstofsevenchildreninaverypoorfamily.Mr.Paternobeganworkingsoonafterfinishingprimaryschool.Itwasonlyafterheretiredinthemid1980sthathereturnedtohisbooks.“Hisstoryshowsthatdreamscanetrueandthatyoucanremainyoung—notinagebutinspirit—ifyoudevelopinterests,”saidRosellaCancila,histeacherofhistoryattheUniversityofPalermo.Italy’suniversitysystemisbasedonathreeyeardegree,thenatwoyearmaster’scourse.UniversityofficialsarehopingthatMr.Paternowillcontinuehisstudies.△“Ihavetosaythatinthismoment,Idon’tknowwhetherIwouldkeeponstudyingwiththesamespirit,”hesaid,addingthatalltheattentionhadmadehimabittired.Still,Mr.Paternosaidthathewouldprobablytrytogethismaster’sdegreebuthehadn’tdecidedyet.閱讀以上短文。根據(jù)其內(nèi)容回答其后各個小題。1．GiuseppePaterno’sdreamofalifetimeisto________.A．drawpeople’sattention B．worktosupporthisfamilyC．getuniversitydegree D．encouragethechildreninhiscounty2．Theunderlinedword“belief”inparagraph2probablymeans________.A．品格 B．信念 C．責(zé)任 D．觀點3．AccordingtoRossellaCancia,developinginterestscanhelppeoplestay________.A．younginspirit B．younginage C．healthyinbody D．healthyinmind4．Whichofthefollowingsentencescanbebestputinthe“△”?A．Andheisquitesure. B．Butheisn’tsosure.C．Andheagreespletely. D．Buthedoesn’tagreeatall.5．Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．SeeingIsBelieving. B．PracticeMakesPerfect.C．ActionsSpeakLouderThanWords. D．It’sNeverTooLatetoFollowDream.【答案】1．C2．B3．A4．B5．D【分析】本文講述了97歲高齡的GiuseppePaterno成功獲得了大學(xué)學(xué)位，實現(xiàn)了自己一生的夢想。1．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“GiuseppePaternomadehisdreamofalifetimeetrue:Hegotauniversitydegree.”可知，GiuseppePaterno一生的夢想是得到大學(xué)學(xué)位。故選C。2．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)“HehasencouragedmillionsofchildreninItalyandelsewherewhiletheyarefacingdifficultiesduringthecoronaviruspandemic”可知，GiuseppePaterno的故事鼓舞了很多處于困境的孩子，此處指的是信念的力量，所以“belief”的意思是“信念”。故選B。3．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Hisstoryshowsthatdreamscanetrueandthatyoucanremainyoung—notinagebutinspirit—ifyoudevelopinterests”可知，培養(yǎng)興趣可以讓人保持精神上的年輕。故選A。4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“UniversityofficialsarehopingthatMr.Paternowillcontinuehisstudies.”以及“Ihavetosaythatinthismoment,Idon’tknowwhetherIwouldkeeponstudyingwiththesamespirit”可知，GiuseppePaterno不確定是否繼續(xù)自己的學(xué)業(yè)。故選B。5．最佳標(biāo)題。閱讀全文可知，本文講述了97歲高齡的GiuseppePaterno成功獲得了大學(xué)學(xué)位，實現(xiàn)了自己一生的夢想，所以D選項“追求夢想永遠不會太遲?！笔潜疚淖罴褬?biāo)題。故選D。2、（2021·青海西寧·中考真題）話題：在脫貧戰(zhàn)斗中涌現(xiàn)出的英雄難度：★★建議用時：6分Poverty（貧窮）isabigproblemintheworld,butChinahasdoneagoodjobtodealwithitandmadetheproudachievement.Duringfightingpoverty,we’vebeenmovedbymanyheroes.HelpingGirls◆ZhangGuimei◆Lijiang,Yunnan◆Manygirlscouldn’tgotoschoolbecausetheywereverypoor.◆Mrs.Zhangstartedagirlschoolforfreeandhelpedover1,800girlsgotocollege.BuildingaRoad◆MaoXianglin◆Wushan,Chongqing◆Villagerslivedonthe1,000﹣meter﹣highcliffs（懸崖峭壁）.Soittookthemthreedaystowalktothenearesttowninthepast.