鄭州市高中英語(yǔ)必修一Unit4NaturalDisasters知識(shí)集錦

單選題1、As

is

often

suggested,

we

should

try

to

deal

with

everything

in

a

peaceful

way

rather

than

by

means

of

______.A．forceB．strengthC．powerD．energy答案：A考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：正如人們經(jīng)常建議的那樣，我們應(yīng)該嘗試用和平的方式而不是用武力來(lái)解決一切問(wèn)題。A.

force武力；B.

strength力量，優(yōu)勢(shì)；C.

power權(quán)力；D.

energy精力。根據(jù)“

in

a

peaceful

way”和“rather

than”可知，此處表示用和平的方式而不是用武力來(lái)解決一切問(wèn)題。故選A。2、It’s

such

a

difficult

problem

_______

nobody

can

work

out.A．a(chǎn)sB．thatC．whichD．so

that答案：A考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：這是一個(gè)沒(méi)人可以算出來(lái)的困難問(wèn)題。分析句子可知，此處是定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系詞，先行詞為problem，被such修飾，且在從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞as，故選A項(xiàng)。小提示：本題考查定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞。確定定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞一般分為三步：找出先行詞；分析先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)什么成分；考慮特殊情況。以本題為例：1

.找出先行詞：problem2

.分析先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞郑合刃性~problem在從句_______

nobody

can

work

out.中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞3

.考慮特殊情況：先行詞被such修飾，關(guān)系代詞只能用as故選A項(xiàng)。3、—Tomorrow

is

Teachers’

Day.

What

is

your

surprise

for

our

English

teacher?—The

first

thing

________

I

will

do

is

to

make

an

English

card

for

her.A．whoB．whichC．whoseD．that答案：D考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：——明天是教師節(jié)。你給我們的英語(yǔ)老師什么驚喜？——我要做的第一件事是給她做一張英語(yǔ)卡。該空引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是thing，被序數(shù)詞first修飾，指物，關(guān)系詞在從句中作賓語(yǔ)，只用關(guān)系代詞that。故選D項(xiàng)。4、The

boy

is

always

found______in

reading

books.A．to

buryB．buryingC．buriedD．buries答案：C考查過(guò)去分詞作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。句意：男孩總是被發(fā)現(xiàn)埋頭讀書(shū)。be

buried

in是“埋頭于”，find

sb

done“發(fā)現(xiàn)某人被”的被動(dòng)是：sb

be

found

done，過(guò)去分詞作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。故選C。5、He

bought

a

new

building

_____top

is

different

from

those

of

the

others

around.A．whatB．whichC．thatD．whose答案：D考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：他買(mǎi)了一幢新樓，它的頂部和周?chē)渌牟煌?。句中包含定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是building，_____top

is

different

from

those

of

the

others

around是定語(yǔ)從句，關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作top的定語(yǔ)，指樓的頂部，用關(guān)系代詞whose引導(dǎo)。故選D。6、The

nurse

will

be

______

when

needed,

so

it’s

unnecessary

to

worry

about

the

patient.A．in

the

open

airB．on

handC．in

shockD．now

and

then答案：B考查固定短語(yǔ)詞義辨析。句意：需要時(shí)護(hù)士會(huì)在旁邊，所以不必?fù)?dān)心病人。A.

in

the

open

air在戶外；B.

on

hand在場(chǎng)，在旁邊；C.

in

shock處于震驚之中；D.

now

and

then時(shí)而，有時(shí)。根據(jù)句意可知，不必?fù)?dān)心病人，因?yàn)槿绻∪擞行枰?，護(hù)士會(huì)在旁邊，“on

hand”意為“在跟前，在旁邊”，符合句意。故選B項(xiàng)。7、The

house,

___________I

bought

last

year,

needs

to

be

repaired.A．whichB．whereC．thatD．when答案：A考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。句意：我去年買(mǎi)的房子需要修理。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，非限制性定語(yǔ)從句當(dāng)中缺少賓語(yǔ)，先行詞是the

house，所以應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which來(lái)引導(dǎo)。故選A。8、I

wish

to

thank

Mrs.

Smith,

without

______help

I

would

never

make

so

much

progress.A．whoB．whoseC．whomD．which答案：B考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：我要感謝史密斯太太，沒(méi)有她的幫助，我決不會(huì)取得這么大的進(jìn)步。此處為“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞

Mrs.

