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PAGEUnit2Onwardsandupwards1.informv.通知,告知→informationn.信息2.rareadj.罕見的;稀有的→rarelyadv.很少,難得3.rejectv.拒絕,推翻→rejectionn.拒絕,推翻4.perseverev.鍥而不舍,堅持不懈→perseverancen.毅力;堅持5.criticn.指責(zé)者→criticaladj.指責(zé)的→criticizev.指責(zé),挑剔→criticismn.指責(zé);指責(zé)6.delightn.使人興奮的事→delightedadj.興奮的;開心的→delightfuladj.令人開心的,討人寵愛的7.debtn.債務(wù),欠款→debtorn.債務(wù)人guaranteen.保證;保證書;擔(dān)保;擔(dān)保人;抵押品v.保證;確保1.Wealthisnotalwaysaguaranteeofhappiness. n.保證2.Heputuphishouseasaguarantee. n.抵押品3.IguaranteeIcanbeanexcellentvolunteerandservevisitorswell. v.保證WordsandPhrase學(xué)問要點1debtn.債務(wù),欠款(教材P13)Whenthefundsarelowandthedebtsarehigh,...當(dāng)資金少而債務(wù)多的時候,……[例]HewassogoodtomethatIcanneverrepaythedebtIowehim.他對我太好了,我恒久也還不清這份人情。[學(xué)問拓展]indebt 負(fù)債(狀態(tài))beinheavydebt 負(fù)債累累beoutofdebt 不欠債(狀態(tài))go/get/runintodebt 負(fù)債(動作)payoffallthedebts 還清債務(wù)(動作)beinsb.'sdebt=beindebttosb. 欠某人的人情債; 受某人的恩惠;感謝某人[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空/完成句子①Nearlyhalfthecollegestudentssaidtheywereindebt.②It'smucheasiertogetintodebtthangetoutofdebt.③IfImakegoodmoneythistime,I'llpayoffallmydebtsfirst.假如這次能掙大錢,我就先還清全部債務(wù)。[小片段填空]Mikehadbeenindebtformanyyears,butheworkedharddayandnightandmanagedtogetoutofdebt.However,hisfatherfellseriouslyillsuddenlyandMikeranintodebttosavehisfather.Mikefelthelplessashedidn'tknowhowtopayoffthedebts,Mr.Whiteofferedhimagoodjobtohelphim,soMikeoftensaidtoMr.White,“IwillalwaysrememberyourkindnessandI'mforeverinyourdebt.”學(xué)問要點2pacen.速度;進(jìn)度;步速;節(jié)奏(教材P13)Don'tgiveupthoughthepaceseemsslow...盡管進(jìn)度好像很慢,但不要放棄……[例]Iprefertherelaxedpaceoflifeinthecountry.我寵愛鄉(xiāng)間那悠然的生活節(jié)奏。[學(xué)問拓展]atone'sownpace 以某人自己的速度keeppacewith 跟上,(與……)并駕齊驅(qū); (與……)步調(diào)一樣setthepace 定步速;起帶頭作用thepaceoflife 生活節(jié)奏paceupanddown 來回踱步[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空/完成句子①Studentsstudyattheirownpaceandtheteachersseldomsettests.②Untilnow,wageincreaseshavealwayskeptpacewithinflation.③Hepacedupanddown,waitingforthedoctortocall.他踱來踱去,等著醫(yī)生的電話。學(xué)問要點3(教材P14)“Weregrettoinformyou...”“我們很缺憾地通知你……”(1)regretv.&n.缺憾;懊悔[例]“IregrettoinformCanberransthatwehaveourfirstcaseofCOVID-19intheterritory,”Barrsaidatapressconference.巴爾在新聞發(fā)布會上說:“我很缺憾地通知Canberrans,我們在該地區(qū)發(fā)覺了第一例新型冠狀病毒肺炎感染者?!盵學(xué)問拓展]regrettodosth. 對要做的某事感到缺憾(todo的詳細(xì)形式通常是inform、say、tell的不定式)regretdoing/havingdonesth. 懊悔做過某事(已經(jīng)做了)regret+that從句 很缺憾……(much)toone'sregret 令人(特別)缺憾的是withregret 缺憾地expressregretat/about/for 對……表示缺憾[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空/完成句子①Idon'tregrettelling/havingtold(tell)herwhatIthought.②Iregrettotell(tell)youthatyouhavefailedagainintheexamination.③Weinformedherwithregretofourdecision.④Weregretthatweareunabletoreconsideryourcase.我們很缺憾無法重新考慮你的狀況。[小片段填空]Iregrettedtotell(tell)herthatshehadbeendismissed.Muchtomyregret,shesaidtome,“Ihavenoregret.Ionlyregrettaking/havingtaken(take)thewrongjob.”(2)informv.通知,告知[例]Ifyouthreatenmeoruseanyforce,Ishallinformthepolice.你要是威逼我或是動武,我就報警。[學(xué)問拓展](1)informsb.ofsth. 通知某人某事informsb.that... 告知某人……(2)informedadj. 