2024-2025學(xué)年新教材高中英語(yǔ)Unit2Onwardsandupwards泛讀知識(shí)細(xì)解碼學(xué)案外研版選擇性必修第一冊(cè)

PAGEUnit2Onwardsandupwards1．informv．通知，告知→informationn．信息2．rareadj.罕見的；稀有的→rarelyadv.很少，難得3．rejectv．拒絕，推翻→rejectionn．拒絕，推翻4．perseverev．鍥而不舍，堅(jiān)持不懈→perseverancen．毅力；堅(jiān)持5．criticn．指責(zé)者→criticaladj.指責(zé)的→criticizev．指責(zé)，挑剔→criticismn．指責(zé)；指責(zé)6．delightn．使人興奮的事→delightedadj.興奮的；開心的→delightfuladj.令人開心的，討人寵愛的7．debtn．債務(wù)，欠款→debtorn．債務(wù)人guaranteen．保證；保證書；擔(dān)保；擔(dān)保人；抵押品v.保證；確保1．Wealthisnotalwaysaguaranteeofhappiness. n.保證2．Heputuphishouseasaguarantee. n.抵押品3．IguaranteeIcanbeanexcellentvolunteerandservevisitorswell. v.保證WordsandPhrase學(xué)問要點(diǎn)1debtn．債務(wù)，欠款(教材P13)Whenthefundsarelowandthedebtsarehigh，...當(dāng)資金少而債務(wù)多的時(shí)候，……[例]HewassogoodtomethatIcanneverrepaythedebtIowehim.他對(duì)我太好了，我恒久也還不清這份人情。[學(xué)問拓展]indebt 負(fù)債(狀態(tài))beinheavydebt 負(fù)債累累beoutofdebt 不欠債(狀態(tài))go/get/runintodebt 負(fù)債(動(dòng)作)payoffallthedebts 還清債務(wù)(動(dòng)作)beinsb.'sdebt＝beindebttosb. 欠某人的人情債； 受某人的恩惠；感謝某人[即學(xué)即練]單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子①Nearlyhalfthecollegestudentssaidtheywereindebt.②It'smucheasiertogetintodebtthangetoutofdebt.③IfImakegoodmoneythistime，I'llpayoffallmydebtsfirst.假如這次能掙大錢，我就先還清全部債務(wù)。[小片段填空]Mikehadbeenindebtformanyyears，butheworkedharddayandnightandmanagedtogetoutofdebt.However，hisfatherfellseriouslyillsuddenlyandMikeranintodebttosavehisfather.Mikefelthelplessashedidn'tknowhowtopayoffthedebts，Mr.Whiteofferedhimagoodjobtohelphim，soMikeoftensaidtoMr.White，“IwillalwaysrememberyourkindnessandI'mforeverinyourdebt.”學(xué)問要點(diǎn)2pacen．速度；進(jìn)度；步速；節(jié)奏(教材P13)Don'tgiveupthoughthepaceseemsslow...盡管進(jìn)度好像很慢，但不要放棄……[例]Iprefertherelaxedpaceoflifeinthecountry.我寵愛鄉(xiāng)間那悠然的生活節(jié)奏。[學(xué)問拓展]atone'sownpace 以某人自己的速度keeppacewith 跟上，(與……)并駕齊驅(qū)； (與……)步調(diào)一樣setthepace 定步速；起帶頭作用thepaceoflife 生活節(jié)奏paceupanddown 來(lái)回踱步[即學(xué)即練]單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子①Studentsstudyattheirownpaceandtheteachersseldomsettests.②Untilnow，wageincreaseshavealwayskeptpacewithinflation.③Hepacedupanddown，waitingforthedoctortocall.他踱來(lái)踱去，等著醫(yī)生的電話。學(xué)問要點(diǎn)3(教材P14)“Weregrettoinformyou...”“我們很缺憾地通知你……”(1)regretv．&n．缺憾；懊悔[例]“IregrettoinformCanberransthatwehaveourfirstcaseofCOVID-19intheterritory，”Barrsaidatapressconference.巴爾在新聞發(fā)布會(huì)上說(shuō)：“我很缺憾地通知Canberrans，我們?cè)谠摰貐^(qū)發(fā)覺了第一例新型冠狀病毒肺炎感染者?！盵學(xué)問拓展]regrettodosth. 對(duì)要做的某事感到缺憾(todo的詳細(xì)形式通常是inform、say、tell的不定式)regretdoing/havingdonesth. 懊悔做過(guò)某事(已經(jīng)做了)regret＋that從句 很缺憾……(much)toone'sregret 令人(特別)缺憾的是withregret 缺憾地expressregretat/about/for 對(duì)……表示缺憾[即學(xué)即練]單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子①Idon'tregrettelling/havingtold(tell)herwhatIthought.