Smith，在從句中作定語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用whose，故選B。9、Stores

sell

pet

pants

and

bikinis,

and

doctors

will

perform

cosmetic

surgery

________your

pet

needs

a

facelift.A．in

caseB．even

thoughC．a(chǎn)s

ifD．ever

since答案：A考查狀語(yǔ)從句。句意：商店出售寵物褲和比基尼，如果你的寵物需要整容，醫(yī)生會(huì)給它做整容手術(shù)。A.

in

case假如，如果；B.

even

though雖然，即使；C.

as

if猶如，好似；D.

ever

since從那時(shí)起。根據(jù)句意，“your

pet

needs

a

facelift”是“doctors

will

perform

cosmetic

surgery”的條件，應(yīng)用in

case引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。故選A項(xiàng)。10、With

much

heat

__________

from

the

sun,

the

panels

__________

it

into

energy

__________the

building.A．capturing;

dominate;

poweredB．capturing;

convert;

poweredC．captured;

dominate;

poweringD．captured;

convert;

powering答案：D考查過(guò)去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞和固定搭配。句意：利用從太陽(yáng)捕獲的大量熱量，電池板將其轉(zhuǎn)化為能源，為建筑提供動(dòng)力。分析句子可知，第一空作賓補(bǔ)，表示與賓語(yǔ)heat之間的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)填其過(guò)去分詞形式captured；第二空填謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，句子描述的是客觀事實(shí)，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，o...為固定搭配，表示“將轉(zhuǎn)換為”，符合語(yǔ)境，dominate“統(tǒng)治，支配”，不合語(yǔ)境；第三空填現(xiàn)在分詞powering作后置定語(yǔ)，表示“提供動(dòng)力”，修飾名詞energy，表示與其邏輯主語(yǔ)energy之間的主動(dòng)關(guān)系。故選D項(xiàng)。11、This

is

the

first

birthday

gift

________

I

received.

I’ve

kept

it

many

years.A．whichB．thatC．whoD．what答案：B考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：這是我收到的第一份生日禮物。我已經(jīng)保存了很多年了。空處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，在定語(yǔ)從句中缺少賓語(yǔ)，且先行詞gift被序數(shù)詞first修飾，所以應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞that。故選B。12、I

can

never

understand

the

reason

_______

he

explained

to

me.A．whyB．thatC．whenD．where答案：B考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：我不明白他向我解釋的原因。分析句子可知，此處是定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系詞，先行詞reason在從句中充當(dāng)explain的賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which/that，故選B項(xiàng)。小提示：本題考查定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞。確定定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞一般分為三步：找出先行詞；分析先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)什么成分；考慮特殊情況。以本題為例：1

.找出先行詞：reason2

.分析先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞郑合刃性~reason在從句_______

he

explained

to

me中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which/that3

.考慮特殊情況：無(wú)故選B項(xiàng)。13、The

man

________

coat

is

black

is

waiting

at

the

gate.A．who’sB．whoseC．thatD．of

which答案：B考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：穿黑色外套的那個(gè)人正在門(mén)口等著。分析句子可知，空處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是man，關(guān)系詞在從句中作定語(yǔ)，和coat是所屬關(guān)系，應(yīng)用whose引導(dǎo)。故選B項(xiàng)。14、Even

Amundsen

was

moved

by

Scott's

death

saying

"Captain

Scott

left

a

record,

for

honesty,

sincerity,

for

bravery,

for

everything

_______makes

a

man".A．thatB．whichC．whoD．不填答案：A考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：就連阿蒙森也被斯科特的死感動(dòng)了，他說(shuō):“斯科特上尉留下了一份記錄，記錄了他的誠(chéng)實(shí)、真誠(chéng)、勇敢，造就了一個(gè)人的一切。分析句子，定語(yǔ)從句部分缺主語(yǔ)，引導(dǎo)詞用關(guān)系代詞且不可省略。故可排除D項(xiàng)。再根據(jù)先行詞指物可排除C項(xiàng)。本題定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞為復(fù)合不定代詞everything故引導(dǎo)詞只能為that不用which。綜合分析,故選A

項(xiàng)。15、We

should

do

all

________

is

useful

to

people.A．whoB．thatC．itD．which答案：B考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：我們應(yīng)該做一切對(duì)人們有幫助的事。A.

who誰(shuí)；B.

that那個(gè)，引導(dǎo)從句；C.

it它；D.

which哪個(gè)。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此句是定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是all，排除D。引導(dǎo)詞用that，在從句中作主語(yǔ)。故選B。16、We

sell

a

lot

of

products

abroad

and

the

opportunity

to

open-up

markets

in

regions

________

we

don’t

currently

sell

a

lot

to

is

a

great

one.A．whereB．thatC．whatD．when答案：B考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：我們?cè)诤Ｍ怃N(xiāo)售了很多產(chǎn)品，在目前銷(xiāo)量不大的地區(qū)打開(kāi)市場(chǎng)的機(jī)會(huì)非常大。空處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞regions，指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)，需用關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)。故選B。17、Understanding

the

cultural

habits

of

another

nation,

especially

________

containing

as

many

different

cultures

as

the

United

States

is

a

difficult

thing.

