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文檔簡(jiǎn)介
虛擬語氣復(fù)習(xí)專題一、考點(diǎn)聚焦
1、虛擬語氣用于條件狀語從句中
(1)表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè),條件狀語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用“過去式(be動(dòng)詞的過去式用were)”,而主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用“would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形”。如:IfIwereaboy,Iwouldjointhearmy.Ifthehadtime,sheshouldgowithyou.(2)表示與過去的事實(shí)相反,條件狀語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí),主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞則用“would/should/might/could+have+過去分詞”。如:Ifhehadtakenmyadvice,hewouldhavesucceededinthecompetition.(3)表示與將來事實(shí)相反,條件狀語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞一般過去時(shí)或should(wereto)+動(dòng)詞原形,而主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞則用would/should/couldmight+動(dòng)詞原形。如;Ifitweretoraintomorrow,thefootballmatchwouldbeputoff.(4)當(dāng)條件狀語從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí),動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間作相應(yīng)調(diào)整。如:Iftheyhadworkedhard,theywouldbeverytired.(從句說的是過去,主句指的是現(xiàn)在)以下表格是虛擬語氣用于條件狀語從句中時(shí),主句和從句謂語動(dòng)詞的形式:
條件狀語從句主
句與過去事實(shí)相反had+過去分詞should/would/could/might+have+過去分詞與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反一般過去時(shí)(be用were)would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形與將來事實(shí)相反一般過去時(shí)或should(wereto)+動(dòng)詞原形Would/should/cold/might+動(dòng)詞原形
有時(shí)侯在使用時(shí)可省略if,句子則可換成下列形式,即“were/had/should+主語”。如:WereIaboy,Iwouldjointhearmy.Hadhetakenmyadvice,hewouldhavesucceeded.Wereitnotfortheexpense,IwouldgotoBritain.Ifitwerenotfor…與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反,ifithadnotbeenfor與過去事實(shí)相反,兩個(gè)都相當(dāng)于butfor/without:
Ifithadnotbeenforhishelp(=butfor/withouthishelp),wewouldnothavesucceeded.
介詞或介詞短語,如butfor,butthat,without,incaseof,undermorefavorablecondition等。
Theleadershipoftheparty,wecouldnotbelivingahappytoday.=Iftherehadn’tbeenthe
leadershipoftheparty,wecouldnotbelivingahappytoday.
A.Inspiteof
B.Butfor
C.Becauseof
D.Asfor
答案選B。Butthatshewasafraid,shewouldhavesaidno.2、虛擬語氣在wish之后的使用(1)虛擬語氣在賓語從句中的運(yùn)用。①“wish+賓語從句”表示不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望,譯為“要是……就好了”等。表示現(xiàn)在不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望,從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí);表示將來不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望,從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用“would/could+動(dòng)詞原形”;表示過去不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望,從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用“had+過去分詞”或“could(should)+have+過去分詞”。如:
Iwishitwerespringalltheyearround.IwishIhadknowntheanswer.
IwishIcouldflylikeabird.3、虛擬語氣在asif/asthough之后的使用(1)虛擬語氣在asif/asthough引導(dǎo)的表語從句或狀語從句中,如果從句表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去,用過去完成時(shí);指現(xiàn)在狀況,則用一般過去時(shí);指將來狀況則用過去將來could/woulddo時(shí)。如:Hediditasifhewereanexpert.Evenifshewerehere,shecouldnotsolvetheproblem.HadPaulreceivedsixmorevotesinthelastelection,hewouldbeourchairmannow.
混合虛擬語氣還有一種情況就是事實(shí)和虛擬假設(shè)的混合句,這樣的句子不僅僅是時(shí)間的不同,而重要是事實(shí)和假設(shè)的混合。Iwouldhavegonetovisithiminthehospitalhaditbeenatallpossible,butIwasfullyoccupiedthewholeoflastweek.該句前半部分是假設(shè)虛擬,而后半部分是事實(shí)的陳述。Yourmathinstructorwouldhavebeenhappytogiveyouamake-upexaminationhadyougoneandexplainedthatyourparentswereillatthetime.
