2023屆上海市浦東新區(qū)高三下學(xué)期二模英語(yǔ)試題（解析版）

浦東新區(qū)2022學(xué)年度第二學(xué)期教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測(cè)高三英語(yǔ)試卷Ⅰ.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:anSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandaquestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.A.Hissuitistoooldtowear.B.Hedoesn’twanttowearasuit.C.He’llgoshoppingwiththewoman.D.Hedoes’wanttobuynewclothes.2.A.Hewilllookatthetimetablefirst.B.10:30isaperfecttimeforthereservation.C.ThebarbershopisfullybookedonSaturday.D.Noothercustomersplantomakeappointmentsat10:30.3.A.Shedidn’tbuytheticket.B.Theticketwasexpensive.C.Therearestillafewticketsleft.D.Shedoesn’tknowhowmuchtheticketcost.4.A.Heisquittingtheorchestraforacademicreasons.B.Heisblamedforbeingamemberoftheorchestra.C.Hedoesn’tenjoybeingamemberoftheorchestra.D.Hepreferstostudyratherthantravelandperform.5.A.Haveabiggerbreakfast.B.Maketimeforlunchinherschedule.C.Takeonlymorningclassesnextsemester.D.Changeherscheduleaftersheeatslunch.6.A.Shedoesn’tknowwherethecalculatoris.BSheexpectsthemantohavethecalculatorrepaired.C.She’dlikethemantoreturnthecalculatorbytonight.Dshe’sangryforthemanforgettingtobringthecalculator.7.A.Shehaslostthecreditcard.B.Theycan’tbuymealsatalowprice.C.Noneoftherestaurantsisworthatry.D.Themealsarelessexpensivethanexpected.8.A.Thelocationofthesessionhasbeenchanged.B.Shewilldefinitelygotothesessionthisevening.C.She’llprobablybetootiredtowalktothesession.D.Thesessionmightbecanceledbecauseofaheavysnow.9.A.Heisusuallynotbad-tempered.B.Hedoesn’tliketheman.C.Hestartedthesemesterinabadmood.D.Hehasfewresponsibilities.10.A.Thegirlmayrealizeherdreamwithsocialmedia.B.Thegirlcanpresentandrecordfashiononsocialmedia.C.Thegirtshouldfirstlearntomakeproperuseofsocialmedia.D.Thegirlin’tqualifiedasaninfluencerforherlackoftasteinfashion.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouscaraquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.Adifferentangle.B.Asharpmind.C.Variouswaysofworkout.D.Exposuretodifferentcultures.12.A.Hewillacceptthenewenvironmenteasily.B.Heislikelytostrugglewiththetravelbudget.C.Hewillhavetoorganizedifferentdailyroutine.D.cmayfindroadtripsmoreappealingthanbeachviews.13.A.Toshowtravellingmaybringhealthrisks.B.Toshowtravellingallowsyoutomeetnewpeople.C.Toshowtravellingcanchangeaperson’outlookonlife.D.Toshowtravellinggivesyouachancetochallengenewthings.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14.A.Todetectpotentialdangerincoldplaces.B.Togeneratemoreheatwithintheirbodies.C.Tokeeptheirbabieswarminbreedingseasons.D.Togetridofextraheatwithbiggerskinsurface.15.A.Woodmice.B.Batsinwarmclimaxes.C.Birdspecies.D.KangaroosinAustralia.16.A.Animalscopewithbodychanges.B.JoelAllen’sruleisoutofdate.C.Climatechangeposethreattospecies.D.Animalsadapttoawarmerworld.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.17.Byusingcash.B.Byenteringapassword.C.Byscanningthecode.D.Byusingatap-and-gocard.18.A.Becauseittouchesthecardreader.B.Becauseitusesthepassword.C.Becauseithasabuilt-insignalreceiver.D.Becauseitreceivetheflyingdata.19.A.Thebankwillcoveritsclientsagainsttheloss.B.everytransactioniscompletedwithinhalfasecond.C.PeoplemustentertheirIDcardnumberforcontinualuse.D.Eachpaymentisrestrictedtoacertainamountofmoney.20.A.Lookforhiswallet.B.Applyforatap-and-gocard.C.Borrowcashfromthewoman.D.Sticktobuyingthingsincash.