新高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)大題突破+限時(shí)集訓(xùn)專題04 閱讀理解議論文（原卷版）

專題04閱讀理解議論文議論文閱讀理解一般作為全國卷閱理解中的CD篇，主要考查學(xué)生的圖輯思維能力。從文章中的細(xì)節(jié)、主旨以及寫作意圖等方面著手、學(xué)生能從中總結(jié)出一個(gè)論點(diǎn)出來。議論文是說理性的文章，通常由論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)、論證過程和結(jié)論組成。作者往往根據(jù)一些很普通的事實(shí)，通過嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)乃季S，縝密的推理得出一個(gè)具有普遍性或指導(dǎo)性的觀點(diǎn)。該類文章邏輯性強(qiáng)，命題往往從事實(shí)的有關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)以及文章的主旨或作者的表達(dá)意圖等方面著手，考查我們的思維能力和判斷能力。AcompanyinYancheng,Jiangsuprovince,reportedlyintroducedaninternaldocumentrequiringallemployeestostopusingiPhones.ThosewhocontinueusingiPhonescouldlosetheirjobswhilethosewhoswitchtoHuaweiwouldgetsubsidies,thedocumentsaid.Askedwhy,aseniorcompanyexecutivesaidthemovewastoensurethesecurityofinformationandcommercialsecrets,andtoencouragealltosupportdomesticbrands.Someenterprisesandagenciesmighthavesecurityconcerns,butforthecompanyinvolvedthatseemsunlikely,anditseemstobemoreofapublicityploy.Therehavebeeninstancesinthepast,too,ofotherprivatecompaniesforbiddingemployeesfromusingiPhonesandinsistingtheysupportChinesebrands.AtatimewhentheUnitedStatesgovernmentisforcingUScompaniestostopdoingbusinesswithHuawei,itisgoodtoseeChinesecompatriots(同胞)supportingChinesebrands.However,itisn’tApplethatisstoppingsupplyingchipsandotherhigh-techpartstoHuawei.ItisUSpoliticians.ThepresidenthasalsoissuedexecutiveorderstoshutdownTikToksoastoforceittosellitsUSbusinessestoanAmericancompany.ThebestwaytosupportChinesecompaniesistospeakoutagainstthoseUSpoliticians.Itisadvisable,forexample,tocreateawarenessamongfriendsintheUSaboutthewaysinwhichthesepoliticiansareharmingbothChineseandUSinterests.BoycottingUSbrandssuchasAppleisnotatalladvisable.Itnotonlyviolates(侵犯)anindividual’spersonalrighttochoosewhatheorshelikes,italsocreatesalotofmisunderstanding.Ofcourse,organizationsthatdealwithcriticalinformationcanasktheiremployeestousedomesticbrands.Butthatmustbedonelegally.EvenHuaweifounderRenZhengfeisaidthatpatriotismshouldnotdecidewhetheronewantsaniPhoneoraHuawei.HesaidthathehadboughtApplecomputersforhisfamilyandthathiscompanymustlearnfromitscompetitors.1．Theunderlinedword“subsidies”inParagraph1probablymeans.A．jobsB．bonusC．punishmentD．compliment2．WhydidthecompanyrequireitsemployeestostopusingiPhonesaccordingtoitsleadership?A．Theythoughtthecompany’ssecretinformationmightbestolenbyiPhones.B．TheyfeltguiltandshameatusingiPhones.C．Theyhadtoobeytheorderofthelocalgovernment.D．TheythoughtusingiPhoneswasanactofshowingoff.3．AccordingtothepassageallthefollowingstatementsaretrueEXCEPTthat________.A．someenterprisesandindividualsdon’tuseiPhonestotaketheirpatrioticstandB．AppleisstoppingsupplyingchipstoHuaweiC．boycottingUSbrandsisnotatallwiseandappropriateD．RenZhengfeiandhisfamilyalsouseAppleproducts4．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?A．WeNeedtoUniteAgainstUsingiPhonesB．OneCompanyPloyMatterstoOneCountry’sFutureC．Can’tForceHuaweitoBeAppleofOne’sEyeD．