虛擬語氣復(fù)習(xí)專題

虛擬語氣復(fù)習(xí)專題一、考點(diǎn)聚焦

1、虛擬語氣用于條件狀語從句中

（1）表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，條件狀語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用“過去式（be動(dòng)詞的過去式用were）”，而主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用“would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形”。如：IfIwereaboy,Iwouldjointhearmy.Ifthehadtime,sheshouldgowithyou.（2）表示與過去的事實(shí)相反，條件狀語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)，主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞則用“would/should/might/could+have+過去分詞”。如：Ifhehadtakenmyadvice,hewouldhavesucceededinthecompetition.（3）表示與將來事實(shí)相反，條件狀語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞一般過去時(shí)或should(wereto)+動(dòng)詞原形，而主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞則用would/should/couldmight+動(dòng)詞原形。如；Ifitweretoraintomorrow,thefootballmatchwouldbeputoff.（4）當(dāng)條件狀語從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間作相應(yīng)調(diào)整。如：Iftheyhadworkedhard,theywouldbeverytired.(從句說的是過去，主句指的是現(xiàn)在)以下表格是虛擬語氣用于條件狀語從句中時(shí)，主句和從句謂語動(dòng)詞的形式：

條件狀語從句主

句與過去事實(shí)相反had+過去分詞should/would/could/might+have+過去分詞與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反一般過去時(shí)(be用were)would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形與將來事實(shí)相反一般過去時(shí)或should(wereto)+動(dòng)詞原形Would/should/cold/might+動(dòng)詞原形

有時(shí)侯在使用時(shí)可省略if,句子則可換成下列形式，即“were/had/should+主語”。如：WereIaboy,Iwouldjointhearmy.Hadhetakenmyadvice,hewouldhavesucceeded.Wereitnotfortheexpense,IwouldgotoBritain.Ifitwerenotfor…與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，ifithadnotbeenfor與過去事實(shí)相反，兩個(gè)都相當(dāng)于butfor/without：

Ifithadnotbeenforhishelp(=butfor/withouthishelp),wewouldnothavesucceeded.

介詞或介詞短語，如butfor,butthat,without,incaseof,undermorefavorablecondition等。

Theleadershipoftheparty,wecouldnotbelivingahappytoday.=Iftherehadn’tbeenthe

leadershipoftheparty,wecouldnotbelivingahappytoday.

A.Inspiteof

B.Butfor

C.Becauseof

D.Asfor

答案選B。Butthatshewasafraid,shewouldhavesaidno.2、虛擬語氣在wish之后的使用（1）虛擬語氣在賓語從句中的運(yùn)用。①“wish+賓語從句”表示不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，譯為“要是……就好了”等。表示現(xiàn)在不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)；表示將來不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用“would/could+動(dòng)詞原形”；表示過去不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用“had+過去分詞”或“could(should)+have+過去分詞”。如：

Iwishitwerespringalltheyearround.IwishIhadknowntheanswer.

IwishIcouldflylikeabird.3、虛擬語氣在asif/asthough之后的使用（1）虛擬語氣在asif/asthough引導(dǎo)的表語從句或狀語從句中，如果從句表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，用過去完成時(shí)；指現(xiàn)在狀況，則用一般過去時(shí)；指將來狀況則用過去將來could/woulddo時(shí)。如：Hediditasifhewereanexpert.Evenifshewerehere,shecouldnotsolvetheproblem.HadPaulreceivedsixmorevotesinthelastelection,hewouldbeourchairmannow.

混合虛擬語氣還有一種情況就是事實(shí)和虛擬假設(shè)的混合句，這樣的句子不僅僅是時(shí)間的不同，而重要是事實(shí)和假設(shè)的混合。Iwouldhavegonetovisithiminthehospitalhaditbeenatallpossible,butIwasfullyoccupiedthewholeoflastweek.該句前半部分是假設(shè)虛擬，而后半部分是事實(shí)的陳述。Yourmathinstructorwouldhavebeenhappytogiveyouamake-upexaminationhadyougoneandexplainedthatyourparentswereillatthetime.

