新高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)大題突破+限時(shí)集訓(xùn)專題02 閱讀理解記敘文（解析版）

專題02閱讀理解記敘文記敘文閱讀理解一般作為全國(guó)卷閱讀理解題的B篇，可分為傳記類和故事類，主要考查作者通過(guò)寫人、敘事所表達(dá)出來(lái)的某種觀點(diǎn)，認(rèn)識(shí)或情感。傳記類文章在閱讀中時(shí)間是全文的關(guān)鍵，根據(jù)時(shí)間我們可以找到相關(guān)的事件，抓住文件的主要內(nèi)容。故事類文章情節(jié)性較強(qiáng)，閱讀時(shí)要注意故事中的時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，人物和發(fā)生的事件些都是文章中的主要內(nèi)容和信息，對(duì)于準(zhǔn)確理解文章十分重要。Forthepast11years,83-year-oldAlMerritthasbeenareliableandcheerypresenceinhisneighborhood.Since2010,Merritthasbeentryingtoachievethemissiontocyclethecircumference(周長(zhǎng))oftheEarth—24,901miles—withouteverleavinghisownneighborhood.Asaresult,Merrittgottoknowmanyofhisneighbors.UpuntilOctober24,(2021),heneverrealizedthathisdailybicycletripswereasimportanttothemastheyweretohim.At3p.m.,nearly200peoplegatherednearhishometosurpriseandcongratulateMerrittontheendingofhis“round-the-world”adventure,andalargetrophy(獎(jiǎng)杯)wasplacedinhisarms.“It’sjustunbelievable.Icouldn’thaveimaginedanythinglikethis,”hesaid.11yearsago,whenhissonKevinbroughtabike,Alstartedcyclingaround.Atfirst,hisrideswereaboutfivemileslong,then10to12miles,andgraduallythelengthofhisoutingsgrew.Astimewentby,hebegantothinkbig-thecircumferenceoftheEarth.Bytheendof2020,hehadcovered21,565milesintotalandknewhecouldcompletehisgoalbytheendof2021.TherewasnocelebrationofthegoalplanneduntilNatalieLondonandTaylorPlecitycamealong.TheywerevisitingLondon’smomwhenMerrittflewbyonhisbike.Attractedbyhisstory,theywalkedovertointroducethemselves.WhentheydiscoveredMerrittwasjustweeksawayfromcompletinghisgoal,theyaskediftheycouldfilmashortdocumentary.“Wewantedtotellthestoryofthisguy.WhatMerrittrepresentsishowanindividual’ssmallactscanchangeanentirecommunity,”saidLondon.TocelebratethecompletionofMerritt’scy-clinggoal,theysecretlyprintedupflyersandplacedthemondoorstepsforseveralblocks.Buteventheyweresurprisedatthehugecrowdthatgathered.AlthoughMerritthasnowachievedhisgoal,hehasnoplanstochangetheroutinethathasbe-comethehighlightofhisdailylife.1．WhatcanweknowaboutAlMerritt?A．Hebicycleswithlotsofneighbors. B．Hebeganhistaskduringhisseventies.C．Hewasawardedatrophybyhisclub. D．Hevisitedvariousplacesaroundtheworld.2．HowdidMerrittgettheideaof“round-the-world”adventure?A．Hewaspersuadedbyneighbors. B．Hissonmadeapracticalsuggestion.C．Hisphysicalcapabilityimprovedgradually. D．Hewatchedaninspiringdocumentary.3．What’sthepurposeoffilmingthisshortdocumentary?A．Toshareunforgettableexperiences. B．Topromoteahealthyoutdoorsport.C．Tostimulatepositivelifeattitudes. D．Toshowaharmoniouscommunity.4．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Aseniorbikeracer. B．Anunexpectedharvest.C．Asuccessfulbigadventure. D．Aneighborhoodinspiration.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了83歲的阿爾·梅里特在他的社區(qū)里一直是一個(gè)可靠而愉快的存在。在不離開自己的社區(qū)的情況下，他完成了“環(huán)球”騎行——24901英里。這一壯舉鼓舞了社區(qū)所有的人。1．B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Forthepast11years,83-year-oldAlMerritthasbeenareliableandcheerypresenceinhisneighborhood.(在過(guò)去的11年里，83歲的阿爾·梅里特(AlMerritt)在他的社區(qū)里一直是一個(gè)可靠而愉快的存在。)”可知，83歲的阿爾·梅里特在11年前，也就是他70多歲時(shí)就開始進(jìn)行這項(xiàng)任務(wù)。。故選B。2．C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Atfirst,hisrideswereaboutfivemileslong,then10to12miles,andgraduallythelengthofhisoutingsgrew.Astimewentby,hebegantothinkbig—thecircumferenceoftheEarth.(一開始，他騎的車大約5英里長(zhǎng)，然后是10到12英里，慢慢地，他騎的車越來(lái)越長(zhǎng)。