新高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)練習(xí)考向54 閱讀理解之捕捉隱含意義與態(tài)度意圖等的策略(原卷版)

考向54閱讀理解捕捉隱含意義與推理態(tài)度意圖等的策略【策略學(xué)習(xí)】隱含推斷與觀點態(tài)度題隱含推斷題主要考查考生對特定信息、全篇、全段或上下文邏輯關(guān)系，結(jié)合相關(guān)信息的暗示，準(zhǔn)確理解文章寓意或隱含的深層意義的能力。在解答這類題時，可采用“一步推導(dǎo)”法。即推理判斷題的最近答案原則：推的近的要比推的遠的好，直接推出的要比間接推出的好。推理判斷題不是考查我們的想象力，它實際是考查我們原文中的某一個點或幾個點所涉及的問題讀透了沒有。因此做題時不能想得太多，推得過遠，是否把原文讀懂才是關(guān)鍵。此類題目的題干一般包括以下五個動詞：infer(推斷)；conclude(推斷，得出結(jié)論)；indicate(暗示)；imply(暗示)；suggest(暗示)?！镜淅?2020·全國卷Ⅱ閱讀C)Thenthere’sRighteousFuranditsunusualfashions.ModelPaigeMorgansays，“Togivepeopleaguilt－freeoptionthattheycanwearwithoutsomeonethrowingpaintonthem—Ithinkthat’sgoingtobeamassivething，atleasthereinNewYork.”DesignerJenniferAndersonadmitsittookherawhiletocomearoundtotheopinionthatusingnutriafurforhercreationsismorallyacceptable.She’stryingtocomeupwithalabeltoattachtonutriafashionstoshowitiseco－friendly.31.WhatcanweinferaboutwearingfurinNewYorkaccordingtoMorgan?A.It’sformal. B.It’srisky.C.It’sharmful. D.It’straditional.【分析】·第一步通讀題目找出題干關(guān)鍵詞：inferaboutwearingfur·第二步定位到原文，尋找相關(guān)信息：Togivepeopleaguilt－freeoptionthattheycanwearwithoutsomeonethrowingpaintonthem—Ithinkthat’sgoingtobeamassivething，atleasthereinNewYork.·第三步仔細比對選項：Morgan覺得在紐約，給予人們一種沒有負罪感的選擇，他們可以穿海貍鼠皮做的衣服而不被人潑顏料——我認為是一件大事，由此可推斷出穿皮草具有風(fēng)險性。觀點態(tài)度題是高考英語閱讀理解?？嫉囊环N題型，也是考生很容易失分的一種題型。文章作者或文中人物對某事物所持的情感、觀點或態(tài)度往往隱含在文章的字里行間或流露于修飾詞之中。常見的設(shè)問方式有：·Howdoestheauthorfeelabout...?·Whatdoestheauthorthinkof...?·Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowards/to...?·Theauthor’sattitudetowards...canbedescribedas________.▲4關(guān)注1不要(1)關(guān)注首段首尾句，確定文章主題，判斷作者的觀點態(tài)度。(2)關(guān)注but后表示觀點態(tài)度的語句來判斷作者或文中人物的觀點。(3)關(guān)注作者所舉的例子或者所引用的話語，來判斷文章作者或文中人物的態(tài)度傾向。(4)關(guān)注文章語言的褒貶去判斷作者的態(tài)度。(5)不要將個人的好惡態(tài)度糅進題中，要學(xué)會分清作者本人的態(tài)度和作者引用觀點的態(tài)度。▲4類選項常用詞匯肯定positive積極樂觀的；optimistic樂觀的；supportive支持的；hopeful有希望的；promising有前途的；favourable贊許的否定negative否定的，消極的；disapproving不贊成的；critical批評的；unfavourable不贊同的懷疑suspicious可疑的，懷疑的；doubtful可疑的客觀objective客觀的；neutral中立的；skeptical懷疑的【典例】(2020·全國卷Ⅲ閱讀C)“Wefloatedtheideatomymumofsharingahouse，”saysKathrynWhitehead.Ritacutsin：“WespokemorewithNickbecauseIthinkit’sabigthingforNicktolivewithhismother－in－law.”AndwhatdoesNickthink？“Frommystandpoint，itallseemstoworkverywell.WouldIrecommendit？Yes，IthinkIwould.”29.WhatisNick’sattitudetowardssharingthehousewithhismother－in－law?A.Positive. B.Carefree.C.Tolerant. D.Unwilling.【分析】·第一步通讀題目找出題干關(guān)鍵詞：Nick’sattitudetowardssharingthehousewithhismother－in－law·第二步定位到原文，尋找相關(guān)信息：“Frommystandpoint，itallseemstoworkverywell.WouldIrecommendit?Yes，IthinkIwould.”·第三步仔細比對選項：尼克對于與岳母住在一起持積極的態(tài)度。寫作意圖題與文章出處/讀者對象題一般情況下，作者在文中不直接陳述自己的意圖，而是通過文中所列事物使讀者感受到其所傳遞的想法。所以，這種題型要求考生具備對作者闡述的內(nèi)容進行總結(jié)和分析的能力，是閱讀理解題中較高層次的題目，它與文章主題不同，但又關(guān)系密切，所以可以算作主旨大意題的一種變體?！