該句前半句用的是假設(shè)虛擬，后半句主句也用的是假設(shè)虛擬（如果你去并且解釋的話），但是后半句的從句用的是事實(shí)語氣，因?yàn)椤案改覆×恕笔强陀^事實(shí)，故不需要用虛擬形式hadbeen。11、含蓄虛擬條件句（1）介詞或介詞短語，如butfor,butthat,without,incaseof,undermorefavorablecondition等。Theleadershipoftheparty,wecouldnotbelivingahappytoday.=Iftherehadn’tbeentheleadershipoftheparty,wecouldnotbelivingahappytoday.A.Inspiteof

B.Butfor

C.Becauseof

D.Asfor

答案選B。Butthatshewasafraid,shewouldhavesaidno.(2)連詞，如：sothat,unless,incase,supposing,lest,provided(倘若……)，forfearthat(唯恐)，inorderthat,onconditionthat,ifonly(要是……就好了)等。Shelistenedcarefullyinorderthatshemightdiscoverexactlywhathewanted.=ifshelistenedcarefully,shemightdiscoverexactlywhathewanted.IfonlyIhadmoremoney,Icouldbuyacar.

(注：lest,forfearthat和incase引起的從句中謂語動(dòng)詞多用should+動(dòng)詞原形，但可以不用虛擬語氣，而用動(dòng)詞的陳述語氣形式。)例如：

Theforeignteacherspokeslowlyincasewemisunderstoodhim.這位外籍教師說得很慢以免我們聽不懂。Caremustbetakeninusingthismethodlestoverflowshouldoccur.在使用此法時(shí)要小心謹(jǐn)慎，以免會(huì)發(fā)生溢流現(xiàn)象。（3）通過上下文及內(nèi)在含義，句中往往有but,otherwise,unfortunately等類似轉(zhuǎn)折詞。Ithoughtthechildren

whenwereturnedhome,buttheywerestillawake.A.weresleeping

B.wouldbesleeping

C.hadbeensleeping

D.wouldsleep選擇B。

二、精典名題導(dǎo)解1.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit_______.A.breaks

B.hasbroken

C.werebroken

D.hadbeenbroken解析：答案為C。本題考查的是asif引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中的語氣問題，asif引導(dǎo)的狀語從句如果與事實(shí)一致，不用虛擬語氣，如果與事實(shí)相反，應(yīng)用虛擬語氣。題中“當(dāng)鉛筆的一部分浸在水中，鉛筆看上去好像斷了”。而實(shí)際上鉛筆并未斷，與事實(shí)相反，前半部分陳述是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，因而本句是對(duì)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的虛擬，用werebroken。2.Ididn’tseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe___________,shewouldhavemetmybrother.

A.hascome

B.didcome

C.came

D.hadcome解析：答案為D。本題考查的是if條件句中的虛擬語氣。題意是：我在會(huì)議上沒看到你姐姐，故你姐姐沒來。因此如果“她來了”與事實(shí)相反，前面一句交代了虛擬語氣的時(shí)態(tài)是一般過去時(shí)的虛擬，所以if從句中用had+過去分詞。3.—Ifhe___________,he________thatfood.—Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately.A.waswarned;wouldnottake

B.hadbeenwarned;wouldnothavetakenC.wouldbewarned;hadnottaken

D.wouldhavebeenwarned;hadnottaken解析：答案為B。本題考查的是條件狀語從句與主句表示與事實(shí)相反時(shí)虛擬語氣的用法。根據(jù)下一句語境可知，他事先并沒有得到警告，表示過去時(shí)間的虛擬語氣，故選B。預(yù)備練習(xí)1.Theguestrecommended_______