ChineseCompatriots-Let’sSwitchtoHuawei第一，抓論點(diǎn)、尋論據(jù)。閱讀議論文我們要抓住論題，即作者提出的觀點(diǎn)、給出的例證及最后得出的結(jié)論。抓住了論題，我們就把握了中心。第二，注重文章結(jié)構(gòu)，理清文章脈絡(luò)。把握文章結(jié)構(gòu)，有利于對文章大意的理解。從論證方法上講，常見的議論文結(jié)構(gòu)有以下兩類：1.Putforwardaquestion→Analyzethequestion→Solvethequestion這就是“提出問題、分析問題、解決問題”的過程。2.Argument/Idea→Evidence→Conclusion/Restatingtheidea這就是“由論點(diǎn)到論據(jù)到結(jié)論或者強(qiáng)調(diào)論點(diǎn)”的過程。第三，體會(huì)文章語言特點(diǎn)，把握作者寫作態(tài)度，準(zhǔn)確進(jìn)行推理判斷。能否正確把握作者的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度是體現(xiàn)閱讀能力的重要方面。一般來說，對作者的總的態(tài)度和傾向，必須在通讀全文，掌握了論點(diǎn)和論據(jù)后，方能做出判斷。在判斷作者觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度時(shí)，我們應(yīng)注意，有時(shí)候作者的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度并不是明確地表達(dá)出來的，需要我們認(rèn)真體察。做推理判斷時(shí)，一定要遵循邏輯規(guī)律，以事實(shí)為依據(jù)進(jìn)行合理的推理。（一）、Mathandmusicaretwoentirelydifferentfieldsofstudy,butthereisastrongrelevancebetweenthem.Atsomepoint,theytendtooverlap,anditiscommonforpeoplegoodatmathtobegoodatmusic.Itmayseemillogicaltocomparethetwo,buttherearemoresimilaritiesbetweenmathandmusicthanyouwouldimagine.Numberscantellusmoreaboutmusic.Soundsstrangebutit’strue.Musicisdividedintosectionsthatarecalledmeasures,whereeachmeasurehasequalamountsofbeats.Thisiscomparabletomathematicaldivisionsoftime.Now,eachpieceofmusicwilltellushowmanybeatsthereareineachmeasure.Allthemusicnoteshavenumericalconnectionsandanumberofbeats.Itisimportanttounderstandthevalueoffractions(分?jǐn)?shù))andnotestocountthemusiccorrectly.Thebiggestsimilaritybetweenmathandmusicinpattern.Forexample,musichasrepeatingchoruseswhilemathusespatternstoexplaintheunknown.Youcanusedifferentmathematicalphenomenainmusic.Theseincludegeometry(幾何學(xué)),signalprocessing,etc.Infact,researchhasshownthatwhenmusicshowssomemathematicalstructure,ittendstobemorepopular.Inadditiontotheirsharedelements,mathandmusiccanbetaughtusingtheprinciplesofboth.Astudentwhoenjoysmathandmusiccanbenefitfromboth.Forexample,musiccamenhancecognitionandreasoningskills.Forinstance,Einsteinlistenedtomusicwhensolvingmathproblemstoincreaseclarity.Similarly,playingmusiccanimprovecognition,asitincreasescommunicationbetweenthetwobrains.Musicisagatewaytomanythings,anduntilnow,youprobablydidn’trealizethatit’sjustasdemanding,analytical,logicalandscientificasmath.Somethingassimpleaslearning“MaryHadaLittleLamb”onthepianoisactuallysettingyourchildupforbiggerandbetterthings;maybethey’llpickupPythagoras(畢達(dá)哥拉斯)inaflash,maybethey’llbeageniusinmath,perhapsthey’llonedaydiscovertheirowntheoryofrelativity.1．Whatdoestheauthorthinkaboutmathandmusic?A．Mathandmusicaredeeplyintertwined.B．Musicisatotallydifferentsubjectfrommath.C．Itsoundsreasonabletocomparemathandmusic.D．Peopleexpertatmathalltendtobemusiclovers.2．What’smainlyabouttheparagraph2?A．Measureisapieceofmusic. B．Mathhelpsinreadingmusic.C．Musicsoundappearsstrange. D．Musicbeatsequaltomathnumbers.3．Whatstatementwilltheauthorprobablyagreewith?A．Patternsarecommoninbothmathandmusic.B．