鴱膶懽魇址ㄍ茢鄬懽髂康摹鴱淖掷镄虚g推斷寫作目的在閱讀中，有時作者并未把寫作意圖說出來，需要閱讀者在閱讀、理解整體語篇的基礎(chǔ)上，根據(jù)字面意思，通過全篇邏輯關(guān)系，研究細節(jié)的暗示，推敲作者的寫作意圖?！镜淅?2020·新高考卷Ⅰ閱讀C)Inthemid－1990s，TomBisselltaughtEnglishasavolunteerinUzbekistan.Heleftaftersevenmonths，physicallybrokenandhavinglosthismind.Afewyearslater，stillattractedtothecountry，hereturnedtoUzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAralSea.Hisvisit，however，endedupinvolvingalotmorethanthat.Hencethisbook，ChasingtheSea：LostAmongtheGhostsofEmpireinCentralAsia，whichtalksaboutaroadtripfromTashkenttoKarakalpakstan，wheremillionsofliveshavebeendestroyedbytheslowdryingupofthesea.ItisthestoryofanAmericantravellingtoastrangeland，andofthepeoplehemeetsonhisway：Rustam，histranslator，alovely24－year－oldwhopickeduphiscolorfulEnglishinCalifornia，OlegandNatasha，hishostsinTashkent，andastringofforeignaidworkers.ThisisaquicklookatlifeinUzbekistan，madeoffriendlinessandwarmth，butalsoitsdarkersideofsociety.InSamarkand，MrBisselladmiresthearchitecturalwonders，whileonhiswaytoBukharahegetsatasteofpolicemethodswhensuspectedofdrugdealing.InFerghana，heattendsamountainfuneral(葬禮)followedbyastrangedrinkingparty.AndinKarakalpakstan，heissaddenedbytheduststorms，diseasesandfishingboatsstuckmilesfromthesea.MrBissellskillfullyorganizeshistoricalinsightsandculturalreferences，makinghistaleawell－roundedpictureofUzbekistan，seenfromWesterneyes.HisjudgmentandreferencesaredecidedlyAmerican，aswellashisdelicatestomach.Astheauthorexplains，thisisneitheratravelnorahistorybook，orevenapieceofreportage.Whateveritis，theresultisafineandvividdescriptionofthepurestofCentralAsiantraditions.11.Whatisthepurposeofthistext?A.Tointroduceabook.B.Toexplainaculturalphenomenon.C.Torememberawriter.D.Torecommendatraveldestination.【分析】·第一步審讀題目找出題干關(guān)鍵詞：thepurposeofthistext·第二步從字里行間推斷寫作目的：迅速讀懂原文理清文章脈絡(luò)：文章開頭引出湯姆·比塞爾寫書的背景，從第二段到最后一段分別介紹了這本書的概要、主要內(nèi)容和對這本書的評價?！さ谌阶屑毐葘x項：全文圍繞著這本書展開，目的就是向讀者介紹并推薦這本書。文章出處要從文章結(jié)構(gòu)、語言特色和標(biāo)志信息著手，結(jié)合文章的具體內(nèi)容來斷定。確定讀者對象要從文章內(nèi)容和文章措辭來判斷?！熘?類文體判文章出處▲3步確定讀者對象【典例】(2019·全國卷Ⅰ閱讀C)Asdataandidentitytheftbecomesmoreandmorecommon，themarketisgrowingforbiometric(生物測量)technologies—likefingerprintscans—tokeepothersoutofprivatee－spaces.Atpresent，thesetechnologiesarestillexpensive，though.ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhavecomeupwithalow－costdevice(裝置)thatgetsaroundthisproblem：asmartkeyboard.Thissmartkeyboardpreciselymeasuresthecadence(節(jié)奏)withwhichonetypesandthepressurefingersapplytoeachkey.Thekeyboardcouldofferastronglayerofsecuritybyanalyzingthingsliketheforceofauser’stypingandthetimebetweenkeypresses.Thesepatternsareuniquetoeachperson.Thus，thekeyboardcandeterminepeople’sidentities，andbyextension，whethertheyshouldbegivenaccesstothecomputerit’sconnectedto—regardlessofwhethersomeonegetsthepasswordright.31.Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?A.Adiary. B.Aguidebook.C.Anovel. D.Amagazine.