◆Mr.Maoledvillagerstobuildaroadwiththeirhandsfor7years.Nowtheyspendjustanhourdrivingtothenearesttown.Localpeoplecansellfruittootherplacesconveniently.PlantingMushrooms（蘑菇）◆ChenZaiming◆JingdongYi,Yunnan◆Thisplacewasfamousforitswildmushrooms.Butvillagersdidn’tknowhowtogrowthem.◆Mr.Chentaughtvillagerstoplantmushroomsandhelpedthemmakeover5millionyuan.ChineseAchievements◆832counties（縣）and128,000villagesarenolongerinpoverty.◆98.99millionvillagershavebeenliftedoutofpovertyinthepast8year.◆Chinaisresponsibleforreducing70percentofpovertysincethelate1970sallovertheworld.Whohelpedgirlsgotocollege？A．ZhangGuimei. B．MaoXianglin. C．ChenZaiming. D．Allabove.7．HowdidpeoplegotothenearesttowninWushan,Chongqinginthepast？A．Onfoot. B．Bybus. C．Bycar. D．Bytrain.8．Whichplacewaswell﹣knownforwildmushroomsinthetext？A．Lijiang. B．Wushan. C．JingdongYi. D．Notmentioned.9．Howmanyvillagershavebeenliftedoutofpovertyinthepast8yearsinChina？A．832. B．1,800. C．12,8000. D．98,990,000.10．WhichofthefollowingisTRUE？A．Girlsdidn’twanttogotoschoolinLijiang,Yunnan.B．IttakespeoplethreehourstodrivetothenearesttowninWushannow.C．PeopleusedtobegoodatgrowingwildmushroomsinJingdongYi.D．Chinahasgotthegreatestachievementonliftingoutofpoverty.【答案】6．A7．A8．C9．D10．D【分析】本文講述了中國在脫貧戰(zhàn)斗中涌現(xiàn)出的英雄以及他們所做出的貢獻。6．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“ZhangGuimei…Mrs.Zhangstartedagirlschoolforfreeandhelpedover1,800girlsgotocollege”可知，張貴梅幫助女孩們上學(xué)，故選A。7．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Wushan,Chongqing…Soittookthemthreedaystowalktothenearesttowninthepast.”可知，過去重慶巫山的人們?nèi)プ罱逆?zhèn)上，需要步行去，故選A。8．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“JingdongYi,Yunnan…Thisplacewasfamousforitswildmushrooms.”可知，云南省的景東彝族自治縣因為野生蘑菇而出名，故選C。9．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“98.99millionvillagershavebeenliftedoutofpovertyinthepast8year.”可知，8年來，9899萬村民實現(xiàn)了脫貧。故選D。10．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Poverty（貧窮）isabigproblemintheworld,butChinahasdoneagoodjobtodealwithitandmadetheproudachievement.”可知，中國在脫貧方面已經(jīng)取得了偉大的成就，故選D。3、（2021·廣西河池·中考真題）話題：盲人王香君難度：★★建議用時：6分WangXiangjunisthefirstblindstudenttotakegaokaoinAnhui.ShewenttoamusiccollegeinTianjinin2015.It’sneveraneasythingforblindpeopletodothat.Wangwasblindwhenshewasborn.Attheageofeight,shestartedtolearntoplaythepiano.ThefirstproblemforWangwastofindthekeys.Shehadtolistentothemelody（旋律）againandagain,keepitinmindandthenpracticeplayingitoverandoveragain.Sheworkedveryhardandplayedbetterandbetter.Musicmadeherconfidentandhappy.“Manykindpeoplehelpedmeoverthepastyears.Iwishtopassontheloveandkindnesstomoreblindchildrenbyworkingasateacher.”saidWangaftershegraduatedfromcollegein2019.Herdreamcametruesoon.ShebecameapianoteacherintheHefeiSpecialEducationCenterthatyear.NowWanglivesabusybuthappylife.