Ⅱ.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,usonewordthatbestfitseachblank.EmilyDobekisaseventh-gradedatEastPrairieElementarySchool.Recentlyshe___1___(win)anationalprizebydesigningaspacestationfortravellingtoMars.Dobekracesherinterestinspaceandtheuniverseback___2___GradeThreewhensheandherfatherwatchedabloodmoon—atotallunareclipse(月食)—ontheroofoftheirhouse.Shesaysthatnightwatchingthelunareclipseawakenedherpassion___3___hasyettorunoutoffuel.So___4___herteacher,AndrewSmeeton,receivedinformationaboutthenationalchallenge,sheimmediatelyhadonestudentinmind.“Iknewshewouldlovethechallengeandthatshewouldgowaybeyondinherresearch,”Smeetonsaid.“Whenshestarted,bonedensity(骨密度)ofastronauts___5___(research)immediatelytofigureouthowtosurviveonMars.”AccordingtoDobek’design,theMarsStorageStation(MSS)willbebuilt___6___(accommodate)theneedforsufficientsupplies.Sheexplainshowherspacecraft—theAdventure—willbejoinedtoaspacestationbeforeflyingtotheMSStoloadsupplies.HerdesignincludestheSelfGrowingFarm,andshedetails___7___itwouldworkwithelementsonMars.ThenthereisphysicalandleisureactivityfortheastronautsunderDobek’sdesign.Asimulator(模擬器)allowsastronautstochoosetheirexercisemachineandvirtualrealityenvironment.Roomswithcircularceilingsallowastronautstowatch___8___(download)showsandevenseeplacesonEarth,suchastheirhomes.Chiefamongherimmediategoals,shesaid,istoinspire___9___withthisproject.“Iwanttotellotherkidstofollowtheirpassions,”Dobeksaid,“____10____theywanttodo,theyshouldkindofjustpushforit.Theyshouldalwaystrytheirbest.”【答案】1.haswon2.to3.that##which4.when5.wasresearched6.toaccommodate7how8.downloaded9.others10.whatever【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了EmilyDobek是一名七年級(jí)學(xué)生，她設(shè)計(jì)了一個(gè)前往火星的空間站，獲得了國(guó)家獎(jiǎng)。文章講述了她發(fā)明的過(guò)程和這一設(shè)計(jì)的作用?！?題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：最近，她設(shè)計(jì)了一個(gè)前往火星的空間站，獲得了國(guó)家獎(jiǎng)。根據(jù)Recently可知為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，主語(yǔ)為she，助動(dòng)詞用has。故填haswon。【2題詳解】考查介詞。句意：Dobek對(duì)太空和宇宙的興趣可以追溯到三年級(jí)，當(dāng)時(shí)她和父親在他們的屋頂上觀看了血月——月全食。短語(yǔ)backto表示“追溯到”。故填to?！?題詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：她說(shuō)，那天晚上看月食喚醒了她的激情，她的激情還沒(méi)有耗盡。修飾先行詞passion，在從句中作主語(yǔ)，指物，故用that/which。故填that/which?！?題詳解】考查狀語(yǔ)從句。句意：因此，當(dāng)她的老師AndrewSmeeton得知全國(guó)挑戰(zhàn)賽的消息時(shí)，她馬上想到了一個(gè)學(xué)生。引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”應(yīng)用when。故填when?！?題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：當(dāng)她開(kāi)始時(shí)，宇航員骨密度立即被研究出來(lái)，以弄清楚如何在火星上生存。主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，根據(jù)上文started可知為一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，主語(yǔ)為bonedensityofastronauts，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。故填wasresearched?！?題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：根據(jù)Dobek的設(shè)計(jì)，火星儲(chǔ)存站（MSS）的建造將滿(mǎn)足充足供應(yīng)的需要。此處accommodate作目的狀語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用不定式。故填toaccommodate?！?題詳解】考查賓語(yǔ)從句。句意：她的設(shè)計(jì)包括自我生長(zhǎng)的農(nóng)場(chǎng)，她詳細(xì)介紹了它將如何與火星上的元素一起工作。