全國統(tǒng)考2025屆高考英語一輪復習模塊三千變?nèi)f化的動詞第4講動詞的時態(tài)語態(tài)和主謂一致講義教案

PAGE模塊三千變?nèi)f化的動詞第4講動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一樣Ⅰ.語法填空1.(2024·全國Ⅰ卷)Itmeans(mean)wehavethechancetoobtaininformationabouthowthemoonisconstructed(construct).2.(2024·全國Ⅱ卷)Thisiswhydecoratingwithplants,fruitsandflowerscarries(carry)specialsignificance.3.(2024·全國Ⅲ卷)Theartistwassurehewouldbechosen(choose),butwhenhepresentedhismasterpiecetotheemperor’schiefminister,theoldmanlaughed.4.(2024·全國Ⅲ卷)Theysmiledandpointed(point)downtheriver.5.(2024·全國卷Ⅱ)IlovecominghereandseeingmyfamilyandallthefriendsIhavemade(make)overtheyears.6.(2024·江蘇高考)Themusicianalongwithhisbandmembershasgiven(give)tenperformancesinthelastthreemonths.7.(2024·北京高考)Arescueworkerriskedhislifesavingtwotouristswhohadbeentrapped(trap)inthemountainsfortwodays.Ⅰ.語法填空四謹記1.明晰高考考查類型:動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)題,大致可分為以下3種類型:一是題干中供應時間狀語,考生可干脆依據(jù)所給的時間狀語作出答案。二是供應的時間狀語有較強的干擾性和迷惑性,考生不能干脆據(jù)此進行答題。三是題干中不供應任何時間狀語,而是給出一個上下文情景或一個結(jié)構(gòu)較為困難的句子,考生必需細致分析語境,才能作出最佳答案。2.駕馭獨特的時間狀語標記(1)看到always,often,seldom,sometimes,usually等要想到用一般現(xiàn)在時;(2)看到y(tǒng)esterday,lastnight,afewdaysago,theotherday等要想到用一般過去時;(3)看到since,sofar,uptonow,inthelast/pastfewyears等要想到用現(xiàn)在完成時。留意:假如題干中沒有時間標記詞,而是有兩個或兩個以上的謂語動詞,這時我們應當將兩個動詞動作發(fā)生的時間進行比較,依據(jù)動詞發(fā)生的時間先后,確定正確的時態(tài)。3.熟記固定句型中的時態(tài)(1)bedoing...when...,主句常用過去進行時,從句常用一般過去時;(2)Itis/hasbeen+時間段+since...表示“自從……以來已經(jīng)……”,主句用現(xiàn)在完成時或一般現(xiàn)在時,從句用一般過去時;(3)祈使句+and/or+陳述句,陳述句常用一般將來時。4.分清主動被動,辨析語態(tài)看到動詞為及物動詞,后面缺少賓語要想到用被動語態(tài)。Ⅱ.短文改錯1.(2024·全國Ⅱ卷)Actually,IstarttolearnkungfuwhenIwassevenyearsold.(start→started)2.(2024·全國Ⅲ卷)Mydaddon’tlikethesoupandIdon’tenjoyapples.(第一個don’t改為doesn’t)3.(2024·全國卷Ⅱ)AndtheotheristhatIwantedtohelppeopleinneed.(is改為was)4.(2024·全國卷Ⅲ)Thoughitmayappearsimple,itrequiredalotofideasandefforts.(required改為requires)5.(2024·全國卷Ⅱ)StillIunwillingtoplaythegamewiththemsometimes.(在I后加was)6.(2024·全國卷Ⅰ)Duringmylastwinterholiday,Iwenttothecountrysidewithmyfathertovisitmygrandparents.Ifindabigchangethere.(find改為found)Ⅱ.短文改錯三定法1.明晰常見錯誤類型謂語動詞的錯誤是歷年考試的重點和熱點,常見動詞錯誤類型有:①一般現(xiàn)在時與一般過去時錯用;②and前后動詞時態(tài)不一樣;③主謂不一樣;④缺少動詞,特殊是be動詞;⑤第三人稱單數(shù)形式錯用;⑥主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)錯用。2.“六依據(jù)”定時態(tài)、語態(tài)(1)依據(jù)語篇和上下文整體把握時態(tài);(2)依據(jù)時間狀語推斷時態(tài);(3)依據(jù)連詞連接成分的對稱原則辨清時態(tài);(4)依據(jù)主句謂語識別從句時態(tài):在復合句中,主句用一般現(xiàn)在時,從句可依據(jù)須要用各種時態(tài);主句用一般過去時,從句用過去的某種時態(tài);(5)依據(jù)固定句式要求改正時態(tài);(6)依據(jù)主動被動辨析語態(tài)。3.