Certainmusicskillsarepractisedviachoruses.C．Musicprincipleseemseasierthanmathematics.D．Reasoningskillsinmathchieflyrelyonmusic.4．Whatmessagedoesthelastparagraphconvey?A．Musicalinvolvementpromotestobeagenius.B．Musicallowskidstocombinemathwithpiano.C．Musicofferskidspotentialsuccessinmathematics.D．Musicmayenhancethemathematicsskillsofallkids.（二）、Neuroscientists(神經(jīng)科學(xué)家)nowknowthatbrainmaturation(成熟)occursfarlaterthanpreviouslythought.Greatchangesinbrainarestilltakingplaceduringyoungadulthood,especiallyintheregionsthatareimportantforplanningahead,expectingthefutureresultsofone’sdecisions,andcomparingriskandreward.Indeed,somebrainregionsdonotreachfullmaturityuntiltheearly20s.Shouldthisnewknowledgemakeusrethinkwherewedrawlegalboundariesbetweenkidsandadults?Maybe.Butit’snotassimpleasitseemsfortworeasons.First,differentbrainregionsmaturealongwithdifferenttimetables.Thereisnosingleageatwhichtheadolescentbrainbecomesanadultbrain.Systemsresponsibleforlogicalreasoningmaturewhenpeopleare16,butthoseinvolvedinself-regulationarestilldevelopinginyoungadulthood.Thisiswhy16-year-oldsarejustascapableasadultswhenitcomestopermittinginformedmedicalpapers,butarestillimmatureinwaysthatreducetheircriminalresponsibility,astheSupremeCourthasnotedinseveralrecentcases.Usingdifferentagesfordifferentlegalboundariesseemsstrange,butitwouldmakeneuro-scientificsenseifwediditreasonably.Second,sciencehasneverhadmuchinfluenceonthesedecisions.Ifitdid,wewouldn’thavelivedinasocietythatallowsteenagerstodrivebeforetheycanbuybeer.Ageboundariesaredrawnmainlyforpoliticalreasons,notscientificones.It’sapitythatNeurosciencewon’thavemuchofanimpactonpoliticsalthoughitisalwayscorrect.Childrenaresochangeableintheirgrowthandhowculturesunderstandchilddevelopmentissodifferent.Itispointlesstotrytodeterminethe“right”ageofmaturation.TheDutch,forexample,allowchildrentodrinkalcoholattheageof16butnottodriveuntiltheyare19.EvenifIfirmlybelievelegaldecisionsshouldrefertoNeuroscienceseriouslyandit’sagoodideatolowerthedrinkingageandraisethedrivingageintheUS,Irecognizethatthegovernmentmightneveracceptit.5．Whatcanwelearnaboutbrainmaturationaccordingtothepassage?A．Allthebrainareasbecomematureatthesametime.B．Scientists’brainmaturesmuchearlierthanpoliticians’.C．Theregioninchargeoflogicalreasoningisn’tmatureuntil18.D．Thetimeofbrainmaturationisnotasearlyasthoughtbefore.6．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsNeuroscience?A．Favorable. B．Skeptical. C．Indifferent. D．Intolerant.7．Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A．It’sillegalforaDutchboytodriveattheageof16.B．ThecultureoftheDutchismuchbetterthantheUSA．C．It’sofgreatvaluetodeterminetherightageofmaturation.D．Theinfluenceofscienceonlawandpolicymakingisverybig.8．Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．ShouldChildrenLearnfromCapableAdults?B．CanNeuroscienceCreateMatureScientists?C．ShouldNeuroscienceAffectLawDecisions?D．CanChildrenDriveandDrinkBeerLikeAdults?