A．whichB．oneC．thatD．it答案：B考查不定代詞。句意：要了解一個(gè)國(guó)家的文化習(xí)慣，尤其是像美國(guó)這樣一個(gè)集成了多種文化國(guó)家的文化，是很困難的。A.

which指代物；B.

one一個(gè)；C.

that指代人或物；D.

it它。通過(guò)句子結(jié)構(gòu)判斷，整句話中只有一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞is，所以不能使用從句的引導(dǎo)詞，排除A和C，同時(shí)it指代的是同類(lèi)同物，表示特指，不符合題意。整個(gè)句子的主語(yǔ)是Understanding

the

cultural

habits

of

another

nation，one作為同位語(yǔ)，泛指前文提到的一個(gè)國(guó)家的文化習(xí)慣。后面的containing

as

many

different

cultures

as

the

United

States是對(duì)one進(jìn)行修飾，使用的是現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語(yǔ)。故選B。18、The

experience

in

Paris

gave

the

young

musician

a

unique________

into

the

influence

of

music

on

children,

so

he

founded

a

school

to

teach

children

to

play

the

piano.A．privilegeB．libertyC．insightD．emergency答案：C考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在巴黎的經(jīng)歷讓這位年輕的音樂(lè)家對(duì)音樂(lè)對(duì)兒童的影響有了獨(dú)特的見(jiàn)解，所以他創(chuàng)辦了一所學(xué)校教孩子們彈鋼琴。A.

privilege特權(quán)；B.

liberty自由；C.

insight洞察力，見(jiàn)解；D.

emergency緊急情況。根據(jù)“the

influence

of

music

on

children”可知，此處表示這位年輕的音樂(lè)家對(duì)音樂(lè)對(duì)兒童的影響有了獨(dú)特的見(jiàn)解。故選C。19、I

will

never

forget

the

days

________

we

spent

together.A．whenB．whichC．whereD．why答案：B考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我們一起度過(guò)的日子。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處需用關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是days，指時(shí)間，關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作動(dòng)詞spent的賓語(yǔ)，所以空處需用關(guān)系代詞which/that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。故選B。20、Try

to

avoid

such

things

________will

do

you

harm,

unless

you

don't

care

about

the

rumors

from

all

directions.A．thatB．a(chǎn)sC．whichD．a(chǎn)s

that答案：B考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：除非你不在乎四面八方的謠言，否則盡量避免那些對(duì)你有害的事情。在定語(yǔ)從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，且先行詞things被such修飾，所以應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞as。故選B。語(yǔ)法填空21、Many

houses

____________(destroy)

and

worse

still,

many

people

were

injured

or

some

even

killed.

(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)答案：were

destroyed考查動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：許多房屋被毀，更糟的是，許多人受傷，甚至一些人死亡。destroy與主語(yǔ)Many

houses是邏輯動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，由many

people

were

injured

or

some

even

killed可知，事情發(fā)生在過(guò)去，應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)，be動(dòng)詞用were。故填were

destroyed。22、Many

westerners

________

came

to

China

cook

much

less

than

in

their

own

countries

once

they

realize

how

cheap

it

can

be

to

eat

out.

(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)答案：that##who考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：許多來(lái)到中國(guó)的西方人一旦意識(shí)到在外面吃飯有多便宜，就會(huì)比在自己的國(guó)家做飯少得多?？仗幰龑?dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞westerners，指人，從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞that/who。故填that/who。23、On

social

media

sites,

people

tend

to

post

only

positive

updates

_________

make

them

appear

happy

and

friendly.

（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）答案：which##that考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：在社交媒體網(wǎng)站上，人們傾向于只發(fā)布讓自己看起來(lái)快樂(lè)友好的積極消息。分析句子可知，空處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是positive

updates，指物，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)，可用which或that引導(dǎo)。故填which/that。24、Martin

Luther

King

gave

a

famous

and

inspiring

speech

_______

started

with

the

words

“I

have

a

dream”.

(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)答案：that##which考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：馬丁·路德·金發(fā)表了一篇著名而鼓舞人心的演講，他的開(kāi)場(chǎng)白是“我有一個(gè)夢(mèng)想”。分析可知，空格處引導(dǎo)的是限定性定語(yǔ)從句，從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，先行詞speech是物，因此空格處用關(guān)系代詞that或which。故填that或which。25、What

differed

from

the

previous

case

was

that

the

suspect________(destroy)the

database

and

the

corresponding

data.

(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)答案：had

destroyed考查過(guò)去完成時(shí)。句意：與前一案件不同的是，嫌疑犯已經(jīng)銷(xiāo)毀了數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)和相應(yīng)的數(shù)據(jù)。分析句子可知，空處為表語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)，結(jié)合句意可知，destory的動(dòng)作在主句動(dòng)作was之前已經(jīng)完成了，表示過(guò)去的過(guò)去，應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，the

suspect與destory之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故填had

destoryed。26、That

is

the

house________

roof

was

blown

off

by

the

strong

wind.

(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)答案：whose考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：那就是房頂被大風(fēng)刮掉的那所房子。定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞house，從句缺少定語(yǔ)，故用whose引導(dǎo)。故填whose。27、Without

oxygen,

the

brain

________(damage)

quickly.

(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)