【分析】·第一步確定題干中的關(guān)鍵信息：thistextmostlikelyfrom·第二步定位到原文，尋找相關(guān)信息：根據(jù)本文的話題“智能鍵盤”以及第二段中的“ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhavecomeupwithalow－costdevice...”，尤其是其中的關(guān)鍵詞researchers，low－costdevice等來推斷，這篇文章是一篇科研報道?！さ谌浇Y(jié)合文章的具體內(nèi)容合理推斷得出答案：科研報道最有可能出現(xiàn)在雜志上?！緳z測訓(xùn)練】1It’salmostspring,thetimeofyearwhenthechangeinseasonscouldleadtosomeprettyfascinatingcloudactivityinthesky.NASAandtheGLOBEProgramareinvitingyoutotakepartinacitizensciencecloudobservationchallenge.TheGLOBEProgramisaninternationalscienceandeducationprogramprovidingthepublicwiththeopportunitytoparticipateinthescientificprocess.FromMarch15throughApril15,citizenscientistscanmakeupto10cloudobservationsperdayusingtheGLOBEObserverapporoneoftheotherdataentryoptions(fortrainedGLOBEmembers).ChallengeparticipantswiththemostobservationswillbecongratulatedbyaNASAscientistinavideopostedontheGLOBEProgram’swebsiteandsocialmedia.“TheGLOBEProgramisofferingthischallengetoshowhowimportantitistoNASAtohavecitizenscientistobservationsfromgroundup,”saidMarileColonRobles,leadfortheGLOBECloudsteamatNASA’sLangleyResearchCenterinHampton,Virginia.ResearchersuseandvaluethiscitizenscienceclouddatabecauseithelpsconfirmdatafromEarth-observinginstruments.ScientistsatLangleyworkwithasetofsixinstrumentsknownastheCloudsandtheEarth’sRadiantEnergySystem(CERES).EventhoughCERES’instrumentsuseadvancedtechnology,itisnotalwayseasyforresearcherstopositivelyidentifyalltypesofcloudsintheirimages.Forexample,itcanbedifficulttotellthin,wispycirrusclouds(細小的卷云)fromsnow,sincebotharecoldandbright;itisevenmoresowhencirruscloudsareaboveasurfacewithpatchysnow(片狀雪)orsnowcover.Onesolutionistolookatsatelliteimagesfromaparticularareaandcomparethemtodatasubmittedbycitizenscientistsontheground.“Lookingatwhatanobserverrecordedascloudsandlookingattheirsurfaceobservationsreallyhelpsusbetterunderstandtheimagesthatwerematchedfromthesatellite,”saidColonRobles.Youdon’thavetobeacloud-gazingprofessionaltoparticipate.Forthosewhowanttobepartofthechallengebutdon’thavealotofexperienceidentifyingclouds,ColonRoblesoffersthefollowingadvice:“Justgooutside.Themorecloudsyouobserve,themorecomfortableyou’llbecollectingdata.”1.Whatdoestheauthorintendtodoinparagraph1?A.Providebackgroundinformation.B.Presentanargument.C.Attractreaders’attention.D.Offeradvicetoreaders.2.Whydoresearcherslaunchthecloudobservationchallenge?A.TheGLOBEProgramisbadlyshortofhands.B.ThetechnologyCERESusesisnotadvanced.C.Cirruscloudsaredifficulttoidentifywithsnowcover.D.Scientistscancomparedatafromdifferentinstruments.3.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Citizenobserverscanonlysubmitdatabymeansofanapp.B.Observerswiththemostobservationswillreceiveaspecialhonor.C.Observationsfromthegroundarenotasvaluableassatelliteimages.D.Thedatacollectedbycitizenscientistswillbepostedonsocialmedia.4.