該句前半句用的是假設(shè)虛擬,后半句主句也用的是假設(shè)虛擬(如果你去并且解釋的話),但是后半句的從句用的是事實(shí)語氣,因?yàn)椤案改覆×恕笔强陀^事實(shí),故不需要用虛擬形式hadbeen。11、含蓄虛擬條件句(1)介詞或介詞短語,如butfor,butthat,without,incaseof,undermorefavorablecondition等。Theleadershipoftheparty,wecouldnotbelivingahappytoday.=Iftherehadn’tbeentheleadershipoftheparty,wecouldnotbelivingahappytoday.A.Inspiteof
B.Butfor
C.Becauseof
D.Asfor
答案選B。Butthatshewasafraid,shewouldhavesaidno.(2)連詞,如:sothat,unless,incase,supposing,lest,provided(倘若……),forfearthat(唯恐),inorderthat,onconditionthat,ifonly(要是……就好了)等。Shelistenedcarefullyinorderthatshemightdiscoverexactlywhathewanted.=ifshelistenedcarefully,shemightdiscoverexactlywhathewanted.IfonlyIhadmoremoney,Icouldbuyacar.
(注:lest,forfearthat和incase引起的從句中謂語動(dòng)詞多用should+動(dòng)詞原形,但可以不用虛擬語氣,而用動(dòng)詞的陳述語氣形式。)例如:
Theforeignteacherspokeslowlyincasewemisunderstoodhim.這位外籍教師說得很慢以免我們聽不懂。Caremustbetakeninusingthismethodlestoverflowshouldoccur.在使用此法時(shí)要小心謹(jǐn)慎,以免會(huì)發(fā)生溢流現(xiàn)象。(3)通過上下文及內(nèi)在含義,句中往往有but,otherwise,unfortunately等類似轉(zhuǎn)折詞。Ithoughtthechildren
whenwereturnedhome,buttheywerestillawake.A.weresleeping
B.wouldbesleeping
C.hadbeensleeping
D.wouldsleep選擇B。
二、精典名題導(dǎo)解1.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit_______.A.breaks
B.hasbroken
C.werebroken
D.hadbeenbroken解析:答案為C。本題考查的是asif引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中的語氣問題,asif引導(dǎo)的狀語從句如果與事實(shí)一致,不用虛擬語氣,如果與事實(shí)相反,應(yīng)用虛擬語氣。題中“當(dāng)鉛筆的一部分浸在水中,鉛筆看上去好像斷了”。而實(shí)際上鉛筆并未斷,與事實(shí)相反,前半部分陳述是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),因而本句是對(duì)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的虛擬,用werebroken。2.Ididn’tseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe___________,shewouldhavemetmybrother.
