初中英語語法專題六非謂語動(dòng)詞

初中英語語法專題六——非謂語動(dòng)詞本課重點(diǎn)：1.非謂語動(dòng)詞復(fù)習(xí)；2.20XX年全國各地110份中考英語試題解析版匯編之一單項(xiàng)選擇——非謂語動(dòng)詞；3.詞匯積累名言警句：Practisewhatyoupreach.嚴(yán)于律己，寬于待人。非謂語動(dòng)詞復(fù)習(xí)中考非謂語動(dòng)詞語法網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)圖一、非謂語動(dòng)詞的概說在句子中充當(dāng)除謂語以外的句子成分的動(dòng)詞形式叫做非謂語動(dòng)詞。它不受人稱和數(shù)的限制。功能動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)名詞分詞基本形式Todo否定形式：nottodov-ing現(xiàn)在分詞：v-ing過去分詞：v-ed主語動(dòng)詞不定式作主語時(shí)，常用it作形式主語，而將真正的主語放在句末，其結(jié)構(gòu)為：It+be+adj.+(for/ofsb.)+動(dòng)詞不定式,且在kind,good,nice,clever等表示人的品質(zhì)的形容詞后，不用for而用of.E.g.TolearnEnglishwellisuseful.ItisusefultolearnEnglishwell.It’simportantforustoprotecttheenvironment.不定式作主語常表示具體的或一次性的動(dòng)作。E.g.Itisdifficulttoplaythisgame.3.不定式作主語常表示目的或一件未完成的事。E.g.Hehopestobecomeauniversitystudentthisyear.動(dòng)名詞作主語謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。動(dòng)名詞作主語常表示一般或抽象的行為；E.g.Collectingstampsisfun.(一般)動(dòng)名詞作主語常表示一件已知的事或經(jīng)驗(yàn);E.g.Skatingisveryinteresting.(經(jīng)驗(yàn))在Itisnouse(good),notanyuse(good),useless等后一般用動(dòng)名詞。E.g.ItisnogoodlearningEnglishwithoutpractice.賓語1.一般不做介詞賓語，只能做某些動(dòng)詞的賓語，常見的這類詞是表示命令，打算或希望的，如：wouldlike,want,wish,hope,decide,plan,expect,agree,learn,happen等。E.g.wouldyouliketoseeafilmthisevening?2.在find,think后跟不定式做賓語時(shí)，常用it代替，而將真正的賓語放在句末。E.g.IfinditeasytoreadEnglisheveryday.3.常見的一些不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式，whynotdo…,hadbetter(not)do…,wouldratherdo,could/would/willyouplease(notdo)E.g.Iwouldratherstayathome.能做動(dòng)詞/介詞賓語：Ilikeplayingbasketballverymuch.(動(dòng)詞賓語)Stampsareusedforsendingletters.（介詞賓語）說明：表示一般的習(xí)慣或抽象行為或經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作。注意：英語中有一些動(dòng)詞后面常跟動(dòng)名詞做賓語。初中階段常見：finish,enjoy,mind,miss,beworth,practice,havefun,havetrouble/problem(in),spend,feellike,beusedto等。表語多數(shù)情況下，不定式做表語，可轉(zhuǎn)換為做主語。E.g.Myworkistocleantheroomeveryday.=Tocleantheroomismyworkeveryday.同左：E.g.Hishobbyiscollectingstamps.=Collectingstampsishishobby.1.現(xiàn)在分詞作表語，表示主語的性質(zhì)、特征E.g.Thesituationisencouraging.2.過去分詞作表語，表示某種狀態(tài)E.g.Theboyistoofrightenedtomove.定語1.不定式做定語，要放在所修飾的詞后面。它與名詞有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。Haveyougotanythingtosay?2.如果是不及物動(dòng)詞，且與所修飾的詞之間有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，要在不定式后加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。Thereisnothingtoworryabout.3.不定式常和疑問詞what,which,when,where,how連用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)賓語從句。Hedidn’tknowwheretogo.(=whereheshouldgo)只表明它所修飾的詞的用途、所屬關(guān)系等。置于修飾詞之前。Weshouldimproveourteachingmethods.1.現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，其邏輯主語就是它所修飾的詞Doyouknowthegirlstandingunderthetree?2.