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.NASAtoEmployNewMembers.B.CloudActivitiesBringaNewChallenge.C.ScientiststoTeachYoutoObserveClouds.D.CitizensGainExperiencethroughObservation.2Windowsareakeycomponentinabuilding'sdesign,buttheyarealsotheleastenergy-efficientpart.Accordingtoa2009reportbytheUnitedNations,buildingsaccountfor40percentofglobalenergyusage,andwindowsareresponsibleforhalfofthatenergyconsumption.Ifconventionalwindowsareusedtobetterblocksunlightpassingintoabuilding,theyneedexpensivecoatings.Evenso,theycannotadjusttheindoortemperatureeffectively.ScientistsattheNanyangTechnologicalUniversity,Singapore(NTU)havedevelopedasmartliquidwindowpanelthatcanhelp.Bycreatingamixtureofmicro-hydrogel(水凝膠),water,andastabilizer,theyfoundthatitcaneffectivelyreduceenergyconsumptioninavarietyofclimates.Thankstothehydrogel,themixturebecomeshard-to-see-throughwhenexposedtoheat,thusblockingsunlight,and,whencool,itreturnstoitsoriginalclearstate.Thehighheatcapacityofwaterallowsalargeamountofheatenergytobestoredinsteadofgettingtransferredthroughtheglassandintothebuildingduringthehotdaytimewhenofficebuildingsmainlyoperate.Theheatwillthenbegraduallycooledandreleasedatnightwhenthestaffareoffduty.Asaproofofconcept,thescientistsconductedoutdoortestsinhot(Singapore,Guangzhou)andcold(Beijing)environments.TheSingaporetestrevealedthatthesmartliquidwindowhadalowertemperature(50°C)duringthehottesttimeoftheday(noon)comparedtoanormalglasswindow(84°C),TheBeijingtestsshowedthattheroomusingthesmartliquidwindowconsumed11percentlessenergytomaintainthesametemperaturecomparedtotheroomwithanormalglasswindow.Theyalsomeasuredwhenthehighestvalueofstoredheatenergyofthedayoccurred.This"temperaturepeak"inthenormalglasswindowwas2pm,andinthesmartliquidwindowwasshiftedto3pm.Ifthistemperaturepeakshiftleadstoashiftinthetimewhenabuildingneedstodrawonelectricalpowertocoolorwarmthebuilding,itshouldresultinlowerenergychargesforusers.Theresearchteamisseekingwaystocutdownthecostofproducingthesmartwindowandsofar,theyhavefoundseveralindustrypartnerstocommercializeit.5.Whatisthedisadvantageofconventionalwindows?A.Theyareexpensive.B.Theyarenotheatproof.C.Theycontributelesstoenergysaving.D.Theycan'tblocklightintothebuilding.6.Howdoesasmartliquidwindowpanelworktocoolbuildings?A.Bytakinginmuchofheatenergy.B.Byreturningtoitsoriginalclearstate.C.Bygettingmostofsunlighttransferred.D.Byspreadingsunlightindifferentdirections.7.Accordingtoparagraph3,whatisthevalueofthetemperaturepeakshift?A.Itwillmakethewindowslong-lasting.B.Itcouldhelpthebuildingusersreducecosts.C.Itmakesthebuildingsrelyonnoelectricalpower.D.Ithelpsthewindowsmaintainaconstanttemperature.8.Whatcanweexpectofthesmartwindowinthefuture?A.Itwillbeunaffordable.B.Itneedstobefurtherimproved.C.Itwillbewidelyusedinthecity.D.Itwillcomeontothemarketsoon.3AnewresearchaddedbraindegradationsuchasAlzheimer(阿爾茲海默