2025版高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)第1部分人與自我主題群1生活與學(xué)習(xí)主題語境7語言學(xué)習(xí)的規(guī)律方法等教師用書教案

PAGE主題語境(七)語言學(xué)習(xí)的規(guī)律、方法等閱讀理解A(2024·全國卷Ⅰ·B)ForCanaanElementary'ssecondgradeinPatchogue，N.Y.，todayisspeechday，andrightnowit'sChrisPalaez'sturn.The8-year-oldisthejokeroftheclass.Withshiningdarkeyes，heseemslikethekindofkidwhowouldenjoypublicspeaking.Buthe'snervous.“I'mheretotellyoutodaywhyyoushould...should...”Christripsonthe“-ld，”apronunciationdifficultyformanynon-nativeEnglishspeakers.Histeacher，ThomasWhaley，isnexttohim，whisperingsupport.“...Votefor...me...”Exceptforsomestumbles，Chrisisdoingamazinglywell.Whenhebringshisspeechtoaniceconclusion，Whaleyinvitestherestoftheclasstopraisehim.Asonofimmigrants，ChrisstartedlearningEnglishalittleoverthreeyearsago.Whaleyrecallshowatthebeginningoftheyear，whencalledupontoread，Chriswouldexcusehimselftogotothebathroom.LearningEnglishasasecondlanguagecanbeapainfulexperience.Whatyouneedisagreatteacherwholetsyoumakemistakes.“Ittakesalotforanystudent，”Whaleyexplains，“especiallyforastudentwhoislearningEnglishastheirnewlanguage，tofeelconfidentenoughtosay，‘Idon'tknow，butIwanttoknow.’”Whaleygottheideaofthissecond-gradepresidentialcampaignprojectwhenheaskedthechildrenonedaytoraisetheirhandsiftheythoughttheycouldneverbeapresident.Theanswerbrokehisheart.Whaleysaystheprojectisaboutmorethanjustlearningtoreadandspeakinpublic.Hewantsthesekidstolearntoboastaboutthemselves.“Boastingaboutyourself，andyourbestqualities，”Whaleysays，“isverydifficultforachildwhocameintotheclassroomnotfeelingconfident.”【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講解并描述了小學(xué)老師Whaley通過組織學(xué)生演講來幫助學(xué)生增加自信的教學(xué)實(shí)踐。1．WhatmadeChrisnervous?A．Tellingastory.B．Makingaspeech.C．Takingatest.D．Answeringaquestion.B[細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞nervous可定位到其次段第一句，然后應(yīng)到前文中找使他驚慌的因素。依據(jù)第一段中的“...todayisspeechday，andrightnowit'sChrisPalaez'sturn.”和“...heseemslikethekindofkidwhowouldenjoypublicspeaking.”可知，今日是演講日，現(xiàn)在輪到了Chris，雖然他看起來像那種喜愛在公共場合講話的孩子，但是他很驚慌。由此可知，演講使Chris驚慌。]2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“stumbles”inParagraph2referto?A．Improperpauses. B．Badmanners.C．Spellingmistakes. D．Sillyjokes.A[詞義揣測題。依據(jù)其次段中的“youshould...should...”以及“...Votefor...me...”這樣的語句特點(diǎn)可知，Chris的演講不流暢，也就是說有不適當(dāng)?shù)耐ｎD。這是他表現(xiàn)不好的地方，與畫線詞后的句意“他完成得特別好”構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，與短語exceptfor的語意相呼應(yīng)。]3．WecaninferthatthepurposeofWhaley'sprojectisto________.A．helpstudentsseetheirownstrengthsB．a(chǎn)ssessstudents'publicspeakingskillsC．preparestudentsfortheirfuturejobsD．inspirestudents'loveforpoliticsA[推理推斷題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)其次段中的“Whaleysaystheprojectisaboutmorethanjustlearningtoreadandspeakinpublic.Hewantsthesekidstolearntoboastaboutthemselves.”可知，Whaley創(chuàng)辦這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的目的不僅僅是讓學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)閱讀和在公共場合演講，他還希望學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)自夸。A項(xiàng)意為“幫助學(xué)生看到自己的特長”，與原文意思相符。]4．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesWhaleyasateacher?A．Humorous. B．Ambitious.C．Caring. D．Demanding.C[推理推斷題。文章介紹了Whaley老師通過創(chuàng)辦“總統(tǒng)競選項(xiàng)目”，組織學(xué)生演講來幫助學(xué)生增加自信。依據(jù)其次段中的“Histeacher，ThomasWhaley，isnexttohim，whisperingsupport.”和“...Whaleyinvitestherestoftheclasstopraisehim.”等細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)也可看出Whaley老師是一個(gè)關(guān)切學(xué)生的老師。]