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Chapter4
EntrainmentElectromotiveForceandPrototypeMotorModel車用驅(qū)動電機原理與控制基礎(chǔ)(第2版)PrincipleandControlFundamentalsofVehicleDriveMotors2
4.1RotatingReferenceFrameandEntrainmentElectromotiveForce3
RotatingReferenceFrameandRotationalTransformationofSpaceVector4RotatingReferenceFrameandRotationalTransformationofSpaceVectorFig.4-24StaticαβcoordinatesystemandarbitrarysynchronousrotatingDQcoordinatesystem
5
EntrainmentMotionandtheInducedMotionalElectromotiveForce6
EntrainmentaccelerationEntrainmentMotionandtheInducedMotionalElectromotiveForce7Faraday’sReferenceFrameandEntrainmentElectromotiveForceAnalysisofmotioninthenon-inertialreferenceframeInmechanicalsystem:(Non-inertial)referenceframeandinertialforce.8Faraday’sReferenceFrameandEntrainmentElectromotiveForce[1]鐘再敏,王業(yè)勤.電機模型中牽連運動及其動生電動勢的數(shù)理表達(dá)[J].電機與控制應(yīng)用,2023,50(1):30-34.
9
Faraday’sReferenceFrameandEntrainmentElectromotiveForce10TheApplicationsofFaradayreferenceframes
114.2Four-coilPrototypeMotorModel
12
Four-coilPrototypeMotorModel13Four-coilPrototypeMotorModel
14
Four-coilPrototypeMotorModel15
AnyarbitraryMTrotatingcoordinatesystemFour-coilPrototypeMotorModel16
Four-coilPrototypeMotorModelAnyarbitraryMTrotatingcoordinatesystem17Closed-loopControlCharacteristicsofPrototypeMotorModel
18Closed-loopControlCharacteristicsofPrototypeMotorModel
19
Closed-loopControlCharacteristicsofPrototypeMotorModel
20Closed-loopControlCharacteristicsofPrototypeMotorModel21
Closed-loopControlCharacteristicsofPrototypeMotorModel22
Closed-loopControlCharacteristicsofPrototypeMotorModel23TheSpaceVectorDiagramofthePrototypeMotorModelwithNon-salientPole
24
TheSpaceVectorDiagramofthePrototypeMotorModelwithSalientPole254.3Input-OutputCharacteristicsoftheFour-coilPrototypeMotorModelClosed-loopControlCharacteristicsofPrototypeMotorModel
26PowerBalanceRelationshipofthePrototypeMotorModelThefigureaboveshowstherealpowerflowofthefour-coilmotormodel.Wedefinethepositivedirectionofpowerflowasfollows:Thedirectionofpowerflowisconsideredpositivewhenelectricalenergyfromthestator-sidepowersupplyistransferredtotheair-gapmagneticfield.Thedirectionofpowerflowisalsoconsideredpositivewhenelectricalenergyfromtherotor-sidepowersupplyistransferredtotheair-gapmagneticfield,resultinginthegenerationofelectromagnetictorqueandtheoutputofmechanicalpowerfromtherotor.
27RealPower
28ReactivePower
294.4AnalyzingtheDCMotorandTransformerbasedonthePrototypeMotorModelMultiphaseTransformerDCMotorSynchronousReluctanceMotorInductionMotorPermanentMagnetSynchronousMotorDoublyFedInductionGenerator30ImplementationofPrototypeMotorModel:DCMotor
Four-CoilPrototypeMotorModelofDCMotor31
ImplementationofPrototypeMotorModel:DCMotorFour-CoilPrototypeMotorModelofDCMotor32
ImplementationofPrototypeMotorModel:Two-phaseOrthogonalTransformerFour-CoilPrototypeMotorModelofTwo-phaseOrthogonalTransformerChapter4
EntrainmentElectromotiveForceandPrototypeMotorModel車用驅(qū)動電機原理與控制基礎(chǔ)(第2版)PrincipleandControlFundamentalsofVehicleDriveMotorsChapter5
Three-phaseACWindingandItsMagneticField車用驅(qū)動電機原理與控制基礎(chǔ)(第2版)PrincipleandControlFundamentalsofVehicleDriveMotors355.1BasicsofThree-phaseACCircuits
365.2TypicalACWindingStructure5.2.1ClassificationandMainDesignParametersofACWindingTypically,conductorsmadeofsurface-insulatedcopperarefirstwoundintomulti-turncoils,alsoknownascoilelements.Thesecoilsarethenplacedinsuitableslotsonthestator.Acoilconsistsofmultipleturnsofconductor,andtheportionembeddedinthecoreslotsiscalledtheeffectivesegment,whiletheportionsonbothsidesofthecorearecalledtheendportions.Thenumberofslotsspannedbyacoilelementiscalledthecoilpitch,denotedby??.Basedonsinglecoilelement,coilsfromthesamephaseunderthesamemagneticpolearefirstconnected(inseries),andthencoilsfromthesamephasebutunderdifferentmagneticpolesareconnected(eitherinseriesorinparallel)toformaphasewinding.Intermsofthenumberofphases,ACwindingscanbedividedintosingle-phaseandmulti-phasewindings.