了解狀況的;有見識的;有學(xué)問的keepsb.informedofsth. 使某人知道某事; 隨時報告某人某事(3)informationn. 信息(不行數(shù))[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空/完成句子①Thanksforinformingusofthechangeintheschedulesothatwecanmakenecessaryadjustments.②Ihopeyouwillkeepusinformed(inform)ofhowyouaregettingonwithyourwork.③Theyhaveboughtsomegardeningtoolsandoftengetsomeusefulinformation(inform)fromtheInternet.④Hehasbeeninformedthathedoesn'tqualifyforthescholarshipbecauseofhisacademicbackground.他已經(jīng)被告知,因為教化背景他不具備獲得獎學(xué)金的資格。學(xué)問要點4rarelyadv.很少,難得(教材P14)Everyoneknowsthatsuccessrarelyhappensovernight...每個人都知道勝利很少在一夜之間發(fā)生……[例]Ioftendealwithcustomersonthephoneandrarelymeetthemface-to-face.我常常用電話和客戶打交道,很少和他們見面。[學(xué)問拓展]rareadj. 稀有的,希奇的;寶貴的itisrare(forsb.)todosth. (某人)難得做某事,(某人)很少做某事[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空/句型轉(zhuǎn)換①It'sapparentlyrareforanyonetohave(have)twolegsthesamelength.②Tomisanhonestboy.Rarely(rare)doeshefailtokeephispromise.③Adebaterarelyattractedsomuchmediaattention.→Rarelydidadebateattractsomuchmediaattention.(倒裝句)[名師點津]rarely是具有否定意義的副詞,位于句首時,句子往往要部分倒裝,即把句中的助動詞、系動詞等移至主語之前,有類似用法的詞還有never、little、seldom、hardly、nor等。學(xué)問要點5havesth.incommon(withsb.orsth.)與……有(想法、愛好、特征等)相同之處(教材P14)Whenshereceivedherfirstrejectionletter,shedecidedthatitmeantshenowhadsomethingincommonwithherfavouritewriters...當(dāng)她收到第一封拒絕信時,她認(rèn)為這意味著她現(xiàn)在和她最寵愛的作家有了共同點……[例]Weareattractedbyeachother,becausewehavesomethingincommon.我們惺惺相惜,是因為我們有共同之處。[學(xué)問拓展]havenothingincommon 無共同之處havelittleincommon 幾乎無共同之處havealotincommon 有很多共同之處incommonwith 和……一樣;和……有共同之處[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空/完成句子①Whatalltheinventorshaveincommonisthattheyarecuriousaboutthethingsaround.②Incommonwithothernewmothers,Ifinditdifficulttobalancemycareerwithmotherhood.③Theyaretwinsisters,buttheyhavenothingincommon.她們是雙胞胎姐妹,但她們毫無共同之處。學(xué)問要點6turndown調(diào)小(聲音等);拒絕(教材P14)Iwasn'tgoingtogiveupuntileverysinglepublisherturnedmedown...在每個出版商拒絕我之前,我不會放棄……[例]Shecouldnotbeartheendlessmusicandturneddownthevolume.她受不了沒完沒了的音樂,就把音量調(diào)小了。[學(xué)問拓展]turnup 出現(xiàn);到場;開大,調(diào)高(音量、熱量等)turnaround/round 轉(zhuǎn)身turnout 證明是;結(jié)果是turnto 轉(zhuǎn)向;求助于turnover 翻轉(zhuǎn);移交turnon/off 打開/關(guān)閉(開關(guān))[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空/完成句子①Hesaidhewasadoctor;butlaterheturnedouttobeacheat.②Tomysurprise,hefailedtoturnup.③Asheturnedaround/round,hewassurprisedtoseethatthemanhaddisappeared.④PleasetellTomnottoleavetheclassroomunlesshemakessurethatallthelightsareturned(turn)off.⑤Tomhadtoturndowntheinvitationtothepartylastweekendbecausehewastoobusy.上個周末,湯姆不得不拒絕參與宴會的邀請,因為他太忙了。學(xué)問要點7guaranteev.保證;確保;保障n.保證;保證書(教材P15)So,itseemsthattalentaloneisn'tenoughtoguaranteesuccess.所以,好像光靠天賦不足以保證勝利。[例1]Iguaranteethatifyoutakethismedicine,you'llsoongetwell.我保證你吃了這藥很快就會好。[例2]Afamousoldnameonafirmisnotnecessarilyaguaranteeofquality.公司悠久的品牌并不能確保商品的質(zhì)量。[學(xué)問拓展](1)guaranteesb.sth.(=ensuresb.sth.) 保證某人得到某物guaranteetodosth. 保證做某事guarantee+that從句 確?!