②Iregrettotell(tell)youthatyouhavefailedagainintheexamination.③Weinformedherwithregretofourdecision.④Weregretthatweareunabletoreconsideryourcase.我們很缺憾無(wú)法重新考慮你的狀況。[小片段填空]Iregrettedtotell(tell)herthatshehadbeendismissed.Muchtomyregret，shesaidtome，“Ihavenoregret.Ionlyregrettaking/havingtaken(take)thewrongjob.”(2)informv．通知，告知[例]Ifyouthreatenmeoruseanyforce，Ishallinformthepolice.你要是威逼我或是動(dòng)武，我就報(bào)警。[學(xué)問拓展](1)informsb.ofsth. 通知某人某事informsb.that... 告知某人……(2)informedadj. 了解狀況的；有見識(shí)的；有學(xué)問的keepsb.informedofsth. 使某人知道某事； 隨時(shí)報(bào)告某人某事(3)informationn. 信息(不行數(shù))[即學(xué)即練]單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子①Thanksforinformingusofthechangeintheschedulesothatwecanmakenecessaryadjustments.②Ihopeyouwillkeepusinformed(inform)ofhowyouaregettingonwithyourwork.③Theyhaveboughtsomegardeningtoolsandoftengetsomeusefulinformation(inform)fromtheInternet.④Hehasbeeninformedthathedoesn'tqualifyforthescholarshipbecauseofhisacademicbackground.他已經(jīng)被告知，因?yàn)榻袒尘八痪邆浍@得獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金的資格。學(xué)問要點(diǎn)4rarelyadv.很少，難得(教材P14)Everyoneknowsthatsuccessrarelyhappensovernight...每個(gè)人都知道勝利很少在一夜之間發(fā)生……[例]Ioftendealwithcustomersonthephoneandrarelymeetthemface-to-face.我常常用電話和客戶打交道，很少和他們見面。[學(xué)問拓展]rareadj. 稀有的，希奇的；寶貴的itisrare(forsb.)todosth. (某人)難得做某事，(某人)很少做某事[即學(xué)即練]單句語(yǔ)法填空/句型轉(zhuǎn)換①It'sapparentlyrareforanyonetohave(have)twolegsthesamelength.②Tomisanhonestboy.Rarely(rare)doeshefailtokeephispromise.③Adebaterarelyattractedsomuchmediaattention.→Rarelydidadebateattractsomuchmediaattention.(倒裝句)[名師點(diǎn)津]rarely是具有否定意義的副詞，位于句首時(shí)，句子往往要部分倒裝，即把句中的助動(dòng)詞、系動(dòng)詞等移至主語(yǔ)之前，有類似用法的詞還有never、little、seldom、hardly、nor等。學(xué)問要點(diǎn)5havesth.incommon(withsb.orsth.)與……有(想法、愛好、特征等)相同之處(教材P14)Whenshereceivedherfirstrejectionletter，shedecidedthatitmeantshenowhadsomethingincommonwithherfavouritewriters...當(dāng)她收到第一封拒絕信時(shí)，她認(rèn)為這意味著她現(xiàn)在和她最寵愛的作家有了共同點(diǎn)……[例]Weareattractedbyeachother，becausewehavesomethingincommon.我們惺惺相惜，是因?yàn)槲覀冇泄餐?。[學(xué)問拓展]havenothingincommon 無(wú)共同之處havelittleincommon 幾乎無(wú)共同之處havealotincommon 有很多共同之處incommonwith 和……一樣；和……有共同之處[即學(xué)即練]單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子①Whatalltheinventorshaveincommonisthattheyarecuriousaboutthethingsaround.②Incommonwithothernewmothers，Ifinditdifficulttobalancemycareerwithmotherhood.③Theyaretwinsisters，buttheyhavenothingincommon．她們是雙胞胎姐妹，但她們毫無(wú)共同之處。學(xué)問要點(diǎn)6turndown調(diào)小(聲音等)；拒絕(教材P14)Iwasn'tgoingtogiveupuntileverysinglepublisherturnedmedown...