“四看”定謂語單復數(shù)(1)看主語為第一、二人稱還是第三人稱,確定謂語動詞形式;(2)看到主語為動名詞(短語)/todo不定式或從句,要想到謂語應為第三人稱單數(shù)形式;(3)看到“分數(shù)/百分數(shù)+of+名詞”作主語,要想到謂語的數(shù)取決于名詞;(4)看到therebe等結(jié)構(gòu),要想到就近一樣原則。一般時態(tài)1.一般現(xiàn)在時(do/does;is/am/are)(1)表示常常發(fā)生的、習慣性的、反復出現(xiàn)的動作或狀態(tài)。常與表示習慣的副詞(詞組)always,everytime,nowandthen,occasionally,often,seldom,sometimes,usually,everyday/night等連用。(2)按時辰表、時刻表、日程表等支配將要發(fā)生的動作,用一般現(xiàn)在時。只限于go,arrive,leave,start,stay,return,begin,come等動詞。(3)普遍真理。(4)用在時間、條件或讓步狀語從句中,用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來?！鵗heearthgoesroundtheSunonceayear.※Heplaysbasketballeveryday.※(2024·江蘇高考)Ifyoulookatallsidesofthesituation,you’llfindprobablyasolutionthatsuitseveryone.※Thefilmstartsattwoo’clock.2.一般過去時(did;was/were)(1)表示過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作或狀況。(2)表示過去習慣性動作?！军c津】would/usedtodo:表示過去常常做……※Weusedtogothereeveryyear.※Weoftenplayedtogetherwhenwewerechildren.※—Haven’tseenyouforages!Wherehaveyoubeen?—IwenttoNingxiaandstayedthereforoneyear,teachingasavolunteer.【小題快練】單句語法填空①Everyfewyears,thecoalworkershave(have)theirlungsX-rayedtoensuretheirhealth.②Therealreasonwhypriceswere(be),andstillare,toohighiscomplex,andnoshortdiscussioncansatisfactorilyexplainthisproblem.③Playingfootballnotonlymakesusgrowuptallandstrongbutalsogives(give)usasenseoffairplayandteamspirit.④Ithasbeenalongtimesincewemet(meet)inChinalasttime.進行時態(tài)1.現(xiàn)在進行時(am/is/aredoing)(1)表示說話時正在進行或表示現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作,雖然此時此刻該動作不肯定正在進行。(2)表示按支配或支配即將發(fā)生的動作,常用的這類動詞有:go,come,leave,start,arrive,return,work,sleep,stay,have,wear等。(3)表示說話人現(xiàn)在對主語的行為表示贊美或厭惡等(常與always,constantly,continually等副詞連用)?！鵋eislisteningtoatape,buthecan’thearitclearly.※Heisleavingtomorrowtoplayhisfirstmatch.※WearealwaysfindingnewbeautiesinShakespeare’spoetry.2.過去進行時(was/weredoing)(1)表示在過去詳細的時間正在發(fā)生的動作或者表示過去某個時間段內(nèi)始終在發(fā)生的事情。常同表示過去的時間狀語從句以及atthattime,atthatmoment,atthistimeyesterday,atteno’clockyesterday等連用。(2)過去進行時可以表示過去將來的含義。(3)過去進行時和頻度副詞連用可以表示說話者或褒義或貶義的感情色調(diào)?！鵚ewereplayingfootballatthistimeyesterdayafternoon.※(2024·北京高考)Susanhadquitherwell-paidjobandwasworkingasavolunteerintheneighborhoodwhenIvisitedherlastyear.※Shewasalwaysarguingwithhimandfightingwithhim.3.將來進行時(will/shallbedoing)表示將來某一時刻正在進行的動作,或表示要從將來某一時刻起先,并接著下去的動作。常見的標記性的時間狀語有thistimetomorrow,from1:30p.m.to4:30p.m.,thedayaftertomorrow等。如:※Iwillbediscussingthesituationwithcolleaguesthistimetomorrow.【小題快練】單句語法填空①I’llgotothelibraryassoonasIfinishwhatIamdoing(do).②Themanagerwasworriedaboutthepressconferencehisassistantwasgiving(give)inhisplacebut,luckily,everythingwasgoingonsmoothly.③Whatwillyoubedoing(do)thistimetomorrow?