隨著時(shí)間的流逝，他開始考慮更大的目標(biāo)——地球的周長(zhǎng)。)”可知，是他的體能逐漸提高，使他產(chǎn)生“環(huán)球”冒險(xiǎn)的想法的。故選C。3．C【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“Wewantedtotellthestoryofthisguy.WhatMerrittrepresentsishowanindividual’ssmallactscanchangeanentirecommunity(我們想講述這個(gè)人的故事。梅里特所代表的是一個(gè)人的小行為如何改變整個(gè)社會(huì))”可推知，拍攝這部紀(jì)錄片短片的目的是激發(fā)積極的生活態(tài)度。故選C。4．D【解析】主旨大意題。分析全文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要講述了83歲的阿爾·梅里特在他的社區(qū)里一直是一個(gè)可靠而愉快的存在。在不離開自己的社區(qū)的情況下，他完成了“環(huán)球”騎行——24901英里。這一壯舉鼓舞了社區(qū)所有的人。由此推知，D選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)社區(qū)的鼓舞人心的人物”能概括全文內(nèi)容。故選D。記敘文閱讀理解解題技巧：一、事實(shí)的細(xì)節(jié)題對(duì)于事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題，剖析一下不難看出，事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)的內(nèi)容不會(huì)單獨(dú)出現(xiàn)，它總會(huì)與前后的段落內(nèi)容相呼應(yīng)，考生只要抓住整體大側(cè)，看懂主題，利用內(nèi)容間的因果關(guān)系，通過(guò)時(shí)間空間的關(guān)系轉(zhuǎn)接，并對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行深入的剖析理解，確定主題，將零碎的細(xì)節(jié)組成一個(gè)有機(jī)整體，就被深刻理解材料的內(nèi)容，從而輕松解決問(wèn)題。二、詞句理解題詞句理解題主要講究的是理解題意，通過(guò)短文的詞、短語(yǔ)或句子的理解來(lái)充分理解題意，碰到不熟悉的詞語(yǔ)要避過(guò)，先略讀再通讀、仔細(xì)推敲，尤其是對(duì)語(yǔ)境的理解要準(zhǔn)確。三、推理斷題題推理判斷題最主要的就是注重文章結(jié)構(gòu)的物關(guān)系，抓住關(guān)鍵詞，結(jié)合有關(guān)的生活和杜會(huì)常識(shí)，理清文章的結(jié)構(gòu)層次，文章內(nèi)容和文章的中心思想，推斷作者的寫作意圖。歸納概括題適合這類題型的閱讀理解通常具體反映在文章的題目或一段短文的小標(biāo)題上很多文章從一開頭就直球說(shuō)出觀點(diǎn)，表達(dá)中心思想，所以對(duì)于這類題型，一定要注意主題句和主題段，段與段之間的關(guān)系，注意隱藏的中心思想，準(zhǔn)確了解文章結(jié)構(gòu)，把握句與句之間的關(guān)系，注重邏輯關(guān)系，把握住文章的脈絡(luò)。一、IhavelivedinruralAmericafornineyears,firstinMichigan,whereIgotmyPhD;thenincentralIllinoisandnowinIndiana,whereIamaprofessor.Inaplacewheremostpeoplehavelivedthewholeoftheirlives,Ifeellikeastranger.TherearefewthingsIenjoymorethancomplainingaboutmygeographicisolation.I’mavegetarian,sothere’snowheretogoforanicedinnerthatisn’t50milesaway.I’mblack,sothere’snowheretogetmyhairdonethatdoesn’tinvolveanother50-miledrive.Andtheclosestmajorairportistwohoursaway.Irecitethesegripestomyfriends.Weallhavegrandideasaboutwhatlifewouldbelikeifonlywedidthat,orlivedthere.Andthere’sthis;Ireallydon’tintendtochangemostofthethingsIcomplainabout.Gripingisseductiveonthosedayswhenhappinessrequirestoomuchenergy.ButitalsomakesmelosesightofthefactthatIwasbornandgrewupinNebraskaandhavelivedmostofmylifeinoneoftheplainsstates.WhenIgotothecoasts,Iamstruckbyhowunappealingbig-citylivingcanbe.WhileImaynotlovewhereIlive,thereareplentyofpeoplewhoareproudtocallthisplacehome.Atapartywithcolleagues,IwasgoingonabouteverythingIcouldn’tstandinourtownwhenInoticedthattheyweresilentandshiftinguncomfortably.Thatmomentforcedachangeinme.Complainingmayofferrelief,butsodoesacceptance.Thereisnoperfectlife.Byfocusingongripes,Iriskmissingoutonpreciousmomentsofappreciation.WhenIgethome,Istandonmybalcony,lookintothenightskyandseethestars.IknowthatIhaveabsolutelynothingtocomplainabout.1．Whatcausestheauthor’sloneliness?A．Dietaryhabits. B．Racialprejudice.C．Educationaldifferences. D．Identityconfusion.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“seductive”meaninparagraph3?A．Attractive. B．Temporary. C．Violent. D．Flexible.3．Howmighttheauthorfeelabouthimselfwhentheatmospherechangedataparty?A．Humbled. B．Angry. C．Touched. D．Calm.4．Whatdoestheauthorrealizeintheend?A．Everydayisbeautiful. B．WheninRome,doastheRomansdo.C．Humanmustvaluelivesthemselves. D．Don’tbepennywiseandpoundfoolish.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。