高考英語高中英語語法之 虛擬語氣

學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載虛擬語氣第一節(jié)基本知識與基本概念【語氣和語氣的分類】語氣也是動(dòng)詞的一種形式變化。這和漢語中的語氣是不一樣的，它表示說話者對所指的動(dòng)詞或狀態(tài)所持的態(tài)度，而且，在謂語動(dòng)詞上有所體現(xiàn)，而漢語沒有體現(xiàn)。英語中的語氣可分為三種：陳述語氣、祈使語氣和虛擬語氣。1）陳述語氣表示講話人認(rèn)為他所說的話是一個(gè)事實(shí)。例如：Therearetwosidestoeveryquestion．每個(gè)問題都有兩個(gè)方面。Wecanfinishtheworkintime.我們可以按時(shí)完成工作。2）祈使語氣表示講話人對對方的請求或命令。例如：Don'tbelateforclass．上課不要遲到。Mary,don’tstayunderthetree.瑪莉，別呆在樹底下。3）虛擬語氣是一種特殊的謂語動(dòng)詞形式，如：Iwere，Hebe，Shereturn等，表示說的話不是事實(shí)，或者是不可能發(fā)生的情況，或用來表示一種假設(shè)、愿望、建議、請求、命令、猜測、可能、空想等。例如：IfIwereabird,Iwouldflyfreelyintheair.如果我是一只小鳥的話，我就會在天空中自由的飛翔。Histeachersuggestedthathe(should)applytoHarvard他老師建議他申請哈佛大學(xué)。Thecommander-in-chieforderedthatshereturntotheheadquarteratone.總指揮命令她立刻回總部?！究荚囌f明的變化】由于本章知識有難度，所以在２００７年以前的《考試大綱》或《考試說明》中，必考的語法項(xiàng)目表內(nèi)都沒有虛擬語氣這一塊兒。所以，以前的老師和學(xué)生都不太重視虛擬語氣的講解和學(xué)習(xí)。但是，由于虛擬語氣在英語中的大量應(yīng)用，導(dǎo)致許多學(xué)生在篇章理解方面因?yàn)橹R上的欠缺而遇到不少困難。可能是由于這個(gè)原因，２００７年的山東省高考英語《考試說明》中，明確將虛擬語氣這一章列入了考查范圍。筆者認(rèn)為，這個(gè)變化非常值得我們重視，并在未來的幾年內(nèi)不會再有變動(dòng)。所以，我們必須補(bǔ)上這一課。【虛擬語氣的分類】根據(jù)不同的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)或從不同的視角，虛擬語氣可以被分為多個(gè)種類。但是，為了方便同學(xué)們的學(xué)習(xí)，筆者在這里從兩個(gè)視角把虛擬語氣分開。視角一、根據(jù)虛擬語氣使用的目的分1、虛擬派虛擬派指的是句子所述的情況與事實(shí)明顯不相符的虛擬語氣。例如：HetalksabouttheUSAasifhehadbeenthere.他談?wù)撈鹈绹鴣砭秃腿ミ^似的。(其實(shí)說話人知道他并沒有去過美國)IfonlyKevinwerehere.要是凱文在這里就好了。（可惜凱文不在這里）Ifyouhadcometomyhouseyesterday,youwouldhaveseenthepresident.要是你昨天到我家來了的話，你就看到總統(tǒng)了。（可惜你沒有來）2、語氣派與虛擬派不同的是，語氣派的句子所述的情況與事實(shí)沒有明顯不相符?；蛘吒静簧婕八銮闆r的真假與否，更多的是表達(dá)某種語氣，如建議、請求、命令、堅(jiān)持、決定、要求等。例如：Headvisedthatweshouldtakemorevegetablesonourtrip.他建議我們在旅途中多帶些蔬菜。Theteacherinsistedthattheyoungshouldrespecttheold.老師堅(jiān)持年輕人應(yīng)該尊敬老人。Thegovernmentrecommendedthatallyoungmenshouldjointhearmyandservethecountry.政府建議所有男青年參軍報(bào)國。視角二、根據(jù)虛擬語氣的表現(xiàn)方式分1、結(jié)構(gòu)型結(jié)構(gòu)型虛擬語氣的表現(xiàn)形式主要通過改變句子謂語的結(jié)構(gòu)來實(shí)現(xiàn)。例如：Mysuggestionisthateveryoneshouldstayinthehotelbeforehelpcomes.我的建議是在援助到來之前，我們都應(yīng)該呆在賓館里。（這個(gè)虛擬語氣的表現(xiàn)方式就是通過should+動(dòng)詞原形）來實(shí)現(xiàn)的。2、時(shí)態(tài)型時(shí)態(tài)型虛擬語氣主要通過改變句子謂語的時(shí)態(tài)來實(shí)現(xiàn)。例如：IwishIwereabillionaire.我真希望自己是個(gè)億萬富翁。I’dratheryoudidtheworkbyyourself.我希望你能獨(dú)立完成工作。以上兩個(gè)例子中的虛擬語氣就是通過改變句子謂語的時(shí)態(tài)來實(shí)現(xiàn)的。