引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，從句缺少方式狀語(yǔ)，故用how。故填how?！?題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：有圓形天花板的房間可以讓宇航員觀看下載的節(jié)目，甚至可以看到地球上的地方，比如他們的家。修飾后文名詞shows應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞downloaded，作定語(yǔ)。故填downloaded?！?題詳解】考查代詞。句意：她說(shuō)，她的首要目標(biāo)是用這個(gè)項(xiàng)目激勵(lì)其他人。作賓語(yǔ)，表示“其他人”應(yīng)用代詞others。故填others?！?0題詳解】考查狀語(yǔ)從句。句意：無(wú)論他們想做什么，他們都應(yīng)該推動(dòng)它。引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“無(wú)論什么”應(yīng)用whatever。故填whatever。SectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.absenceB.doubleC.extendedD.functionsE.fundF.outpacedG.prospectsH.recordI.shiftedJ.steadyK.upwardJapanbirthsfalltorecordlowaspopulationcrisisdeepensJapansaw799,728birthsin2022,thelowestnumberonrecord.Thatnumberhasnearlyhalvedinthepast40years;bycontrast,Japanrecordedmorethan1.5millionbirthsin1982.Japanalsoreporteda(n)___11___highforpost-wardeathslastyear,atmorethan1.58million.Deathshave___12___birthsinJapanformorethanadecade,posingagrowingproblemforleadersoftheworld’sthird-largesteconomy.Theynowfaceaballooningelderlypopulation,alongwithashrinkingworkforceto___13___pensionsandhealthcareasdemandfromtheagingpopulationincreased.Japan’populationhasbeenin___14___declinesinceitseconomicboomofthe1980sandstoodat125.5millionin2021.Itsdeathrateof1.3isfarbelowtherateof2.1requiredtomaintainastablepopulation,inthe___15___ofimmigration.Thecountryalsohasoneofthehighestlifeexpectanciesintheworld;in2020,nearlyonein1,500peopleinJapanwereaged100orolder.TheseconcerningtrendsresultedinawarningfromPrimeministerthatJapanis“ontheedgeofnotbeingabletomaintainsocial___16___”andJapan“simplycannotwaitanylonger”insolvingtheproblemofitslowbirthrate.Anewgovernmentagencywillbesetuptofocusontheissue,withPrimeMinistersayingthathewantsthegovernmentto___17___itsspendingonchild-relatedprograms.Butmoneyalonemightnotbeabletosolvethecomplexproblem,withvarioussocialfactorscontributingtothelowbirthrate.Japan’shighcostofliving,limitedspaceandlackofchildcaresupportincitiesmakeitdifficulttoraisechildren,meaningfewercouplesarehavingkids.Urbancouplesarealsooftenfarfrom___18___familyinotherregions,whocouldhelpprovidesupport.In2022,Japanwasrankedoneoftheworld’smostexpensiveplacestoraiseachild.Andyet,thecountry’seconomyhassloweddownsincetheearly1990s,meaningfrustratinglylowagesandlittle___19___mobility.Theaveragerealannualhouseholdincomedeclinedfrom$50,600in1995to$43,300in2020.Attitudetowardmarriageandstartingfamilieshavealso____20____inrecentyears,withmorecouplesputtingoffbothduringthepandemic.【答案】11.H12.F13.E14.J15.A16.D17.B18.C19.K20.I【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了隨著人口危機(jī)的加深，日本的出生率降至歷史最低。文章說(shuō)明了出生率低，死亡率高對(duì)日本社會(huì)的影響。【11題詳解】考查名詞。句意：日本還報(bào)告說(shuō)，去年創(chuàng)下戰(zhàn)后死亡人數(shù)記錄歷史新高，超過(guò)158萬(wàn)人。結(jié)合句意表示“記錄”應(yīng)填名詞record，作賓語(yǔ)，不定冠詞提示用單數(shù)。故填record。故選H。【12題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：10多年來(lái)，日本的死亡人數(shù)一直超過(guò)出生人數(shù)，給這個(gè)世界第三大經(jīng)濟(jì)體的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人帶來(lái)了一個(gè)日益嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題。