新高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)練習(xí)考向22 閱讀理解之主旨大意題(原卷版)

考向22閱讀理解之主旨大意題主旨大意題旨在考查考生通過對原文快速瀏覽正確獲取語篇的大意，并對文章的主題、標(biāo)題、段落、中心思想加以歸納理解以及辨別主要信息和次要信息的能力。要求考生在閱讀短文時，能夠提煉文章的中心情節(jié)，體會作者的主要意圖，充分運用邏輯概括能力，透過字里行間獲取文章最具代表性的觀點、中心論點及作者的情感傾向。在高考閱讀理解中，針對短文主旨常見的命題形式如下：(1)Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?/Whatisthetopicofthetext?(2)Themaintopic/subjectofthepassageis_________.(3)Themainidea/Thegeneralideais/Themainthemeofthispassageis…(4)Thelastparagraphendsthepassagewithanemphasison_________.(5)Whatismainlydiscussedinthetext?(6)Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?(7)What’sthemainpointthewriteristryingtomakeinthelastparagraph?(8)Thepurposeofthispassageis.(9)Whichofthefollowingstatementsisbestsupportedbythetext?(10)Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizedthepassage?(11)Thepassagemainlyfocuseson.從上述命題形式可以看出，此類閱讀測試題主要可概括為兩大類，即怎樣理解段落及文章整體的中心思想和怎樣擬定或選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)臉?biāo)題。主旨大意題的分類

1.從考查對象上劃分，主旨大意題可分為兩種

①篇章主旨：針對全文的主題進(jìn)行提問。主題句出現(xiàn)在首段的居多，其次是末段或為幾段主題的綜

②段落主旨：針對某一段或幾段的主題提問。主題句可能是段落的首句、末句，也可能需要從上下文中尋找或總結(jié)。

2.從考查內(nèi)容上劃分，主旨大意題可分為三種

①主題類(內(nèi)容)，考查文章或段落的主旨大意；

②目的類，考查文章或段落的寫作目的；

③標(biāo)題類，要求考生選出文章的最佳標(biāo)題。

◆設(shè)問特點：

1.考查全文主旨或段落大意。

2.正確選項概況范圍大小恰當(dāng)，主旨判斷準(zhǔn)確。

3.錯誤選項的特點常常是太大、太窄或者偏離主題，主觀臆斷。

4.常以mainidea,bestidea,subject,mainlydiscuss等詞提問。

◆?？紗栴}：

（1）中心思想類

Themainpoint/ideaofthepassageis…

Thepassageismainlyabout…

Thepassagemainlydiscusses…

Thelastbutoneparagraphischieflyconcernedwith…?

Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?

（2）標(biāo)題類

Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?

Thebesttitleforthepassagewouldbe…

（3）目的類

Theauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthepassageisto…

Thepassageismeantto….