第二節(jié)具體考點(diǎn)解析【考點(diǎn)一、虛擬語氣在條件句中的使用】1）條件句的從句和主句的謂語動(dòng)詞形式表及幾點(diǎn)說明①條件句的從句和主句的謂語動(dòng)詞形式表如果假設(shè)的情況與事實(shí)相反，或是根本不可能發(fā)生或是發(fā)生的可能性很小，這就是非真實(shí)條件句，即虛擬條件句。虛擬條件句的謂語動(dòng)詞的形式是不同于真實(shí)條件句的謂語動(dòng)詞形式的。虛擬條件句有三種情況。虛擬條件句主句例句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)If+主語+動(dòng)詞的過去式（be動(dòng)詞用were）主語+should,would,could,might+動(dòng)詞原形IfIhadenoughmoney,Iwouldbuythehouse.與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)If+主語+had+過去分詞主語+should,would,could,might+have+過去分詞Ifyouhadlistenedtomeyesterday,youwouldhavefinishedthework.與將來事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)①If+主語+動(dòng)詞的過去式②If+主語+wereto+動(dòng)詞原形③If+主語+should+動(dòng)詞原形主語+should,would,could,might+動(dòng)詞原形Ifitweretoraintomorrow,thesportsmeetingwouldbeputoff.②特殊結(jié)構(gòu)的條件句：“Ifitwerenotfor…”或“Ifithadnotbeenfor…”,前者與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，后者與過去事實(shí)相反。相當(dāng)于butfor或without。例如：Ifitweren'tforyourhelp，hecouldnevergotocollege．要不是你的幫助，他絕不可能上大學(xué)。Ifithadn’tbeenforthecaptain’sefforts,theshipcouldhavesunken.要不是船長的努力，船當(dāng)時(shí)可能就沉沒了。③虛擬條件句的謂語動(dòng)詞形式表的靈活應(yīng)用用進(jìn)行時(shí)替換相應(yīng)的一般時(shí):如用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)代替一般過去時(shí)，表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反。例如：Ifyouwerelearningtoswim,Iwouldtakeyoutowatchthematch.要是你在學(xué)游泳的話，我就會帶你去看這場比賽。IfweweregettingalongwellwithJack,weshouldinvitehimtojoinus.要是我們和Jack關(guān)系好些的話，我們就會邀請他加入我們中來了。B．用完成進(jìn)行時(shí)替換相應(yīng)的完成時(shí):如用過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)替換過去完成時(shí)，仍表示與過去事實(shí)相反。例如：Ifithadbeenrainingyesterday，Iwouldnothavecomehere．如果昨天還在下雨的話，我就不會到這里來。Ifyouhadbeenlisteningmoreattentively,youwouldnothavemissedsomuchinformation.假如你當(dāng)時(shí)能好好地聽講的話，就不會落下那么多東西了。④混合型的條件句按照條件句的謂語動(dòng)詞形式表，其主句和從句的謂語動(dòng)詞是相互呼應(yīng)的，有著固定的搭配關(guān)系。但有時(shí)主句和從句的謂語動(dòng)詞并不相互呼應(yīng)，這種條件句叫混合條件句。較多見的混合型條件句是從句用過去完成時(shí)（指過去行為），而主句用一般時(shí)（指目前狀態(tài)）。例如：Hewouldpassthetestifhehadtakenmyadvice．如果他當(dāng)時(shí)聽了我的勸告，他現(xiàn)在就能通過考試了。Ifwehaddriveninturnsyesterday,youwouldfeelbetternow.如果我們昨天輪流開車的話，你現(xiàn)在會感覺好些了。2）虛擬條件句的省略情況①省略if的虛擬條件句：如果虛擬條件句的謂語部分有were，had和should時(shí)，可省略if，把were，had和should放到從句主語前面去。例如：Hadyounothelpedme，Ishouldhavefailed.要是沒有你的幫助，我就失敗了。Haditnotbeenforthetimelyrain,wewouldhavelosteverything.要不是這場及時(shí)雨的話，我們就顆粒無收了。Wereittoraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthegame.如果明天下雨的話，我們就不得不推遲比賽。Shouldtheyrefuseourrequest,wecouldshowthemthispicture.