在每個(gè)出版商拒絕我之前，我不會(huì)放棄……[例]Shecouldnotbeartheendlessmusicandturneddownthevolume.她受不了沒完沒了的音樂，就把音量調(diào)小了。[學(xué)問拓展]turnup 出現(xiàn)；到場(chǎng)；開大，調(diào)高(音量、熱量等)turnaround/round 轉(zhuǎn)身turnout 證明是；結(jié)果是turnto 轉(zhuǎn)向；求助于turnover 翻轉(zhuǎn)；移交turnon/off 打開/關(guān)閉(開關(guān))[即學(xué)即練]單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子①Hesaidhewasadoctor；butlaterheturnedouttobeacheat.②Tomysurprise，hefailedtoturnup．③Asheturnedaround/round，hewassurprisedtoseethatthemanhaddisappeared.④PleasetellTomnottoleavetheclassroomunlesshemakessurethatallthelightsareturned(turn)off.⑤Tomhadtoturndowntheinvitationtothepartylastweekendbecausehewastoobusy.上個(gè)周末，湯姆不得不拒絕參與宴會(huì)的邀請(qǐng)，因?yàn)樗α?。學(xué)問要點(diǎn)7guaranteev．保證；確保；保障n.保證；保證書(教材P15)So，itseemsthattalentaloneisn'tenoughtoguaranteesuccess.所以，好像光靠天賦不足以保證勝利。[例1]Iguaranteethatifyoutakethismedicine，you'llsoongetwell.我保證你吃了這藥很快就會(huì)好。[例2]Afamousoldnameonafirmisnotnecessarilyaguaranteeofquality.公司悠久的品牌并不能確保商品的質(zhì)量。[學(xué)問拓展](1)guaranteesb.sth.(＝ensuresb.sth.) 保證某人得到某物guaranteetodosth. 保證做某事guarantee＋that從句 確保……guaranteesth.forsometime 對(duì)……保修多久(2)givesb.aguarantee＋that從句 向某人保證……underguarantee 在保修期內(nèi)[即學(xué)即練]單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子①Weshouldpayattentiontosmalldetails，whichcanguaranteetosucceed(succeed)intheend.②Ifthereshouldbesomethingwrongwiththecamerawhileitisstillunderguarantee，wewouldrepairitatourexpense.③Iguaranteetobeheretomorrow.我保證明天來(lái)這里。學(xué)問要點(diǎn)8delightedadj.興奮的，開心的(教材P15)Wearedelightedtoinformyou...我們很興奮地通知你……[例]Iwasdelightedtobeabletoeatmyfavoritedishestomyheart'scontent.我很興奮能夠大快朵頤地吃我最寵愛的菜。[學(xué)問拓展](1)bedelightedat/by... 由于……而興奮bedelightedwith... 對(duì)……感到興奮/滿足bedelightedtodosth. 很興奮做某事bedelighted＋that從句 很興奮……(2)delightv. (使)開心n. 興奮/歡樂的事toone'sdelight 令某人興奮的是……(3)delightfuladj. 令人歡樂的，討人寵愛的[即學(xué)即練]單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子①Iamalwaysdelightedtoreceive(receive)yourletters.②Itisatrulydelightful(delight)placewithwindingstreetsandprettycottages.③Toourdelight，varietiesofbirdsintheforestareontheincrease.④Sophiehasmovedtothecountrysideandsheisdelightedwithhernewhome.索菲亞已經(jīng)搬到鄉(xiāng)下住了，她對(duì)新家很滿足。[小片段填空]Today，apieceofgoodnewsdelighted(delight)Lily.Whenclassbegan，themathsteacherwasdelightedtotell(tell)thewholeclass.“Tomydelight，theresultsofthetestareexcellent，andLilygetsfullmarks.Thisisadelightful(delight)result；nextLilywillshareherexperiencewithus.”SentencePatterns重點(diǎn)句式1“havesth.done”結(jié)構(gòu)(教材P14)EmilyBront?hadtopaytohaveherpoetrypublished．艾米莉·勃朗特不得不花錢出版她的詩(shī)集。句式分析：“havesth.done”結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“使某事被做”。