Inwritingthispassage,theauthormainlyintendsto…怎樣理解段落及文章整體的主旨大意文章是由段落組成的。段落是發(fā)展一個主題的一群句子，段落圍繞著中心思想展開，而段落的中心思想又是為文章整體的中心思想服務(wù)的。尋找具體段落的中心思想的方法是：通過分析篇章結(jié)構(gòu)，找出每小段的主題句，通過主題句找出文章的主題。找準(zhǔn)文章的主題句是確定文章主旨大意的關(guān)鍵。主題是文章要表達(dá)的中心思想，文章的主題句通常都有一個話題，它是文章的核心。“主題句定位法”是一種行之有效的方法。但是由于文章的不同，表現(xiàn)的手法也各有不同，主題句出現(xiàn)的位置也不是一成不變的。在許多情況下，尤其在閱讀說明文和議論文時，根據(jù)其篇章特點我們可以通過尋找短文的主題句來歸納出文章的主題。主題句在文章中的位置通常有三種情況：開頭、中間、結(jié)尾（含在開頭結(jié)尾同時出現(xiàn)、首尾呼應(yīng)的主題句）。因此，仔細(xì)閱讀這類文章或段落的首尾句是關(guān)鍵。做主旨大意類試題多采用瀏覽法(skimming)，瀏覽時，一般不需逐句細(xì)讀，只選讀文章的首段、尾段，或每段的首句和尾句，重點搜索主題線索和主題信息。文章主題常?？梢酝ㄟ^文章的寫作方法來體現(xiàn)，有以下五種情況：1.中心主題句出現(xiàn)在文首開門見山，提出主題，隨之用細(xì)節(jié)來解釋、支撐或發(fā)展主題句所表達(dá)的主題思想。這是英語中最常見的演繹法寫作方式，即由一般到特殊，先提出觀點，后舉例論證，主題句則出現(xiàn)在段首的寫作方法。新聞報道通常就采用這種寫法。新聞報道的首句通常稱為“新聞導(dǎo)語”，“導(dǎo)語”實際上就是主題句，是對全文內(nèi)容的高度概括。大意題、標(biāo)題一般可在第一句話找到答題依據(jù)?！镜淅纠浚?018·新課標(biāo)卷I）Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,small,tightlyknit(聯(lián)系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcentres,trade,industrialization,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation.Especiallyglbalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanyLanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish.SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages.Oftenspokenbymanypeoplewhilehot.wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200Languages:theAmericasabout1,000.Africa2400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber(中位數(shù))ofspeakersisamere6.000,whichmeansthathalftheworldslanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof,6,800languagesareclosetoextinction(消亡),withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.Pick,atrandom,BusuuinCameroon(eightremainingspeakers),ChiapanecoinMexico(150).LipanApacheintheUnitedStates(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustralia(one,withaquestion-mark):noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.31.Whatistheminideaofthetext?A.Newlanguageswillbecreated.B.PeopleslifestylesarereflectedinlanguagesC.HumandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguagesD.Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.【文章大意】本文是一篇議論文。文章講述了隨著社會的發(fā)展人類語言越來越少及其原因?！敬鸢浮緾【解析】主旨要義題。根據(jù)文章第一段中的主題句Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.可知，語言的產(chǎn)生和消失進(jìn)行了幾千年，但最近時代語言產(chǎn)生的少，消失的太多。故選C。2.主題句出現(xiàn)在文尾在細(xì)節(jié)后，歸納要點、印象、結(jié)論、建議或結(jié)果，以概括主題。這是英語中最常見的歸納法寫作方式，即細(xì)節(jié)表述的句子在前，概括性的句子居后，主題句則常位于末段?！镜淅纠縏hefamousAmericangorilla(大猩猩)expertDianeFosseyhadacompletelynewwaytostudygorillas—shepretendedtobeoneofthem.Shecopiedtheiractionsandwayoflife—eatingplantsandgettingdownonherhandsandkneestowalkthewayagorilladoes.Itwasanewrelationship.DianeFosseywasmurderedinRwandain1985andherstorywasmadeintothepopularfilmGorillasintheMist.ItwasalongwayfromKingKong,whichisaboutagorillaasamonster(afrighteninganimal),andhelpedtoshowanewidea:therealmonsterisman,whilethegorillaistobeadmired.Todaytherearethoughttobearound48,000lowlandgorillasandmaybe400—450mountaingorillasinthewild.FromtheCongoinWestAfrica,toRwandaandUgandafurthereast,theyareendangeredbyhuntingandbythecuttingdownoftheirforesthomes.Sometimeago,IfoundinmyletterboxalittlemagazinefromtheWorldWideFundforNature.Ithadtwophotossidebyside.Onewasofayounggorilla.