A.hascome
B.didcome
C.came
D.hadcome解析:答案為D。本題考查的是if條件句中的虛擬語氣。題意是:我在會(huì)議上沒看到你姐姐,故你姐姐沒來。因此如果“她來了”與事實(shí)相反,前面一句交代了虛擬語氣的時(shí)態(tài)是一般過去時(shí)的虛擬,所以if從句中用had+過去分詞。3.—Ifhe___________,he________thatfood.—Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately.A.waswarned;wouldnottake
B.hadbeenwarned;wouldnothavetakenC.wouldbewarned;hadnottaken
D.wouldhavebeenwarned;hadnottaken解析:答案為B。本題考查的是條件狀語從句與主句表示與事實(shí)相反時(shí)虛擬語氣的用法。根據(jù)下一句語境可知,他事先并沒有得到警告,表示過去時(shí)間的虛擬語氣,故選B。預(yù)備練習(xí)1.Theguestrecommended_______
_
___(把音樂關(guān)掉).2.Ihope______________
______(我能像鳥一樣).3.Ifhehadknownthisnewsearlier,he_____________
__(不會(huì)做出這樣的傻事).4.Youradvicethat__________
___(我們好好休息一下)isacceptedbyusall.5.Thecommandergaveanorderthatallthesoldiers___
________(準(zhǔn)備打下一次戰(zhàn)役).6.Itisnecessarythateverystudent________
____(有一本英英詞典).7.Youcanborrowmybikeifyou__________
___(今天能還給我).8.Withoutyourtimelyhelp,I___________
___(無法獨(dú)自完成任務(wù)).9.IfonlyI____________
__(是個(gè)百萬富翁).10.Johninsistedthatwe________
_____(再試一次).動(dòng)詞填空Fillintheblankswiththecorrectformofeachwordgiveninthebrackets.1.Itisimportantthatwe________(learn)somethingaboutcomputer.2.Itwasapitythatyou________(be)socarelessinthetest.3.HespeaksEnglishsofluentlyasifhe_________(study)EnglishinEngland.4.Weallagreedtohissuggestionthatwe________(make)astudyteamtostudymoreefficiently.5.Ifyou_________(take)myadvice,youwouldn’thavefailedinthehistoryexamination.6.Itwillbedesiredthatshe_______(finish)herhomeworkthisafternoon.7.Thedoctororderedthatthepatient__________(stay)inbedforafewdays.8._______you_______(arrive)atthehotelearlier,youwouldhaveseenhim.9.Mayyou__________(be)happy!10.Itishightimewe________(leave)now.11.Neverinmylife______I_________(hear)suchathing.12.Ifyouhadworkedveryhardthismorning,you_______(be)tirednow.13.Ifyou_________(come)thedayaftertomorrow,wewouldhavethemeeting.14._________(be)itnotforthehighexpense,IwouldflytotheUnitedStatestospendmyholiday.15.I’dratherthatyou__________(learn)thenewsbeforeItellyou.
單項(xiàng)選擇練習(xí)1.Theyinsistedthatyou________themaquickanddefiniteanswer.
A.shouldgive
B.willgive
C.mustgive
D.wouldgive2.IinsistedthatI________thebooktohim,buthejustwuoldn’tbelieveme.
A.shouldreturn
B.hadreturned
C.willreturn
D.wasreturning3.You__________tomybirthdaypartyyesterdayasyouhadpromised,butwhatwasthereasonforyourabsence?
A.havecome
B.came
C.shouldhavecome
D.hadcome4.Therewasplentyoftime,you__________.
A.mustn’thavehurried
B.couldn’thavehurried
C.needn’thavehurried
D.wouldn’thavehurried5.ProfessorLididn’tcomeyesterday,orI________chancetodiscusstheproblemwithhim.
A.wouldhave
B.weretohave
C.mighthavehad
D.hadhad6.Therichmanactsasifhe_________everythingintheworld.
A.knew
B.know
C.willknow
D.hadknow7.Theoldmansuggestedthattheplan_________.
A.willbepassed
B.mustbepassed
C.notbepassed
C.pass8.Theyounggirlinsistedthatshe________totheyoungmansheloved.
A.wouldbeengaged
B.beengagedto
C.shouldengage
D.mustbeengaged9.-HaveyoubeentotheNationalGallery?
-No,butIreallywishI________.A.will
B.did
C.have
D.had10.________,wewouldstillbeleadingahardlife.
A.Havewenotfoundanewjob
B.Hadwenotfoundahigh-paidjob
C.Sincewehavefoundanewjob
D.Ifwehaven’tfondahigh-paidjob11.______,hewouldhavepassedtheentranceexamination.
A.Hadheworkedharder
B.Ifhewasworkinghard
C.Ifhehasbeenworkingharder
D.Ifheworkedharder12.Themandiedofheartattackjusnow.Ifhe_______tothehospitalhalfanhourearlier,thedoctormighthavesavedhislife.