B(2024·全國卷Ⅰ·C)Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears，butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers，small，tightlyknit(聯(lián)系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago，whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople，theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.Soonafterwards，manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers，andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies，trade，industrialisation，thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation，especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades，allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear，anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish，SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.Atpresent，theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages，oftenspokenbymanypeople，whilehot，wetzoneshavelots，oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200languages；theAmericasabout1,000；Africa2,400；andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200，ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber(中位數(shù))ofspeakersisamere6,000，whichmeansthathalftheworld'slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof6,800languagesareclosetoextinction(消亡)，withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.Pick，atrandom，BusuuinCameroon(eightremainingspeakers)，ChiapanecoinMexico(150)，LipanApacheintheUnitedStates(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustralia(one，withaquestion-mark)：noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇文明文，主要介紹了全球語言多樣性的發(fā)展變更以及現(xiàn)在所面臨的危機(jī)。5．Whatcanweinferaboutlanguagesinhunter-gatherertimes?A．Theydevelopedveryfast.B．Theywerelargeinnumber.C．Theyhadsimilarpatterns.D．Theywerecloselyconnected.B[推理推斷題。依據(jù)第一段的最終一句“Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago，whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople，theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.”可知，在狩獵時(shí)代，人口少，語言卻很豐富，故選B。]6．Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“dominant”underlinedinParagraph2?A．Complex. B．Advanced.C．Powerful. D．Modern.C[詞義揣測題。依據(jù)其次段最終一句“Inrecentcenturies...allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear，anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish，SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.”可知，近幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來，隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展，很多語言已經(jīng)消逝，英語、西班牙語、漢語漸漸占據(jù)主導(dǎo)地位。complex“困難的”；advanced“高級(jí)的，先進(jìn)的”；powerful“有影響力的”；modern“現(xiàn)代的”。故選C。]7．Howmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6,000peopleatpresent?A．About6,800. B．About3,400.C．About2,400. D．About1,200.B[數(shù)字計(jì)算題。依據(jù)第三段最終一句“Themediannumber(中位數(shù))ofspeakersisamere6,000，whichmeansthathalftheworld'slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.”可知，目前全球不同語言運(yùn)用人數(shù)的中位數(shù)僅是6000，這就意味著世界上有一半的語言的運(yùn)用人數(shù)不到6000；結(jié)合第三段第一句“Atpresent，theworldhasabout6,800languages.”可知，選B。]8．Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A．Newlanguageswillbecreated.B．People'slifestylesarereflectedinlanguages.C．Humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages.D．Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.C[主旨大意題。依據(jù)第一段第一句中的“butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing”和其次段可知，隨著人類社會(huì)的發(fā)展，尤其是工業(yè)化、全球化以來，很多語言已經(jīng)消逝，即人類的發(fā)展使得語言的種類越來越少。