“Thisisaspeciesofmammal(哺乳類動物),”saidthewordsbelowit.“Itisbeingdestroyedbyman.Wemustsaveitforourowngood.”Theotherphotoshowedahumanbaby.Thewordsalsoread,“Thisisaspeciesofmammal,”butthenwenton:“Itisthemostdestructive(破壞性的)onearth.Wemustretrainitforitsowngood.”56.Thetextmainlytalksabout________.A.DianeFossey B.thegorillasinRwandaC.theprotectionofthegorillas D.thefilmGorillasintheMist【答案】C【解析】文章第一段談到DianeFossey對大猩猩的研究；第二段談到根據(jù)她的事跡所拍攝的影片；第三段談到了大猩猩數(shù)量減少的原因；最后一段談到保護(hù)大猩猩的宣傳的措施。前面三段都是為最后一段做鋪墊的，從最后一段的“Itisbeingdestroyedbyman.Wemustsaveitforourowngood.”可知，最主要的目的還是要人們保護(hù)大猩猩。3.首尾呼應(yīng)的寫作方法為突出主題，作者先提出主題，結(jié)尾時再次點出主題，這種首尾呼應(yīng)的寫作方式也較為多見。通常，前后表述主題的句子不是簡單的重復(fù)，后面的往往有進(jìn)一步的引申或發(fā)展的意味?！镜淅纠縇acrosse(曲棍球)isapopularsportinCanada.TheIndiansinCanadainventedit.Theyusedittotrainforwar.TheyinventedthisgamebeforeColumbusarrivedintheNewWorld.Peopleplaylacrosseoutdoors.Thelacrossefieldissevenmeterslong.Ateachendofthefieldthereisagoal.Thegoalisanet.Therearetenplayersoneachteam.Eachplayerhasastickcalled“cross”.Theplayerhitaballintothenetasmanytimesaspossible.Lacrosseisaveryfastgamebecausetheplayerscancatchandpasstheballatahighspeedwiththeirsticks.Playersoftengetgreatfunitplayinglacrosse.TherearemanylacrosseclubsandlacrosseteamsalloverCanada.EverynightCanadianscanwatchthelacrossegamesonTVorlistentothelacrossegamesovertheradio.AtonetimelacrossewasthenationalsummersportinCanada.TodayitisstillpopularwithCanadians.1.Thepassageismainlyabout________.A.HowtoPlayLacrosseB.LacrosseinCanadaC.TheHistoryofLacrosseD.Lacrosse—APopularGameinCanada【答案】D【解析】作者先后兩次提到“長曲棍球在加拿大很受歡迎”，顯然選項D最符合短文的主題。4.中心主題隱含在全文之中，沒有明確的主題句閱讀這樣的文章，就要求考生根據(jù)文章的細(xì)節(jié)來分析，概括出段落的主題，從而推導(dǎo)出文章的主旨。分析的方法是，先弄清該段落主要講了哪幾個方面的內(nèi)容，這些內(nèi)容在邏輯上有什么聯(lián)系，然后加以歸納形成主題。該類型的試題則迎刃而解。【典例示例】【2019·全國卷II，C】MarianBechtelsitsatWestPalmBeach’sBarLouiecounterbyherself,quietlyreadinghere-bookasshewaitsforhersalad.Whatisshereading?Noneofyourbusiness!LunchisBechtel’s“me”time.AndlikemoreAmericans,she’snotalone.Anewreportfound46percentofmealsareeatenaloneinAmerica.Morethanhalf(53percent)havebreakfastaloneandnearlyhalf(46percent)havelunchbythemselves.Onlyatdinnertimeareweeatingtogetheranymore,74percent,accordingtostatisticsfromthereport.“Iprefertogooutandbeout.Alone,buttogether,youknow?”Bechtelsaid,lookingupfromherbook.Bechtel,whoworksindowntownWestPalmBeach,haslunchwithcoworkerssometimes,butlikemanyofus,toooftenworksthroughlunchatherdesk.Alunchtimeescapeallowshertokeepabossfromtappingherontheshoulder.Shereturnstoworkfeelingenergized.“Today,Ijustwantedsometimetomyself,”shesaid.Justtwoseatsover,AndrewMazoleny,alocalvideographer,isfinishinghislunchatthebar.Helikesthathecansitandcheckhisphoneinpeaceorchatupthebarkeeperwithwhomhe’sonafirst-namebasisifhewantstohavealittleinteraction(交流).“Ireflectonhowmyday’sgoneandthinkabouttherestoftheweek,”hesaid.“It’sachanceforself-reflection.Youreturntoworkrechargedandwithaplan.”Thatfreedomtochooseisonereasonmorepeopleliketoeatalone.Therewasatimewhenpeoplemayhavefeltawkwardaboutaskingforatableforone，butthosedaysareover.Now,wehaveoursmartphonestokeepuscompanyatthetable.