過去分詞作定語，其邏輯賓語是它所修飾的詞Pleasehandinyourwrittenexercises.補(bǔ)足語1.不定式做賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)與賓語有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。tell,ask,want,allow,get,wouldlike,encourage后常跟動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。MymotherencouragesmetolearnJapanese.2.有些使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞也用不定式做賓補(bǔ)。這時(shí)不定式要省略to。這些動(dòng)詞有：一感(feel)、二聽(hear,listento)、三讓(make,let,have)、四看(see,watch,lookat,notice)、五幫助(help)。但變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，必須加上to。Myfriendsweremadetoworkthewholenightbytheboss.1.現(xiàn)在分詞作補(bǔ)足語，被補(bǔ)足的賓語或主語是它的邏輯主語（即主動(dòng)關(guān)系）Iheardhimsingingintheclassroom.2.過去分詞作補(bǔ)足語，被補(bǔ)足的賓語或主語是它的邏輯賓語（即被動(dòng)關(guān)系）He’llhavehishaircutafterschool.注意：現(xiàn)在分詞和不定式做賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別：常見的動(dòng)詞有see,watch,notice,hear,feel,have等，他們接不帶to的不定式做賓補(bǔ)，表示已經(jīng)完成了的或經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作；現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。Iheardhimsingintheclassroom.(動(dòng)作已結(jié)束)狀語1.做目的狀語只能用不定式IwenttothelibrarytostudyEnglish.2.不定式做結(jié)果狀語，表示發(fā)生在先后的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作，或表示意想不到或事與愿違的結(jié)果前通常加only或never.Hehurriedtothestationonlytofindthatthetrainhadleft.1.通常情況，做伴隨狀語用現(xiàn)在分詞Thestudentswentoutoftheclassroom,talkingandlaughing.2.現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語，表示伴隨著謂語動(dòng)詞的發(fā)生而產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果。Hefired,killingoneofthepassers-by.二、動(dòng)詞后接不定式和動(dòng)名詞的區(qū)別（補(bǔ)充書上知識(shí)）1. liketodosth.表示心理或一次性的具體動(dòng)作likedoingsth.表示習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作（類似的還有l(wèi)ove,hate）2. begin/starttodosthbegin/startdoingsth.1)談及一項(xiàng)長期活動(dòng)或開始一種習(xí)慣時(shí)，使用doing.Howoldwereyouwhenyoufirststartedplayingthepiano?你幾歲時(shí)開始彈鋼琴？2)begin,start用進(jìn)行時(shí)時(shí)，后面動(dòng)詞用不定式todoIwasbeginningtogetangry。我開始生起氣來。3)在begin,start后接know,understand,realize這類動(dòng)詞時(shí)，常用不定式todo。Ibegintounderstandthetruth。4)物作主語時(shí)Itbegantomelt.3.感官動(dòng)詞+doing/todo感官動(dòng)詞see,watch,,notice,lookat,hear,listento,smell,taste,feel+do表示動(dòng)作的完整性，真實(shí)性；+doing表示動(dòng)作的連續(xù)性，進(jìn)行性Isawhimworkinthegardenyesterday.昨天我看見他在花園里干活了。(強(qiáng)調(diào)"我看見了"這個(gè)事實(shí))Isawhimworkinginthegardenyesterday.昨天我見他正在花園里干活。（強(qiáng)調(diào)"我見他正干活"這個(gè)動(dòng)作）典型例題1）Theyknewherverywell.Theyhadseenher___upfromchildhood.A.growB.grewC.wasgrowingD.togrow因題意為，他們看著她長大，因此強(qiáng)調(diào)的是成長的過程，而非正在長的動(dòng)作，因此用seesbdosth的句型。