故選C。]C(2024·天津卷·A)ALanguageProgrammeforTeenagersWelcometoTeenagersAbroad!Weinviteyoutojoinusonanamazingjourneyoflanguagelearning.OurCoursesRegardlessofyourchoiceofcourse，you'lldevelopyourlanguageabilitybothquicklyandeffectively.OurStandardCourseguaranteesasignificantincreaseinyourconfidenceinaforeignlanguage，withfocusedteachinginall4skillareas—speaking，listening，readingandwriting.OurIntensiveCoursebuildsonourStandardCourse，with10additionallessonsperweek，guaranteeingthefastestpossiblelanguagelearning(seetablebelow)．CourseTypeDaysNumberofLessonsCourseTimetableStandardCourseMon-Fri20lessons9：00-12：30IntensiveCourseMon-Fri20lessons9：00-12：3010lessons13：00-14：30EvaluationStudentsareplacedintoclassesaccordingtotheircurrentlanguageskills.Themajorityofthemtakeanonlinelanguagetestbeforestartingtheirprogramme.However，ifthisisnotavailable，studentssittheexamonthefirstMondayoftheircourse.Learningmaterialsareprovidedtostudentsthroughouttheircourse，andtherewillneverbemorethan15participantsineachclass.ArrivalsandTransferOurprogrammeoffersthefullpackage—studentsaretakengoodcareoffromthestartthroughtotheveryend.Theyarecollectedfromtheairportuponarrivalandbroughttotheiraccommodationincomfort.Werequirethestudent'sfullflightdetailsatleast4weeksinadvance.Meals/Allergies(過敏)/SpecialDietaryRequirementsStudentsareprovidedwithbreakfast，dinnerandeitheracookedorpackedlunch(whichconsistsofasandwich，adrinkandadessert)．Snacksoutsideofmealtimesmaybepurchasedbythestudentindividually.Weaskthatyouletusknowofanyallergiesordietaryrequirementsaswellasinformationaboutanymedicinesyoutake.Dependingonthetypeofallergiesand/ordietaryrequirements，anextrachargemaybemadeforprovidingspecialfood.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文——廣告，這是一個(gè)以青少年為對(duì)象的語言項(xiàng)目。本文具體地介紹了這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的特點(diǎn)、優(yōu)勢、課程支配以及參與的條件、交通問題和須要特殊留意的問題。9．HowdoesIntensiveCoursedifferfromStandardCourse?A．Itislesseffective.B．Itfocusesonspeaking.C．Itincludesextralessons.D．Itgivesyouconfidence.C[細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)OurCourses中的“OurIntensiveCourse...with10additionallessonsperweek”可知，IntensiveCourse有別于StandardCourse的地方就在于每周加課10節(jié)，故C項(xiàng)正確。]10．WhencanastudentattendStandardCourse?A．13：00-14：30Monday.B．9：00-12：30Tuesday.C．13：00-14：30Friday.D．9：00-12：30Saturday.B[細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文中的表格可知，StandardCourse支配在周一到周五的9：00到12：30，符合該時(shí)間段的只有B項(xiàng)(周二9：00到12：30)。A、C、D三項(xiàng)都與該時(shí)間段不符。]11．Beforestartingtheirprogramme，studentsareexpectedto________.A．takealanguagetestB．haveanonlineinterviewC．preparelearningmaterialsD．reporttheirlanguagelevelsA[細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)Evaluation中的“Studentsareplacedintoclassesaccordingtotheircurrentlanguageskills.Themajorityofthemtakeanonlinelanguagetestbeforestartingtheirprogramme.”可知，學(xué)生在起先這個(gè)項(xiàng)目前，得參與網(wǎng)上測試以確定目前的語言技能，而非進(jìn)行網(wǎng)上面試(B項(xiàng))、打算學(xué)習(xí)材料(C項(xiàng))以及匯報(bào)他們的語言水平(D項(xiàng))，故A項(xiàng)正確。]12．Withthefullpackage，theprogrammeorganiserissupposedto________.A．informstudentsoftheirfullflightdetailsB．lookafterstudentsthroughouttheprogrammeC．offerstudentsfreesightseeingtripsD．collectstudents'luggageinadvanceB[細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)ArrivalsandTransfer中的“...studentsaretakengoodcareoffromthestartthroughtotheveryend.”可知，活動(dòng)組織者在整個(gè)活動(dòng)過程中照看學(xué)生們，故B項(xiàng)正確。]13．