“Itdoesn’tfeelasaloneasitmayhavebeforealtheadvancesintechnology,”saidLaurieDemerit,whosecompanyprovidedthestatisticsforthereport.31.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Thetrendofhavingmealsalone.B.Theimportanceofself-reflection.C.Thestressfromworkingovertime.D.Theadvantageofwirelesstechnology.【語篇解讀】本文通過一份調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示，很大比例的人選擇獨自用餐，原因很多，比如逃離工作氛圍，或者反思自己，但是獨自用餐正慢慢成為一種趨勢。31.A【解析】主旨大意題。本文通過一份調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示，很大比例的人選擇獨自用餐，原因很多，比如逃離工作氛圍，或者反思自己，但是獨自用餐正慢慢成為一種趨勢，故選A。5.主題句出現(xiàn)在文章的中間通常前面只提出問題，文中的主題由隨之陳述的細(xì)節(jié)或合乎邏輯的引申在文中導(dǎo)出，而后又作進(jìn)一步的解釋、支撐或發(fā)展?！镜淅纠縏heSaharaFestivalisacelebrationoftheveryrecentpast.Thethree-dayeventisnotfixedtothesamedateseachyear,butgenerallytakesplaceinNovemberorDecember.Itiswellattendedbytourists,butevenbetterattendedbylocals.Duringtheopeningceremonies,aftertheofficialgreetingsfromthegovernmentleaders,peoplewhoattendthefestivalbegintomarchsmartlybeforetheviewingstands,andwhitecamelstransporttheirridersacrossthesands.Horsemenfromdifferentnationsdisplaytheirbeautifulclothesandtheirfinehorsemanship.Onefollowinganother,groupsofmusiciansanddancersfromallovertheSaharataketheirturntoshowofftheirwonderfultraditionalculture.Groupsofmeninblueandyellowplayhornsandbeatdrumsastheydanceindifferentdesigns.Ontheirkneesinthesand,agroupofwomeninlongdarkdressesdancewiththeirhair:theirlong,dark,shinyhairisthrownbackandforthinthewindtotherhythmoftheirdance....67.Thispassagemainlytellsreaders_______.A.whathappensontheopeningdayoftheSaharaFestivalB.howpeoplecelebrateduringthethree-daySaharaFestivalC.whattakesplaceattheclosingceremoniesoftheSaharaFestivalD.howanimalsraceonthefirstandthelastdaysoftheSaharaFestival【答案】A【解析】從文中第二段第一句話“Duringtheopeningceremonies,”可以看出，本文主要是介紹“撒哈拉節(jié)”開幕式上的活動。答案選A。怎樣給閱讀文章整體加注標(biāo)題——高度概括法對文章主旨大意的考察，不僅可以直接以理解段落及文章的主旨大意的形式出現(xiàn)，而且也可以用選擇或擬定文章標(biāo)題的形式出現(xiàn)。因此，選擇文章標(biāo)題，首先可以按照主旨大意的確定方式，先弄清文章的主旨大意，再定標(biāo)題。標(biāo)題位于文章之首，用來高度概括文章內(nèi)容，點明文章主題。它是段落中心思想最精練的表達(dá)形式。標(biāo)題可幫助讀者迅速推測出整篇文章的主要內(nèi)容，抓住文章的中心，把握作者的觀點和意圖。那么如何選擇文章的標(biāo)題呢？首先，要考慮標(biāo)題對文章的概括性或覆蓋面如何。一般要求能覆蓋全文內(nèi)容，體現(xiàn)文章主旨。要避免下列三種情況：①概括不夠（多表現(xiàn)為部分代整體，從而導(dǎo)致范圍太?。?；②過度概括（多表現(xiàn)為脫離本文章內(nèi)容的發(fā)揮）；③以事實、細(xì)節(jié)替代抽象具體的大意。其次，要考慮標(biāo)題的針對性，即標(biāo)題范圍要恰當(dāng)，針對性強。要在閱讀原文的基礎(chǔ)上，仔細(xì)考慮所選標(biāo)題與文章主題是否有密切的關(guān)系。既不能太大，也不能太小，太大則中心就不突出，太小也發(fā)揮不了應(yīng)起的作用；精確度高，不能隨意改變語言的表意程度及色彩。它可以是單詞、短語，也可以是句子。再次要注意標(biāo)題的醒目性，標(biāo)題的選擇要簡潔、突出、新穎，標(biāo)題是文章的點睛之筆，是文章的靈魂和門面。標(biāo)題的好壞往往影響了文章的可讀性，讀者常常從標(biāo)題上決定文章的閱讀取舍。故標(biāo)題一般比較醒目，甚至比較離奇，以此來吸引讀者對文章的興趣。最后要注意，要恰當(dāng)?shù)剡x好標(biāo)題，還需要了解標(biāo)題的基本擬定方法。一般說來，擬定標(biāo)題是以話題為核心，與控制性概念的詞按一定的語法濃縮為概括主題句或中心思想的詞組。比如某一文章的中心句為：CHINAissuedthefirstsetofstampsdepictingthetop128ChinesefamilynamesonThursdayNov.18th2004inBeijing.