A.wassent
B.hasbeensent
C.hadbeensent
D.hadsent13.Whatwouldyoudoifthewar_________?
A.willbreakout
B.weretobreakout
C.wouldbreakout
D.isbrokenout14.Theshopkeepermovedtoanothercitylastyear,otherwisebe_______inourneighborhood.
A.willstillwork
B.shouldstillwork
C.wouldhaveworked
D.wouldstillbeworking15.Ifit__________sohard,hewouldgotobuysomefruitinthesupermarket.
A.weren’training
B.isn’training
C.doesn’train
D.isn’tgoingtorain16.Withoutyourhelp,ourproject_________already.
A.wouldhavefailed
B.wouldn’tfail
C.wouldn’thavefailed
D.hasfailed17.________fortheclouds,youwouldfindtheballoonsintheskyeasily.
A.Ifithadn’tbeen
B.Ifitwasnot
C.Wereitnot
D.Haditnotbeen18.Thekidtalksinpublicabouthisdreamasifhe_______agrown-up.
A.was
B.were
C.hadbeen
D.is19.Shewasillinbedthatday,otherwiseshe_______thefirstprize.
A.wouldwin
B.hadwon
C.shouldwin
D.wouldhavewon20.Thestudentscouldn’tworkouttheproblemifhe________Unit3.
A.hadn’tstudied
B.didn’tstudy
C.wouldn’tstudyD.hasn’tstudied21.Itisabouttimewe________home.
A.go
B.havegone
C.went
D.wouldgo22.Father_________meapresentformybirthday,buthewasshortofmoneyatthetime.
A.wouldbuy
B.hadbought
C.wouldhavebought
D.bought23.Hemadeaproposalthatameeting________todiscusstheproblem.
A.beheld
B.shouldhold
C.willbeheld
D.washeld24.Motherdidn’tgiveareply,whichsuggestedthatshe_______tothechild’sidea.
A.agree
B.agreed
C.agrees
D.willagree25.Itisnaturalthatchildren_______withmother.
A.bestayed
B.stayed
C.stay
D.willstay26.I_________tostayhereforaboutamonth,butIchangedmymind.
A.hadhoped
B.wouldhavehoped
C.musthope
D.hoped27.Hewenttolistentothelectureatlastbecausehe________nothingaboutthelecturewithoutattendingit.
A.wouldknow
B.wouldhaveknown
C.didn’tknow
D.knew28.Hegotupearlierthanbeforesothathe_________theearlybusthattime.
A.wouldhavecaught
B.caught
C.shouldcatch
D.mightcatch29._________theengineercome,themachinewouldgetrepaired.
A.Would
B.Will
C.Should
D.Had30.I_________thetaskalreadyifIhadhadenoughtime.
A.wouldhavefinished
B.wouldfinish
C.hadfinished
D.shouldfinish31.-IsawBettyinthelibraryyesterday.-You__________her,sheisstillinhospital.A.mustn’thaveseen
B.couldnotsee
C.can’thaveseen
D.mustnotsee32.Hardly_________hisspeechwhenhesawtheaudienceriseasone.
A.hadhefinished
B.didhefinish
C.hefinished
D.hehadfinished33.________thefriendshipbetweenourtwopeoplelastforever!
A.Could
B.May
C.Would
D.Must34.IfI________himtomorrow,Iwillinvitehimhome.
A.shouldsee
B.willsee
C.wouldsee
D.see35.Ifwe_______enoughrain,wecoldhavegainedagoodharvest.
A.hadhad
B.had
C.havehad
D.have36.WereItenyearsyounger,I________alloveragain.
A.willstart
B.wouldstart
C.havestarted
D.willhavestarted37.It’sabouttimewe_______agooddiscussionaboutwhatyouhavedonerecently.
A.shouldhave
B.have
C.havehad
D.willhave38.ThearticlesuggeststhatvitaminC_______veryimportantforourhealth.