2）Themissingboywaslastseen___neartheriver.A.playingB.tobeplayingC.playD.toplay本題強(qiáng)調(diào)其動(dòng)作，正在河邊玩，應(yīng)此用seesb.doingsth句型間接賓語指用作賓語的是人，直接賓語則指物，兩者都作為某個(gè)動(dòng)詞的賓語，因此位置可以互換。如：givemethebook間接賓語為“me”,直接賓語為“thebook”，都用作“give”的賓語，也可說givethebooktometeachhimalesson間接“him”，直接“alesson”，用作“teach”的賓語,也可說teachalessontohim賓語補(bǔ)足語就是跟在賓語后面起補(bǔ)充說明的成分，但不用作賓語，位置不能抽換。還是用回剛才的例子：givemethebooktoreturnittothelibrary補(bǔ)充說明的部分是哪些呢？對了，就是“toreturnittothelibrary”：“把書給我，我要拿去還給圖書館?！薄拔乙萌ミ€給圖書館”就是補(bǔ)充說明為什么要“把書給我”的理由。teachhimalessontoshuthimup中的“toshuthimup”也是補(bǔ)足成分：好好教訓(xùn)他一頓，讓他住嘴。20XX年全國各地110份中考英語試題解析版匯編之一單項(xiàng)選擇——非謂語動(dòng)詞39.【2011·福州中考】—Don’tforget_____yourhistoryandpoliticsbookstomorrowmorning.—Thanks.Iwon’t.A.bring B.tobring C.bringing42.【2011·福州中考】—WealllikeMissWang.—Iagreewithyou.ShealwaysmakesherEnglishclasses______.A.interested B.interest C.interesting【2011浙江杭州】24.Nick,wouldyoumind______thoseoldjeans?Theylookterrible.A.nottowear B.notwear C.wearingnot D.notwearing【2011山東濰坊】29.Thenewtreatments______byNormanBethunehelpedanumberofsoldiers.A.inventB.inventsC,inventingD.invented【2011邵陽】28.Ispentalotoftime______Englishlastweekend.A.topracticespeakingB.practicingtospeakC.practicingspeaking【2011廣安市】31.－Whatdoyouusuallydoatweekends?－Ioftenpractice____English.A.speakB.tospeakC.speaking【2011?蘭州】23.OneofthedifficultieswehaveEnglishishowtoremembernewwordsandexpressions.A.tolearnB.inlearningC.learnD.learned【2011?蘭州】27.Wecan'tworkoutthephysicsproblem.Canyoutellus?A.howtodoB.whattodoitC.howtodoitD.whatshouldtodo【2011山東臨沂】27.Ifpricesrisetoohigh,thegovernmenthastodosomething_________it.A.stopB.stoppedC.stoppingD.tostop【2011山東泰安】33.—Ifeeltiredandsleepy.—Whynotstop______forawhile?A.rest B.torest C.resting D.rested【2011山東威海】34.Whattimedoyouexpecther________?A.arriveB.isarrivingC.arrivingD.toarrive【2011山東威?！?7.Thismathproblemistoodifficult.Canyoushowme________,George?A.whattoworkoutB.toworkitoutC.howtoworkitoutD.howtoworkoutit【2011四川內(nèi)江】37.Teachersoftentellus_____intheriverafterschool.A.don'tswimB.notswimC.nottoswim【2011山西】23.Driversshouldn’tbeallowed_____afterdrinking,ortheywillbreakthelaw.A.driveB.drivingC.todrive【2011貴州貴陽】43.Manystudentssaidthattheywerewillingtoworkhardtomaketheirdreams_______true.A.comeB.cameC.comes(2011湖南岳陽中考)22.WouldyoumindmehowEnglishwords?A.tell;torememberB.telling;rememberC.telling;toremember【2011雅安】13.Pleasetellthestudents________toomuchnoiseinclass.A.tomakeB.totakeC.nottotakeD.nottomake(2011大慶)9.Thethiefwasnoticed_____theofficebuildingbythebackdooronthescreen.A.enter B.enterintoC.toenter D.toenterinto【2011本溪】11.Themountain______withsnowallyearround,soit’shardtoclimbit.A.covered B.wascovered C.iscovered D.covers【2011?寧夏】()34.Look!Wecan'tcrossthebridge.It_____bysomeworkers.A.repairsB.isrepairedC.isbeingrepairedD.isrepairing()30.