Whichofthefollowingmayrequireanextrapayment?A．Cookeddinner. B．Mealtimedessert.C．Packedlunch. D．Specialdiet.D[細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章最終一部分信息“...anextrachargemaybemadeforprovidingspecialfood.”可知，要求供應(yīng)特色食物是要自己付費(fèi)的，故D項(xiàng)正確。]完形填空(2024·全國卷Ⅰ)Whilehighschooldoesnotgenerallyencouragestudentstoexplorenewaspectsoflife，collegesetsthestageforthatexploration.Imyselfwentthroughthis1processandfoundsomethingthathaschangedmy2atcollegeforthebetter：IdiscoveredASL—AmericanSignLanguage(美式手語)．Ineverfeltanurgeto3anysignlanguagebefore.Myentirefamilyishearing，andsoareallmyfriends.The4languageswereenoughinallmyinteractions(交往)．LittledidIknowthatIwoulddiscovermy5forASL.The6beganduringmyfirstweekatcollege.IwatchedastheASLClub7theirtranslationofasong.Boththehandmovementsandthevery8ofcommunicatingwithoutspeaking9me.WhatIsawwascompletelyunlikeanythingIhadexperiencedinthe10.Thisnewnessjustleftme11more.Afterthat，feelingtheneedto12further，IdecidedtodropinononeofASLclub'smeetings.Ionlylearnedhowto13thealphabetthatday.Yetinsteadofbeingdiscouragedbymy14progress，Iwasexcited.Ithenmadeitapointto15thosemeetingsandlearnallIcould.Thefollowingterm，I16anASLclass.Theprofessorwasdeafandanytalkingwas17.Isoonrealizedthatthesilencewasnotunpleasant.18，iftherehadbeenanytalking，itwouldhave19ustolearnless.Now，Iappreciatethesilenceandthe20wayofcommunicationitopens.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章圍圍著人與自我的主題，講解并描述了作為正常人的作者起先相識(shí)并喜愛上美式手語的故事。1．A.searching B．planningC．natural D．formalA[由上文中的“explorenewaspectsoflife”可知，所填詞與explore(探究)在詞義上相近，故選searching(找尋)。]2．A.progress B．experienceC．major D．opinionB[依據(jù)語境可知，此處指作者發(fā)覺了朝更好的方向變更自己高校經(jīng)驗(yàn)(experience)的東西。另外，第三段中的“Ihadexperienced”也給出了提示。]3．A.choose B．readC．learn D．createC[后面一句提到作者的全家人及他全部的摯友都有聽覺，因此他之前從沒有想學(xué)(learn)手語的劇烈愿望。另外，第四段中的“Ionlylearnedhowto”也給出了提示。]4．A.official B．foreignC．body D．spokenD[既然作者和家人及摯友都有聽覺，那么在作者與別人的全部交往中口語(spokenlanguages)已經(jīng)足夠了。故選D。]5．A.love B．concernC．goal D．requestA[由下文的內(nèi)容尤其是最終一段中的“Now，Iappreciatethesilence...”可知，作者后來愛上了美式手語，但是剛起先的時(shí)候作者沒有發(fā)覺自己對(duì)它的酷愛(love)。]6．A.meeting B．tripC．story D．taskC[由空格后面的內(nèi)容可知，作者起先講事情的經(jīng)過了，故選story(故事)。]7．A.recorded B．performedC．recited D．discussedB[由空格前的watched(觀看)和后面的thehandmovements(手部的動(dòng)作)以及whatIsaw(我所望見的)可知，作者是在觀看美式手語俱樂部的成員表演(perform)他們對(duì)一首歌的詮釋。]8．A.idea B．a(chǎn)mountC．dream D．reasonA[依據(jù)語境可知，這里指的是無語言溝通的想法(idea)。idea與前面的thehandmovements并列。]9．A.disturbed B．supportedC．embarrassed D．a(chǎn)ttractedD[下文提到作者參與了美式手語俱樂部的一次會(huì)議并在下一學(xué)期參與了美式手語學(xué)習(xí)班的課程，由此可以看出，這種手部的動(dòng)作以及無語言溝通的想法把作者給吸引(attract)住了。]10．A.end B．pastC．course D．distanceB[依據(jù)Ihadexperienced用的時(shí)態(tài)可知，它指的是作者過去的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，故選past。inthepast過去，是固定搭配。]11．A.showing B．a(chǎn)ctingC．saying D．wantingD[由下文中的further以及最終一段中提到作者參與了美式手語學(xué)習(xí)班的課程可知，這種新奇讓作者想要(want)了解更多。]12．A.exercise B．exploreC．express D．explainB[由第一段第一句中的explore可知，此處應(yīng)填explore，指作者感受到了進(jìn)一步探究的必要。]13．A.print B．writeC．sign D．countC[因?yàn)樽髡呤窃趯W(xué)習(xí)美式手語(AmericanSignLanguage)，所以他就得學(xué)會(huì)如何打手勢。這里是說那天作者只學(xué)會(huì)了如何用手勢表示(sign)字母表中的字母。]14．A.slow B．steadyC．normal D．obviousA[由前面的beingdiscouragedby(對(duì)……感到悲觀)可知，此處是說作者的進(jìn)步緩慢(slow)。]15．A.chair B．sponsorC．a(chǎn)ttend D．organizeC[雖然作者在學(xué)美式手語方面進(jìn)步緩慢，但他還是感到很興奮，因此他把出席那些會(huì)議并盡最大可能多學(xué)看作重要的事情。attendameeting出席會(huì)議，是固定搭配。另外，本段第一句中的“dropinononeofASLclub'smeetings”也給出了提示。]16．A.missed B．