_

___(把音樂關(guān)掉).2.Ihope______________

______(我能像鳥一樣).3.Ifhehadknownthisnewsearlier,he_____________

__(不會(huì)做出這樣的傻事).4.Youradvicethat__________

___(我們好好休息一下)isacceptedbyusall.5.Thecommandergaveanorderthatallthesoldiers___

________(準(zhǔn)備打下一次戰(zhàn)役).6.Itisnecessarythateverystudent________

____(有一本英英詞典).7.Youcanborrowmybikeifyou__________

___(今天能還給我).8.Withoutyourtimelyhelp,I___________

___(無法獨(dú)自完成任務(wù)).9.IfonlyI____________

__(是個(gè)百萬富翁).10.Johninsistedthatwe________

_____(再試一次).動(dòng)詞填空Fillintheblankswiththecorrectformofeachwordgiveninthebrackets.1.Itisimportantthatwe________(learn)somethingaboutcomputer.2.Itwasapitythatyou________(be)socarelessinthetest.3.HespeaksEnglishsofluentlyasifhe_________(study)EnglishinEngland.4.Weallagreedtohissuggestionthatwe________(make)astudyteamtostudymoreefficiently.5.Ifyou_________(take)myadvice,youwouldn’thavefailedinthehistoryexamination.6.Itwillbedesiredthatshe_______(finish)herhomeworkthisafternoon.7.Thedoctororderedthatthepatient__________(stay)inbedforafewdays.8._______you_______(arrive)atthehotelearlier,youwouldhaveseenhim.9.Mayyou__________(be)happy!10.Itishightimewe________(leave)now.11.Neverinmylife______I_________(hear)suchathing.12.Ifyouhadworkedveryhardthismorning,you_______(be)tirednow.13.Ifyou_________(come)thedayaftertomorrow,wewouldhavethemeeting.14._________(be)itnotforthehighexpense,IwouldflytotheUnitedStatestospendmyholiday.15.I’dratherthatyou__________(learn)thenewsbeforeItellyou.

單項(xiàng)選擇練習(xí)1.Theyinsistedthatyou________themaquickanddefiniteanswer.

A.shouldgive

B.willgive

C.mustgive

D.wouldgive2.IinsistedthatI________thebooktohim,buthejustwuoldn’tbelieveme.

A.shouldreturn

B.hadreturned

C.willreturn

D.wasreturning3.You__________tomybirthdaypartyyesterdayasyouhadpromised,butwhatwasthereasonforyourabsence?

A.havecome

B.came

C.shouldhavecome

D.hadcome4.Therewasplentyoftime,you__________.

A.mustn’thavehurried

B.couldn’thavehurried

C.needn’thavehurried

D.wouldn’thavehurried5.ProfessorLididn’tcomeyesterday,orI________chancetodiscusstheproblemwithhim.

A.wouldhave

B.weretohave

C.mighthavehad

D.hadhad6.Therichmanactsasifhe_________everythingintheworld.

A.knew

B.know

C.willknow

D.hadknow7.Theoldmansuggestedthattheplan_________.

A.willbepassed

B.mustbepassed

C.notbepassed

C.pass8.Theyounggirlinsistedthatshe________totheyoungmansheloved.

A.wouldbeengaged

B.beengagedto

C.shouldengage

D.mustbeengaged9.－HaveyoubeentotheNationalGallery?

－No,butIreallywishI________.A.will

B.did

C.have

D.had10.________,wewouldstillbeleadingahardlife.

A.Havewenotfoundanewjob

B.Hadwenotfoundahigh-paidjob

C.Sincewehavefoundanewjob

D.Ifwehaven’tfondahigh-paidjob11.______,hewouldhavepassedtheentranceexamination.

A.Hadheworkedharder

B.Ifhewasworkinghard

C.Ifhehasbeenworkingharder

D.Ifheworkedharder12.Themandiedofheartattackjusnow.Ifhe_______tothehospitalhalfanhourearlier,thedoctormighthavesavedhislife.