文中主要講述了作者來(lái)到陌生的地方工作，遇到了各種不適應(yīng)，開始抱怨，結(jié)果最終認(rèn)識(shí)到?jīng)]有完美的人生。專注于抱怨，自己可能會(huì)錯(cuò)過(guò)感激的珍貴時(shí)刻。1．D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“IhavelivedinruralAmericafornineyears,firstinMichigan,whereIgotmyPhD;thenincentralIllinoisandnowinIndiana,whereIamaprofessor.Inaplacewheremostpeoplehavelivedthewholeoftheirlives,Ifeellikeastranger.TherearefewthingsIenjoymorethancomplainingaboutmygeographicisolation.I’mavegetarian,sothere’snowheretogoforanicedinnerthatisn’t50milesaway.I’mblack,sothere’snowheretogetmyhairdonethatdoesn’tinvolveanother50-miledrive.(我在美國(guó)農(nóng)村生活了9年，先是在密歇根州，我在那里拿到了博士學(xué)位；然后在伊利諾伊州中部，現(xiàn)在在印第安納州，我是那里的教授。在一個(gè)大多數(shù)人一生都在生活的地方，我覺(jué)得自己像個(gè)陌生人。沒(méi)有什么比抱怨地理上的孤立更讓我享受的了。我是個(gè)素食主義者，所以不到50英里的地方就找不到好吃的了。我是黑人，所以要做頭發(fā)就得再開50英里的車)”可知，作者在美國(guó)的幾個(gè)地方生活過(guò)，且是黑人。由此可知，身份混亂導(dǎo)致了作者的孤獨(dú)。故選D。2．A【解析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞后文“onthosedayswhenhappinessrequirestoomuchenergy”可知，在那些快樂(lè)需要太多精力的日子里，抱怨是有吸引力的，因?yàn)椴恍枰嗑?。故畫線詞意思是“有吸引力的”。故選A。3．D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Atapartywithcolleagues,IwasgoingonabouteverythingIcouldn’tstandinourtownwhenInoticedthattheyweresilentandshiftinguncomfortably.Thatmomentforcedachangeinme.Complainingmayofferrelief,butsodoesacceptance.Thereisnoperfectlife.Byfocusingongripes,Iriskmissingoutonpreciousmomentsofappreciation.WhenIgethome,Istandonmybalcony,lookintothenightskyandseethestars.IknowthatIhaveabsolutelynothingtocomplainabout.(在一次與同事的聚會(huì)上，我正滔滔不絕地談?wù)撝?zhèn)上所有我無(wú)法忍受的事情，這時(shí)我注意到他們都沉默不語(yǔ)，不安地移動(dòng)著身子。那一刻迫使我改變了。抱怨可能會(huì)讓你放松，但接受也一樣。沒(méi)有完美的人生。專注于抱怨，我可能會(huì)錯(cuò)過(guò)感激的珍貴時(shí)刻。當(dāng)我回到家，我站在陽(yáng)臺(tái)上，仰望夜空，看星星。我知道我完全沒(méi)有什么可抱怨的)”可知，當(dāng)聚會(huì)的氣氛發(fā)生變化時(shí)，作者冷靜了，開始思考自己的行為會(huì)帶來(lái)的不良后果。故選D。4．D【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Complainingmayofferrelief,butsodoesacceptance.Thereisnoperfectlife.Byfocusingongripes,Iriskmissingoutonpreciousmomentsofappreciation.WhenIgethome,Istandonmybalcony,lookintothenightskyandseethestars.IknowthatIhaveabsolutelynothingtocomplainabout.(抱怨可能會(huì)讓你放松，但接受也一樣。沒(méi)有完美的人生。專注于抱怨，我可能會(huì)錯(cuò)過(guò)感激的珍貴時(shí)刻。當(dāng)我回到家，我站在陽(yáng)臺(tái)上，仰望夜空，看星星。我知道我完全沒(méi)有什么可抱怨的)”推知，作者最后意識(shí)到不要因小失大。故選D。二、Severalyearsago,acousinIhadlosttouchwithsinceIwasateenagerdroppedbymyhouse.Atthelivingroomentrance,hestoppedindeadsilence,hiseyesfixedonthebookshelvescoveringtheentirebackwall.“Haveyoureadthemall?”heaskedme,almostfrightened.“Yes,”Isaid,“justabout.”Heshookhisheadinsilence,asifthiswasafeat(技藝)thathaddemandedsomeeffort.Asforhim,hehadhadtoleaveschoolatfourteen,workingwhereverhecould.Hisfamilydidnothavebooks.IonlyeverrecalledseeingthecomicbookTarzanlyingaroundonthetable.Ioftenrecallthisscenewithmycousinwithunease.Ithidesanotherviolentone.Iwasbetweenfifteenandeighteenyearsold.Imusthaveblamedmyfatherfor“notbeinginterestedinanything”,forreadingonlyParis-Normandie,thelocalnewspaper.Usuallysocalmandtolerantregardingtherudenessofhisonlydaughter,herepliedseriously,“Booksaregoodforyou.Butasforme,Idon’tneedthemtolive.”Thesewordsstretchacrosstime,fixedinsideme,likeapainandanunbearablereality.Iunderstoodverywellwhatmyfathermeant.ReadingAlexanderDumas,Flaubert,Camuswouldnothaveservedanypracticalpurposeinhisworkasacafeowner.Ontheotherhand,inthefuturehehopedforme,hevaguelyknewthatbooksheldweight,andthattheyformedpartofadefiningpackage—“culturalbaggage”—thatincludedthetheatre,theoperaandwintersports—asuperiorsocialworld.Iunderstoodallthatanditwasunacceptable.Irefusedtothinkthattheworldofbookswouldstayforeverclosedtothehumanbeingwhowasdearesttome.AsIthinkaboutreasonsforreading,myfather’swordscomebacktomeinsistently,likeapersonalandunsolvablecontradiction.No,toreadisnottolivebutIhavealwayslivedwithbooks.5．