璯uaranteesth.forsometime 對……保修多久(2)givesb.aguarantee+that從句 向某人保證……underguarantee 在保修期內(nèi)[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空/完成句子①Weshouldpayattentiontosmalldetails,whichcanguaranteetosucceed(succeed)intheend.②Ifthereshouldbesomethingwrongwiththecamerawhileitisstillunderguarantee,wewouldrepairitatourexpense.③Iguaranteetobeheretomorrow.我保證明天來這里。學(xué)問要點8delightedadj.興奮的,開心的(教材P15)Wearedelightedtoinformyou...我們很興奮地通知你……[例]Iwasdelightedtobeabletoeatmyfavoritedishestomyheart'scontent.我很興奮能夠大快朵頤地吃我最寵愛的菜。[學(xué)問拓展](1)bedelightedat/by... 由于……而興奮bedelightedwith... 對……感到興奮/滿足bedelightedtodosth. 很興奮做某事bedelighted+that從句 很興奮……(2)delightv. (使)開心n. 興奮/歡樂的事toone'sdelight 令某人興奮的是……(3)delightfuladj. 令人歡樂的,討人寵愛的[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空/完成句子①Iamalwaysdelightedtoreceive(receive)yourletters.②Itisatrulydelightful(delight)placewithwindingstreetsandprettycottages.③Toourdelight,varietiesofbirdsintheforestareontheincrease.④Sophiehasmovedtothecountrysideandsheisdelightedwithhernewhome.索菲亞已經(jīng)搬到鄉(xiāng)下住了,她對新家很滿足。[小片段填空]Today,apieceofgoodnewsdelighted(delight)Lily.Whenclassbegan,themathsteacherwasdelightedtotell(tell)thewholeclass.“Tomydelight,theresultsofthetestareexcellent,andLilygetsfullmarks.Thisisadelightful(delight)result;nextLilywillshareherexperiencewithus.”SentencePatterns重點句式1“havesth.done”結(jié)構(gòu)(教材P14)EmilyBront?hadtopaytohaveherpoetrypublished.艾米莉·勃朗特不得不花錢出版她的詩集。句式分析:“havesth.done”結(jié)構(gòu),意為“使某事被做”。publish與herpoetry之間為邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系。[例]Youshouldunderstandthetrafficrulebynow.We'vehaditexplainedenoughtoyou.到現(xiàn)在你應(yīng)當(dāng)理解這條交通規(guī)則了吧,我們已經(jīng)給你說明得夠多了。[學(xué)問拓展](1)“havesth.done”結(jié)構(gòu)中,have為使役動詞,意為“使,讓”?!癶avesth.done”結(jié)構(gòu)可表示三種含義:a.(主語)請/派別人完成某事。b.(主語)完成某事。c.(主語)遭遇某種不幸的狀況。(2)havesb.dosth.讓某人做某事。賓語sb.與do構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。(3)havesb./sth.doingsth.讓某人/某物始終做某事,強調(diào)動作始終在持續(xù)。賓語sb./sth.與do構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空/完成句子①Joehadmefind(find)acarforhim.②I'msorrytohaveyouwaiting(wait)heresolong.③Ihadmywatchstolen(steal)lastnight.④BeforeyoucamebackIhadhadallmymistakescorrected(把全部的錯誤都改正過來了).⑤Ihadmylegbroken(我的一條腿摔斷了)whenIgotoffthebus.重點句式2Itseemsthat...(教材P15)So,itseemsthattalentaloneisn'tenoughtoguaranteesuccess.所以,好像光靠天賦并不足以保證勝利。句式分析:“Itseems+that從句”,其中it是形式主語,that引導(dǎo)主語從句。[例]ItseemstomethatMr.Brownwillnotcomeagain.在我看來,布朗先生不會再來了。[學(xué)問拓展]除了“Itseems+that從句”結(jié)構(gòu),seem還常用于下列句式:(1)“主語+seem(s)+(tobe)+表語”,表語多為名詞或形容詞,有時是其他的詞或短語,以說明主語的特征或狀態(tài)。(2)“主語+seem(s)+不定式”,此句型中的seem與不定式一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語。(3)“There+seem(s)tobe+名詞”,其中tobe可省略。seem的單復(fù)數(shù)形式要依據(jù)后面作主語的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式確定。[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空/完成句子①Hermindseemedtobewandering(wander)andshedidn'trecognizeus.②Sheseemedtohaveforgotten(forget)herpromise.③Theredoesn'tseemtobemuchhopeofourbeatingthatteam.④Exceptforoneminordisease,heseemedtobeinexcellenthealth(好像特別健康).⑤Thechildrenseemedtobeeating(好像正在吃)somethingintheroom.重點句式3祈使句+連詞+陳述句(教材P15)Keeptryingandeventuallyyouwillreadthewords“Wearedelightedtoinformyou...”