結(jié)合句意表示“超過(guò)”應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞outpace，作謂語(yǔ)，結(jié)合上文have可知為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。故填outpaced。故選F?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：他們現(xiàn)在面臨著不斷膨脹的老年人口，隨著老齡化人口需求的增加，為養(yǎng)老金和醫(yī)療保健提供資金的勞動(dòng)力也在減少。結(jié)合句意表示“提供資金”應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞fund，此處to為不定式符號(hào)，應(yīng)填原形。故填fund。故選E?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：自20世紀(jì)80年代經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮以來(lái)，日本人口一直在穩(wěn)步下降，2021年為1.255億。結(jié)合句意表示“穩(wěn)步”應(yīng)填形容詞steady，作定語(yǔ)修飾decline。故填steady。故選J?！?5題詳解】考查名詞。句意：它的死亡率為1.3，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)低于在沒(méi)有移民的情況下維持人口穩(wěn)定所需的2.1。結(jié)合句意表示“沒(méi)有，缺乏”應(yīng)填名詞absence，作賓語(yǔ)。故填absence。故選A?！?6題詳解】考查名詞。句意：這些令人擔(dān)憂(yōu)的趨勢(shì)導(dǎo)致首相警告說(shuō)，日本“處于無(wú)法維持社會(huì)功能的邊緣”，日本在解決低出生率問(wèn)題方面“不能再等待了”。結(jié)合句意表示“功能”應(yīng)填名詞function，前文沒(méi)有冠詞表示數(shù)量大于一應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。故填functions。故選D?！?7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：一個(gè)新的政府機(jī)構(gòu)將被設(shè)立來(lái)關(guān)注這個(gè)問(wèn)題，首相說(shuō)他希望政府在兒童相關(guān)項(xiàng)目上的支出增加一倍。結(jié)合句意表示“翻倍”應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞double，且為短語(yǔ)want…todosth.。故填double。故選B?！?8題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：城市夫婦往往遠(yuǎn)離其他地區(qū)的大家庭，他們可以幫助提供支持。結(jié)合句意表示“大家庭”應(yīng)填形容詞extended，構(gòu)成extendedfamily。作定語(yǔ)。故填extended。故選C?！?9題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：然而，自20世紀(jì)90年代初以來(lái)，這個(gè)國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)已經(jīng)放緩，這意味著令人沮喪的低年齡和幾乎沒(méi)有向上流動(dòng)的機(jī)會(huì)。結(jié)合句意表示“向上”應(yīng)填形容詞upward，作定語(yǔ)。故填upward。故選K?！?0題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：近年來(lái)，人們對(duì)婚姻和組建家庭的態(tài)度也發(fā)生了變化，越來(lái)越多的夫婦在疫情期間推遲了這兩項(xiàng)計(jì)劃。結(jié)合句意表示“變化”應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞shift，結(jié)合上文have可知為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。故填shifted。故選I。ⅢReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasedmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Arecentseriesofstudiesexaminedtheroleoftalentinthesportsworld.Theyfocusedonthreedifferentsports:WorldCupsoccer,professionalbasketball,andprofessionalbaseball.Theresultsaremixed.Forsoccerandbasketball,thestudiesrevealedthataddingtalentedplayerstoateamisindeeda(n)___21___strategy,butonlyuptoapoint.Performance___22___whenabout70%oftheplayerswereconsideredtoptalent.Abovethatlevel,theteam’sperformancebegantodecline.Interestingly,thistrendwasnotevidentinbaseball,whereadditional___23___talentcontinuedtoenhancetheteam’sperformance.(Figure1and2)Inlookingforanexplanationforthedifferentresultsfordifferentsports,theresearchers___24___oneimportantfactor—theextenttowhichagoodperformancebyateamrequireditsmemberstocoordinate(協(xié)調(diào))theiractions.Thistask___25___distinguishesbaseballfrombasketballandsoccer.Inbaseball,theperformanceofindividualplayersis___26___teammatesthaninsoccerandbasketball.Theresearchersconcludedthatwhen,duringthecourseofplay,taskinterdependenceishigh,teamperformancewill___27___whenthereistoomuchtalentinthegroup.Whentaskinterdependenceislower,___28___individualtalentwillhaveapositiveeffectonteamperformance.Oneexplanationforthisphenomenonisnotsofarfromthepeckingorder(等級(jí)排序)situationamongchickens.Ifabasketballstarispursuinghisownpersonalgoals,___29___tryingtogatherahighpersonalpointtotal,hemaybeless___30___thanteamplayer.Hemaytakeashothimselfwhenitwouldbebettertopasstheballtoateammate,thusmakingtheteam’soverallperformancesuffer.