publish與herpoetry之間為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。[例]Youshouldunderstandthetrafficrulebynow.We'vehaditexplainedenoughtoyou.到現(xiàn)在你應(yīng)當(dāng)理解這條交通規(guī)則了吧，我們已經(jīng)給你說(shuō)明得夠多了。[學(xué)問拓展](1)“havesth.done”結(jié)構(gòu)中，have為使役動(dòng)詞，意為“使，讓”?！癶avesth.done”結(jié)構(gòu)可表示三種含義：a．(主語(yǔ))請(qǐng)/派別人完成某事。b．(主語(yǔ))完成某事。c．(主語(yǔ))遭遇某種不幸的狀況。(2)havesb.dosth.讓某人做某事。賓語(yǔ)sb.與do構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。(3)havesb./sth.doingsth.讓某人/某物始終做某事，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作始終在持續(xù)。賓語(yǔ)sb./sth.與do構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。[即學(xué)即練]單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子①Joehadmefind(find)acarforhim.②I'msorrytohaveyouwaiting(wait)heresolong.③Ihadmywatchstolen(steal)lastnight.④BeforeyoucamebackIhadhadallmymistakescorrected(把全部的錯(cuò)誤都改正過(guò)來(lái)了)．⑤Ihadmylegbroken(我的一條腿摔斷了)whenIgotoffthebus.重點(diǎn)句式2Itseemsthat...(教材P15)So，itseemsthattalentaloneisn'tenoughtoguaranteesuccess.所以，好像光靠天賦并不足以保證勝利。句式分析：“Itseems＋that從句”，其中it是形式主語(yǔ)，that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句。[例]ItseemstomethatMr.Brownwillnotcomeagain.在我看來(lái)，布朗先生不會(huì)再來(lái)了。[學(xué)問拓展]除了“Itseems＋that從句”結(jié)構(gòu)，seem還常用于下列句式：(1)“主語(yǔ)＋seem(s)＋(tobe)＋表語(yǔ)”，表語(yǔ)多為名詞或形容詞，有時(shí)是其他的詞或短語(yǔ)，以說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的特征或狀態(tài)。(2)“主語(yǔ)＋seem(s)＋不定式”，此句型中的seem與不定式一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)。(3)“There＋seem(s)tobe＋名詞”，其中tobe可省略。seem的單復(fù)數(shù)形式要依據(jù)后面作主語(yǔ)的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式確定。[即學(xué)即練]單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子①Hermindseemedtobewandering(wander)andshedidn'trecognizeus.②Sheseemedtohaveforgotten(forget)herpromise.③Theredoesn'tseemtobemuchhopeofourbeatingthatteam.④Exceptforoneminordisease，heseemedtobeinexcellenthealth(好像特別健康)．⑤Thechildrenseemedtobeeating(好像正在吃)somethingintheroom.重點(diǎn)句式3祈使句＋連詞＋陳述句(教材P15)Keeptryingandeventuallyyouwillreadthewords“Wearedelightedtoinformyou...”接著努力，最終你會(huì)讀到“我們很興奮地通知你……”句式分析：本句是“祈使句＋連詞＋陳述句”句式，其中祈使句表示條件。[例]Comeearly，andyou'llseeZhongNanshan.早點(diǎn)來(lái)，你會(huì)見到鐘南山的。[學(xué)問拓展]“祈使句＋連詞＋陳述句”句型的詳細(xì)形式：(1)祈使句＋and＋陳述句(2)祈使句＋or(else)/otherwise＋陳述句留意：(1)中還有以下兩種改變形式：①祈使句＋破折號(hào)＋陳述句②名詞詞組(通常含有more、another、further等詞)＋and＋陳述句[即學(xué)即練]完成句子/同義句轉(zhuǎn)換①Trysomeofthisjuice—perhapsyou'lllikeit(或許你會(huì)寵愛的)．②Hurryup，oryou'llbelateagain(否則你會(huì)又遲到的)．③Workhardandyouwillmakeprogress.→Ifyouworkhard，you'llmakeprogress.④Let'skeeptothepoint，orwewillneverreachanydecisions.→Unlesswekeeptothepoint/Ifwedon'tkeeptothepoint，wewillneverreachanydecisions.⑤Onemoreweek，andwewillaccomplishthetask.→Giveusonemoreweek，andwewillaccomplishthetask.→Ifwehaveonemoreweek/Ifyougiveusonemoreweek，wewillaccomplishthetask.1．(教材P14)Theresponsefromapublishercomesbackandthewritereagerlyopensandreadsit，theirheartssinkingwhentheyreachthatfinalsentence.[分析]本句為復(fù)合句。theirheartssinking為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中作狀語(yǔ)；whentheyreachthatfinalsentence為when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。[譯文]出版商的答復(fù)回來(lái)了，作者急迫地綻開閱讀，當(dāng)他們讀到最終一句時(shí)，他們的心沉了下來(lái)。2．(教材P15)Infact，itiswithinthepagesofJaneEyrethatwecanfindthesewords：“Ihonourendurance，perseverance，industry，talent；becausethesearethemeansbywhichmenachievegreatends...”[分析]本句為復(fù)合句。itiswithinthepagesofJaneEyrethatwecanfindthesewords是強(qiáng)調(diào)句，強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語(yǔ)withinthepagesofJaneEyre；干脆引語(yǔ)中，because引導(dǎo)緣由狀語(yǔ)從句，bywhich引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞means。[譯文]事實(shí)上，正是在《簡(jiǎn)·愛》這本書里，我們能夠找到這些話：“我尊崇忍耐力、毅力、勤奮和才能；因?yàn)檫@些是人們實(shí)現(xiàn)宏大目標(biāo)所憑借的手段……”教材高考1.Whenthefundsarelowandthedebtsarehigh...(2024·天津卷)Mostofhisadultlifehasbeenalosingstruggleagainstdebtandmisfortune.2.Don'tgiveupthoughthepaceseemsslow...(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Accordingtomostcalculations，racewalkersmovingatapaceofsixmilesperhourwouldburnabout800calories(卡路里)perhour...3.Weregrettoinformyou...(2024·天津卷)Oncethebookyou'verequestedisdeliveredtothenearestbranch，theywillinformyoubye-mail，soyoucanpickitup.4.So，itseemsthattalentaloneisn'tenoughtoguaranteesuccess.(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Datasecuritymeasuresareguaranteed.Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Nowthatmanychangeshavetakenplace，weshouldkeeppacewiththechangestoo.2．Wewerepoorbutwenevergotintodebt.3．Theywererarely(rare)seentogetherandcertainlydidnottraveltogether.4．Feelingratherhurt，Istruggledtounderstandthisrejection(reject)．5．Heistryingtoshelterhisstudentfromcriticism(criticize)．6．Gothere，andyouareguaranteedtoenjoy(enjoy)thesightsintheirnaturalstate.7．Iregrettosay(say)itisnotalwayseasytodotherightthing.8．Comparingthem，youwillfindthereissomethingincommonbetweenthem.9．AuntLucyisalwaysturningupwithoutwarningandbringinguspresents.10．Mr.Huangwillplayaleadingpartinthemovement.Ⅱ.短語(yǔ)填空regretto，takeforexample，have...incommon，stick...on，atouchof，turndown，atotalof，playapart1．Ifyoulike，stickapictureofthecountryonthecover.2．Hewasdisappointedtofindhissuggestionsturneddown．3．Thosetwobrothersnotonlylookalike，butalsotheyhavealotincommon．4．Communicationalongwithinformationindustryplaysanimportantpartinmoderntimes.5．Honey，IregrettosayIcan'tgototheget-togethertonight.I'mtiredout.6．There