將來時態(tài)1.一般將來時(will/shalldo)(1)“shall/will+動詞原形”表示現(xiàn)在看來以后要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)?！皐ill+動詞原形”還可以表示說話時臨時做出的確定。(2)“begoingto+動詞原形”表示:①現(xiàn)在準備或支配將來要做的事情;②表示依據(jù)某種跡象認為在最近或?qū)硪l(fā)生的事情。(3)“beto+動詞原形”表示:①預先支配好的支配或約定;②表示說話人的意志、意圖、義務、吩咐等;③表示注定要發(fā)生的事情。(4)“beaboutto+動詞原形”表示剛要或即將要做某事,該結(jié)構(gòu)不與表示詳細的將來時間狀語連用?！鵚eshallbepunishedifwebreaktherule.※Mydaughter’sgoingtoworknextyear.※TheyaretoattempttobethefirsttocircletheEarthnon-stopbyballoon.※WillyoukindlyobeytheinstructionsIamabouttogive?2.過去將來時過去將來時表示在過去某個時間看將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài),即過去將來時是“立足過去,著眼將來”的一種時態(tài),常用于賓語從句中?！鵗heysaidtheywouldgivethepolicetheirfullcooperation.【點津】除“should/would+動詞原形”外(第一人稱通常用should,其他人稱通常用would),過去將來時還有以下常見表達方式:was/weregoingtodo,was/wereabouttodo,was/weretodo,但是表示過去的某種習慣性動作時,常用woulddo/usedtodo。※Ihadafeelingyouweregoingtobedifficultaboutthis.※Hewasabouttoofferanexplanation,butshewasbeginningtolaugh.【小題快練】單句語法填空①—Whattimeisit?—Ihavenoidea.Butjustaminute,Iwillcheck(check)itforyou.②Ifitdoesn’traintomorrow,thesportsmeetwillbeheld(hold)intheplaygroundofourschool.③Youpromisedyouwouldkeep(keep)ussafe.

完成時態(tài)1.現(xiàn)在完成時(have/hasdone)(1)表示發(fā)生在過去而對現(xiàn)在仍有影響的動作,常用的時間狀語:already,just,yet,never,before,lately,recently,inthelast(past)fewyears,uptonow,sofar等。(2)表示從過去某時起先而持續(xù)至今的動作或狀態(tài),常與for,since等表示一段時間的狀語連用。(3)在條件、時間、讓步狀語從句中,表示將來某時間前已完成的動作。(4)This/Itisthefirst/second...time+that從句,that從句中謂語要用現(xiàn)在完成時。(5)It(This)isthebest(worst,mostinteresting等)+名詞+定語從句,從句中的謂語用現(xiàn)在完成時。※(2024·北京高考)China’shigh-speedrailwayshavegrownfrom9,000to25,000kilometersinthepastfewyears.※(2024·天津高考)Thenumberofmedicalschoolsreached18intheearly1990sandhasremainedaroundthatlevelsince.※Iwon’tpayyouuntilyouhavefinishedthisjob.※ThisisthefirsttimeIhaveleftmycountryandsetfootonforeignsoil.2.過去完成時(haddone)(1)表示在過去某一時間或某一動作之前完成的動作或存在的狀態(tài),即過去的過去。(2)表示從過去某一時間起先,始終持續(xù)到過去的另一時間的動作,常用的時間狀語:bythen,bythattime,bytheendof,bythetime+句子等。(3)表示“愿望、準備”的動詞(如hope,want,expect,think,mean,suppose,plan,intend)用于過去完成時表示過去本準備實現(xiàn)而未實現(xiàn)的希望或支配。(4)在“hardly(scarcely)...when...”,“nosooner...than...”句型中,主句用過去完成時,從句用一般過去時,意為“一……就……”?！鵅ythattime,Ihadalreadymadethedecisiontoleave.※(2024·天津高考)IhadhopedtosendPeteragifttocongratulatehimonhismarriage,butIcouldn’tmanageit.※Wehadnosoonerhadsupperthanwebegantorepairthemachine.完成進行時現(xiàn)在完成進行時(have/hasbeendoing)(1)表示從過去某時起先始終持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并且還要接著下去的動作?！鵚ehavebeenwaitingforhimfortwohours.(2)表示到目前為止的一段時間里始終反復進行的動作?！?2024·天津高考)—Youareagreatswimmer.