passedC．gaveup D．registeredforD[后面講的是課堂上的事情，由此可以推斷出接下來的那個(gè)學(xué)期，作者參與了美式手語學(xué)習(xí)班的課程。registerfor注冊(cè)，登記，是固定搭配，且符合此處的語境。]17．A.prohibited B．welcomedC．ignored D．repeatedA[由空格前面的“theprofessorwasdeaf”可知，在課堂上是禁止(prohibit)說話的。]18．A.Lastly B．ThusC．Instead D．HoweverC[由后面主從句謂語動(dòng)詞的結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處用的是虛擬語氣，也就是說所填詞表示的是一種相反狀況的假設(shè)，故應(yīng)選instead(相反)。]19．A.required B．causedC．a(chǎn)llowed D．expectedB[相反，假如有任何交談的話，那會(huì)導(dǎo)致學(xué)生們學(xué)到的更少。causesb.todosth.導(dǎo)致某人做某事，是固定搭配，且符合此處的語境。]20．A.easy B．popularC．quick D．newD[由第三段最終一句中的thisnewness可知，對(duì)作者來說，這是一種新的(new)溝通方法，而不是簡單的(easy)、流行的(popular)或快速的(quick)方法。]Ⅰ.寫出所給單詞的漢語意思1．jokern.愛開玩笑的人2．whispern．&v.耳語；示意；私下說3．voten．&v.投票，選舉；選票；得票數(shù)；提議4．immigrantn．移民5．excusev.懇求準(zhǔn)許離開；找借口；為……找借口6．boastv．自夸；夸口說7．pausev.暫停，停頓，中止；躊躇n.暫停；間歇8．tightlyadv.緊緊地；堅(jiān)實(shí)地9．industrialisationn._工業(yè)化10．distributionn.分布；安排；供應(yīng)11．unevenadj.不勻稱的；不平坦的；[數(shù)]_奇數(shù)的12．a(chǎn)broadadv.在國外；到海外13．effectivelyadv.有效地，生效地；有力地；事實(shí)上14．evaluationn.評(píng)價(jià)；評(píng)估15．a(chǎn)ccommodationn.住處，膳宿；調(diào)整16．a(chǎn)spectn._方面17．urgen.劇烈的欲望，迫切要求；推動(dòng)力vt.力勸，督促；驅(qū)策，推動(dòng)18．prohibitv._阻擋；禁止Ⅱ.依據(jù)所給漢語寫出英文單詞1．conclusionn.結(jié)論；推論2．confidentadj.自信的3．spreadvi.(過去式spread，過去分詞spread)張開4．coursen.科目；課程；過程；進(jìn)程；道路；路途，航向；一道菜5．participantn．參與者6．movementn.(身體部位的)運(yùn)動(dòng)，轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，活動(dòng)7．discouragedadj.灰心的；喪氣的8．a(chǎn)ppreciatev.觀賞；感謝Ⅲ.依據(jù)所給提示寫出派生單詞1．exceptprep.除……之外→exceptionn.例外2．explainvt.說明；說明→explanationn．說明；講解；說明3．properadj.適當(dāng)?shù)摹鷌mproperadj.不正確的；不適當(dāng)?shù)摹鷓roperlyadv.適當(dāng)?shù)?；正確地4．dependv．依靠；取決于→dependentadj.依靠的→dependencen．依靠，依靠→independencen．獨(dú)立→independentadj.獨(dú)立的；單獨(dú)的5．survivev．幸存→survivaln．幸存→survivorn．生還者6．a(chǎn)mazevt.使驚訝→amazedadj.驚訝的；驚異的→amazingadj.令人驚訝的；令人驚異的→amazementn．驚訝7．explorevt.&vi.探究；探測；探究→explorern．探險(xiǎn)家；勘探者→explorationn．探究8．a(chǎn)ttractvt.吸引；引起留意→attractionn．吸引；吸引力→attractiveadj.有吸引力的Ⅳ.依據(jù)所給漢語寫出慣用習(xí)語1．settle_down安定下來；定居2．a(chǎn)ccount_for數(shù)量上占3．regardless_of不管；不顧4．go_through經(jīng)驗(yàn)；經(jīng)受；完成；細(xì)致檢查5．drop_in_on順便探望6．register_for注冊(cè)；登記[即時(shí)演練]單句語法填空1．Shebecameevenmore_nervous(nervous)astheinterviewcontinued.2．Shespread(spread)herarmsandthechildrantowardsher.3．Itstotallandareais16,808squarekilometers,amongwhichthemountainareasaccountfor52%.4．Ifhecouldn'tfindhiswayoutoftheforest,therewouldbelittlechanceofsurvival(survive)．5．MikeisastudentatHowardUniversity,majoringinphysicsforadegreeinNaturalScience.6．Hestruggledto_explain(explain)whatheheardinhishead.7．I'dappreciateyourwriting(write)mebackassoonaspossible.8．Inconclusion,weshouldliketothankallthosewhohaveworkedsohardtobringaboutthisresult.9．Ofcourse,wemaybuildgoodeatinghabitsdepending(depend)ontheknowledgewegetfromthenewspapersormagazines.Ⅰ.熟詞生義(寫出句中黑體詞的漢語意思)1．Christripsonthe“-ld，”apronunciationdifficultyformanynon-nativeEnglishspeakers.絆倒2．Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers，small，tightlyknit(聯(lián)系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.居住于；構(gòu)成……的人口Ⅱ.似易實(shí)難(將句中黑體詞部分譯成漢語)1．Europehasonlyaround200languages；theAmericasabout1,000；Africa2,400；andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200，ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.[譯文]歐洲只有大約200種語言；美洲約有1000種；非洲有2400種；亞洲和太平洋地區(qū)可能有3200種，其中僅巴布亞新幾內(nèi)亞就有遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過800種。