【2011涼山】—Ithinkteenagersshould___togettheirearspierced.—Iagreewithyou.A.areallowedB.notbeallowedC.notallowed【2011廣西崇左】39Mom!Wouldyoumindme_____tabletennis?A.playB.playedC.toplayD.playing【2011廣西貴港】37.WewenttothebeachlastSunday,andwehadgreatfun_____volleyball.A.playB.playingC.playedD.toplay【2011廣西賀州】43.Parentsoftenaskus_____waterinourlife.A.save B.savin C.tosave D.saves【2011郴州】28.Theoldmenareplayingchess.Wouldyoumind________________.A.turningdown B.turndownC.turnsdown【2011郴州】29.—WhatcouldIgetmyfatherforFather'sDay? —___________gettinghimatie?A.WhynotB.HowaboutC.Whydon'tyou【2011河源】41.Remember________thebooktothelibrarywhenyoufinish_______it.A.toreturn;toreadB.returning;readingC.toreturn;readingC.returning;toread【2011泰州】8.Atpresent,manypeoplewouldrather_________inthecountrybecausethereis_____pollutioninthecity.A.live,moreB.tolive,lessC.live,lessD.tolive,more【2011重慶江津】( )32.Teachersalwaystellmecomputergamestoomuch. A.nottoplay B.toplay C.notplay D.plays【2011重慶江津】( )39.Sheusedtointhemorning,butnowsheisusedtoatnight. A.read,read B.read,reading C.reading,read D.reading,reading【2011山東煙臺(tái)】35.WhenIwaswalkingpastthewindow,InoticedWangFei________myhomework.Ireallygot_______.A.copying,annoyedB.copying,annoyingC.copy,annoyedD.copied,annoyed【江西省2011】38.Howkindyouare!Youalwaysdowhatyoucan_________me.helpB.helpingC.tohelpD.helps14.【2011?揚(yáng)州】Wecanmakeafire______theroomwarmsothatwecanchatforawhile. A.tokeep B.keeping C.keep D.kept【2011湖南懷化】29.—Don’tforget______yourhomework.John.—Ok.I'lldoitrightnow.A.doingB.do C.todo26.【2011?株洲】Tonywants_______ajobasalanguageteacherinChina.A.tofindB.findingC.find【2011?廣州】()5.MayIhavearest?Ihavealreadyfinished______thereport.A.writeB.writingC.towriteD.written【2011湖北黃岡】40.—__avolunteerisgreat.—Ithinkso.Someofuswant___volunteersfortheLondonOlympics.A.Being;beingB.Tobe;beingC.Being;tobeD.Tobe;tobe【2011江蘇淮安】15.IspendmuchmoretimeplayingbasketballthanI_______formylessons.A.spendtoprepareB.dopreparingC.dotoprepareD.spendprepare(2011

湖南衡陽)24.—Pleasetelltheboysanynoise.Mybabyissleeping.—OK.I’lldoitatonce.A.notmakeB.tomakeC.nottomake【2011山東】28. Ifyouseethecartoonfilm,itwillmakeyou______.A.laugh B.tolaugh C.laughing D.laughed【2011新疆阜康】36.Weshouldbemorecarefulmuchtimeoncomputergames.A.nottospend B.tonotspend C.nottocost D.nottaketo【2011四川綿陽】18.ourEnglishteacherencouragesuspartinallkindsofafter-classactivities.A.totakeB.takeC.takingD.totaking【2011?四川成都】44.Whilewewererunningontheplayground,Jacksuddenlystoppedandlayontheground,soweallstoppedwhatwaswrongwithhim.A.torun;toseeB.running;seeingC.running;tosee【2011安徽蕪湖】39.—Ioftenhavehamburgersforlunch.—You’dbetter.It’sbadforyou______toomuchjunkfood. A.eat B.toeat C.eating D.ate【2011?