—Thanks.It’sbecauseIhavebeenpractisingalotthesedays.【小題快練】單句語法填空①Formanyyears,peoplehavebeendreaming(dream)ofelectriccars.However,makingthemhasbeenmoredifficultthanpredicted.②Bythetimewearrived,everyonehadreceived(receive)medicalcare.③(2024·江蘇高考)InsteadofgettingdowntoanewtaskasIhadexpected(expect),heexaminedthepreviousworkagain.④Thisisthefirsttimemycousinhasadapted(adapt)tohernewjob.

被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成為“be+過去分詞”,只要變換be的形式就可以得到不同時態(tài)的被動語態(tài),除be外被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式還有:get/become+過去分詞。只有及物動詞或相當于及物動詞的短語才有被動語態(tài),不及物動詞或短語無被動語態(tài)。常考的不及物動詞或短語:last,cost,spread,happen(to),takeplace,belongto,breakout,goout,runout,workout。1.被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成(以do為例)時體現(xiàn)在過去將來過去將來一般is/am/aredonewas/weredonewill/shallbedonewould/shouldbedone進行is/am/arebeingdonewas/werebeingdone--完成have/hasbeendonehadbeendonewill/shallhavebeendonewould/shouldhavebeendone2.運用被動語態(tài)時應留意的幾個問題(1)主動變?yōu)楸粍訒r雙賓語的改變?！鵗hereportersaskedthepresidentsomequestions.→Thepresidentwasaskedsomequestionsbythereporters.→Somequestionswereaskedthepresidentbythereporters.(2)主動變?yōu)楸粍訒r,賓語成主語;(作補語的)不定式前需加to(位置不變)?！鵌heardhimsaygood-byetohisfriends.→Hewasheardtosaygood-byetohisfriends.(3)短語動詞變被動語態(tài)時,勿掉“尾巴”。※Thisdictionarymustbetakengoodcareof.(4)情態(tài)動詞,begoingto,beto,besureto等結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時,只需將它們后面的動詞原形變?yōu)椤癰e+過去分詞”?！鵗hisbookmaynotbetakenoutofthereadingroom.(5)get+過去分詞構(gòu)成的表示被動的短語getpaid/lost/hurt等?！鵗heygetpaidtwiceasmuchasIdo,butthejobisexactlythesameasmine.※NomatterhowwellyouknowParis,itiseasytogetlost.3.主動形式表示被動含義(1)表示感受、感官的系動詞如feel,sound,taste,look等,后面跟形容詞、名詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu),常常以主動形式表示被動意義,借指其本身具有的屬性、特征等。(2)當sell,read,draw,wash,write,open,wear,run,burn等不及物動詞后帶狀語(well/easily等)修飾,用來表示主語內(nèi)在的品質(zhì)或性能時用主動形式表示被動含義?！鵗hemusicisn’tpleasanttolistento.※Thiskindofradiodoesn’tsellwell.【小題快練】單句語法填空①Aftergettinglostinastorm,amemberofthenavyteamwasrescued(rescue)fourdayslater.②Entirevillageshavebeenwashed(wash)away.Roadsandbridgeshavebeendestroyedandcropsruined.③Thechurchtowerwhichisbeingrestored(restore)willbeopentotouristssoon.Theworkisalmostfinished.④Mypenwrites(write)smoothly.⑤Inthenearfuture,moreadvancesintherobottechnologywillbemade(make)byscientists.⑥Thisclothfeels(feel)muchsofterthanthatone.主謂一樣1.語法一樣原則主語的單復數(shù)確定了謂語動詞的單復數(shù)。(1)動名詞、動詞不定式、從句、不定代詞作主語時,謂語動詞常用單數(shù)?！鵖ervingthepeopleismygreathappiness.※Whetherwe’llgodependsontheweather.