2．Ourprogrammeoffersthefullpackage—studentsaretakengoodcareoffromthestartthroughtotheveryend.[譯文]我們的項(xiàng)目供應(yīng)全套服務(wù)，學(xué)生們?nèi)潭紩?huì)受到很好的照看。3．Instead,iftherehadbeenanytalking,itwouldhavecausedustolearnless.[譯文]相反，假如當(dāng)時(shí)有口語溝通，將會(huì)造成我們所學(xué)的手語更少。Ⅲ.困難晦澀(分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)并譯成漢語)1．Whaleyrecallshowatthebeginningoftheyear，whencalledupontoread，Chriswouldexcusehimselftogotothebathroom.[分析]本句為主從復(fù)合句。when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中省略了主語Chris和be動(dòng)詞was，該從句的完整結(jié)構(gòu)為whenChriswascalledupontoread；動(dòng)詞excuse意為“懇求準(zhǔn)許離開”。[譯文]威利回憶起年初時(shí)的情景，當(dāng)克利斯被要求朗讀時(shí)，他總是借口去洗手間。2．Whaleygottheideaofthissecond-gradepresidentialcampaignprojectwhenheaskedthechildrenonedaytoraisetheirhandsiftheythoughttheycouldneverbeapresident.[分析]本句是主從復(fù)合句。when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，if引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。[譯文]某一天，威利告知孩子們假如他們認(rèn)為自己恒久不行能當(dāng)上總統(tǒng)的話就舉起手來，這事讓他萌生了在二年級(jí)舉辦總統(tǒng)競選活動(dòng)的想法。3．Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages，oftenspokenbymanypeople，whilehot，wetzoneshavelots，oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.[分析]本句是主從復(fù)合句。主語是Thegeneralrule，is是系動(dòng)詞，that引導(dǎo)表語從句。在表語從句中，while是連詞，表示前后對(duì)比。[譯文]一般的規(guī)律是，溫柔地區(qū)的語言種類相對(duì)較少，通常有很多人會(huì)說；而燥熱、潮濕地區(qū)則有很多種語言，通常只有少數(shù)人說。4．WhatIsawwascompletelyunlikeanythingIhadexperiencedinthepast.[分析]What在句中引導(dǎo)主語從句。此外，Ihadexperiencedinthepast為省略that的定語從句，修飾先行詞anything。[譯文]我所看到的與我過去所經(jīng)驗(yàn)的完全不同。1．a(chǎn)mazinglyadv.令人驚訝地；令人驚異地(1)amazingadj.令人驚訝的；令人驚異的Itisamazingthat...令人驚異的是(2)amazevt.使驚訝；使驚異Itamazessb.that...＝Whatamazessb.isthat...使某人驚異的是……(3)amazedadj.驚訝的；驚異的beamazedat/by...對(duì)……感到驚異beamazedtodosth.因做某事感到驚異(4)amazementn．驚訝；驚異toone'samazement令某人驚異的是inamazement驚愕地themostamazingadventureofmylife我人生中最奇異的探險(xiǎn)lookathiminamazement驚愕地看著他beamazedatthesceneryandsurroundingsthere對(duì)那里的風(fēng)景和環(huán)境感到驚異[名師點(diǎn)津]amazing意為“令人驚訝的”，強(qiáng)調(diào)某人/某事給他人的感受；amazed意為“(感到)驚訝的”，表示本身的感受，并不強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)他人的影響。[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空①Itwasamazing(amaze)thattheboywasabletosolvetheproblemsoquickly.②Fromhisamazed(amaze)looksIknowhehadn'texpectmyearlyarrival.③OnewasthatIwasamazed(amaze)atthefactthatasickpersoncouldfeelmuchbetterafterseeingadoctor.[實(shí)力提升]——一句多譯令我驚異的是，他把這首詩完整地背了出來。①It_amazed_me_thathewasabletorecitethewholepoemfrommemory.(形式主語)②What_amazed_me_was_thathewasabletorecitethewholepoemfrommemory.(主語從句)③To_my_amazement，hewasabletorecitethewholepoemfrommemory.(amazement)2．settlev．(使)定居；停留；解決；(使)安靜(1)settledown(使)安靜下來；(使)穩(wěn)定；定居下來settledownto(doing)sth.用心(做)某事(2)settlementn．安排；定居點(diǎn)；解決；協(xié)議settlern．移民；殖民者[一詞多義]——寫出下列句中settle的含義①Peoplesettleintheseplacesbecausetheyareeasytogettoandnaturallysuitedtocommunicationsandtrade.定居②Itwasarainymorningandthechildren,mainlyboyswithvariouslearningdifficulties,refusedtosettleforthestartofthelesson.安靜③Itisonlybylisteningtoandunderstandingeachotherthatproblemsbetweenparentsandchildrencanbesettled.解決settledowntoyourwork用心于你的工作settledowninthecountryandstartanewlife在鄉(xiāng)下定居，起先了新的生活establishasettlementthere在那里建立了定居點(diǎn)[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空①M(fèi)r.andMrs.Brownwouldliketoseetheirdaughtersettledown,getmarried,andhavekids.②Somethingisbotheringhim,sohecan'tsettledowntoreading(read)abook.