A.wassent

B.hasbeensent

C.hadbeensent

D.hadsent13.Whatwouldyoudoifthewar_________?

A.willbreakout

B.weretobreakout

C.wouldbreakout

D.isbrokenout14.Theshopkeepermovedtoanothercitylastyear,otherwisebe_______inourneighborhood.

A.willstillwork

B.shouldstillwork

C.wouldhaveworked

D.wouldstillbeworking15.Ifit__________sohard,hewouldgotobuysomefruitinthesupermarket.

A.weren’training

B.isn’training

C.doesn’train

D.isn’tgoingtorain16.Withoutyourhelp,ourproject_________already.

A.wouldhavefailed

B.wouldn’tfail

C.wouldn’thavefailed

D.hasfailed17.________fortheclouds,youwouldfindtheballoonsintheskyeasily.

A.Ifithadn’tbeen

B.Ifitwasnot

C.Wereitnot

D.Haditnotbeen18.Thekidtalksinpublicabouthisdreamasifhe_______agrown-up.

A.was

B.were

C.hadbeen

D.is19.Shewasillinbedthatday,otherwiseshe_______thefirstprize.

A.wouldwin

B.hadwon

C.shouldwin

D.wouldhavewon20.Thestudentscouldn’tworkouttheproblemifhe________Unit3.

A.hadn’tstudied

B.didn’tstudy

C.wouldn’tstudyD.hasn’tstudied21.Itisabouttimewe________home.

A.go

B.havegone

C.went

D.wouldgo22.Father_________meapresentformybirthday,buthewasshortofmoneyatthetime.

A.wouldbuy

B.hadbought

C.wouldhavebought

D.bought23.Hemadeaproposalthatameeting________todiscusstheproblem.

A.beheld

B.shouldhold

C.willbeheld

D.washeld24.Motherdidn’tgiveareply,whichsuggestedthatshe_______tothechild’sidea.

A.agree

B.agreed

C.agrees

D.willagree25.Itisnaturalthatchildren_______withmother.

A.bestayed

B.stayed

C.stay

D.willstay26.I_________tostayhereforaboutamonth,butIchangedmymind.

A.hadhoped

B.wouldhavehoped

C.musthope

D.hoped27.Hewenttolistentothelectureatlastbecausehe________nothingaboutthelecturewithoutattendingit.

A.wouldknow

B.wouldhaveknown

C.didn’tknow

D.knew28.Hegotupearlierthanbeforesothathe_________theearlybusthattime.

A.wouldhavecaught

B.caught

C.shouldcatch

D.mightcatch29._________theengineercome,themachinewouldgetrepaired.

A.Would

B.Will

C.Should

D.Had30.I_________thetaskalreadyifIhadhadenoughtime.

A.wouldhavefinished

B.wouldfinish

C.hadfinished

D.shouldfinish31.－IsawBettyinthelibraryyesterday.－You__________her,sheisstillinhospital.A.mustn’thaveseen

B.couldnotsee

C.can’thaveseen

D.mustnotsee32.Hardly_________hisspeechwhenhesawtheaudienceriseasone.

A.hadhefinished

B.didhefinish

C.hefinished

D.hehadfinished33.________thefriendshipbetweenourtwopeoplelastforever!

A.Could

B.May

C.Would

D.Must34.IfI________himtomorrow,Iwillinvitehimhome.

A.shouldsee

B.willsee

C.wouldsee

D.see35.Ifwe_______enoughrain,wecoldhavegainedagoodharvest.

A.hadhad

B.had

C.havehad

D.have36.WereItenyearsyounger,I________alloveragain.

A.willstart

B.wouldstart

C.havestarted

D.willhavestarted37.It’sabouttimewe_______agooddiscussionaboutwhatyouhavedonerecently.

A.shouldhave

B.have

C.havehad

D.willhave38.ThearticlesuggeststhatvitaminC_______veryimportantforourhealth.