WhatdoesParagraph1tellusaboutthewriter?A．Herhavingreadmanybooksamazedhercousin.B．Hercousinquitschoolearlyandhadnobooksatall.C．Shecompletelyfinishedreadingthebooksontheshelves.D．Hercousinwasfrightenedtodeathuponseeingthebooks.6．Whatdoes“one”refertoinParagraph2?A．Anidea. B．Anemotion.C．Ascene. D．Arelative.7．Whatcan’tthewriteraccept?A．Thebittermemoryofaviolentchildhood.B．Thestricttoneinwhichherfatherspoke.C．Thefearoffallingshortofherfather’sexpectations.D．Herfather’signoranceoftheimportanceofreading.8．Whatisthepassagegoingtotalkaboutnext?A．Whythewriterenjoysreadingbooks.B．Whatseparatesthewriterfromothers.C．Whatthewriter’sfatherreallymeant.D．Howotherconflictserupted.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。作者喜愛閱讀并且讀了很多書，在文章中作者回憶了幾年前她的堂/表兄弟知道她差不多讀完整面墻的書后非常吃驚的場(chǎng)景，以及作者與父親在閱讀這一問(wèn)題上的分歧。5．A【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Severalyearsago,acousinIhadlosttouchwithsinceIwasateenagerdroppedbymyhouse.Atthelivingroomentrance,hestoppedindeadsilence,hiseyesfixedonthebookshelvescoveringtheentirebackwall.‘Haveyoureadthemall?’heaskedme,almostfrightened.‘Yes,’Isaid,‘justabout’.Heshookhisheadinsilence,asifthiswasafeat(技藝)thathaddemandedsomeeffort.Asforhim,hehadhadtoleaveschoolatfourteen,workingwhereverhecould.Hisfamilydidnothavebooks.IonlyeverrecalledseeingthecomicbookTarzanlyingaroundonthetable.(幾年前，一位從我十幾歲起就失去聯(lián)系的堂/表兄弟來(lái)我家拜訪。在客廳門口，他沉默地停了下來(lái)，眼睛盯著覆蓋整個(gè)后墻上的書架。‘你都讀過(guò)了嗎？’他問(wèn)我，幾乎嚇壞了?！堑?，’我說(shuō)，‘差不多?！?fù)u了搖頭，仿佛這是一項(xiàng)需要付出一些努力的壯舉。至于他，他不得不在十四歲時(shí)離開學(xué)校，在任何他能工作的地方工作。他家沒(méi)有書。我只記得在桌子上看到過(guò)漫畫書Tarzan。)”可知，第一段主要闡述的是作者的堂/表兄弟在知道作者差不多讀完了整墻的書后感到非常吃驚，故選A。6．C【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。one作代詞時(shí)，表示泛指，既可指人，可指物，常用來(lái)代替上文出現(xiàn)過(guò)的單數(shù)名詞，以避免重復(fù)。根據(jù)第二段中“one”所在句的上一句“Ioftenrecallthisscenewithmycousinwithunease.(我經(jīng)常不安地回憶起和表哥的這一場(chǎng)景。)”以及下文“Iwasbetweenfifteenandeighteenyearsold.Imusthaveblamedmyfatherfor‘notbeinginterestedinanything’,forreadingonlyParis-Normandie,thelocalnewspaper.Usuallysocalmandtolerantregardingtherudenessofhisonlydaughter,herepliedseriously,‘Booksaregoodforyou.Butasforme,Idon’tneedthemtolive.’(我當(dāng)時(shí)在十五到十八歲之間。我一定責(zé)怪父親‘對(duì)什么都不感興趣’，只看當(dāng)?shù)氐腜aris-Normandie報(bào)紙。對(duì)于他唯一的女兒的無(wú)禮，他通常是那么冷靜和寬容，他嚴(yán)肅地回答說(shuō)：‘書對(duì)你有好處。但對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)，我不需要他們活著?！?”可知“Ithidesanotherviolentone.”中“anotherviolentone”指的是作者和父親就讀書產(chǎn)生意見分歧的場(chǎng)景，這個(gè)“one”指“一個(gè)場(chǎng)景（ascene）”；故選C。7．D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Usuallysocalmandtolerantregardingtherudenessofhisonlydaughter,herepliedseriously,‘Booksaregoodforyou.Butasforme,Idon’tneedthemtolive.’(對(duì)于他唯一的女兒的無(wú)禮，他通常是那么冷靜和寬容，他嚴(yán)肅地回答說(shuō)：‘書對(duì)你有好處。但對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)，我不需要他們活著。’)”