③Peopleexpectthatthetalkwillleadtothesettlement(settle)totheproblem.[實(shí)力提升]——句式升級(jí)一般表達(dá)：Therearealotofdifficultproblemstosettle,sothenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.高級(jí)表達(dá)：With_a_lot_of_difficult_problems_to_settle，thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.(with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))3．totaladj.總的；完全的n．總數(shù)；合計(jì)v．總數(shù)為；合計(jì)(1)atotalof總數(shù)為……totalupto合計(jì)；總數(shù)達(dá)到(2)totallyadv.總和地；完全地totaldarkness漆黑thetotalprofit利潤總額intotal總共；總計(jì)[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空①Yougot47pointsonthewrittenexaminationand18ontheoral，makingatotalof65.②Thestudentsbenefitingmostfromcollegearethosewhoaretotally(total)engagedinacademiclife,takingfulladvantageofthecollege'schancesandresources.[實(shí)力提升]——詞匯升級(jí)一般表達(dá)：Therewereprobably30peoplealtogetherattendingthisconference.①高級(jí)表達(dá)：Therewereprobablya_total_of30peopleattendingthisconference.②高級(jí)表達(dá)：Therewereprobably30peopleattendingthisconferencein_total/in_all.③高級(jí)表達(dá)：Totally，therewereprobably30peopleattendingthisconference.4．guaranteevt.保證；擔(dān)保n．保證；保證書(1)guaranteesb.sth./guaranteesth.tosb.向某人保證某事guaranteetodo/that...保證做……；確?！?2)underguarantee在保修期內(nèi)givesb.aguarantee(that)．..向某人保證……atwo-yearguaranteeonallelectricalgoods全部的電器商品都有兩年的保修期giveaguaranteeofgoodbehaviour保證行為端正guaranteeabankloan為銀行貸款擔(dān)保[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空①Iguaranteeto_pay(pay)offmydebtsontime,nomatterwhathappens.②Weshouldpayattentiontosmalldetails,whichcanguaranteeusto_succeed(succeed)intheend.③Theshopsaidtheywouldreplacethetelevisionaslongasitwasstillunderguarantee.[實(shí)力提升]——一句多譯你能向我保證按時(shí)完成工作嗎？①Canyouguarantee_to_methattheworkwillbefinishedontime？(guaranteev．)②Canyougive_me_a_guaranteethattheworkwillbefinishedontime？(guaranteen．)5．signvt.簽署；簽名；打手勢；示意n．符號(hào)；記號(hào)；手勢；跡象(1)signtosb.todosth.打手勢(讓某人)做某事signin/out簽到/簽退signup報(bào)名參與(2)asignof...……的標(biāo)記/跡象make/giveasignto...對(duì)……做手勢signapeaceagreement簽署一份和平協(xié)議signupforasummercamp報(bào)名參與一個(gè)暑期夏令營asignofgoodfortuneandwealth好運(yùn)和財(cái)寶的象征[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空①Ioftenfoundmyselftellingmymomtodrivemoreslowly,sothatIcouldreadalloftheroadsigns(sign)wepassed.②Ifyouareinterested,signuponourschoolwebsitebeforeAugust10.③Forsafetyreasons,pleasesigninwhenyouarriveatthebuilding,andsignoutwhenyouleave.[實(shí)力提升]——一句多譯他舍命地向我打手勢不要提有關(guān)他的任何事情。①Hewasdesperatelysigning_to_me_not_to_mentionanythingabouthim.(signv．)②Hewasdesperatelymaking_a_sign_to_me_not_to_mentionanythingabouthim.(signn．)6．discouragev．阻擋；打消……的念頭(1)discouragesb.fromdoingsth.勸某人不要做某事；使某人失去做某事的信念(2)discouragedadj.懊喪的，垂頭喪氣的discouragingadj.令人泄氣的；令人懊喪的(3)encouragev．激勵(lì)encouragesb.todosth.激勵(lì)某人做某事discouragehimfromclimbingthemountain勸阻他爬山notletanyfailuresdiscourageyou不讓任何失敗使你垂頭喪氣encouragetheirchildrentoovercomedifficulties激勵(lì)他們的孩子克服困難[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空①Thegovernmentencouragesfarmersto_grow(grow)corninsteadofricetoimprovewaterquality.②Hisparentstriedto_discourage(discourage)hisinterestinmusic，buthepersisted.③Thefailurewasabigblowtohim,buthewasn'tdiscouraged(discourage)andsoongotasenthusiasticasever.[實(shí)力提升]——詞匯升級(jí)一般表達(dá)：Bothteachersandparentsshouldtellstudentsnottoplaycomputergamestoomuch,whichaffectstheirstudiesandhealth.高級(jí)表達(dá)：Bothteachersandparentsshoulddiscourage_students_from_playingcomputergamestoomuch,whichaffectstheirstudiesandhealth.1．...rightnowit'sChrisPalaez'sturn.