癥）tothegrowinglistofeffectsoffineparticles(微粒）.Astudyof63millionadultsolderthan65intheUnitedStatesshowedthatfrom2000to2016,first-timehospitaladmissionsforAlzheimer'sdisease,andrelateddiseasesroseby13percentwithevery5-microgram(percubicmeterofair)increaseinannualconcentrationsofPM2.5.Suchparticlesareproducedmainlyduringtheburningoffossilfuels,especiallycoalandoil.Theriskremainedhighevenatconcentrationsbelow12microgramspercubicmeter,aleveltheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencycurrentlyconsiderssafe.“Ourstudybuildsonthesmallbutclearevidenceindicatingthatlong-termPM2.5exposuresareassociatedwithanincreasedriskofworseningbrainhealth,evenatPM2.5concentrationswellbelowthecurrentnationalstandards,”saidXiaoWu,adoctoralstudentinHarvard.AntonellaZanobetti,aco-authorofthestudy,saidthenewresearchresultsshowthatcurrentU.S.regulationsareinadequatetoprotecttheagingAmericanpopulation,“highlightingtheneedforstricterstandardsandpoliciesthathelpfurtherreducePM2.5concentrationsandimproveairqualityoverall”。Women,whitepeople,andurbanpopulations,particularlyintheNortheast,wereparticularlyatrisk,theresearchshowed.Theresearchersfiguredthattheincreasedeffectsonurbanpopulationsmightbeduetothe“abundanceofmetal-bearingparticlesintheurbanatmosphere,whichhaveverysmallersizeandcanaccessthebraindirectly”.Theyowetheincreasedrisktowomenandwhitepeopletolongerlife,whichmeanstheprobabilityofdeathfromothercausesbeforedevelopingAlzheimerishigherinmenandnonwhites.9.WhatcanwelearnaboutthenewresearchinParagraph1?A.ItprovedPM2.5wascausedbyfossilfuel.B.Itaimedatimprovingtheelders'brainhealth.C.ItshowedAlzheimerwaslinkedtoairpollution.D.ItfocusedontheeffectofPM2.5onenvironment.10.Whatistheresearchers'attitudetowardsthecurrentU.S.PM2.5nationalstandards?A.Supportive. B.Disapproving. C.Cautious. D.Ambiguous.11.Whydowomenandwhitepeoplehavehigherriskofbrainhealthproblems?A.Theymainlyliveincities.B.Theyareinmuchworsecondition.C.TheyareaffectedbyPM2.5moreeasily.D.Theylivelongerthanmenandnonwhites.12.What'sthepurposeofthetext?A.Topresentfindingsofanewresearch.B.Tocallonustoprotecttheenvironment.C.ToanalyzevariousreasonsforAlzheimer.D.Todrawourattentiontotheelders'health.4Babieswhofrequentlycommunicatewiththeircaregiversusingeyecontactandvocalisations(發(fā)聲)attheageofonearemorelikelytodevelopgreaterlanguagesskillsbythetimetheyreachtwo,accordingtonewresearch.Inthestudy,researcherslookedat11-and12-month-odbabies'vocalisations.gesturesandgazebehaviours,andathowtheircaregiversrespondedtothem.Tomeasureheinteractions,theresearchersvideoedinfants(嬰兒)andcaregiverathome,andaskedthemtoplayasusual.TheytookthoserecordingsbacktotheuniversityThescientiststhenusedstatisticalmodelstofindthatthebestpredictorofvocabularyat24monthswaswheninfantswereseentousevocalsatiomswhilelookingattheircaregiver'sfacewhentheywereaboutayearold.Thebenefitswereevengreaterwhentheseinteractionswerefollowedbyresponsesfromthecaregiver.Thestatisticsshowedthatat19months,childrenhadanaverageofabout100words.Thosewhoexhibitedthebeneficialinteractivebehaviourearlierinlifewereseentohaveanaverageofabout30extrawords."Themessageofthispaperisthatitistheresultofajointeffort;noticingwhatyourchildisattendingtoandtalkingtothemaboutitwillsupporttheirlanguagedevelopment."saidMcGillion,aco-authorofthework."Thejoyofthismessageisthatthatcanhappeninanycontext...acrossanypartofyourday.It'snotsomethingthatrequiresspecialequipmentorevenlotsoftime.Icanhappenwhenyou'redoingthelaundry,forexample—whenyou'retakingoutthesocks,youcantalkaboutsocks...inthepark,inthecar,atmealtimes,atbathtimes.Thisfindingcanbeusedinanycontext,"addedMcGillion."Thisisadevelopmentalsnapshotinthefirstyearoflife,butchildrenareconstantlygrowingandchangingandsoaretheirbehaviours.Itwouldbeinterestingtolookatthesesortsofbehavioursagainaschildrenprogressthroughthesecondyearoflifetoseewhat'shappeningthere,"saidDonnellan,theleadauthoronthestudy.13.Howdidtheresearchersgetthefindings?A.Byinteractingwithbabies.B.Byaskingbabiestovocalize.C.Byanalyzingrelevantrecordings.D.Byreferringtothepreviousstatistics.14.Whatdoesheunderlinedword"it"inParagraph5mean?A.Infants'eyecontact.B.Infants'largervocabulary.C.Theresponsefromcaregivers.D.Thebestpredictorofvocabulary.15.WhatdidMcGilionsayaboutinfants'interactivebehaviour?A.I'seasytoperform.B.It'scomplextounderstand.C.It'sdifficulttocopy.D.It'sinterestingtovideo.16.Whatmightfurtherstudiesbeon?A.Children'sacademicprogress.B.Children'sgrowingenvironment.C.Children'spotentialphysicaldevelopment.D.Children'sbehavioursacrossmoreageranges.5Asahighschoolstudent,Ilearnedthisthehardwaylastyear,whenastudentIdidn'texpecttobestedmeonthemathPSAT.Hesoonadmittedthesecrettohissuccess:theCAScalculator.HemadeclearthattheCASwasabletosolveallofhisSATequations(方程式).Heclaimedallheneededwashisknowledgeofseventh-grademathandthecalculatordidtherest.Fromexperience,Iknowitisn'tthatsimple.Afancycalculatorthatcostsabout＄150isnotthatusefulifyoudon'tunderstandwhatthequestionisasking.Butitdoesfeellikecheating.Asidefrombeingfinanciallyoutofreachofmanystudents，CAScalculatorshavethepotentialtomisrepresentmathabilityandproblem-solvingskills.It'sunfairtoallowsuchanincrediblyhelpfuladvancedcalculatorunlesseverystudenthasaccesstoit.Especiallywhenthetesthasthepotentialtoaffectastudent'seducationalpath.InresponsetoanemailaskingwhethertheCollegeBoard,whichownstheSAT,isawarethattheCASisseenasgreatlyhelpingthosewhouseitandwhetherithasconsideredbanningsuchcalculators,acommunicationsofficersentalinktotheSATcalculatorpolicy,whichspellsoutthepermittedcalculators,CASamongthem.Ifallstudentshadaccesstoabettercalculator,howmanycouldimprovetheirtestscoresenoughtogetintotheirdreamschool?Howmanystudentsgetintobetterschoolsbecauseofthisprivilegehack?Itisn'trightandshouldn'tstand.Thesimplestsolutionwouldbetoleaveoutthemathsectionthatallowscalculatoruseorpermittest-takerstouseonlythemostbasiccalculators,providedbytheCollegeBoard.Theequationforfairnessissimple:Youknowitwhenyouseeit,andthiscalculatorinequity(不公)isn'tit.17.TheexampleofastudentdoingbetterthanthewriterinthemathPSATisusedto________.A.introducethetopicB.comparetheirmathachievementsC.showthewriter'senvyD.blamehischeatingintheexam18.WhydidthewriterfeelitunfairforstudentstouseCAScalculators?A.BecauseeverystudentcannotuseoneinSAT.B.Becausehedidn'tuseoneasearlyasothers.C.Becausehismodelwaslesspowerfulthanothers'.D.BecausetheCollegeBoarddidn'tprovideonetohim.19.What'stheCollegeBoard'sattitudetowardsbanningtheCAScalculators?A.Favorable.B.Disapproving.C.Ambiguous.D.Cautious.20.What'sthebesttitleofthepassage?A.CAScalculators-cheatinginSATB.SolutiontostoppingcheatinginSATC.CallsonbanningthecalculatorsD.Callsonusingbasiccalculators6Frenchchildren15andunderwillnolongerbeallowedtobringsmartdevicestoschool.LawmakersinFrancevotedrecentlytobanallphones,tablets,andotherInternet-connecteddevicesfromschoolgrounds.ThebanwillstartinSeptember,“Thesedays,thechildrendon'tplayatbreaktimeanymore,”Jean-MichelBlanquer,France'seducationminister,said.“Theyarejustallinfrontoftheirsmartphones,andfromaneducationalpointofview,that'saproblem.Somestrictmeasuresmustbetakenimmediately.”A2010lawbadalreadybannedsmartphonesduring"allteachingactivity"inFrance.Butthenewrulessaysmartphonesandtabletsarenotallowedevenduringbreaks.Studentswhobringthesedigitaldevicestoschoolhavetokeepthemintheirbackpacksandturnedoff,Iftheywanttocalltheirparents,schoolswillhelp.However,thenewlawdoesn’tforbidstudentstoturntothemduringextra-curricularactivities.Italsomakesanexceptionfordisabledstudents.AlexisCorbiereisaFrenchpolitician.Hesaidtheefforttomakesuchalawshouldhavebeenputtosomethingelsebecauseteachershavealreadycarriedoutthisrulesofar.“Idon'tknowasingleteacherinthiscountrythatallowstheuseofphonesinclassandinschool,”hetoldFrenchnewschannelBFMTV.HowaboutsmartphonesinAmericanschools?AccordingtoastudybytheNationalCenterforEducationStatistics,about66%ofpublicschoolsbanneddevicesin2019,whichwasdownfrom91%in2009.Whythechange?LizKolb,aprofessorattheUniversityofMichiganSchoolofEducation,saidthatparentsareconcernedaboutsecurityinschools."Intherarecasethatsomethingmayoccur,"shesaid,"thebeliefbysomeparentsisthatacellphonecouldbeausefultoolforsafety."21.