話題：Stamps控制性概念：CHINAissuedthefirstsetofstampsdepictingthetop128Chinesefamilynames標(biāo)題：Chinaissued1stsetofstampsonfamilynames【典例示例】August8,wasEarthOvershootDay.Calculatedannuallybytheenvironmentaladvocacy(支持，擁護(hù))group,GlobalFootprintNetwork(GFN),itisthedaywhenhumanhasconsumedallthenaturalresources—produce,meat,fish,water,andwood—thatourplanetcanregenerate(再生)inasingleyear.Thismeansthatfortherestof2016,wewillbeusingnaturalresourcesthatareimpossibletoreplace.Forthosethatarealittleconfused,itissimilartospendingyourentireyear’sallowancebyAugustandthenborrowingmoneyfromfriends,knowingfullywellthatyoucannotrepaytheloan.GFNsaysthatthesamethinghappensinthecaseoftheEarth.ThedateofEarthOvershootDayvarieseachyear.Inanideal,fullysustainableworld,weshouldonlyspendwhatwehave.ThismeansthatEarthOvershootDaywouldfallonDecember31,orperhapsevenspillintothefollowingyear,indicatingthatwearesavingsomeresourcesforarainyday.Thatdidhappenin1961,whenweonlyconsumedthree-quartersofwhattheplanetproduced.Unfortunately,thedayhasbeengoinguprapidlysince2014whenitfellonAugust19.In2015,itwasAugust13,andthisyear,theearliestsofar—August8!Theonlywaytosustainthisdemandwouldbetohave1.6earths,whichasweallknow,isnotpossible.Fortunately,expertssaythatthesituationisnotasgrimasitsounds.Manycountriesarealreadytakingstepstoreducecarbonemissions,whichaccountsfor60%ofourecologicalfootprint,byswitchingtosolarorwind-generatedpower.Individualscanalsohelpbyeatinglessmeat,walking,biking,ortakingpublictransportation,aswellasadoptingthethreeR’s:Reduce,Reuse,andRecycle.Ifweallworktogether,wecanhelppushbackEarthOvershootDaytoDecember31,orevenbeyond!27.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.AWarning:EarthOvershootDayB.ACelebration:EarthOvershootDayC.AReminder:Reduce,Reuse,andRecycleD.AnAdvertisement:GlobalFootprintNetwork【文章大意】本文是一篇環(huán)保類說明文。文章介紹了EarthOvershootDay。今年在八月八號我們就已經(jīng)消耗掉今年全年的可再生資源，接著又介紹了EarthOvershootDay的計算方法。通過介紹EarthOvershootDay，作者呼吁人們減少資源浪費?！敬鸢浮緼【解析】今年的EarthOvershootDay是八月八號，即我們今年在八月八號就已經(jīng)消耗掉我們今年全年的可再生資源。本文通過介紹EarthOvershootDay告訴人們要減少資源浪費，所以最佳標(biāo)題應(yīng)是A項?！緳z測訓(xùn)練】1Regardlessofhowfamoustheyare,anddespitethestartreatmenttheyreceive,manycelebritiesmakeitapointtogivebacktocharities.Somehaveevensetuptheirownprivatefoundations.Theirwidelypublicisedvisitstotroubledareasoftheworldhelptoraiseawarenessofissuessuchasfamineandpoverty.AccordingtoJaneCooperofUnicefUK,celebritieshaveauniqueabilitytoreachhugenumbersofpeople,manyofwhommightnototherwisebeengagedincharitablecauses.Shepointedoutthatfamousfaceshadplayedasignificantroleinraisingfundsinrecentyears,andtheirenergieshadproducedtangibleresults,suchasenablingmillionsofchildreninpoorercountriestoattendschool.Butinspiteofthesesuccessesthereisevidencetosuggestthatcelebrityendorsement(代言)maybeoverrated.Inasurveyofmembersofthepublictofindoutifcelebrityinvolvementwouldencouragepeopletodonate,researchersfoundthattheimpactwasnotasgreataspreviouslythought.Whenshownalistofwell-knownorganisationsandfamouspeoplewhorepresentthem,overhalfofrespondentswereunabletomatchthecelebritywiththecause.What’smore,threequartersclaimedthattheydidn’trespondtocelebrityendorsementinanyway.Thesurveyalsoshowedthatafewnamesdidstandoutasbeingassociatedwithparticularcharities.Butthepresenceofacelebrityinacampaign,wasnotasignificantfactorwhenitcametoadecisiontodonatetimeormoney.Instead