如果他們拒絕我們的請求的話，我們可以給他們展示這張照片?！袢绻麤]有were，had和should則不能省略if，當(dāng)然也不能倒裝。②條件從句的省略Hecouldnotfly（ifhetried）．（即使他試的話）他無論如何不能飛。③條件主句的省略IfonlyIhadmoremoney！要是我有更多的錢就好了！IfonlyIwereabird!要是我是一只小鳥就好了?、躶uppose或supposing=whatifSupposingitwereso？（=Supposingitwereso，whatwouldhappen？）要是這樣的話，會怎么樣呢？●suppose后也可用陳述語氣。3）含蓄的虛擬語氣另外，虛擬語氣還有其他一些表現(xiàn)方式，沒有明顯的虛假條件句出現(xiàn)，取而代之的是能表達(dá)類似意思的結(jié)構(gòu)或短語。這種情況被稱為含蓄的虛擬語氣。例如：①用介詞without（或withno），butfor等表示“如果沒有”。Butforairandwater，nothingcouldlive．要是沒有空氣和水，也就不能有生命。Humanbeingscouldperishwithouttheotherformsoflives.假如沒有了其他的生命形態(tài)，人類也會滅絕。②用動(dòng)詞不定式、比較級、連詞but等手段來表示虛擬條件，還可以根據(jù)內(nèi)容的需要來應(yīng)用虛擬語氣。Shewouldhavecomehere，butshewastoobusywithherhomework．她本來早就要到這里來，但是她當(dāng)時(shí)太忙于寫作業(yè)了。Youcouldhavepassedthetest,butyouknewtoolittle.你本來可以通過考試的，但是你懂得太少了。【考點(diǎn)二、虛擬語氣在賓語從句中的應(yīng)用】1）賓語從句在表示提議、要求、命令、意志等動(dòng)詞后，可用“shoulddo”或“do型”（be原形動(dòng)詞）虛擬語氣。這類動(dòng)詞有：suggest，request，demand，urge，propose，prefer，advise，insist，require，order，command，maintain，ask，object等。例如：Thedoctorsuggestedthathenotgothere．醫(yī)生建議他不要去那里。Thevillagersdemandedthattheirfieldsshouldbereturned.村民們要求返還他們的土地。Thedoctorinsistedthattheoldteachershouldliveinhospital.大夫堅(jiān)持說這位老教師應(yīng)該住院。Theofficerorderedthatallthesoldiersshouldn’tfirebeforehegavetheorder.軍官命令所有士兵在接到命令以前不許開槍?！褡⒁猓河袝r(shí)候，suggest可以不作“建議”講，而作“表明、解釋”等，則后面的從句就不用虛擬語氣。例如：Thebigsmilessuggestedthathehadpassedthetest.他臉上的笑容表明他通過了考試。MywifesuggestedthatIcaughtacold.我妻子說我感冒了。同理，insist所“堅(jiān)持”的內(nèi)容也有所不同，有時(shí)候，堅(jiān)持的是某種道理，用虛擬語氣。而有時(shí)候，堅(jiān)持的是一個(gè)事實(shí)，不用虛擬語氣。例如：Theoldmaninsistedthathewasstrongenoughandthatheshouldbesenttothefront.老頭堅(jiān)持自己的身體沒有問題應(yīng)該被派往前線。Maryinsistedthatthatmanwasherbrother.Mary堅(jiān)持說那男的是她哥哥。①學(xué)習(xí)這種句型時(shí)，要注意賓語從句的虛擬語氣是固定形式，并不隨主句謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的變化而變化。②“do型”與“shoulddo型”有時(shí)可以互換使用，但前者比后者用得更普遍特別在美國英語中。2）賓語從句用在動(dòng)詞wish之后①過去式用來表示現(xiàn)在的愿望；“could（would，might）+動(dòng)詞原形”用來表示將來的愿望，雖實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性不大，但仍有實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能。Iwishitweretrue．我但愿這是真的。IwishIcouldliveonthemoononeday.我希望有一天我能住在月亮上。②“had+過去分詞”或“could（would，might）+have+過去分詞”都是用來表示無能為力的過去愿望。Iwishyouhadcalledyesterday．我希望你昨天來過電話。Iwishyouhaddonetheworkyourself.我真希望你是單獨(dú)作的這工作。Iwishwehadtreatedthechildrenbetter.我真希望我們當(dāng)時(shí)對孩子們好一些?！褡⒁鈝ish與hope的區(qū)別。