接著努力,最終你會讀到“我們很興奮地通知你……”句式分析:本句是“祈使句+連詞+陳述句”句式,其中祈使句表示條件。[例]Comeearly,andyou'llseeZhongNanshan.早點來,你會見到鐘南山的。[學(xué)問拓展]“祈使句+連詞+陳述句”句型的詳細(xì)形式:(1)祈使句+and+陳述句(2)祈使句+or(else)/otherwise+陳述句留意:(1)中還有以下兩種改變形式:①祈使句+破折號+陳述句②名詞詞組(通常含有more、another、further等詞)+and+陳述句[即學(xué)即練]完成句子/同義句轉(zhuǎn)換①Trysomeofthisjuice—perhapsyou'lllikeit(或許你會寵愛的).②Hurryup,oryou'llbelateagain(否則你會又遲到的).③Workhardandyouwillmakeprogress.→Ifyouworkhard,you'llmakeprogress.④Let'skeeptothepoint,orwewillneverreachanydecisions.→Unlesswekeeptothepoint/Ifwedon'tkeeptothepoint,wewillneverreachanydecisions.⑤Onemoreweek,andwewillaccomplishthetask.→Giveusonemoreweek,andwewillaccomplishthetask.→Ifwehaveonemoreweek/Ifyougiveusonemoreweek,wewillaccomplishthetask.1.(教材P14)Theresponsefromapublishercomesbackandthewritereagerlyopensandreadsit,theirheartssinkingwhentheyreachthatfinalsentence.[分析]本句為復(fù)合句。theirheartssinking為獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu),在句中作狀語;whentheyreachthatfinalsentence為when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。[譯文]出版商的答復(fù)回來了,作者急迫地綻開閱讀,當(dāng)他們讀到最終一句時,他們的心沉了下來。2.(教材P15)Infact,itiswithinthepagesofJaneEyrethatwecanfindthesewords:“Ihonourendurance,perseverance,industry,talent;becausethesearethemeansbywhichmenachievegreatends...”[分析]本句為復(fù)合句。itiswithinthepagesofJaneEyrethatwecanfindthesewords是強調(diào)句,強調(diào)狀語withinthepagesofJaneEyre;干脆引語中,because引導(dǎo)緣由狀語從句,bywhich引導(dǎo)定語從句,修飾先行詞means。[譯文]事實上,正是在《簡·愛》這本書里,我們能夠找到這些話:“我尊崇忍耐力、毅力、勤奮和才能;因為這些是人們實現(xiàn)宏大目標(biāo)所憑借的手段……”教材高考1.Whenthefundsarelowandthedebtsarehigh...(2024·天津卷)Mostofhisadultlifehasbeenalosingstruggleagainstdebtandmisfortune.2.Don'tgiveupthoughthepaceseemsslow...(2024·全國卷Ⅰ)Accordingtomostcalculations,racewalkersmovingatapaceofsixmilesperhourwouldburnabout800calories(卡路里)perhour...3.Weregrettoinformyou...(2024·天津卷)Oncethebookyou'verequestedisdeliveredtothenearestbranch,theywillinformyoubye-mail,soyoucanpickitup.4.So,itseemsthattalentaloneisn'tenoughtoguaranteesuccess.(2024·全國卷Ⅰ)Datasecuritymeasuresareguaranteed.Ⅰ.單句語法填空1.Nowthatmanychangeshavetakenplace,weshouldkeeppacewiththechangestoo.2.Wewerepoorbutwenevergotintodebt.3.Theywererarely(rare)seentogetherandcertainlydidnottraveltogether.4.Feelingratherhurt,Istruggledtounderstandthisrejection(reject).5.Heistryingtoshelterhisstudentfromcriticism(criticize).6.Gothere,andyouareguaranteedtoenjoy(enjoy)thesightsintheirnaturalstate.7.Iregrettosay(say)itisnotalwayseasytodotherightthing.8.Comparingthem,youwillfindthereissomethingincommonbetweenthem.9.AuntLucyisalwaysturningupwithoutwarningandbringinguspresents.10.Mr.Huangwillplayaleadingpartinthemovement.Ⅱ.短語填空regretto,takeforexample,have...incommon,stick...on,atouchof,turndown,atotalof,playapart1.Ifyoulike,stickapictureofthecountryonthecover.2.Hewasdisappointedtofindhissuggestionsturneddown.3.Thosetwobrothersnotonlylookalike,butalsotheyhavealotincommon.4.Communicationalongwithinformationindustryplaysanimportantpartinmoderntimes.5.Honey,IregrettosayIcan'tgototheget-togethertonight.I'mtiredout.6.There

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