【點津】what引導的從句作主語時,謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式,但假如從句表示復數(shù)意義,則謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式?！鵚hatliesattherootofhistroublesisasenseofinsecurity.※Whattheschoolneedsarequalifiedteachers.(2)主語后有with,togetherwith,alongwith,except,besides,aswellas等單詞或短語時,謂語動詞的數(shù)要與前面的主語保持一樣?！?2024·天津高考)Amy,aswellasherbrothers,wasgivenawarmwelcomewhenreturningtothevillagelastweek.(3)and,both...and...連接兩個不同的主語時,謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式;但是假如由and連接的兩個名詞表示同一個人或物,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式?！鵅othyouandIarestudents.※ThesingeranddancerissaidtoperforminourschoolonMayDay.(4)定語從句中關系代詞作主語時,從句中的謂語動詞要與先行詞保持一樣?！鵋eisoneofthemenwhowerechosentorepresentthegroup.※Heistheonlyoneofthoseboyswhoiswillingtotakeonanotherassignment.2.意義一樣原則意義一樣原則指不管主語的形式是單數(shù)還是復數(shù),主語的意義確定了謂語動詞的單復數(shù)。(1)集體名詞作主語時,若被看作一個整體,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式;若被看作構(gòu)成集體的一個個成員,謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。常見的集體名詞有:family,class,team,group,public,committee,government,audience等?！鵋isaudienceconsistsmainlyofyoungpeople.※Theaudiencewereclappingforovertenminutes.(2)“分數(shù)/百分數(shù)/themajority+of+名詞”作主語時,謂語動詞的單復數(shù)取決于of后名詞的數(shù)以及其表示的意義;all,some,half,most,therest等作主語時,謂語動詞的單復數(shù)取決于主語實際表達的意義?！鵗wo-thirdsofthepeoplepresentareagainsttheplan.※Themajorityofthedamageiseasytorepair.(3)“the+形容詞”表示一類人在句中作主語時,謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。※Theoldaremorelikelytocatchcoldthantheyoung.(4)表示時間、距離、重量、金額等的復數(shù)名詞作主語時,謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)形式?！鵉ourthousanddollarsisquitealotofmoneyforaboy.3.就近一樣原則就近一樣原則指謂語動詞的單復數(shù)形式取決于離它最近的主語的單復數(shù)。(1)由or,either...or...,neither...nor...,notonly...butalso...,not...but...等連接的詞語作主語,謂語動詞的數(shù)常與最近的主語保持一樣?！鵈itheryouorPaulisresponsibleforthisthing.※Notonlyyoubutalsoyoursisterislovely.(2)由there,here引起的主語不止一個時,謂語動詞的數(shù)通常和最鄰近的主語保持一樣?！鵗herearetwentyboy-studentsandtwenty-threegirl-studentsintheclass.※Hereisapen,afewenvelopsandsomepaperforyou.【小題快練】單句語法填空①Threefourthsofthesurfaceoftheearthiscovered(cover)withwater.②Whattheywanttogetare(be)anumberofgoodbooks.③Neithermyparentsnormyeldersisterlikes(like)running.④Myfatheraswellashisworkmateshasbeen(be)toBeijing.

⑤Tendollarsis(be)enoughforthisbook.Ⅰ.語法填空Chinaplanstoreleaseoneortwogiantpandasintothewild.Sofarthespot1.__________(select)ineastChina’sJiangxiprovince.ItwillbethefirsttimetoreleaseagiantpandaintothewildoutsidesouthwestChina’sSichuan2.__________13pandashadbeenreleasedbytheendoflastyear.