wish后的賓語從句要用虛擬語氣，而hope后的賓語從句要用陳述語氣。但如果不定式做賓語時(shí)，則意思上無區(qū)別。Ihopetoseeyou．（Iwishtoseeyou．）我希望看見你。3）賓語從句在動(dòng)詞would，would／hadrather，would／hadsooner，would／hadassoon等后面，表示與事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣要用“did”型，表示現(xiàn)在和將來的含義，用“haddone型”表示過去的含義。例如：I’dratherwedidn’tknoweachother.我寧愿我們不認(rèn)識。I’dratherIhadn’tgivenherthemoneyyesterday.我真希望我昨天沒給她錢?！究键c(diǎn)三、虛擬語氣在主語從句中的應(yīng)用】1）“It+is+形容詞+that引導(dǎo)的主語從句”句型，與用動(dòng)詞原形或“should+動(dòng)詞原形”虛擬語氣。用于本句型的形容詞有：necessary，important，surprising,shocking,natural,essential，reserved，urgent，impossible等；還有與表示提議、要求、命令等動(dòng)詞有關(guān)的形容詞，如desirable（←desire），urgent（←urge），advisable（←advise），preferable（←prefer）等。Itisnecessarythathelistentotheradiofrequently．他很有必要常聽收音機(jī)。Itissurprisingthatheshouldmarryagainsoonafterhisex-wifedied.很令人驚訝，他前妻剛?cè)ナ?，他就結(jié)婚了。Itisimpossiblethattheyshouldfeeluncomfortabletolivewithus.他們跟我們住在一起不舒服，這不可能。2）用于“it+is+過去分詞+that引導(dǎo)的主語從句”句型，可用“（should）+動(dòng)詞原形”虛擬語氣。用于本句型中的過去分詞就是表示提議、要求、命令等動(dòng)詞的過去分詞，如suggested，required，requested，demanded，urged，proposed，ordered，desired，advised等。Ithasbeensuggestedthatthemeeting（should）beputoff．有人建議推遲會議。Itisrequiredthatyoushouldwearpropersuitstotakepartintheparty.參加這個(gè)晚會要著裝適當(dāng)，這是規(guī)定。Itisdesiredthatthepricesofhousesshouldbestoppedfromincreasing.大家都渴望房子的價(jià)格能停止增長。ItisproposedthatweshouldpayavisittotheConfucius有人推薦我們?nèi)⒂^一下孔廟?！究键c(diǎn)四、虛擬語氣在“Itistimethat…”句型中的應(yīng)用】在“It+is+（high或about）time+（that）主語從句”句型中，可用“did型”虛擬語氣，表示“做某事的時(shí)間早完了或早該做了”。例如：It'stimeyouwenttobed.你該睡覺了。ItisabouttimethatIwentandpickedupmylittlesonfromschool.到了我去接兒子放學(xué)的時(shí)間了。Itishightimethatyougotdowntowritingyourpapers.到了你好好寫論文的時(shí)候了。Itistimethatthatwetalkedaboutourbusiness.我們該談?wù)勆饬恕！究键c(diǎn)五、虛擬語氣在表語從句和同位語從句中的應(yīng)用】在proposal，suggestion，order，requirement，desire，decision，advice，plan，necessity等表示提議、要求、命令等名詞的后面的表語從句和同位語從句中，可用“動(dòng)詞原形”或“should+動(dòng)詞原形”虛擬語氣。例如：Hissuggestionisthatthemeetingbeputoff．他的建議是推遲開會。Myteacher’sadvisewasthatIchoosethelessfamousuniversitybutthemoresuitablemajor.我老師的建議是我選擇那所不太知名的大學(xué)但更適合我的專業(yè)。Theirfinaldecisionwasthattheymoveoutofthebuilding.他們的最后決定是搬出這座大樓。【考點(diǎn)六、虛擬語氣在讓步狀語從句中的應(yīng)用】以be開頭的讓步狀語從句Betheproblemeasyordifficult，thismethodworks．不管問題容易還是難，這種方法都起作用。Betherobbersmenorwomen,theyhavetobepunished.不管搶劫犯是男是女，都應(yīng)受到懲罰。第三節(jié)鞏固練習(xí)一、【基礎(chǔ)鞏固】1.IfI___tenyearsyounger,I______veryhappy.A.were,wouldbe