Generally,??isusedtorepresentthenumberofphasesofthemotorstatorwinding.Accordingtothenumberofslotsperpoleperphase,itcanbedividedintointegerslotandfractionalslotwindings.Accordingtothenumberoflayersintheslot,itisdividedintosingle-layeranddouble-layerwindings.Accordingtothepitchofthecoil,itcanbedividedintoconcentratedwindinganddistributedwinding.Windingscanalsobeclassifiedintolapwindingandwavewindingbasedontheirwindingmethods.375.2.1ClassificationandMainDesignParametersofACWindingNameSymbolFormulaexpressionDefinitionPhasenumber
Thenumberofphasesofthestatoroutputterminals.Numberofpolepairs
Motormagneticfieldpolepairsnumberofslots
TotalnumberofstatorslotsCoilpitch
ThenumberofslotsspannedbythecoilelementNumberofparallelpathsThenumberofparallelbranchesperphasewindingPoledistanceNumberofstatorslotsper(rotor)magneticpoleNumberofslotsperpoleperphaseSlotareaoccupiedbyeachphaseundereachpoleSlotpitchangleSpatialelectricalangledifferencebetweentwoadjacentslotsThenumberofslotsinthestatorisrepresentedby??,where??isaninteger.Obviously,thenumberofslotsinthestatordeterminestheresolutionofthewindingspatialdiscretization.Therefore,thegeometricdimensionsofthewindingcanbeexpressedbythenumberofslots.Forexample,thecoilpitch??representsthenumberofslotsspannedbythetwoeffectivesegmentofacoilelement,whichmustbeaninteger.Thegeometricparametersoftherotorareindependentlysetfromthestator,whichmeansthatthegeometricparametersoftherotormaynotbeintegermultiplesofthenumberofslots.Thisispermissible,andinsuchcases,fractionalmultiplesofthenumberofslotsareusedforrepresentation.Onecrucialdesignvariableisthepolepitch??,whichreferstothenumberofstatorslotscorrespondingtoeachmagneticpole(oftherotor).
Thecombinationofthenumberofpolesontherotorandthenumberofslotsonthestatorhasasignificantimpactonthemotor'sperformance.Thisiscommonlyreferredtoasthe“pole-slotcombinationproblem”.38
5.2.1ClassificationandMainDesignParametersofACWinding39
5.2.1ClassificationandMainDesignParametersofACWinding405.2.2TheDesignofThree-phaseDistributedWindingNameSymbolValuePhasenumber3Numberofpolepairs1Numberofslots6Coilpitch3Polepitch3Numberofslotsperpoleperphase1Slotpitchangle60°Parameterstablefora3-phase,1-pair-pole,6-slotsingle-layerdistributedstatorwindingFig.4-46-slotsingle-layerwindingwiringdiagramandwindingexpansiondiagram(m=3,Z=6,p=1,q=1,y=6)PhasebandAZBXCYSlotnumber123456Table:Slotallocationforeachphaseband(60-degreephaseband)41
5.2.2TheDesignofThree-phaseDistributedWindingFig.4-46-slotsingle-layerwindingwiringdiagramandwindingexpansiondiagram(m=3,Z=6,p=1,q=1,y=6)42
5.2.2TheDesignofThree-phaseDistributedWindingPhasebandAZBXCYSlotnumber1,23,45,67,89,1011,12Table:Slotallocationforeachphaseband(60-degreephaseband)435.2.2TheDesignofThree-phaseDistributedWinding
44
Fig4-7Slotelectromotiveforcestardiagramofthree-phasedouble-layerwinding5.2.2TheDesignofThree-phaseDistributedWinding45
phasebandAZBXCY1,2,34,5,67,8,910,11,1213,14,1516,17,1819,20,2122,23,2425,26,2728,29,3031,32,3334,35,365.2.2TheDesignofThree-phaseDistributedWindingTable:Slotallocationforeachphaseband(60-degreephaseband)465.2.2TheDesignofThree-phaseDistributedWinding