一、（2022·河北·校聯(lián)考模擬預(yù)測）Themomentthegroundstopsshakingafteranearthquake,somepeoplemaywonderwhethertheirpets—orwildanimalsforthatmatter—knewthedisasterwascoming.Togettothebottomofthisquestion,HeikoWoith,ascientistattheGermanResearchCentreforGeosciences,andhiscolleaguesevaluatedmorethan700publishedreportsofunusualbehavioramong130species,includinginsects,birds,fish,cats,dogsandcattlefrom160earthquakes.Therecordsincludedallkindsofbehaviors,includingatigerthatreportedlygotdepressedbeforeanearthquake.Theresearchersfoundthat90percentofallreportedcaseshappenedwithin62milesoftheepicenter(震中)andwithin60daysofanearthquake.Then,theyexaminedwhenandwhereforeshockshadhappenedintheregionandconcludedthatitwashardtosaytheseanimalscouldpredicttheearthquakeitself.Theywerejustrespondingtoforeshocks.“Thespace-timepatternofanimalprecursors(預(yù)兆)andforeshocksisstrikinglysimilar,”Woithsaid.“Fromthis,weconcludedthattheabnormalanimalbehaviormightsimplyberelatedtoforeshocks.Theseanimalsarejustrespondingtoforeshocksratherthanpredictingtheearthquake.Theydon’thavesuperpower.”Despitethevastnumberofincidences,goodinformationwaslittleandscientificevidenceislacking.“Amajorsurpriseforuswasthatthelargemajorityofthepublishedclaimswerebuiltonpoorobservationaldata,whichdidnotstandasstatisticalscientificproof,”Woithsaid.Tobetterstudywhetheranimalscanpredictearthquakes,Woithandhiscolleaguessuggestedthatresearchersaskanumberofyes-or-noquestionsinanyupcomingexperiments,including“Istheexperimentalsetupandmonitoringprocedureclearlydescribedandreproducible?”and“Isitproventhattheanimalbehaviorisreallyunusual?”Meanwhile,humansareworkingontechnologiesthatcandetectearthquakessecondsbeforetheyhit.Hopefully,wewillhavesuchdevicestowarnpeoplethattheearthquakeiscoming.1．HowdidWoithconductthestudy?A．Byanalyzingformerreports.B．Byobservinganimals’behavior.C．Bycollectingdataintheearthquake.D．Bycomparinganimals’differentresponses.2．WhatisWoith’snewfinding?A．Tigersbecomedepressedeasily. B．Certainanimalshavesuperpower.C．Someanimalscanreacttoforeshocks. D．Animalsinthesameareaactsimilarly.3．Whatsurprisedthescientistsinthestudy?A．Allreportedcasestookplaceinthesamearea.B．Thereweretoomanyreportsaboutforeshocks.C．Someanimalsactstrangelybeforeearthquakes.D．Thepreviousreportslackaccuratedatasupport.4．Whatismainlytalkedaboutinthepassage?A．Howanimalsbehaveinearthquakes.B．Whetheranimalscanpredictearthquakes.C．Whatisthelinkbetweenanimalsandearthquakes.D．Whypeoplestudyanimals’behaviorinearthquakes.二、（2022·福建福州·統(tǒng)考三模）Climbing,Ioncethought,wasaverymanlyactivity,butasIfoundmywayintothisactivity,Icametoseethatsomethingquitedifferenthappensontherock.Likewildswimming,rockclimbinginvolvesyouintothelandscape.Ontherock,Iamfullypresent.Eyespaycloseattention.earsarealert(警覺的),andhandsmoveacrossthesurface.Unlikewalking,whereIcouldhappilywanderaboutabsent-mindedly,inclimbing,attentiveobservationisessential.AsanartsstudentstudyingEnglishliterature,Idiscoveredanewtypeofreadingfromoutdoorclimbing.Goingoutontothecrags(懸崖),Isawhowyoucanlearntoreadtherocksanddevelopavocabularyofphysicalmovements.Goodclimbersknewhowtomaptheirbodiesontothestone.Watchingthem,Iwantedtopossessthatskillfullanguage.MyleaphappenedwhenIworkedfortheCairngormsNationalParkAuthority.GuidingmyexplorationsintothisstrangenewlandscapewasNanShepherd.Unlikethegoal-directedmindsetofmanymountaineers,sheisnotconcernedwithpeaksorpersonalbeats.ShepherdseesthemountainasatotalenvironmentandshecelebratestheCaingormsasaplacealivewithplants,rocks,animalsandelements.Throughhergenerousspiritandmyownwanderings,Isawthatrockclimbingneednotbeaprocessoftestingyourselfagainstanything.Rather,theintensityoffocuscouldreleaseyouintoanotherwayofbeing.Spendingsomuchtimeinhighandstonyplaceshaschangedmyviewontheworldandourplaceinit.Ihavecomeintophysicalcontactwithprocessesthatgowaybeyondtheeveryday.Workingwithgravity,geology(地質(zhì)學(xué)),rhythmsofweatheranddeeptime,Igainanactualrelationshipwiththeearth.Thisconnectionliesattheheartofmypassionforrockclimbing.Ireturntotherocks,becausethisiswhereIfeelintouch—withourland.5．Whydoestheauthorlikeclimbing?A．Itchallengeshertocompetewithmen.B．Irallowsherauriqueattitudetowardrock.C．Itteachesherhowtopossessanewlanguage.D．Itmakesherfeelconnectedwiththeworld.6．Whatdoesthewriterfindimportantinclimbing?A．Balance. B．Concentration. C．Determination. D．Curiosity.7．WhatdoesthewriterlearnfromNanShepherd?A．Climbinggoestogetherwithnature.B．Everymountaintopiswithinreach.C．Thebestclimberistheonehavingfun.D．Youcannotachievehighunlessyouchange.8．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inparagrap5referto?A．Time. B．Contact. C．Theworld. D．Myview.三、（2022·廣東·華南師大附中校考一模）Quantum(量子)computershavebeenonmymindalotlately.Afriendhasbeensendingmearticlesonhowquantumcomputersmighthelpsolvesomeofthebiggestchallengeswefaceashumans.I’vealsohadexchangeswithtwoquantum-computingexperts.OneiscomputerscientistChrisJohnsonwhoIseeassomeonewhohelpskeepthefieldhonest.TheotherisphysicistPhilipTaylor.Fordecades,quantumcomputinghasbeenlittlemorethanalaboratorycuriosity.Now,bigtechcompanieshaveinvestedinquantumcomputing,ashavemanysmallerones.AccordingtoBusinessWeekly,quantummachinescouldhelpus“curecancer,andeventakestepstotunclimatechangeintheoppositedirection.”Thisisthesortofhype(炒作)thatannoysJohnson.Heworriesthatresearchersaremakingpromisestheycan’tkeep."What’snew,”Johnsonwrote,“isthatmillionsofdollarsarenowpotentiallyavailabletoquantumcomputingresearchers.”Asquantumcomputingattractsmoreattentionandfunding,researchersmaymisleadinvestors,journalists,thepublicand,worstofall,themselvesabouttheirwork’spotential.Ifresearcherscan’t

keeptheirpromises,excitementmightgivewaytodoubt,disappointmentandanger,Johnsonwarns.Lotsofothertechnologieshavegonethroughstagesofexcitement.Butsomethingaboutquantum