“Allofmystudentsaresolovely.Iknowtheirdifficultiesinlearning.Icanteachthemwithmyexperienceandletthemknowthereishopeandabrightfutureahead,”saidWang.11．It’sneveraneasythingfor________togotocollege.A．oldpeople B．youngpeople C．blindpeople D．deafpeople12．Wangstartedtolearntoplaythepianowhenshewas________yearsold.A．seven B．eight C．nine D．ten13．ThefirstproblemforWangis________whenshestartedtoplaythepiano.A．tofindthekeys B．tolistentothemelodyC．tokeepthemelodyinmind D．toplaythepianowithfingers14．AfterWanggraduatedfromcollegein2019,shewantedtoworkas________.A．a(chǎn)worker B．a(chǎn)nurse C．a(chǎn)teacher D．a(chǎn)nofficer15．Wanghelpedherstudentsknowthereishopeandabright________ahead.A．job B．sun C．road D．future【答案】11．C12．B13．A14．C15．D【分析】本文主要講述了第一位參加高考的盲人王香君通過音樂來找到自信，并且她把自己的經(jīng)歷告訴給學(xué)生們，讓他們明白前面有希望和明亮的未來。11．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“It’sneveraneasythingforblindpeopletodothat”可知，盲人參加高考并不容易，故選C。12．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Attheageofeight,shestartedtolearntoplaythepiano”可知，在八歲時學(xué)習(xí)彈鋼琴，故選B。13．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“ThefirstproblemforWangwastofindthekeys”可知，第一個問題是找到鋼琴上的鍵，故選A。14．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Iwishtopassontheloveandkindnesstomoreblindchildrenbyworkingasateacher”可知，她想成為一名老師，故選C。15．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Icanteachthemwithmyexperienceandletthemknowthereishopeandabrightfutureahead”可知，讓學(xué)生知道有希望和光明的未來，故選D。4、（2021·遼寧葫蘆島·中考真題）話題：微信的創(chuàng)始人難度：★★建議用時：6分Thereareabout1.4billion(十億)peopleinChina.WeChatispartoflifeformanyChinese.Weuseittochat,sendphotos,payforthings,etc.Itisplayingabiggerrole.ButdoyouknowwhoinventedWeChat?ThemanbehinditisZhangXiaolong.Heisthevicepresident(副總裁)ofTencentandiscalled“FatherofWeChat”.ZhangXiaolongwasborninShaoyang,HunanProvincein1969.HegraduatedfromHuazhongUniversityofScienceandTechnologyin1994.Whileatuniversity,hehadmanyhobbies,suchaschess,tennisandbowling.Hisclassmatessaidwhateverhedid,hecouldgetquitegoodatitaftertryinghardforseveralyears.Helikedtosleeplate,butthatdidn’tmeanhewaslazy.Hewouldkeepworkinghardonsomethingformanyhourstillmidnight.Suchacleverandhardworkingmanwouldsurelysucceed.In1997,hecreatedFoxmailandachievedsuccess.HecreatedWeChatin2011,anditbecameabiggersuccess.Itissoeasytouse.________.Becauseofit,Zhanghasbeerichandsuccessful,buthealwayskeepsalowprofile(低調(diào)).Fewpeopleknowabouthim.Heonlyletshisworkspeakforhim.YoumayhaveagoodunderstandingofhimbyusingWeChat.January21,2021wasthe10thbirthdayofWeChat.It’ssaidthatZhangXiaolongismakinghisanother10yearplanforWeChat.Willhesurpriseusagain?That’sforsure.16．Ifyouforgettotakemoney,youcan________byWeChat.A．cook B．chat C．sendphotos D．payforthings17．ZhangXiaolonglefthisuniversity________.A．in1969 B．in1994 C．in1997 D．in201118．AccordingtoZhang’sclassmates,hewas________atuniversity.A．lazy B．hardworking C．relaxed D．friendly19．