以及第三段“Thesewordsstretchacrosstime,fixedinsideme,likeapainandanunbearablereality.Iunderstoodverywellwhatmyfathermeant.ReadingAlexanderDumas,Flaubert,Camuswouldnothaveservedanypracticalpurposeinhisworkasacafeowner.Ontheotherhand,inthefuturehehopedforme,hevaguelyknewthatbooksheldweight,andthattheyformedpartofadefiningpackage—‘culturalbaggage’—thatincludedthetheatre,theoperaandwintersports—asuperiorsocialworld.Iunderstoodallthatanditwasunacceptable.Irefusedtothinkthattheworldofbookswouldstayforeverclosedtothehumanbeingwhowasdearesttome.(這些話跨越時(shí)間，固定在我心里，就像一種痛苦和無(wú)法忍受的現(xiàn)實(shí)。我非常理解父親的意思。讀大仲馬、福樓拜、加繆的書對(duì)他開咖啡館的工作沒(méi)有任何實(shí)際意義。另一方面，在他對(duì)我的未來(lái)所寄予的期望中，他隱約知道書籍是有分量的，它們構(gòu)成了一個(gè)決定性的包裹——‘文化包袱’——包括劇院、歌劇和冬季運(yùn)動(dòng)——一個(gè)優(yōu)越的社會(huì)世界。我明白這一切，這是不可接受的。我不認(rèn)為書的世界會(huì)永遠(yuǎn)對(duì)我最親愛的人關(guān)閉。)”可知，作者不能接受父親不知道閱讀的重要性，不去閱讀。故選D。8．A【解析】推理判斷題。文章最后一段“AsIthinkaboutreasonsforreading,myfather’swordscomebacktomeinsistently,likeapersonalandunsolvablecontradiction.No,toreadisnottolivebutIhavealwayslivedwithbooks.(當(dāng)我思考閱讀的理由時(shí)，父親的話不斷地浮現(xiàn)在我的腦海中，就像一個(gè)無(wú)法解決的個(gè)人矛盾。不，讀書不是為了活著，但我一直與書生活在一起。)”可推斷，作者接下來(lái)會(huì)講述自己的閱讀經(jīng)歷以及喜愛閱讀的理由。故選A。一、（2022·湖北黃岡·黃岡中學(xué)?？既＃〥ozensofseaturtlesswimpastasIdive.Suddenlyadivercutsmeoff.Thenanother.“Hey!”Ithink.“Watchwhereyou’regoing!”ThenIrealize:Thesearen’tdivers.Theyaresealions!Thecreaturesblowbubblesatmeandthegroupof11kidsI’monvocationswith,hittingusslightlyonourbacks.Tonotbotherthemmuch,wetearourselvesawayfromthewonderland.WetakethistriptotheGalapagosIslands,agroupoftropicalislandscrossingtheequator.OurhotelisaboatcalledtheEclipsethathasapool.Humansaren’tallowedtoliveonmostoftheislands.Theonlywaypeoplecanexperiencethemagicofthisplaceandmeetanimalsonalltheislandsisby“panga”.“OursmallmotorboatismoreimportantthantheEclipse.It’sverysafe,”saysalocalguide,Fielsch.Lackofhumanthreatmakestheanimalsfriendly.“Theydon’tknowenoughtobescaredofhumans.”O(jiān)urgroupexperiencethatfirsthand.Whenwereturnafterourdivingadventure,wefindsealionslyingnexttoourbackpacks!Walkingalongthesand,weseemorewildlife:seals,redcrabs,orcas.Thefollowingmorning,wereachFernandinaIsland,knownforitsvolcano.Flightlessbirdscalledcormorantsbuildnestsontherocks.NearbyareGalapagospenguins.Averagingabout19inchesinheight,they’rethesecondsmallestspeciesofpenguinintheworld.“TheGalapagosaresocurious,”says12-year-oldHarry.“You’vegotpenguinslivingfarfromthefrozenSouthPole,andbirdsthatdon’tfly!”Aswerideback,sixpenguinsstandlikesoldiers,seemingtosaygoodbye.It’sourlastday;noneofuswantstoleavethisplace.Weknowthistriphasbeenamilestoneforus.Amarkedshiftinourattitudestowardsthenaturalworldisunderway.“TheGalapagosIslandsseemtobreaktheworld’srules,”saysHarry.“Morethanever,I’minterestedinsavingtheenvironment.Theseanimalstrulyneedourcare,”hissisterHannahadds.1．Howdoestheauthorfindthedivingexperience?A．Attractive. B．Disturbing.C．Dangerous. D．Valuable.2．What’sthefunctionof“panga”?A．Toprotectpeoplefromdanger.B．Toprovideashelterforlocalpeople.C．Toguidepeopleinseeingtheanimals.D．Totransportpeopletoeachoftheislands.3．What’sspecialaboutGalapagospenguins?A．Theyarenotabletofly.B．Theyremainhiddenfromview.C．Theyliveinatropicalclimate.D．They’rethesmallestoftheirkind.4．Whyisthetripconsideredamilestonefortheauthor’sgroup?A．Itexpandstheirknowledgeoftheworld.B．Itchangesthewaytheythinkaboutnature.C．Itinspiresthemtoprotecttheenvironment.D．Itenablesthemtointeractwithvariouswildlife.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了到加帕拉格斯島旅行的經(jīng)歷，這次旅行對(duì)作者的團(tuán)隊(duì)來(lái)說(shuō)是一個(gè)里程碑，它改變了他們對(duì)自然的看法。1．A【解析】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句話“Tonotbotherthemmuch,wetearourselvesawayfromthewonderland.