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"them"inparagraph1referto?A.Disabledstudents.B.Digitaldevices.C.Backpacks.D.Students'parents.22.HowdoesAlexisCorbierefeelaboutthenewbanonsmartphones?A.It'sunnecessary.B.It'srewarding.C.It'simpossible.D.It'sunexpected.23.WhatcanwesayaboutthesmartphoneuseinAmericanschools?A.It'smadeacomeback.B.It'shelpedparentsalot.C.It'sdonegoodtostudents.D.It'sfollowedtheFrenchban.24.What’sthebesttitleforthetext?A.StudentsMustTurnoffSmartphones.B.DigitalDevicesWon'tBePopular.C.FranceMakestheCallinSchool.D.ParentsValueChildren'sSafety.7BothAfricanelephantsandAsianelephantsfaceseriousthreatstotheirlong-termsurvival,althoughtherisksvarywidelyfromplacetoplace.SeveralmillionAfricanelephantsroamedacrossthecontinentasrecentlyastheearly20thcentury,buttodayonlyabout350,000remain.Asianelephantswerelessabundanttobeginwith,reportedlynumberingabout200,000acenturyago.TherearenowfewerAsianelephantsleftinthewild,maybeclosetoextinctionunlesssomethingcanbedonetosavethem.Themainthreattoelephantsisafamiliaroneforwildlifearoundtheworld:lossanddestructionoftheirhabitats.Manyelephantsalsofaceadditionaldangers,though,includingbothdirectandindirectconflictwithpeople.Ontopofoccupyingandalteringelephanthabitats,peoplealsocommonlyplantfoodcropsthere.Asmorefarmsappearinforestsandplainswhereelephantsareaccustomedtoroaming,theircropsoftenbecomeeasytargetsforhungryelephants.Aherdcandestroyayear’sharvestinonenight,leadingtounderstandablehostilityamongfarmers,manyofwhomarelivingapoorlifeandhavelittleincometomakeuptheloss.Thissometimesleadstocertainkillingsofelephants,interactionsthataredangerousforeveryoneinvolved.TheseclashesleadtohundredsofdeathsacrossAsiaandAfricaeveryyear,bothelephantandhuman.Manypeoplearoundtheworldarecommittedtopreservingtheseancientcreatures.Elephantsareimportantkeystonespeciesshapingandmaintainingtheecosystemsaroundthem.Sincethemainthreattoelephantsishabitatloss,itmakessensetofocusourconservationeffortsonpreservingwhat’sleftoftheirnaturalenvironment.Thefateofelephantsisalsomorebroadlylinkedtothehumancommunitiesaroundthem,sincepeoplewithenoughlegalopportunitiestosupporttheirfamiliesmightbelesslikelytodependonhuntingforincome.Andwherefarmersclashwithelephantsontheedgesoftheirremaininghabitat,conservationistsaretryingavarietyofcreativetechniquestohelpbothcreaturescoexist.Forexample,manysmallfarmerscan’taffordfencesstrongenoughtokeepoutelephants,butsomenowsurroundtheircropswithbeehivefences,whichtakeadvantageofelephants’naturalfearofbees.Asabonus,thebeesalsoprovidefreshlocalhoney.25.Whatcanwelearnaboutthesituationofelephants?A.Asianelephantshavediedout. B.Theyaregoingthroughatoughperiod.C.Africanelephantsarethreatenedbyclimate. D.Theywereabundantintheearly20thcentury.26.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hostility”inParagraph3probablymean?A.Communication. B.Connection. C.Unfriendliness. D.Appreciation.27.What’sthemainideaofthethirdparagraph?A.Thethreatstohumans. B.Thelivinghabitsofelephants.C.Thechallengeselephantsfaceinnature. D.Theconflictbetweenhumansandelephants.28.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Humansstopattackingelephants.B.Elephantsareforbiddentodisturbhumans.C.Humansandelephantscanmakeuseofeachother.D.Humansandelephantsca