“Thereisno___31___inTEAM,”youngchildrenlearningtoplayteamsportsareoftentold.Apparentlystars___32___followthisbasicprincipleofsportsmanship.Anotherpossibilityisthatwhenthereisalotoftalentonateam,someplayersmaybeginto___33___ThisisreferredtoastheRingelmanneffect.Ringelmannconductedanexperimentinwhichheaskedtwo,three,four,andupto28peopletoparticipateinagameoftug-of-war.Hemeasuredhowmuchforceeachpersonusedtopulltherope.Hefoundthatwheneverheaddedapersontotheteam,everyoneelsepulledwithlessforce.___34___theidealteam—forsports,business,science,orentertainment—ismorecomplicatedthansimplyhiringthebesttalent.AnA-teammayrequirea___35___notjustAplayers,butafewgenerousBplayersaswell.21.A.sensible B.partial C.alarming D.attainable22.A.faded B.peaked C.evolved D.proceeded23.A.team B.creative C.academic D.individual24.A.identified B.overlooked C.considered D.concealed25.A.explanation B.conclusion C.discussion D.interdependence26.A.moresuitablefor B.morecriticalto C.lessdependenton D.lessinvolvedin27.A.swing B.suffer C.endure D.function28.A.inprinciple B.inasense C.inotherwords D.ontheotherhand29.A.asarule B.bycontrast C.forexample D.asamatteroffact30.A.stressed B.genuine C.sensitive D.generous31.A.I B.HE C.THEY D.WE32.A.closely B.rarely C.humbly D.jointly33.A.makelesseffort B.causemoretrouble C.takelessadvantage D.attachmoreimportance34.A.Inspiring B.Intensifying C.Gathering D.Training35.A.exploration B.balance C.stability D.flexibility【答案】21.A22.B23.D24.A25.D26.C27.B28.D29.C30.D31.A32.B33.A34.C35.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了最近的一系列研究考察了天賦在體育界的作用。他們專(zhuān)注于三種不同的運(yùn)動(dòng)：世界杯足球、職業(yè)籃球和職業(yè)棒球。對(duì)于足球和籃球來(lái)說(shuō)，研究表明，為球隊(duì)增加有天賦的球員確實(shí)是一個(gè)明智的策略，但這只是在一定程度上。文章介紹了研究的一些發(fā)現(xiàn)以及背后的原因?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：對(duì)于足球和籃球來(lái)說(shuō)，研究表明，為球隊(duì)增加有天賦的球員確實(shí)是一個(gè)明智的策略，但這只是在一定程度上。A.sensible理智的；B.partial部分的；C.alarming令人擔(dān)憂(yōu)的；D.attainable可以達(dá)到的。后文“whenabout70%oftheplayerswereconsideredtoptalent”提到當(dāng)大約70%的球員被認(rèn)為是頂尖人才時(shí)，他們的表現(xiàn)達(dá)到頂峰，所以為球隊(duì)增加有天賦的球員確實(shí)是一個(gè)明智的策略，故選A?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)大約70%的球員被認(rèn)為是頂尖人才時(shí)，他們的表現(xiàn)達(dá)到頂峰。A.faded褪色，消退；B.peaked到達(dá)高點(diǎn)；C.evolved逐漸形成；D.proceeded進(jìn)行。根據(jù)后文“Abovethatlevel,theteam’sperformancebegantodecline.(超過(guò)這個(gè)水平，球隊(duì)的表現(xiàn)開(kāi)始下降)”可知，當(dāng)大約70%的球員被認(rèn)為是頂尖人才時(shí)，他們的表現(xiàn)達(dá)到頂峰。故選B?！?3題詳解】考查名詞和形容詞詞義辨析。句意：有趣的是，這種趨勢(shì)在棒球運(yùn)動(dòng)中并不明顯，在棒球運(yùn)動(dòng)中，個(gè)人天賦的增加會(huì)繼續(xù)提高球隊(duì)的表現(xiàn)。A.team隊(duì)伍；B.creative創(chuàng)造性的；C.academic學(xué)業(yè)的；D.individual單獨(dú)的，個(gè)人的。第三段中“Inbaseball,theperformanceofindividualplayersis”提到了在棒球比賽中，球員的個(gè)人表現(xiàn)不像足球和籃球那樣依賴(lài)于隊(duì)友，所以在棒球運(yùn)動(dòng)中，個(gè)人天賦的增加會(huì)繼續(xù)提高球隊(duì)的表現(xiàn)。故選D?