computingmakesitespeciallypronetohype,Johnsonsuggests,perhapsbecause“quantum”standsforsomethingcoolyoushouldn’tbeabletounderstand.AndthatbringsmebacktoTaylor,whosuggestedthatIreadhisbookQforQuantum.AfterIreadthebook,Taylorpatientlyansweredmyquestionsaboutit.HealsoansweredmyquestionsaboutPyQuantum,thefirmheco-foundedin2016.TaylorsharesJohnson’sconcernsabouthype.buthesaysthoseconcernsdonotapplytoPyQuantum.Thecompany,hesays,iscloserthananyotherfirm“byaverylargemargin(幅度)”tobuildinga“useful”quantumcomputer,onethat“solvesanimpactfulproblemthatwewouldnothavebeenabletosolveotherwise.”Headds,“Peoplewillnaturallydiscountmyopinions,butIhavespentalotoftimequantitativelycomparingwhatwearedoingwithothers.”CouldPyQuantumreallybeleadingallthecompetition“byawidemargin”,asTaylorclaims?Idon’tknow.I’mcertainlynotgoingtoadvisemyfriendoranyoneelsetoinvestinquantumcomputers.ButItrustTaylor,justasItrustJohnson.9．HowdoestheauthorfeelsaboutTobnson’sconcerns?A．Approving. B．Unconcerned C．Doubtful. D．Excited.10．WhatleadstoTaylor’soptimismaboutquantumcomputing?A．Hisdominanceinphysics. B．Thecompetitioninthefield.C．HisconfidenceinPyQuantum. D．Theinvestmentoftechcompanies.11．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“prone”inParagraph3mostprobablymean?A．Open. B．Cool. C．Useful. D．Resistant.12．Whichwouldbethebesttideforthepassage?A．IsJohnsonMoreCompetentThanTaylor?B．IsQuantumComputingRedefiningTechnology?C．WillQuantumComputersEverComeintoBeing?D．WillQuantunComputingEverLiveUptoItsHype?四、（2022·江蘇南京·南京市第一中學(xué)?？家荒＃℡oulookupattheskyonaclearanddarknight,you’llseemorestarsthanyoureyescancount.Mostofthesestarshaveplanets,similartoourown,orbitingthem.Withsomanycelestialbodiesfloatingoutinspace,youcan’thelpbutquestionwhetherotherformsoflifeexistintheuniverse.Andifthat’sthecase,isitpossibletocontactthem?Scienceisstillsomewhatdividedonthisissue.Currently,noevidenceexiststosuggestthatintelligentlifeexistselsewhereintheuniverse.Yetwithanestimatedonetrillionplanetsinourgalaxyalone,itseemshighlylikelythatEarthlingsaren’ttheonlyintelligentcreaturesoutthere.Someclaimthatlifecanonlydevelopunderperfectcircumstances,andEarthisperhapstheonlyexampleofthis.Otherscientistsobjecttothisclaim,andpointoutthatevenonEarth,lifecanfindawayunderthemostextremecircumstances.Somepeoplebelievethatalienshavealreadyvisitedourplanet,butthisinformationisbeingkeptsecretbygovernments.ThemostfamousincidentofthiskindoccurredinRoswell,NewMexicoin1947.Onthatdate,manyresidentsreportedseeinganunusualflyingdiscstreakthroughthesky,beforeitcrashedinafield.Whenthemilitaryheardaboutthecrash,theyquicklysealedoffthearea.Afewhourslater,thearmybaseannouncedthatithadrecoveredaflyingdisk.Shortlyafter,thisstatementwasretractedanditwassaidthatitwasaweatherballoonthatcrashed.However,yearslateronelocalmorticianevenclaimedthatthemilitaryhadhimsecretlyperformanautopsyonadeadalienbody.Othersbelievethattherecertainlyareotherlifeformsoutthere,butthedistancebetweenusistoogreat.Evenifwecouldsomehowcreateaspaceshipthattravelsatthespeedoflight,itwouldstillprobablytakeseverallifetimestoreachthem.Thenagain,wemightneverhavetodothisifaliensreachusfirst.13．Whydosomescientiststhinkthereislifeonotherplanets?A．Becauseanunusualflyingdiscwaseverwitnessed.B．BecauselifeexistsdespiteextremeconditionsasthoseontheEarthdo.C．