AnexpertmeetingwasheldinJiangxi,whereitwasdecidedthatpandaswouldbetransportedfromSichuan.ThentheywillbereleasedintotheJiangxiGuanshanNationalNatureReserve.Thenaturereserve3.__________(have)amildclimateandaquitegoodecosystem,withabundantbamboo4.__________(resource)andlittlehumaninterference,whichisgoodforgiantpandastoreproduce.

Researchersalso5.__________(brief)introducedtheresearchmethodtoexperts.Themethodincludes6.__________giantpandareintroductionprogram.Thereintroductionprogramrefersto7.__________(release)captive-bred(圈養(yǎng)繁殖的)pandastotheirpastdistributionareas.Theywillliveintheseareasafterwildtraining8.__________(rebuild)thewildpopulation.Researcherswillobtain9.__________(value)data.Andthedatashowshowpandasadapttotheenvironmentandclimateaftertheystayatthewildhabitats.

Theprogramhashighresearchvalueforstudyingsomeproblems.Whydidpandasdieoutintheirhistoricaldistributionareas?Howdidclimatechangesinfluencethecurrentpandapopulation?Theprogramwillalsohelpexpandthedistributionrange10.__________giantpandas.Besides,itcanreducetheextinctionrisksoftheirwildpopulation.1.【解析】hasbeenselected?？疾闀r態(tài)和語態(tài)。該句主語thespot是第三人稱單數(shù),和謂語動詞select是被動關系,再依據(jù)時間狀語sofar可知,此處用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài),故填hasbeenselected。2.【解析】where。考查定語從句。先行詞為“China’sSichuanProvince”,在定語從句中作地點狀語,故填where。3.【解析】has?？疾橹髦^一樣。本句主語“reserve”是第三人稱單數(shù),且這里是陳述客觀事實,所以用一般現(xiàn)在時的第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故填has。4.【解析】resources?？疾槊~單復數(shù)。resource是可數(shù)名詞,此處用復數(shù)形式。故填resources。5.【解析】briefly?？疾楦痹~?？蘸鬄椤癷ntroduced”,依據(jù)副詞修飾動詞,應用副詞形式briefly。故填briefly。6.【解析】a?？疾楣谠~。依據(jù)句意“這個探討方法包含一個大熊貓再引進支配”,表示“一個”用不定冠詞,名詞giant以輔音音素開頭,故填a。7.【解析】releasing?？疾榉侵^語動詞。依據(jù)“refertosth.”中“to”為介詞,其后用v.-ing形式作賓語。故填releasing。8.【解析】torebuild?？疾榉侵^語動詞。這里是用動詞不定式表示目的。故填torebuild。9.【解析】valuable。考查形容詞。此處data是名詞,這里應當用形容詞修飾它,故填valuable。10.【解析】of?？疾榻樵~。range意為“范圍,種類”,常與“of”連用。故填of。Ⅱ.短文改錯SeniorThreestudentwillfacethequestionaftertheypassbythecollegeentranceexamination.“ShouldIchooseagoodmajorandagooduniversity?”Somestudentsprefertoconsidermajorsfirstsothattheycanlearnwhichtheyareinterestedin.Itwillalsomakeitpossibleforthemtaketheirfavoritejobsinthefuture.However,thosewhothinkdifferentlybelievesthattheenvironmentisimportanttoone’sdevelopment.Theyalsobelievethatstudentsgraduatedfromleadinguniversitiesareoftenmorelikelytofindgoodjobs.Inmyopinion,abestchoiceistochooseagoodmajoratagooduniversity.Butiftheycan’tobtainboth,thefirstthingtoconsiderwasagoodmajor.Becausenomatterwheretheystudy,wecanstillachievealotinacertainfieldiftheytrytheirbest.答案:1.【解析】第一句student改為students?？疾榭蓴?shù)名詞單復數(shù)。依據(jù)從句aftertheypass...中的they可知,SeniorThreestudent應當是復數(shù)形式。故student改為students。2.【解析