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：為了解釋不同運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目的不同結(jié)果，研究人員確定了一個(gè)重要因素——一個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)的良好表現(xiàn)對(duì)其成員協(xié)調(diào)行動(dòng)的要求程度。A.identified識(shí)別，確定；B.overlooked忽視；C.considered考慮；D.concealed隱藏。根據(jù)后文“oneimportantfactor”指研究確定了運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目的重要因素。故選A。【25題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這種任務(wù)的相互依賴(lài)性將棒球與籃球和足球區(qū)分開(kāi)來(lái)。A.explanation解釋?zhuān)籅.conclusion結(jié)論；C.discussion討論；D.interdependence互相依賴(lài)。根據(jù)后文“taskinterdependenceishigh”可知，這里指相互依賴(lài)性將棒球與籃球和足球區(qū)分開(kāi)來(lái)。故選D?！?6題詳解】考查短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：在棒球比賽中，球員的個(gè)人表現(xiàn)不像足球和籃球那樣依賴(lài)于隊(duì)友。A.moresuitablefor更合適……的；B.morecriticalto更批判的；C.lessdependenton對(duì)……沒(méi)那么依賴(lài)的；D.lessinvolvedin少參與的。上文提到在相互依賴(lài)性中棒球與籃球和足球有區(qū)分，這是因?yàn)樵诎羟虮荣愔?，球員的個(gè)人表現(xiàn)不像足球和籃球那樣依賴(lài)于隊(duì)友。故選C?！?7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：研究人員得出的結(jié)論是，在比賽過(guò)程中，當(dāng)任務(wù)之間的相互依賴(lài)性很高時(shí)，當(dāng)團(tuán)隊(duì)中有太多天才時(shí)，團(tuán)隊(duì)表現(xiàn)就會(huì)受到影響。A.swing搖擺；B.suffer變差，遭受；C.endure持續(xù)存在；D.function運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。根據(jù)上文“taskinterdependenceishigh”以及后文“whenthereistoomuchtalentinthegroup”可知，當(dāng)任務(wù)之間的相互依賴(lài)性很高時(shí)，當(dāng)團(tuán)隊(duì)中有太多天才時(shí)，團(tuán)隊(duì)表現(xiàn)就會(huì)受到影響。故選B?！?8題詳解】考查介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：另一方面，當(dāng)任務(wù)相互依賴(lài)程度較低時(shí)，個(gè)體才能會(huì)對(duì)團(tuán)隊(duì)績(jī)效產(chǎn)生積極影響。A.inprinciple原則上；B.inasense在某種意義上；C.inotherwords換句話(huà)說(shuō)；D.ontheotherhand另一方面。后文是在說(shuō)明相互依賴(lài)程度低的情況，即“另一方面”。故選D。【29題詳解】考查介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：如果一個(gè)籃球明星追求的是他自己的個(gè)人目標(biāo)，例如試圖獲得更高的個(gè)人總得分，他可能沒(méi)有團(tuán)隊(duì)球員慷慨。A.asarule通常；B.bycontrast相比之下；C.forexample例如；D.asamatteroffact事實(shí)上。后文“tryingtogatherahighpersonalpointtotal”是對(duì)籃球明星追求的是他自己的個(gè)人目標(biāo)進(jìn)行舉例，故選C?！?0題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：如果一個(gè)籃球明星追求的是他自己的個(gè)人目標(biāo)，例如試圖獲得更高的個(gè)人總得分，他可能沒(méi)有團(tuán)隊(duì)球員慷慨。A.stressed緊張的；B.genuine真正的；C.sensitive敏感的；D.generous慷慨的。根據(jù)后文“Hemaytakeashothimselfwhenitwouldbebettertopasstheballtoateammate,thusmakingtheteam’soverallperformancesuffer.(當(dāng)傳球給隊(duì)友更好的時(shí)候，他可能會(huì)自己投籃，從而使球隊(duì)的整體表現(xiàn)受到影響)”可知，如果一個(gè)籃球明星追求的是他自己的個(gè)人目標(biāo)，例如試圖獲得更高的個(gè)人總得分，他可能沒(méi)有團(tuán)隊(duì)球員慷慨。故選D?！?1題詳解】考查代詞詞義辨析。句意：學(xué)習(xí)團(tuán)隊(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)的孩子們經(jīng)常被告知“TEAM（團(tuán)體）一詞中沒(méi)有I（我）”。A.I我；B.HE他；C.THEY他們；D.WE我們。根據(jù)后文“inTEAM”可知，team單詞中沒(méi)有I，即強(qiáng)調(diào)團(tuán)體，而不是個(gè)人的作用。故選A。【32題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：顯然，明星們很少遵循這一運(yùn)動(dòng)員精神的基本原則。A.closely密切地；B.rarely很少；C.humbly謙虛地；D.jointly共同地。上文“Hemaytakeashothimselfwhenitwouldbebettertopasstheballtoateammate,thusmakingtheteam’soverallperformancesuffer.(當(dāng)傳球給隊(duì)友更好的時(shí)候，他可能會(huì)自己投籃，從而使球隊(duì)的整體表現(xiàn)受到影響)”可知，顯然，明星隊(duì)員很少遵循這一運(yùn)動(dòng)員精神的基本原則。故選B?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：另一種可能性是，當(dāng)一個(gè)球隊(duì)有很多天才時(shí)，一些球員可能會(huì)開(kāi)始不那么努力。