A.shouldbe
B.willbe
C.is
D.was39.I’dratherwe_________arestrightnow.
A.have
B.had
C.havehad
D.hadhad40.Ifhe_______thedoctor’sadvice,he_______quiteallrightnow.
A.followed;wouldbe
B.hadfollowed;wouldbe
C.hadfollowed,wouldhavebeen
D.hasfollowed;willbe41.You______hisparents.Theyhavealreadyknownaboutit.
A.needn’thavetold
B.don’thavetold
C.wouldn’thavetold
D.oughttohavetold42.Itisveryimportantthatone_______aforeignlanguage.
A.mastered
B.hasmastered
C.shouldmaster
D.tomaster43.-Aretheregoingtobemanyguestsatyourpartytoday?-Wehopethat_______.A.therewillbe
B.therearegoing
C.thereare
D.theregoingtobe44.-Barbarasatinthefrontseatontheleftsideoftheclassroom.-Oh!Ithoughtshe_______intheback.A.issitting
B.hadsat
C.willsit
D.sat45.Itisstrangethathe_________backatthistime.
A.willcome
B.shouldhavecome
C.wouldcome
D.hadcome45.IfonlyI_______mykeys!
A.hadn’tlost
B.wouldn’tlose
C.wouldcome
D.hadcome46.IfonlyI_______mykeys!
A.hadn’tlost
B.wouldn’tlose
C.haven’tlost
D.didn’tlose47.Butforwater,it________impossibletoliveinthedesert.
A.is
B.were
C.wouldbe
D.willbe48.Iwishhe________suchabadtoothachebecauseI’msurethatyouwouldhaveenjoyedtheconcert.
A.didn’thave
B.hadn’thave
C.hadn’thad
D.hadn’t49.Heisalwaystalkingaboutlifeabroadasifhe__________abroad.
A.hadbeen
B.hasbeen
C.been
D.was50.Theprofessordemandedthatthehomework________beforenextFriday.
A.mustbehandedin
B.wouldbehandedin
C.behandedin
D.mustbehandedin真題自測(cè)1.Whereismypen?I_______it.
A.mightlose
B.wouldhavelost
C.shouldhavelost
D.musthavelost2.He______youmorehelp,eventhoughhewasverybusy.
A.mighthavegiven
B.mightgive
C.mayhavegiven
D.maygive3.We________lastnight,butwewenttotheconcertinstead.
A.musthavestudied
B.mightstudyC.shouldhavestudied
D.wouldstudy4.Tomoughtnotto________meyoursecret,buthemeantnoharm.
A.havetold
B.tell
C.betelling
D.havingtold5.ItoldSallyhowtogethere,butperhapsI________forher.
A.hadtowriteitout
B.musthavewrittenitout
C.shouldhavewrittenitout
D.oughttowriteitout6.-Therewerealreadyfivepeopleinthecarbuttheymanagedtotakemeaswell.-It______acomfortablejourney.A.can’tbe
B.shouldn’tbe
C.mustn’thavebeen
D.couldn’t’havebeen7.Youdidn’tletmedrive.Ifwe_________inturn,you_____sotired.
A.drove;didn’tget
B.drove;wouldn’tget
C.weredriving;wouldn’tget
D.haddriven;wouldn’thavegot8.-Alice,whydidn’tyoucomeyesterday?
-I______,butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.A.had
B.would
C.wasgoingto
D.did9.-IstayedatahotelwhileinNewYork.
-Oh,didyou?You_______withBarbara.
A.couldhavestayed
B.couldstay
C.wouldstay
D.musthavestayed10.Iwasreallyanxiousaboutyou.You_______homewithoutaword.
A.mustn’tleave
B.shouldn’thaveleft
C.couldn’thaveleftD.needn’tleave11.IwishI_________youyesterday.