(為了不打擾它們，我們離開了仙境)”可知，作者認(rèn)為這次潛水的地方簡(jiǎn)直是個(gè)仙境。由此可推知，這次潛水的經(jīng)歷是很有吸引力的。故選A。2．D【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第四、五句話“Theonlywaypeoplecanexperiencethemagicofthisplaceandmeetanimalsonalltheislandsisby“panga”.“OursmallmotorboatismoreimportantthantheEclipse.(只有通過(guò)“panga”，人們才能體驗(yàn)這個(gè)地方的魔力，并在所有島嶼上見到動(dòng)物。“我們的小型摩托艇比Eclipse更重要。它非常安全，”當(dāng)?shù)貙?dǎo)游費(fèi)爾施說(shuō))”可推知，“panga”的功能是將人們送到每個(gè)島上。故選D。3．C【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句話“You’vegotpenguinslivingfarfromthefrozenSouthPole,andbirdsthatdon’tfly!(有企鵝住在遠(yuǎn)離冰凍南極的地方，還有不會(huì)飛的鳥！)”可知，有些企鵝住在遠(yuǎn)離南極的地方。由此可推知，加拉帕戈斯企鵝生活在熱帶氣候中。故選C。4．B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段第四、五句話“Weknowthistriphasbeenamilestoneforus.Amarkedshiftinourattitudestowardsthenaturalworldisunderway.(我們知道這次旅行對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)是一個(gè)里程碑。我們對(duì)自然世界的態(tài)度正在發(fā)生顯著轉(zhuǎn)變)”可知，這次旅行對(duì)作者的團(tuán)隊(duì)來(lái)說(shuō)是一個(gè)里程碑，它改變了他們對(duì)大自然的認(rèn)識(shí)。故選B。二、（2023·江蘇南京·校聯(lián)考一模）Getupat6am,arriveatthehospitalonehourearliertohelppatientscheckin,andaccompanypatientsduringconsultations…Inrecentyears,“patientescorts”hasemergedasanewindustry,andthosewhohavetakenonthiscareerareknownas“peoplewhoselltime”.26-year-oldZhangTianisoneofthem.September4wasaluckydayforZhangTian.Onthisday,ZhangTiansawavideoaboutpatientescortsonashortvideoplatform.Thedailyroutineofpatientescortsshowninthevideofascinatedherandgraduallyinspiredhertotakethisonasabusiness.Shebrowsedthroughmanyplatformsandreadmultipleinformationandfoundthereindeedexistsacertaindemandforpatientescorts,especiallyfortheelderly,children,andpregnantwomen.Sinceshehadneverengagedinthiskindofworkbefore,shespenttwodaysinmajorhospitalsinWuhan,inordertofamiliarizeherselfwithallthedepartmentsondifferentfloors,aswellastheprocessesofmedicalconsultationandpreparationforsurgery.Afterpreliminarypreparatory(預(yù)備的)work,ZhangTianpostedavideoofmyself-introductiononmajorsocialplatforms,talkingaboutthehelpandservicesapatientescortprovides,aswellassometipsforaquickandconvenientmedicalconsultation.Atfirst,shewasalittleworriedthathervideowouldgounnoticed.However,aftersheuploadedthevideo,itgotover100likesandshereceivedherfirsteverofferasapatientescort.Thememoryofherfirsttaskisstillaliveandfreshinhermind.ShereceivedaphonecallonSeptember9fromamanwhosefatherwasseriouslyillandmightneedsurgery.HewantedZhangTiantoaccompanyhisfatherthroughhisconsultationandtreatment.”ZhangTianmadefullpreparationsbeforemeetingherfirstclientanddidaverygoodjobdespitehernervousness.“Later,thefamilyexpressedtheirgratitudetomeoverandoveragain,whichwarmedmyheartandgavemeasenseofachievement.”ZhangTiansaid.5．Whatdopatientescortsdo?A．Theyassistdoctorsinhospitals.B．Theyarriveathospitalsearlytocheckin.C．Theytakeonthiscareertoselltheirtime.D．Theyhelppatientsgettreatedinhospitals.6．September4wasaluckydayforZhangTianbecause______.A．sheenjoyedseeinganinterestingvideoB．shegotinspirationforherowncareerC．shefoundademandformedicalworkersD．shewaswellreceivedonsocialplatforms7．HowdidZhangTiangetherfirstclient?A．Shegotfamiliarwiththeroutineworkinhospitals.B．Shespenttwodaysinmajorhospitalstomeetpatients.C．Hervideoonsocialplatformsattractedherfirstclient.D．Theman’sfatherwasseriouslyillandmightneedasurgery.8．WhichofthefollowingwordsbestdescribeZhangTian?A．Hardworkingandconsiderate. B．