A.makelesseffort不努力；B.causemoretrouble造成更多麻煩；C.takelessadvantage少占點(diǎn)便宜；D.attachmoreimportance重視。根據(jù)后文“ThisisreferredtoastheRingelmanneffect.Ringelmannconductedanexperimentinwhichheaskedtwo,three,four,andupto28peopletoparticipateinagameoftug-of-war.Hemeasuredhowmuchforceeachpersonusedtopulltherope.Hefoundthatwheneverheaddedapersontotheteam,everyoneelsepulledwithlessforce.(這就是所謂的林格曼效應(yīng)。林格曼進(jìn)行了一項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)，他讓2人、3人、4人，最多28人參加了一場(chǎng)拔河比賽。他測(cè)量了每個(gè)人拉繩子時(shí)用的力。他發(fā)現(xiàn)，每當(dāng)他增加一個(gè)人到團(tuán)隊(duì)中，其他人拉的力都更小)”說(shuō)明了，當(dāng)一個(gè)球隊(duì)有很多天才時(shí)，一些球員可能會(huì)開(kāi)始不那么努力。故選A?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在體育、商業(yè)、科學(xué)或娛樂(lè)領(lǐng)域組建理想的團(tuán)隊(duì)，比簡(jiǎn)單地雇傭最優(yōu)秀的人才要復(fù)雜得多。A.Inspiring鼓舞；B.Intensifying加緊；C.Gathering聚集；D.Training訓(xùn)練。根據(jù)后文“theidealteam—forsports,business,science,orentertainment—ismorecomplicatedthansimplyhiringthebesttalent”可知這里指組建團(tuán)隊(duì)，故選C?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：A級(jí)團(tuán)隊(duì)可能需要一個(gè)平衡——不僅是A級(jí)球員，還要有一些慷慨的B級(jí)球員。A.exploration探索；B.balance平衡；C.stability穩(wěn)定性；D.flexibility靈活性。根據(jù)后文“notjustAplayers,butafewgenerousBplayersaswell.”可知，團(tuán)隊(duì)需要A級(jí)球員，還要有一些慷慨的B級(jí)球員，即需要平衡。故選B。sectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicemarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Itwasawinterafternoonwhen,rushingtoattendthefinalshowofmyartschooldegree,Icaughttheheelofmybootontheedgeofapavement.Suddenly,Iwasflyingthroughtheair.Ifthepasttwoyearsstudyingphotographyhadtaughtmeanything,itwasanappreciationofhowthingscanchangeinathousandthofasecond.Light,shadow,colours,allareinaconstantstateofflux(不斷的變動(dòng))—asislife.Andsincecrash-landingontomyleftshoulder,Ihavebeenlivingthroughthetruthofthiswisdom.Thatday,doctorsdiagnosedacrackedbone.Itwasonlythenextmorningwhen,instinctively,Itriedtocapturesomespectacularsunlightstreamingintomykitchen,thatIhadtofacetheharshreality:Icouldnolongerliftmycamera,letaloneusit.Latchthatweek,ahospitalappointmentconfirmedmyworstscar—thearmneededtotalrest.Soon,Ibecamecantankerousandimpatient.Icouldn’ttravel,Icould’tgoanywheremuch.Surfingonline,Icameacrosstheconceptofgratitudeinterventionsandtheirroleinboostingmoodandwellbeing.ACalifornianpsychologist,SonjaLyubomirsky,haspioneeredresearchintousingadailyphotographypracticeasatoolforenhancedgratitude.Herinstructionsaresimple,butnotnecessarilycask.Takephotographsthroughoutthedayofthingsthatarecentraltowhoyouare.Takeatleastfivephotosaday.Initially,itfeltlikeademandingtask.Butreadinghowparticipantsassignedtothegratitudeinterventionshadexperiencedenhancedpositiveemotions,Idecidedtopersevere.Painforcedmetoslowdown,becausecapturingasingleiPhonephotowaspainful.And,yet,thestruggletofindanythingtofeelgratefulabout,andthentorecordit,startedtodramaticallyimprovebothmymoodandmyimages.Ibegantophotographthemostboringdetailsofmydays,frommybreakfastcuptoaredpepperreflectedinthewindow.Despiteeverything,IfoundIcouldfindmagicintheordinary.