A.shouldbe

B.willbe

C.is

D.was39.I’dratherwe_________arestrightnow.

A.have

B.had

C.havehad

D.hadhad40.Ifhe_______thedoctor’sadvice,he_______quiteallrightnow.

A.followed;wouldbe

B.hadfollowed;wouldbe

C.hadfollowed,wouldhavebeen

D.hasfollowed;willbe41.You______hisparents.Theyhavealreadyknownaboutit.

A.needn’thavetold

B.don’thavetold

C.wouldn’thavetold

D.oughttohavetold42.Itisveryimportantthatone_______aforeignlanguage.

A.mastered

B.hasmastered

C.shouldmaster

D.tomaster43.－Aretheregoingtobemanyguestsatyourpartytoday?－Wehopethat_______.A.therewillbe

B.therearegoing

C.thereare

D.theregoingtobe44.－Barbarasatinthefrontseatontheleftsideoftheclassroom.－Oh!Ithoughtshe_______intheback.A.issitting

B.hadsat

C.willsit

D.sat45.Itisstrangethathe_________backatthistime.

A.willcome

B.shouldhavecome

C.wouldcome

D.hadcome45.IfonlyI_______mykeys!

A.hadn’tlost

B.wouldn’tlose

C.wouldcome

D.hadcome46.IfonlyI_______mykeys!

A.hadn’tlost

B.wouldn’tlose

C.haven’tlost

D.didn’tlose47.Butforwater,it________impossibletoliveinthedesert.

A.is

B.were

C.wouldbe

D.willbe48.Iwishhe________suchabadtoothachebecauseI’msurethatyouwouldhaveenjoyedtheconcert.

A.didn’thave

B.hadn’thave

C.hadn’thad

D.hadn’t49.Heisalwaystalkingaboutlifeabroadasifhe__________abroad.

A.hadbeen

B.hasbeen

C.been

D.was50.Theprofessordemandedthatthehomework________beforenextFriday.

A.mustbehandedin

B.wouldbehandedin

C.behandedin

D.mustbehandedin真題自測(cè)1.Whereismypen?I_______it.

A.mightlose

B.wouldhavelost

C.shouldhavelost

D.musthavelost2.He______youmorehelp,eventhoughhewasverybusy.

A.mighthavegiven

B.mightgive

C.mayhavegiven

D.maygive3.We________lastnight,butwewenttotheconcertinstead.

A.musthavestudied

B.mightstudyC.shouldhavestudied

D.wouldstudy4.Tomoughtnotto________meyoursecret,buthemeantnoharm.

A.havetold

B.tell

C.betelling

D.havingtold5.ItoldSallyhowtogethere,butperhapsI________forher.

A.hadtowriteitout

B.musthavewrittenitout

C.shouldhavewrittenitout

D.oughttowriteitout6.－Therewerealreadyfivepeopleinthecarbuttheymanagedtotakemeaswell.－It______acomfortablejourney.A.can’tbe

B.shouldn’tbe

C.mustn’thavebeen

D.couldn’t’havebeen7.Youdidn’tletmedrive.Ifwe_________inturn,you_____sotired.

A.drove;didn’tget

B.drove;wouldn’tget

C.weredriving;wouldn’tget

D.haddriven;wouldn’thavegot8.－Alice,whydidn’tyoucomeyesterday?

－I______,butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.A.had

B.would

C.wasgoingto

D.did9.－IstayedatahotelwhileinNewYork.

－Oh,didyou?You_______withBarbara.

A.couldhavestayed

B.couldstay

C.wouldstay

D.musthavestayed10.Iwasreallyanxiousaboutyou.You_______homewithoutaword.

A.mustn’tleave

B.shouldn’thaveleft

C.couldn’thaveleftD.needn’tleave11.IwishI_________youyesterday.