B.am,shallbeC.were,shallbe

D.am,wouldbe2.---Youcanaskyourbrotherforhelp.---Heisnotathome.Ifhe______,I______.A.is,would

B.were,wouldC.is,will

D.were,will3.Ifyou_____thedoctorsadvice,youwouldhavealreadyrecovered.A.follow

B.followedC.wouldfollow

D.hadfollowed4.Ifhehadnotmissedthetrain,he______therebythen.A.mightget

B.mighthavegotC.got

D.hadgot5.Whatwouldyouhavedonelastnight,ifyou______towriteyourhomework.A.hadn't

B.haven'thadC.didn'thave

D.hadn'thad6.---Didyoucatchtheplane?---No,ifIhadhurried,I______.A.would

B.wouldhaveC.could

D.did7.Whydidn'tyoutellhimthetruth?IfI______you,Iwouldhave.A.were

B.hadbeenC.am

D.wouldbe8.---Howdoyouliketheparty?---Wonderful.Ifyouhadcomewithus,you______agoodtime.A.had

B.hadhadC.wouldhave

D.wouldhavehad9.IfI______outofmyink,Iwouldhavefinishedwritingthepaper.A.didn'trun

B.shouldn'trunC.haven'trun

D.hadn'trun10.Ifyou______earlytomorrowmorning,youwouldbetherebynoon.A.havestarted

B.werestartC.weretostart

D.hadstarted11.Ifyou______tothemoononeday,youwouldfinditquitedifferentfromtheearth.A.travel

B.hadtravelledC.shouldtravel

D.havetrarelled12.What______yesterdayifyou______TVprogramme.A.wouldyoudo,hadn'twatchB.wouldyouhavedone,hadn'twatchedC.couldyoudo,didn'twatchD.wouldyouhavedone,didn'twatch13.----AreyouthinkingaboutgoingtoDalianforthevacation?----No,butifI______time,I______verygladtogothere.A.have,willbeB.hadhad,wouldhavebeenC.had,wouldbeD.hadhad,wouldbe14.----Mybossoftenmademeworkdayandnight.----IfI______

you,I______thejob.A.am,willgiveupB.hadbeenyou,wouldhavegivenupC.were,wouldgiveupD.hadbeenyou,wouldgiveup15.Ifyoutellmeallaboutit,I______abletodecide.A.wouldbe

B.couldbeC.were

D.shallbe16.Ifyou______George,wouldyoupleasetellhimtoringme?A.saw

B.weretoC.haveseen

D.see17.I'msurehehasn'tsenttheletter.Ifhe______it,I______.A.sent,gotB.sent,havegotC.sent,wouldgoD.hadsent,wouldhavegot18.----SallyfinallygotherefromChicago.----Ifshe______

earlier,we______hertothepartythen.A.came,wouldtakeB.hadcome,wouldhavetakenC.comes,willtakeD.hadcome,wouldtake19.Idon'tknowwhethertotakethemedicineatonce.IfI______，I______it.A.knew,wouldtakeB.hadknown,wouldhavetakenitC.knew,wouldhavetakenD.hadknown,wouldtake20.----Didyouneedanyhelpwithyourmathslastnight?----No,If______,I______you.A.had,wouldhavecalledB.had,wouldcallC.hadneeded,wouldhavecalledD.hadneeded,wouldcall二、【能力提高】1.Iwouldbuythatcar，ifI______enoughmoney.A.have