Humorousandcareful.C．Ambitiousandimaginative. D．Talkativeandpositive.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述一個(gè)新行業(yè)“患者陪護(hù)”的代表張?zhí)?，在社交平臺(tái)上談?wù)撆阕o(hù)患者提供的幫助和服務(wù)，獲得了社會(huì)的熱烈關(guān)注。“患者陪護(hù)”帶給了她成就感和滿足感，并激勵(lì)著她不斷向前。5．D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Getupat6am,arriveatthehospitalonehourearliertohelppatientscheckin,andaccompanypatientsduringconsultations…Inrecentyears,“patientescorts”hasemergedasanewindustry,andthosewhohavetakenonthiscareerareknownas“peoplewhoselltime”.(每天早上6點(diǎn)起床，提前1小時(shí)到醫(yī)院幫病人辦理入住，陪病人會(huì)診……近年來(lái)，“患者陪護(hù)”成為一個(gè)新興行業(yè)，從事這一職業(yè)的人被稱為“賣時(shí)間的人”。)”可知，“患者陪護(hù)”的指責(zé)為幫助病人更好地在醫(yī)院接受治療。故選D。6．B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“September4wasaluckydayforZhangTian.Onthisday,ZhangTiansawavideoaboutpatientescortsonashortvideoplatform.Thedailyroutineofpatientescortsshowninthevideofascinatedherandgraduallyinspiredhertotakethisonasabusiness.(9月4日是張?zhí)斓男疫\(yùn)日。這一天，張?zhí)镌谝粋€(gè)短視頻平臺(tái)上看到了一個(gè)關(guān)于病人陪護(hù)的視頻。視頻中顯示的病人陪護(hù)的日常生活讓她著迷，并逐漸激勵(lì)她將其作為一項(xiàng)業(yè)務(wù)。)”可知，9月4日對(duì)張?zhí)靵?lái)說(shuō)是幸運(yùn)的一天，因?yàn)樗秊樽约旱氖聵I(yè)找到了靈感。故選B。7．C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Afterpreliminarypreparatory(預(yù)備的)work,ZhangTianpostedavideoofmyself-introductiononmajorsocialplatforms,talkingaboutthehelpandservicesapatientescortprovides,aswellassometipsforaquickandconvenientmedicalconsultation.Atfirst,shewasalittleworriedthathervideowouldgounnoticed.However,aftersheuploadedthevideo,itgotover100likesandshereceivedherfirsteverofferasapatientescort.(經(jīng)過(guò)前期的準(zhǔn)備工作，張?zhí)煸诟鞔笊缃黄脚_(tái)上發(fā)布了我的自我介紹視頻，講述了陪護(hù)病人所能提供的幫助和服務(wù)，以及快速便捷就醫(yī)的一些技巧。起初，她有點(diǎn)擔(dān)心她的視頻不會(huì)被注意到。然而，在她上傳視頻后，獲得了100多個(gè)贊，她還得到了人生中第一個(gè)“患者陪護(hù)”的工作機(jī)會(huì)。)”可知，張?zhí)煸谏缃黄脚_(tái)上的視頻吸引了她的第一個(gè)客戶。故選C。8．A【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Getupat6am,arriveatthehospitalonehourearliertohelppatientscheckin,andaccompanypatientsduringconsultations…(每天早上6點(diǎn)起床，提前1小時(shí)到醫(yī)院幫病人辦理入住，陪病人會(huì)診……)”和第二段“Shebrowsedthroughmanyplatformsandreadmultipleinformationandfoundthereindeedexistsacertaindemandforpatientescorts,especiallyfortheelderly,children,andpregnantwomen.Sinceshehadneverengagedinthiskindofworkbefore,shespenttwodaysinmajorhospitalsinWuhan,inordertofamiliarizeherselfwithallthedepartmentsondifferentfloors,aswellastheprocessesofmedicalconsultationandpreparationforsurgery.(她瀏覽了許多平臺(tái)，閱讀了大量信息，發(fā)現(xiàn)確實(shí)存在一定的病人陪護(hù)需求，尤其是老人、兒童和孕婦。由于之前從未從事過(guò)這類工作，她花了兩天時(shí)間在武漢各大醫(yī)院，以熟悉不同樓層的各個(gè)科室，以及會(huì)診和手術(shù)準(zhǔn)備的流程。)”及全文可知，張?zhí)炷托膶W(xué)習(xí)這類工作的流程、耐心護(hù)送患者和悉心照料患者，可以表現(xiàn)出她具有努力工作，體貼的美好品質(zhì)。故選A。三、（2022·福建泉州·統(tǒng)考一模）OnJuly14,2017,MaryamMirzakhani,StanfordprofessorofmathematicsandthefirstfemalewinneroftheFieldsMedalinMathematics,diedattheageof40.Thenewswasespeciallyhard-hittingforagenerationofyoungeracademicswhohavealwaysheldMaryamasarolemodelwhoseexampleishelpingredefinewomen’sstatusinscienceandespeciallymathematics.WhatwasfunwasthatMaryamalwaystriedtoavoidthemedia’sspotlight.Hermodesty(謙虛)andsimplicitydespitebeingthefirstwomantogainsuchhighstatusintheworldofmathematics—winningwhat’softencalledthe“NobelPrizeofmath”—stoodouttothosewhoknewher.Maryamoriginallywantedtobeawriter,apassionofhersthatneverfadedawayevenduringherpostgraduatestudies.However,shefoundanevengreaterjoyinhowrewardingitfelttosolvemathematicalproblems.Asastudent,shewasthefirstfemalememberofIran’snationalteamtoparticipateintheInternationalMathOlympiad(IMO),andshewontwogoldmedalsintwoyears—stillarecord.Shereceivedherbachelor’sdegreeinIranandlaterstudiedatHarvard.In2014,MaryamwasrecognizedwiththeFieldsMedal,thehighest-rankingawardinmathematics.Herworkfocusedoncurvedsurfaceslikespheres(球體).Herachievementshaveapplicationsinotherscientificfieldsincludingengineeringandmaterialscience.Unfortunately,atthattimeshewasalreadytacklingthebreastcancer.Maryam’slegend(傳奇)maycontinuetogrowafterherearlydeath.Stillonly20percentoffull-timemathteachersatU.S.universitiesarewomen.Theexampleofawomanwhorosetothetopofthisstillverymalefieldmayhelpinspiremath’snextgeneration.InthesamewaypeoplethinkofMarieCurieorJaneGoodallasscientificpioneers,MaryamMirzakhaniwillgodowninhistoryasatrailblazeraswellasamathematicalgenius.9．WhatmakesMaryaminternationallyrecognised?A．Herunfadingpassionforwriting.B．Fightingagainstsexualdiscrimination.C．BeingthefirstfemaleFieldsMedalwinner.D．Comingunderthemedia’sspotlightfrequently.10．What’sMaryam’sattitudetowardsfame?A．Resistant. B．Realistic. C．Enthusiastic. D．Doubtful.11．WhatcanweknowaboutMaryam?A．ShewongoldmedalsforIraninIMO.B．Shegotherbachelor’sdegreeatHarvard.C．Sheappliedmathematicstomaterialscience.D．Sheinstructedsomefemalestudentstoreachthetop.12．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“trailblazer”meaninthelastparagraph?A．Talent. B．Model. C．Follower. D．Pioneer.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。2017年7月14日，斯坦福大學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)教授、菲爾茲數(shù)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)?wù)碌谝晃慌缘弥鳜旣悂喣贰っ谞栐崛ナ?，享?0歲。文章講述了這位偉大的女?dāng)?shù)學(xué)家的傳奇一生和優(yōu)秀品質(zhì)。9．C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“OnJuly14,2017,MaryamMirzakhani,StanfordprofessorofmathematicsandthefirstfemalewinneroftheFieldsMedalinMathematics,diedattheageof40.”(2017年7月14日，斯坦福大學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)教授、菲爾茲數(shù)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)?wù)碌谝晃慌缘弥鳜旣悂喣贰っ谞栐崛ナ?，享?0歲。)可知，作為第一位女性菲爾茲獎(jiǎng)牌獲得者，瑪麗亞姆獲得了國(guó)際認(rèn)可。故選C。10．A【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“Maryamalwaystriedtoavoidthemedia’sspotlight.”(瑪麗亞姆總是試圖避開媒體的聚光燈。)可知，瑪麗亞姆對(duì)名聲的態(tài)度是抗拒的。故選A。11．A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句“Asastudent,shewasthefirstfemalememberofIran’snationalteamtoparticipateintheInternationalMathOlympiad(IMO),andshewontwogoldmedalsintwoyears—stillarecord.”(作為一名學(xué)生，她是伊朗國(guó)家隊(duì)第一位參加國(guó)際數(shù)學(xué)奧林匹克競(jìng)賽（IMO）的女性成員，她在兩年內(nèi)獲得了兩枚金牌，這仍然是一項(xiàng)紀(jì)錄。)可知，瑪麗亞姆在國(guó)際數(shù)學(xué)奧林匹克競(jìng)賽中為伊朗贏得了金牌。故選A。12．D【解析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“InthesamewaypeoplethinkofMarieCurieorJaneGoodallasscientificpioneers”(就像人們認(rèn)為瑪麗·居里或簡(jiǎn)·古道爾是科學(xué)先驅(qū)那樣)可知，此處是指人們認(rèn)為瑪麗亞姆·米爾扎卡尼也是一位數(shù)學(xué)先驅(qū)，所以trailblazer意為“先驅(qū)”。故選D。四、（2022·重慶·重慶南開中學(xué)統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測(cè)）WhenTalGolesworthywastoldheneededalifesavingheartoperationin1993,hesaidno.GolesworthyhasMarfansyndrome,ageneticconditionaffectingbodytissues.Backin1993,hisdoctortoldhimthathisaorta(主動(dòng)脈)wassoenlargedthatitwouldunavoidablybreakunlessheunderwentamajorsurgery.“Theoperationreallydidn’tlookattractive,”saysGolesworthy.Whatheparticularlydidn’tlikewashavingtotakeamedicineaftertheoperationthatwouldp