……現(xiàn)在輪到ChrisPalaez發(fā)言了。[句型公式]本句屬于“It'sone'sturntodosth.”這一句型，表示“輪到某人做某事了”。(1)taketurnsdoing/todosth.輪番做某事(2)inone'sturn輪到某人byturns輪番著inturn反過來；依次taketurnstolookaftertheirsickmother輪番照看他們生病的母親taketurnsputtingforwardanumberofsuggestions輪番提出很多建議inturncreatefurthertrafficproblems反過來進(jìn)一步造成了交通問題[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空①Atthemeetingtheytookturnsto_put/putting(put)forwardanumberofsuggestionsaimingtopromotethereformofeducationsystem.②It'smyturnto_pick(pick)upthekidsafterschoolthisweek.③Itisourresponsibilitytotakecareofoursickmotherbyturns.[實(shí)力提升]——完成句子/句式升級(jí)人們運(yùn)用自己的小汽車避開公共交通延誤，反過來，這將造成更多的問題。①一般表達(dá)：Peopletrytoavoidpublictransportationdelaysbyusingtheirowncars,andthisin_turncreatesmoreproblems.②高級(jí)表達(dá)：Peopletrytoavoidpublictransportationdelaysbyusingtheirowncars，which_in_turn_creates_more_problems.(非限制性定語從句)2．LittledidIknowthatIwoulddiscovermyloveforASL.我?guī)缀醪恢牢視?huì)發(fā)覺我對(duì)美國手語的愛。[句型公式]否定副詞little置于句首的倒裝句。位于句首的否定副詞和含有否定意義的介詞短語還有：not，never，seldom，hardly，scarcely，neither，nor，atnotime，bynomeans，innocase，innoway，onnocondition等。[金句推送]NeverwillIforgettheaccidentthathappenedinmyownchildhood,whichleftadeepimpressiononme.我恒久不會(huì)遺忘發(fā)生在我的童年里的那個(gè)意外事務(wù)，它給我留下了很深的印象。[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空①Neverbeforehas(have)ourcountrybeensoprosperousandpowerfulasitistoday.②Hardlyhad(have)weleftthedormitorythenextmorningwhenwerealizedwehadleftourmapintheroom.③Littledidhecareabouthisownsafety,thoughhewasingreatdangerhimself.[實(shí)力提升]——句式升級(jí)一般表達(dá)：Theydidn'tencouragethedevelopmentoftourism-relatedactivitiesintheruralareasuntilrecently.高級(jí)表達(dá)：Not_until_recently_did_they_encouragethedevelopmentoftourism-relatedactivitiesintheruralareas.(倒裝)夯基固本·學(xué)問落實(shí)Ⅰ.用所給詞的正確形式填空1．WhenLiMingsettled(settle)here，hetriedtogetalongwellwithhisneighbours.2．Notallthestudentsare_guaranteed(guarantee)jobswhentheygraduatefromcollegeunderthepresenteconomicsituation.3．Hewastheonlysurvivor(survive)ofthecrash.4．Theyhad_gone(go)throughsomerockytimestogetherwhenAnnwasfirstmarried.5．Bothofthecarsbecametotallydamagedintheaccident,butamazingly(amazing),neitherofthedriverswashurt.Ⅱ.在空白處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~1．Sofarshehasraisedatotalof50,000yuanfor240children,fromruralareasinHunan.2．Aredskyatsunsetis_asignofgoodweather.3．Hisparentstriedtodiscouragehimfrombeinganactor.4．Shewasshakingwithfear,whilethetwomenwerelookingatherinamazement.5．It'simpropertodropinonhimsocasually.強(qiáng)技提能·學(xué)問應(yīng)用Ⅰ.閱讀七選五(2024·廣東深圳調(diào)研)LearntoCiteSources(引用資料)Duringyouruniversityeducation，you'llbeexposedtoideasandscientifictheoriesofscholarsandscientists.Unavoidably,yourownideaswillbeshapedbytheideasyoucomeacross.1Thatmeansyoushouldgobeyondwhatyoulearnfromyourtextbooksorinthelibrary.Youroriginalworkisthebasisforyouprofessor'sevaluationofyourperformance.Thus，academichonestyisfundamentalinyouruniversityeducation.Itdemandsthatyoucitethesourcematerialsyoubaseyourownworkon.2Correctlycitingyoursourceshelpsyoudistinguishyourownideasfromthoseofotherscholars.Onthereaders'side，itpermitsareadertodeterminethedepthofyourresearch.3Onthecontrary，lackofcitingwillonlyraiseyourreader'sdoubt.Soyouneedtolearnwhentociteandhowtoprovideanadequateoraccuratereferencelist.Ifyoufailtociteyoursources，whetherdeliberatelyorcarelessly，youwillbefoundresponsibleforplagiarism(抄襲)．4Ifyou