Becausethegovernment’sstatementseemedsuspicious.D．Becausethereareagreatnumberofplanetsintheuniverse.14．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“retracted”inparagraph3mean?A．Examinedagaintoguaranteethecorrectness. B．Emphasizedagaintopersuadepeople.C．Formallytakenbackwhathasbeensaid. D．Seriouslycriticizedduetopoorevidence15．Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthetext?A．Arewealoneintheuniverse? B．Isitpossibletocontactaliens?C．Intelligentlifeintheuniverse. D．Planetsfloatingoutinspace.16．Howdoestheauthorsoundinthepassage?A．Objective. B．Humorous. C．Cautious. D．Anxious.五、（2022·遼寧·校聯(lián)考模擬預(yù)測）Despitetheirendlesssocialactivities,closelypackedurbanenvironmentsoftencomewiththehiddenphenomenonofincreasedloneliness.AccordingtoDr.VivekMurthy,UnitedStatesSurgeonGeneral,theglobal“l(fā)onelinessepidemic”isanoverlookedconsequenceofurbanlivingthatcarriesseriousrisks,associatedwithheartdisease,depression,anxiety,anddementia.Whiletherearemanywaystoovercomeloneliness,suchasredesigningurbanarchitecturetohelpfacilitatesocialinteractionsormakingiteasierforpeopletoownpets,anewstudyalsorecommendsaddingnatureintothemix.Thefindings,publishedinthejournalScientificReports,followsareviewofassessmentsprovidedbymorethan750U.K.residentswhovolunteeredtouseacustom—builtsmartphoneappfortwoweeks.Theparticipantswerequestionedrandomlythreetimesadayusingatechniquecalledan“ecologicalmomentaryassessment”.Inadditiontoquestionsaboutovercrowdingandsocialinclusion(融入),thevolunteerswereaskedabouttheirnaturalsurroundings,suchas“Canyouseetrees,plantsandwaterrightnow?”Feelingsof“momentaryloneliness”werethenrankedonafive-pointscale.Accordingtothemorethan16,600assessmentsreceived,overcrowdedenvironmentsincreasedfeelingsoflonelinessbyashocking38%,regardlessofage,gender,educationlevel,oroccupation.Whenpeoplewereabletointeractwithgreenspacesorhearbirdsorseethesky,however,lonelinessdroppedby28%.Socialinclusivity,definedbytheresearchteamasfeelingwelcomedbyagrouporsharingsimilarvalues,alsodroppedlonelinessby21%.Thesefindingsappeartocorrelate(聯(lián)系)withpreviousresearchintothementalbenefitsofwalkingthroughnaturalareas.JohannaGibbons,leaderoftheresearchteam,furtherindicatesthathigh-qualitygreenandbluespacessuchasparksandriversindenseurbanareas,whichisoftenviewedasakeyweaponinthefightagainstclimatechange,canalsobecriticalinimprovingourownwell—beingandreducingfeelingsofisolation.Shesaid,“Ibelievedeepinoursouls,therearereallydeepconnectionswithnaturalforces.”17．Whatproblemisdiscussedinparagraph1?A．Urbanlivinglackssocialconnection.B．Lonelinessisagrowingthreatincities.C．Moderncitiesaregettingovercrowded.D．Agingpopulationarefacingmorerisks.18．Whatdidthesocialsurveyfocuson?A．Howlonelinessaffectedpeopleofallages.B．Whattherootofthelonelinessincitieswas.C．Howhi-technologyimprovedpeople’slives.D．Whatpeople’sfavoritelivingsurroundingswere.19．Whatmighthelpdealwithurbanlonelinessaccordingtothenewsurvey?A．Alifeexperienceinnature. B．Lowratesofsocialactivities.C．