B.hadC.willhave

D.hadhad2.FordmighthavecometoschoolintimeforProfessorSmith'slecture,______.A.ifhegotupearlierB.unlesshehadgotupearlierC.buthegotupratherlateD.buthehadgotupsolate3.______theirhelpinthepastyears,hewouldbelivingahardlifeandmightevenhavestarvetodeath.A.WithB.IfitwerenotforC.IfithadnotbeenforD.Ifnot4.Ifithadnotrainedyesterday,theground______muddynow.A.isnotB.willnotbeC.wouldnotbeD.wouldnothavebeen5.You______anydifficultynow,ifyouhadmadeamorecarefulplan.A.won'tmeetwithB.wouldnotmeetwithC.wouldnothavemetwithD.havenotmetwith6.Hedidhisbestineverything,______hewouldnothavebeenwhathewas.A.and

B.butC.otherwise

D.butthat7.----Whatwouldyouwishtodoifyouweretobeacollegestudentagain?----That'sveryhardtosay,butIwishI______biologywhenIwasacollegestudent.A.hadstudied

B.studiedC.study

D.havestudied8.----Youshouldhavegonetotheshowwithusyeaterday.It'sverygood.----IwishedI______,butIwasbusywithmyreport.A.had

B.didC.wouldhave

D.were9.MrJohnsonsaidangrily,“Don'tordermeabout,asifI______yourwife.I'mnot.Weareboththeboss'smen.”A.were

B.amC.wouldbe

D.hadbeen10.______thethickfence,hewouldhavebeenmorefearful.A.Butfor

B.WithoutC.Ifitwerenotfor

D.bothAandB11.Hetalkedasifhe______toBeijing,butIknewhehadn't.A.went

B.wereC.hadbeen

D.wouldhavebeen12.----Wouldyouhavetoldhimtheawswer,ifpossible?----Yes,Iwouldhave,butI______verybusy.A.hadbeen

B.wereC.was

D.wouldbe13.Ifhe______inEngland,whatlanguagecouldheprobablyspeaknow?A.wereborn

B.hadbeenbornC.wouldhavebeenborn

D.wasborn14.Ifwe______Steven'sadvice,wewouldnotbelostintheforest.A.took

B.hadtakenC.havetaken

D.wouldtake15.Ifthegovenmenthadbuiltmorehousesforthehomelesspeopleaftertheearthquake,thehousingproblemsnowinsomepartsofthecity______soseriousnow.A.wouldn'tbeB.willnothavebeenC.wouldn'thavebeenD.wouldhavenotbeen16.Whataheavyrainitis!Ifwe______theraincoat,wewouldn't______intherain.A.hadputon,bewalkingB.puton,walkC.puton,bewalkingD.shouldputon,walk17.----Whyisthewindowbroken?----IfI______care,it______.A.took,wouldn'thappenB.hadtaken,wouldn'thavehappenedC.took,wouldn'thavehappenedD.hadtaken,wouldn'thappen18.----Doyouthinkthethiefenteredthroughthesidedoor?----No,ifhehad,he______thelivingroomwindow.A.wouldbreakB.wouldhavebrokenC.wouldn'tbreakD.wouldn'thavebroken19.I______oneofTom'spaintings,butifIhad,hewouldhavegivenittome.A.wanted

B.wantC.didn'twant

D.don'twant20.I'veforgottenhistelephonenumber.IfI______itdown,I______younow.A.put,wouldhavetoldB.put,wouldtellC.hadput,wouldhavetoldD.hadput,wouldtell三、【高考真題】1.Iftherewerenosubjunctivemood,English___mucheasier.

A.willbe

B.wouldhavebeenC.couldhavebeen

D.wouldbe2.Theguardatthegateinsistedthateverybody____therules

A.obeys

B.obeyC.willobey

D.wouldobey3.----“Theexperimenthadfailed!”----“Isuggestyou____again.”

A.try

BtryingC.willtry

D.wouldtry4.----“Heisaverybraveman.”----“Yes.IwishI____hiscourage.”

A.have

B.hadC.willhave

D.wouldhave5.Ifshehadworkedharder,she____.

A.wouldsucceed

B.hadsucceededC.shouldsucceed

D.wouldhavesucceeded6.Theplantisdead.I____it

morewater.

A.willgive

B.wouldhavegivenC.mustgive

D.shouldhavegiven7.IwishI____youyesterday.

A.seen

B.didseeC.hadseen

D.weretosee8.Ifmylawyer____herelastSaturday,he____mefromgoing.

A.hadbeen;wouldhavepreventedB.hadbeen;wouldpreventC.were;wouldpreventD.were;wouldhaveprevented9.He____youmorehelp,eventhoughhewasverybusy.

A.mighthavegiven

B.mightgiveC.mayhavegiven

D.maygive10.Withoutelectricityhumanlife____quitedifferenttoday.

A.is

B.willbeC.wouldhavebeen

D.wouldbe11.Ifit____forthesnow,we____themountainyesterday.

A.werenot;couldhaveclimbedB.werenot;couldclimbC.hadnotbeen;couldhaveclimbedD.hadnotbeen;couldclimb12.We____lastnight,butwewenttotheconcertinstead.

A.musthavestudied

B.mightstudyC.shouldhavestudied

D.wouldstudy13.----Ifhe____,he____thatfood.----Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately.

A.waswarned;wouldnottakeB.hadbeenwarned;wouldnothavetakenC.wouldbewarned;hadnottakenD.wouldhavebeenwarned;hadnottaken14.Ididn'tseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe____,shewouldhavemetmybrother.

A.hascome

B.didcomeC.came

D.hadcome15.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit____.

A.breaks

B.hasbrokenC.werebroken

D.hadbeenbroken16.Youdidn'tletmedrive.Ifwe____inturn,you____sotired.

A.drove;didn'tgetB.drove;wouldn'tgetC.weredriving;wouldn'tgetD.haddriven;wouldn'thavegot17.____hehadnothurthisleg,Johnwouldhavewontherace.（07全國II）

A.If B.Since C.Though D.When答案與分析1．選A。從句的意思反映出其愿望是不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的，應(yīng)該使用虛擬語氣。從各選項(xiàng)中分析只有A符合虛擬條件句的語法規(guī)則。2．選B。前文已經(jīng)給出，這是一個(gè)與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件從句。3．選D。從兩個(gè)方面分析都應(yīng)選D。從followthedoctor'sadvice動(dòng)作本身分析，這是個(gè)非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，所以它只能是要么已經(jīng)，要么將來，即要么與過去事實(shí)相反，要么與將來事實(shí)相反。從全句的意思中分析，應(yīng)是前者。也可以從主句中分析。它是與過去事實(shí)相反的wouldhaverecovered。從全句的意思上看，從句也應(yīng)是與過去事實(shí)相反。4．選B。上一題考查從句中時(shí)態(tài)的選用，而本題則是考查主句時(shí)態(tài)的選用。從句是與過去事實(shí)相反，根據(jù)從句的意思，主句也應(yīng)是與過去事實(shí)相反。5．選D。主句與從句都理解為與過去事實(shí)要反相才正確。haveto被否定后的意思是“不是不得不”，“不是非得”。have一詞作“有”解時(shí)，其否定和疑問的形式有兩種，youdon'thave,youhaven't，但作除“有”解以外的含義時(shí)，只能有第一種否定或疑問形式，所以選項(xiàng)A是錯(cuò)的。B項(xiàng)不是虛擬語氣，C項(xiàng)是與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硎聦?shí)相反故也須排除。6．選B。根據(jù)問句，if條件從句及全句的意思，主句只能理解為與過去事實(shí)相反，wouldhave是wouldhavecaught的省略。7．選B。從句應(yīng)理解為與過去事實(shí)相反，故選hadbeen。8．選D。問句中雖用現(xiàn)在時(shí)，但實(shí)際上是詢問過去的事，故主從句都是與過去事實(shí)相反，所以wouldhavehad是對的。9．選D。與過去事實(shí)相反的從句是過去完成時(shí)，故選hadn'trun。runoutof意為“用光”。10．選C。從句中的tomorrowmorning已經(jīng)告知我們，