A.seen

B.didsee

C.hadseen

D.wertosee12.Withoutelectricityhumanlife_______quitedifficulttoday.

A.is

B.willbe

C.wouldhavebeen

D.wouldbe13.Sorry,I’mlate.I_______haveturnedoffthealarmclockandgonebacktosleepagain.

A.might

B.should

C.can

D.will14.Shewasthankfulthatshe’dhadherbabyinhospital;otherwise,shethought,thebaby________.

A.died

B.haddied

C.mighthavedied

D.mightdie15.You_______allthosecalculations!Wehaveacomputertodothatsortofthing.

A.needn’thavedone

B.shouldn’thavedoneC.mustnothavedone

D.cannothavedone16.Theroomisinterriblemess;it_______cleaned.

A.can’thavebeen

B.shouldn’thavebeen

C.mustn’thavebeen

D.wouldn’thavebeen

虛擬語氣講解虛擬語氣第一部分：語氣的定義和種類1語氣(mood)語氣是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，表示說話人對(duì)某一行為或事情的看法和態(tài)度。2語氣的種類⑴、陳述語氣：表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)是現(xiàn)實(shí)的、確定的或符合事實(shí)的，用于陳述句、疑問句和某些感嘆句。如：①Therearetwosidestoeveryquestion.每個(gè)問題都有兩個(gè)方面。②Wereyoubusyalldayyesterday?昨天一整天你都很忙嗎？③Howgoodateachersheis!她是多好的一位老師啊?、啤⑵硎拐Z氣：表示說話人對(duì)對(duì)方的請(qǐng)求或命令。如：①Neverbelateagain!再也不要遲到了。②Don’tforgettoturnoffthelight.別忘了關(guān)燈。⑶、虛擬語氣：表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)不是客觀存在的事實(shí)，而是說話人的主觀愿望、假設(shè)或推測(cè)等。如：①IfIwereabird,Icouldflyintheair.如果我是一只小鳥，我就能在空中飛行。②IwishIcouldpasstheexamination.我希望我能通過考試。③Mayyousucceed!祝您成功！虛擬語氣在語法里算得上是個(gè)難點(diǎn)。讓我們就從最簡(jiǎn)單的開始吧。第二部分：簡(jiǎn)單句中的虛擬語氣一、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的過去式用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，表示說話人的謙虛、客氣、有禮貌、或委婉的語氣，常用于日常會(huì)話中。如：⑴.Wouldyoubekindenoughtoshowmethewaytothepostoffice?告訴我去郵局的路好嗎？⑵.Itwouldbebetterforyounottostayuptoolate.你最好別熬夜到很晚。二、表祝愿。1、常用“may+動(dòng)詞原形”表示祝愿，但愿，此時(shí)may須置于句首（多用于正式文體中）。⑴、Maygoodluckbeyours!祝你好運(yùn)?、啤ayyoubehappy!祝你快樂?、?、Mayyoudoevenbetter!祝你取得更大成就?、?、Mayyouhaveagoodtime.祝愿你玩的痛快。⑸、Maythefriendshipbetweenuslastlong.祝愿我們的友情天長地久。⑹、Mayyoubehappy.(注意那個(gè)be)祝你幸福。2、用動(dòng)詞原形。例如：(1).Longlivethepeople!人民萬歲！(2).“Godblessyou,”saidthepriest.牧師說：“愿上帝保佑你！”(3).Haveagoodjourney!祝愿你旅途愉快！三、表示強(qiáng)烈愿望。（該類型虛擬語氣謂語僅用動(dòng)詞原形，第三人稱單數(shù)也不加“s”）(1).Godsaveme．(2).Heavenhelpus．四、表命令1.命令虛擬語氣只能用在第二人稱(you)，而且通常省略主語(也就是you)。2.句子尾通常加上感嘆號(hào)：！3.虛擬語氣動(dòng)詞用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)(SimplePresent)，如：work,be,go4.否定形式的