Whichofthefollowingcanbeputinthe“________”inthethirdparagraph?A．AboutonebillionpeopleuseitnowB．FewpeoplefindWeChatveryinterestingC．PeopleneveruseWeChatintheirdailylifeD．SomeonelikesusingWeChattodomanythings20．WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A．ZhangXiaolonglikesspeakingforhimself.B．PeoplehaveusedWeChatforlessthantenyears.C．WeChatisplayingabiggerroleinpeople’slives.D．ZhangXiaolongcangetgoodatsomethingeasily.【答案】16．D17．B18．B19．A20．C【分析】本文介紹了微信的創(chuàng)始人——張小龍的成長背景，以及他做人的風(fēng)格，并且作者期待著微信的另一個十年計劃所帶來的驚喜。16．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Weuseittochat,sendphotos,payforthings,etc”可知，人們可以用微信付款，故選D。17．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“HegraduatedfromHuazhongUniversityofScienceandTechnologyin1994”可知，在1994年離開大學(xué)，故選B。18．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Hewouldkeepworkinghardonsomethingformanyhourstillmidnight”可知，他是一個勤奮的學(xué)生，故選B。19．句意猜測題。根據(jù)“Itissoeasytouse”及“Becauseofit,Zhanghasbeerichandsuccessful”可知，微信很容易用，所以很多人現(xiàn)在都在用微信，這些讓張小龍變得又成功又富有，A選項“現(xiàn)在大約有10億人在使用它”符合，故選A。20．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Thereareabout1.4billion(十億)peopleinChina.WeChatispartoflifeformanyChinese”可知，微信在人們的生活中起著重要的作用，C表述正確，故選C。5、（2021·遼寧營口·中考真題）話題：袁隆平難度：★★建議用時：6分TheBrightestStarintheSkyYuanLongpingisoneofthemostfamousscientists.Heregardshimselfasafarmerbecausehedoshisresearchinthefields.Infact,hissunburntfaceandarmsandhisslim,strongbodyarejustlikethoseofmillionsoffarmers.Dr.YuanLongpinggrowswhatiscalledsuperhybrid（雜交性的）rice.In1974,hebecamethefirstagricultural（農(nóng)業(yè)的）pioneerinthewordtogrowricehathasahighoutput（產(chǎn)量）.Thisspecialricemakesitpossibletoproduceone﹣thirdmoreofthecropinthesamefields.Nowmorethan60%ofthericeproducedinChinaeachyearisfromthehybridricestrain（品種，種類）.HewasborninBeijingin1930.SincehegraduatedfromSouthwestAgriculturalCollegein1953.Findingwaystogrowmorericehasbeenhislifegoal.Hesearchedforawaytoincreasericeharvestswithoutexpanding（擴大，增加）theareaofthefields.Inarecentresearch，theseincreasedharvestsmeanthat22%oftheworld'speoplearefedfromjust7%ofthefarmlandinChina.India,Vietnamandmanyotherlessdevelopedcountrieshaveplantedsuperhybridricetoincreasetheirriceharvests.Unluckily,hediedonMay22,2021.Thoughhewasillinbed,hestillcaredabouthisriceinthefields.Healwayssaid,"Amanisjustlikeaseed.Pleasebeagoodseed."YuanworksforthepeoplenotonlyinChinabutalsoaroundtheworld.Hehasbeeaheroandisrememberedineveryone'sheartforever.Heiscalled"thebrighteststarinthesky"byhisstudents.21．WhatdoesYuanLongpingdo?A．Afarmer. B．Apioneer. C．Ascientist. D．Ahero.22．WhydoesYuanLongpingcallhimselfafarmer?A．Becauseofhissunburntfaceandarms.B．Becauseofhisworkingplaceinthefields.C．Becauseofhisslimandstrongbody.D．Becauseofhisresearchofsuperhybridwheat.23．YuanLongpingwas________yearsoldwhenhebecamethefirstagriculturalpioneerintheworld.A．68 B．91 C．44 D．8924．Accordingt