A.seen
B.didsee
C.hadseen
D.wertosee12.Withoutelectricityhumanlife_______quitedifficulttoday.
A.is
B.willbe
C.wouldhavebeen
D.wouldbe13.Sorry,I’mlate.I_______haveturnedoffthealarmclockandgonebacktosleepagain.
A.might
B.should
C.can
D.will14.Shewasthankfulthatshe’dhadherbabyinhospital;otherwise,shethought,thebaby________.
A.died
B.haddied
C.mighthavedied
D.mightdie15.You_______allthosecalculations!Wehaveacomputertodothatsortofthing.
A.needn’thavedone
B.shouldn’thavedoneC.mustnothavedone
D.cannothavedone16.Theroomisinterriblemess;it_______cleaned.
A.can’thavebeen
B.shouldn’thavebeen
C.mustn’thavebeen
D.wouldn’thavebeen
虛擬語氣講解虛擬語氣第一部分:語氣的定義和種類1語氣(mood)語氣是動(dòng)詞的一種形式,表示說話人對(duì)某一行為或事情的看法和態(tài)度。2語氣的種類⑴、陳述語氣:表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)是現(xiàn)實(shí)的、確定的或符合事實(shí)的,用于陳述句、疑問句和某些感嘆句。如:①Therearetwosidestoeveryquestion.每個(gè)問題都有兩個(gè)方面。②Wereyoubusyalldayyesterday?昨天一整天你都很忙嗎?③Howgoodateachersheis!她是多好的一位老師啊?、啤⑵硎拐Z氣:表示說話人對(duì)對(duì)方的請(qǐng)求或命令。如:①Neverbelateagain!再也不要遲到了。②Don’tforgettoturnoffthelight.別忘了關(guān)燈。⑶、虛擬語氣:表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)不是客觀存在的事實(shí),而是說話人的主觀愿望、假設(shè)或推測(cè)等。如:①IfIwereabird,Icouldflyintheair.如果我是一只小鳥,我就能在空中飛行。②IwishIcouldpasstheexamination.我希望我能通過考試。③Mayyousucceed!祝您成功!虛擬語氣在語法里算得上是個(gè)難點(diǎn)。讓我們就從最簡(jiǎn)單的開始吧。第二部分:簡(jiǎn)單句中的虛擬語氣一、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的過去式用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)時(shí),表示說話人的謙虛、客氣、有禮貌、或委婉的語氣,常用于日常會(huì)話中。如:⑴.Wouldyoubekindenoughtoshowmethewaytothepostoffice?告訴我去郵局的路好嗎?⑵.Itwouldbebetterforyounottostayuptoolate.你最好別熬夜到很晚。二、表祝愿。1、常用“may+動(dòng)詞原形”表示祝愿,但愿,此時(shí)may須置于句首(多用于正式文體中)。⑴、Maygoodluckbeyours!祝你好運(yùn)?、啤ayyoubehappy!祝你快樂?、?、Mayyoudoevenbetter!祝你取得更大成就?、?、Mayyouhaveagoodtime.祝愿你玩的痛快。⑸、Maythefriendshipbetweenuslastlong.祝愿我們的友情天長地久。⑹、Mayyoubehappy.(注意那個(gè)be)祝你幸福。2、用動(dòng)詞原形。例如:(1).Longlivethepeople!人民萬歲!(2).“Godblessyou,”saidthepriest.牧師說:“愿上帝保佑你!”(3).Haveagoodjourney!祝愿你旅途愉快!三、表示強(qiáng)烈愿望。(該類型虛擬語氣謂語僅用動(dòng)詞原形,第三人稱單數(shù)也不加“s”)(1).Godsaveme.(2).Heavenhelpus.四、表命令1.命令虛擬語氣只能用在第二人稱(you),而且通常省略主語(也就是you)。2.句子尾通常加上感嘆號(hào):!3.虛擬語氣動(dòng)詞用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)(SimplePresent),如:work,be,go4.否定形式的
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