Anovercrowdedenvironment. D．Adesignofurbanarchitecture.20．Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A．Playinghardisharmfultomentalhealth.B．Peopleingreenspacesmaybemorecheerful.C．Globalwarmingchangesourcharacteristics.D．Everythingisconnectedwithnaturalforces.一、（2021·全國·高考真題）Whoisagenius?Thisquestionhasgreatlyinterestedhumankindforcenturies.Let’sstateclearly:Einsteinwasagenius.Hisfaceisalmosttheinternationalsymbolforgenius.Butwewanttogobeyondonemanandexplorethenatureofgeniusitself.Whyisitthatsomepeoplearesomuchmoreintelligentorcreativethantherestofus?Andwhoarethey?Inthesciencesandarts,thosepraisedasgeniusesweremostoftenwhitemen,ofEuropeanorigin.Perhapsthisisnotasurprise.It’ssaidthathistoryiswrittenbythevictors,andthosevictorssetthestandardsforadmissiontothegeniusclub.Whencontributionsweremadebygeniusesoutsidetheclub—women,orpeopleofadifferentcolororbelief—theywereunacknowledgedandrejectedbyothers.AstudyrecentlypublishedbySciencefoundthatasyoungasagesix,girlsarelesslikelythanboystosaythatmembersoftheirgender(性別)are“really,reallysmart.”Evenworse,thestudyfoundthatgirlsactonthatbelief:Aroundagesixtheystarttoavoidactivitiessaidtobeforchildrenwhoare“really,reallysmart.”Canourplanetaffordtohaveanygreatthinkersbecomediscouragedandgiveup?Itdoesn’ttakeageniustoknowtheanswer:absolutelynot.Here’sthegoodnews.Inawiredworldwithconstantglobalcommunication,we’reallpositionedtoseeflashesofgeniuswherevertheyappear.Andthemorewelook,themorewewillseethatsocialfactors(因素)likegender,race,andclassdonotdeterminetheappearanceofgenius.Asawritersays,futuregeniusescomefromthosewith“intelligence,creativity,perseverance(毅力),andsimplegoodfortune,whoareabletochangetheworld.”1．Whatdoestheauthorthinkofvictors’standardsforjoiningthegeniusclub?A．They’reunfair. B．They’reconservative.C．They’reobjective. D．They’restrict.2．WhatcanweinferaboutgirlsfromthestudyinScience?A．Theythinkthemselvessmart.B．Theylookuptogreatthinkers.C．Theyseegenderdifferencesearlierthanboys.D．Theyarelikelytobeinfluencedbysocialbeliefs3．Whyaremoregeniusesknowntothepublic?A．Improvedglobalcommunication.B．Lessdiscriminationagainstwomen.C．Acceptanceofvictors’concepts.D．Changesinpeople’ssocialpositions.4．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．GeniusesThinkAlike B．GeniusTakesManyFormsC．GeniusandIntelligence D．GeniusandLuck二、（2022·北京·高考真題）Quantum(量子)computershavebeenonmymindalotlately.Afriendhasbeensendingmearticlesonhowquantumcomputersmighthelpsolvesomeofthebiggestchallengeswefaceashumans.I’vealsohadexchangeswithtwoquantum-computingexperts.OneiscomputerscientistChrisJohnsonwhoIseeassomeonewhohelpskeepthefieldhonest.TheotherisphysicistPhilipTaylor.Fordecades,quantumcomputinghasbeenlittlemorethanalaboratorycuriosity.Now,bigtechcompanieshaveinvestedinquantumcomputing,ashavemanysmallerones.AccordingtoBusinessWeekly,quantummachinescouldhelpus“curecancer,andeventakestepstoturnclimatechangeintheoppositedirection.”Thisisthesortofhype(炒作)thatannoysJohnson.Heworriesthatresearchersaremaking