鹽城】7.IsawLiMingneartheriveronmywayhome.A.playsB.playingC.toplayD.played【2011?鹽城】11.Planyourtimecarefullyandmakesureyouhavesometimewhatyoulikeeveryday.A.doB.todoC.doingD.done【2011江蘇徐州】15.Whatbadweatheritwas!Wedecided_______.A.togoout B.nottogoout C.tonotgoout D.notgoingout【2011江蘇徐州】15.Whatbadweatheritwas!Wedecided_______.A.togoout B.nottogoout C.tonotgoout D.notgoingout【2011桂林】40.MrWangdoeswhathecan________usimproveourEnglish.A.help B.tohelp C.helping D.helped【河北省2011】32.WheneveryouhaveachanceEnglish,youshouldtakeit.speakB.tospeakC.spokeD.speaks【2011?河南省】31.—Whyareyousoexcited?—Peterinvitedme____onatriptoYuntaiMountain.togoB.goC.goingD.went【2011黑龍江綏化市】()28.ThebookiswellworthIplan______one.read,tobuyB.reading,buyingC.reading,tobuyThemovie"Mr.Bean"madeus_____alotlastnight.AlaughB.laughedC.tolaugh【2011四川達(dá)州】29.Whenpeoplewanttorelaxthemselves,theypreferTVorlistentomusicratherthannewspapers.A.watching;readB.watching;toreadC.towatch;readD.towatch;reading【2011?四川廣元】17.Sinceyouaretired,you’dbetter＿＿＿andhaveagoodrest.A.stoptostudyB.stopstudyC.stopstudying【2011?四川南充】25.Classisbeginning.Pleasestop_.A.talkingB.totalkC.talk【2011四川宜賓】32.Itisveryimportantforus________Englishwell.A.learnB.learningC.tolearnD.learned（2011四川資陽）25.Boysandgirls,attention,please.Nowletmetellyou____totheBirdIsland.A.howtogetB.whattogetC.whomtogetD.wheretoget【2011天津】38.Tom’smothertoldhim_____eatingtoomuchmeat.A.stoppingB.tostopC.stopsD.stopped【2011廣東深圳】9.—Thedoctortoldme____toomuchbutIfinditdifficult.—Thedoctorisright.Thelessyoudrink,______youwillbe.A.don'tdrink;thehealthierB.nottodrink;thehealthierC.nottodrink;themorehealthierD.don'tdrink;healthier【2011貴州貴陽】32.Itisourduty_________ourhometowncleanandbeautiful.Wemustdosomethingforit.A.tokeepB.keepsC.keeping【2011貴州貴陽】36."Foryourcomingvacation,why_________corningtoGuiyang?""Goodidea!"A.notconsiderB.don'tconsiderC.toconsider【2011廣西貴港】43.Wastepaper_______everywhere.It’sourdutytokeeptheschoolclean.A.throwsB.arethrownC.shouldn’tbethrownD.shouldbethrown【2011哈爾濱】23.Taketimelorelaxbylisteningtomusic,readingabookorjustspendingsometimealone.

Relaxingallowsyoutoyourstudentswithmoreenergy.

A.returnB.toreturnC.returning【2011烏魯木齊】25.WaterParkisagoodplace_.A.tohavefunB.havefunC.havingfunD.tohaveafun33.【2011?廣西柳州】Mymotheraskedme_____theroom.A.cleanB.cleansC.toclean【2011雅安】19.Kittywouldrather______totheparkthanwatchTV.A.togoB.goC.goingD.goes【2011梧州】41.Bruceoftenasksme______himtoplaytheguitar.A.teachB.toteachC.taughtD.teaches39.Theenvironmentinourtownisgettingworseandworse,somanytrees____.A.areplantingB.shouldbeplantedC.shouldplantD.willplant【2011郴州】27.ThesongBabySister________byZengYike.A.iswritten B.writesC.wrote【2011河源】34