,themajorityofpeoplecontributebecauseofpersonalconnectionsintheirlivesandfamilieswhichmakeacharityimportanttothem.Inanotherstudyaimedatyoungpeople,mostparticipantscitedacompelling(無法抗拒的)missionastheirmainmotivationtogive.Thesecondmostimportantincentivewasifafriendorpeerrecommendedsupportingaparticularcause.Onlytwopercentofrespondentssaidtheyweremotivatedbycelebrityendorsement.Thisseemstocontradictthegeneralassumptionthatteenagersareparticularlyinfluencedbyfamouspeople.Onepossibleexplanationisthatthereisageneralfatigue(疲倦)withcelebrityculture.Thereisalsoasuspicionthatthestarsaretheonewhobenefitmostwhentheyoffertodocharitywork.Somecriticshaveaccusedthatcelebritiesmightactuallytakeattentionawayfromissuesbyattractingmoreattentionthanthecausestheyrepresent.Sotakingalltheseissuesintoaccount,isittimeforcharitiestorethinktheircampaignstrategiesandlookforalternativewaystoreachnewaudiences?Whicheverpointofviewyoufavour,thereseemstobeopportunitiesformoreresearchintohowcharitycampaignsmightdeveloprelationshipswithcelebritiestomaximisetheirpotential.Thisinturnwillopenupmoreengagement,andbettertargetedcampaigns-whichcanonlybenefitthosewhoreallymatter—thepeopleandanimalsthatareinneedofassistance.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“tangible”inparagraphIprobablymean?A.Definite. B.Complicated. C.Limited. D.Temporary.2.Accordingtothepassage,mostpeoplecontributetocharitiesbecause________.A.theygainbenefitfromthecharitiesB.theyareforcedtofinishanecessarytaskC.theybelieveinthefamouspeopletheylikeD.theyareinspiredbythepeoplearoundthem3.Thethirdparagraphismainlyabout________.A.whatcelebritiesachieveindoingcharitiesB.HowyoungpeoplereacttocelebritycultureC.whyyoungpeoplearehardlyinfluencedbycelebritiesD.whoistoblamefortakingattentionawayfromcharities4.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardscelebritydoingcharities?A.Objective. B.Positive.C.Negative. D.Unclear.2Inpreviousrecessions(經(jīng)濟衰退),billionaireswerehitalongwiththerestofus;ittookalmostthreeyearsforForbes’s400richestpeopletorecoverfromlossescausedin2008’sGreatRecession.Butinthecoronavirusrecessionof2020,mostbillionaireshavegottenricherthaneverbefore.BillionairesincreasedtheirnewbillionsjustasmillionsofotherAmericansranintoterriblefinancialproblems.Morethan20millionpeoplelosttheirjobsatthestartofthepandemic.Foodbanksacrossthecountryarepreparingforanothergreatincreaseindemand.WhyareAmericanbillionairesdoingsowellwhilesomanyotherAmericanssuffer?Peoplemayfindpartofthereasonsfromthefollowingfact.Stocks(股票)areoverwhelminglyownedbythewealthy,andthestockmarkethasrecoveredfromitsearly-pandemicdepthsmuchmorequicklythanotherpartsoftheeconomy.Butsomebillionairesarealsobenefitingfromeconomicandtechnologicaltrendsthatwereacceleratedbythepandemic.AmongthesearetheownersandinvestorsofretailgiantslikeAmazon,Walmart,Target,DollarTreeandDollarGeneral,whichhavereportedhugeprofitsthisyearwhilemanyoftheirsmallercompetitorsweredefeatedcompletelyasthecoronavirusspread.ThentherearecompaniesthathavebetontherapiddigitizationofeverythingEricYuan,thechiefexecutiveofZoom,becameabillionairein2019.Nowheisworthalmost$20billion.DanGilbert,thechairmanofQuickenLoans,wasworthlessthan$7billioninMarch,nowhecommandsmorethan$43billion.Butthereisagreatdealofstratification(層化)evenamongbillionaires—richerbillionairesgotevenricherin2020thanthepooreronesdid.JeffBezos,Amazon’sfunder,wasworthabout$113billionatthestartofthepandemic.Nowheisworth$182billion.Twoyearsago,Bezoswastheonly“centibillionaire”onearth—thetrendyneologism(anewword)forpeoplewhosewealthexceeds(超過)￥100billion.5.Whatdoestheauthormainlytellusinthepassage?A.FoodbanksarenotenoughintheUnitedStates.B.Therichestkeptgettingrichereveninthepandemic.C.Thestockmarketrecoveredbeforethepandemicstarted.D.400richestpeoplerecoveredfromlossesinthepandemic.6.Whatis“partofthereasons”thatisimpliedinParagraph2?A.TheAmericaninequality.B.Therecoveryofstockmarket.C.Theeffectofthepandemic.D.Thefoodshortageacrossthecountry.7.Whatisoneofthechangesduringthepandemic?A.Thedeclineofdigitalgames.B.Moremoneylenttopeoplebybanks.C.Thetrendoftechnologyacceleration.D.Highprofitearnedbysmallercompanies.8.Whydoestheauthorreferto“centibillionaire”asa“neologism”?A.Itisanewtitleinthestockmarketaftertherecession.B.Itisanewwayofsolutiontopovertythroughtheworld.C.Itisanewlyestablishedcompanyduringthepandemic.D.Itisanewtermforpeoplewhosewealthexceeds$100billion.3HaveyoueverheardaboutBlackFridayandCyberMonday?Surely,theyareallaboutfindingthebestdealsonholidaygiftsforyourselfandfamilymembers.AndhaveyouheardaboutGivingTuesday?Hereissomethingaboutit!GivingTuesdayisobservedannuallyontheTuesdayafterThanksgiving,whichencouragespeopletohelpthoseinneedbymakingfinancialdonationsordoinggoodintheirlocalcommunity.The“GlobalDayofGiving”wasstartedin2012byNewYorkCitynonprofit92ndStreetYandtheUnitedNationsFoundation.UnlikeBlackFriday,GivingTuesdayservesamorealtruisticpurpose.Initsfirstyear,themovementbroughtinalmost$10millionforcharities,andthingshaveonlyimprovedsince.In2019,manyGivingTuesdaysocialmediacampaignsworldwidehelpedraiseanamazing$1.9billionfrom27milliondonors!Overthepastfiveyears,manyhighereducationinstitutionshavealsobeenusingtheTuesdayafterThanksgivingtoaskalumnifordonations.In2019,theUniversityofMichigan,whichcallsitBlueday,received5887giftstotalingover$4million,whilePennsylvaniaStateUniversityraised$710000tobenefitover85Universityprograms.Thoughdonatingmoneycertainlyhelps,therearemanyotherwaystosupportthegreatcause,especiallyduringtheCOVID-19pandemic.Youcanvideotutorkidsstrugglingwithonlinelearning,orteamupwithanadulttogetgroceriesormedicationsforanelderlyneighbor.Alternatively,callonyourpeerstohelpyouwithaserviceprojectthataddressesanissueclosetoyourheart,orpickonefromtheseveralideassuggestedontheGivingTuesdaywebsite.Youcanalsodonateyourgently-usedclothesandtoystolocalshelters,ormailahandwrittennotetoagrandparentorafriendyoumissseeing.WhatareyougoingtodotomakeapositivedifferenceinyourcommunityonGivingTuesday?Letusknowbyaddingyourcommentsbelow!9.WhydoestheauthormentionBlackFridayandCyberMondayinParagraph1?A.Tomakeacomparison. B.Toleadtothetopic.C.Toarousereaders’interest. D.Toexpresshisdoubt.10.What’stheaimofGivingTuesday?A.Topromotethedevelopmentofeconomy. B.Toattractpeopletobuymoreholidaygifts.C.Tocallonmoreuniversitiestodonatemoney. D.Toencouragepeopletohelpthoseinneed.11.