Connectionof12coilsinthephaseAwinding(onebranch)Connectionof12coilsinthephaseAwinding(twobranches)47Oncetheslotnumbersaredetermined,wiringandconnectionscanbemadebasedonthecoilpitch.TakingthephaseAwindingasanexample,solidlinesrepresentthesegmentsoftheupperlayercoils,anddashedlinesrepresentthesegmentsofthelowerlayercoils,andeachcoiliscomposedofonesolidandonedashedline.Thecoilnumberisindicatedbytheslotnumberoftheupperlayersegment,markedatthetopofthecoil.Inthisdesign,acoilpitchof??=8ischosenforthewinding,withapolepitch??=9.Since??<??,itisashort-pitchwinding.Thecoilswithineachpolephasegroupareconnectedinseries.Coilgroups1,2,3,andcoilgroups10,11,12areconnectedinseriestoformtheA1andX1phasebandsunderthefirstpairofmagneticpoles.Twocoilgroupsareconnectedinanti-directiontoformthefirstbranch(polephasegroup).Coilgroups19,20,21,andcoilgroups28,29,30areconnectedinseriestoformtheA2andX2phasebandsunderthesecondpairofmagneticpoles.Thetwophasebandsareconnectedinanti-directiontoformthesecondbranch.Fig.4-8ExpandedviewofthephaseAwindinginthethree-phasedouble-layeredwinding(Z=36,p=2,m=3,y=8,twopole-phaseisconnectedinseries)5.2.2TheDesignofThree-phaseDistributedWindingFig.4-12Thepole-phasegroupcomposedoffull-pitchcoilswith??=3hasthreecoilsdistributedsuccessivelyinthreeadjacentslots,formingafull-pitchdistributedwinding.Byaddingtherectangularmagnetomotiveforcewavesproducedbyeachwhole-pitchcoilpointbypoint,thecompositemagnetomotiveforceofthispole-phasegroupcanbeobtained.Thecompositemagneticfluxwaveformisastaircasewaveform.485.3.1MagnetomotiveForceofSingle-phaseWinding
49ElectromotiveForceofSinusoidalCurrent-excitedSingle-phaseWindingFig.4-11electromotiveforceofsinglecoilFull-pitchandshort-pitchcoil
50a)Themagneticfieldgeneratedbythefull-pitchcoil
5.3.1MagnetomotiveForceofSingle-phaseWindingb)WavefunctionofmagnetomotiveforceforfullpitchcoilFig.4-11Themagnetomotiveforceofsingle-phasecoil
515.3.2The(Pulsating)MagnetomotiveForceofaSingle-phaseWindingUnderCosineCurrentExcitation52Fig.4-13Thefundamentalpulsatingmagnetomotiveforcewave(standingwave)ofasingle-phasewindingatdifferentinstants
5.3.2The(Pulsating)MagnetomotiveForceofaSingle-phaseWindingUnderCosineCurrentExcitation53Fig.4-14Spatialdistributionofharmonicmagnetomotiveforce
5.3.2The(Pulsating)MagnetomotiveForceofaSingle-phaseWindingUnderCosineCurrentExcitation54Three-phaseWindingsandTheirCompositeMagnetomotiveForce55Three-phaseWindingsandTheirCompositeMagnetomotiveForce56Three-phaseWindingsandTheirCompositeMagnetomotiveForce575.3TheMagnetomotiveForceofSymmetricalThree-phaseWindingExcitedbySymmetricalThree-phaseCurrent585.3TheMagnetomotiveForceofSymmetricalThree-phaseWindingExcitedbySymmetricalThree-phaseCurrent
Fig.4-15Statorwindingsoftwo-polethree-phaseACmotors
595.3.3TheSpaceVectorExpressionofPlanarRotatingMagnetomotiveForce
Fig.4-19Shaftcoilanditsschematicdiagram,correspondingspacevectordrawingmethod60Thecurrentvectorsofthestatorandrotorareequivalenttothe“axiscoil”.5.3.3TheSpaceVectorExpressionofPlanarRotatingMagnetomotiveForce615.3.3TheSpaceVectorExpressionofPlanarRotatingMagnetomotiveForce
625.4StatorVoltage,Current,andFluxLinka
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