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“altruistic”inParagraph3mean?A.Selfless. B.General. C.Specific. D.Complex.12.WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout?A.Wherepeoplecanoffertheirkindhelp. B.WhatpeoplecandoonGivingTuesday.C.HowpeoplecanstaysafeduringCOVID-19. D.Whypeopleneedtosupportthegreatcause.4Morgan’sWonderland,locatedinSanAntonio,Texas,isathemeparkmainlyintendedformentallyorphysicallydisabledchildren.TheparkwasbuiltbyGordonHartman,aformerrealestate(房地產(chǎn))developer.Thecreationoftheparkwasinspiredbyhisdaughter,Morgan,whosuffersfromseverecognitivedelayandphysicalchallenges.Theworld’sfirstultra-accessiblefamilyfunpark,Morgan’sWonderlandopenedinthespringof2010.Admissionforguestswithspecialneedsisfree,andfeesforthegeneralpublicaresetatamuchdiscountedpricesothatpeopleofallagesandabilitiescancometogetherandplayinafunandsafeenvironment.Completelywheelchair-accessible,theparkfeatures25acresofattractionsincludingrides,playgrounds,acatch-and-releasefishinglake,andpicnicareasthroughoutthepark.Theridesarecustom-designedtoaccommodatewheelchairriderssothateveryfamilymembercanenjoythefun.TheadaptedridesincludetheOff-RoadAdventure,whereguestscantesttheirdrivingskillsinsportyvehicles.Moreover,eachvisitorisofferedtheoptiontowearaGPSAdventureBand,whichallowsthemtokeeptrackofeachotherwhileinthepark.Thebandalsoenablesthemtotakepartinelectronicactivities.Forexample,whentheridersscanthebandattheOff-RoadAdventure,aphotowillbetakenandsenttotheiremail.InJune2017,Morgan’sWonderlandcelebratedtheopeningofMorgan’sInspirationIsland.ThenewexpansioniscomposedoffivethemedsplashpadsandaRiverBoatAdventureRide.Thewheelchairguestscanbemovedoutoftheirchairsintounique,waterproofchairsandenjoythesplashparkwithoutriskingdamagetotheirpersonalwheelchairs.“Morgantaughtmethatthere’smoretolifeinmanywaysthanwhatIsawbefore,”saidHartman.“TheblessingthatMorganhasbroughtisbeyondanythingthatIevercouldhaveimaginedandcouldexplain.”13.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.ThenewadditiontoMorgan’sWonderland.B.Theestablishmentandfeaturesofaspecialthemepark.C.TheadvancedtechnologicaldevicesinMorgan’sWonderlandD.Theneedsofpeoplewhosufferfromphysicalandmentaldisabilities.14.Whatdoes“ultra-accessible”inthesecondparagraphimply?A.It’seasyforallvisitorstousethefacilities.B.Admissionisfreeforpeopleyoungandold.C.Wheelchairsareprovidedforeveryfeaturedattraction.D.Morgan’sWonderlandissituatedinaconvenientlocation.15.Whatdoestheparkprovidetopreventpersonalwheelchairsfrombeingdamaged?A.SafeBoats. B.Water-resistantcloth. C.GPSbands. D.Specialchairs.16.WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutMorgan’sWonderland?A.Waterproofchairsenablevisitorstowonderalloverthepark.B.Morgan’sInspirationIslandincludes25acresofattractions.C.ThesuccessoftheparkisexactlywhatMorganintendedtoachieve.D.GPSbandsallowvisitorstoenjoytheconvenienceoftheelectronicdevices.5Notlongago,LindaKhanwassittingbyahospitalbedinHouston,feelingillatease.Besideherlayherfatherwhoneededaheartsurgery.Thetwoofthemhadengagedinnothingbutdepressingsmallta