“Lifeseemsrepetitiveandboringwhenyoudon’tnoticetheuniquenessofeachmomentandtheconstantsubtlechangesthataregoingonallaroundyou,”writeAndyKarrinawonderfulbookonphotography.Iagree,butdon’tjusttakemywordforit—experienceitforyourself.36.Whathappenedtothewriteronthewinterafternoon?A.Shewenttoherclassmate’sdegreeshowinahurry.B.Shetrippedoverandbrokehershoulderbone.C.Shewastaughtanunforgettablelessononphotography.D.Shetookaphotoofatragiccrash-landingtobeonshow.37.Theunderlinedword“cantankerous”inparagraph3isclosestinmeaningto______.A.suspiciousofthehospitaldiagnosisB.desperatetohavemyinjurytreatedC.enthusiasticaboutboostingwellbeingD.bad-temperedandalwayscomplaining38.Thewriterphotographedtheboringliferoutinebecause______.A.underlyingmagicconsistedindailyaffairsB.gratitudefuelledastruggleagainstboredomC.itwascentraltotheessenceofphotographyD.shefeltlikebeingassigneddemandingtasks39.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.ExpressGratitudetoWinterB.BecomeaMasterofPhotographyC.WitnessRebirthoutofInjuryD.PicturethisbeautyintheOrdinary【答案】36.B37.D38.A39.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。主要介紹的是作者趕著去參加藝術(shù)學(xué)院學(xué)位的最后一次展示的途中被絆倒意外受傷，休息期間在了解到了“感恩干預(yù)”理念，并在這一理念的幫助下改善了休息期間作者的情緒，懂得了在平凡中也可以發(fā)現(xiàn)奇跡。【36題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Itwasawinterafternoonwhen,rushingtoattendthefinalshowofmyartschooldegree,Icaughttheheelofmybootontheedgeofapavement.Suddenly,Iwasflyingthroughtheair.(那是一個(gè)冬天的下午，我趕著去參加藝術(shù)學(xué)院學(xué)位的最后一次展示，靴子的鞋跟被人行道的邊緣絆了一下。突然，我在空中飛了起來(lái)。)”以及第二段中的“Thatday,doctorsdiagnosedacrackedbone.(那一天，醫(yī)生診斷出骨頭開(kāi)裂。)”可知，作者在趕著去參加藝術(shù)學(xué)院學(xué)位的最后一次展示的途中意外被絆倒傷到了骨頭。故選B項(xiàng)。【37題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線(xiàn)單詞與其后的impatient(和沒(méi)耐心的)為并列關(guān)系可知，該單詞的意思與“沒(méi)耐心”相近，結(jié)合第三段中的“Icouldn’ttravel.Icouldn’tgoanywheremuch.(我不能旅行。我哪兒也去不了。)”可知，作者在摔傷后不能外出，所以作者應(yīng)該是很“暴躁”。故選D項(xiàng)。【38題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Ibegantophotographthemostboringdetailsofmydays,frommybreakfastcuptoaredpepperreflectedinthewindow.Despiteeverything,IfoundIcouldfindmagicintheordinary.(我開(kāi)始拍攝我生活中最無(wú)聊的細(xì)節(jié)，從早餐杯到反射在窗戶(hù)上的紅辣椒。不管怎樣，我發(fā)現(xiàn)我能在平凡中找到魔力。)”可知，作者拍攝生活中的無(wú)聊的細(xì)節(jié)是發(fā)現(xiàn)能在平凡中找到生活中的魔力，也就是說(shuō)，魔力就在平凡的生活中。故選A項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)尾段中““Lifeseemsrepetitiveandboringwhenyoudon’tnoticetheuniquenessofeachmomentandtheconstantsubtlechangesthataregoingonallaroundyou,”writeAndyKarrinawonderfulbookonphotography.Iagree,butdon’tjusttakemywordforit—experienceitforyourself.(安迪·卡爾在一本關(guān)于攝影的好書(shū)中寫(xiě)道：“當(dāng)你沒(méi)有注意到每一個(gè)時(shí)刻的獨(dú)特性和周?chē)粩喟l(fā)生的微妙變化時(shí)，生活就會(huì)變得重復(fù)而無(wú)聊?！蔽彝猓灰幌嘈盼业脑?huà)——自己去體驗(yàn)。)”并結(jié)合講述的作者自己的經(jīng)歷可知，不能發(fā)現(xiàn)生活中每個(gè)時(shí)刻的獨(dú)特性和生活中發(fā)生的微妙變化時(shí)，生活就會(huì)變得單調(diào)而無(wú)聊，所以，應(yīng)該在生活中多注意這些平凡的瑣事以及周?chē)l(fā)生的微妙變就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，平凡生活中的美好，D項(xiàng)“想象一下平凡中的美”適合做文章標(biāo)題。故選D項(xiàng)。(B)ENTERTAINMENT|RESTAURANTS|THEATRE|FILM|MUSIC|EXHIBITIONSAnotablehighlightoftheshowwastherealconfidenceofthesinging.SamHallwasajoytowatch,withperfectcomictiming,aswasEmmaWilliams,thoroughlybelievableandconvincinginherrole.Thesetwoyoungtalentsstoletheshow,inmyopinion.Theonlydisadvantageisappointmentswerethedancing,whichshowedalackoforiginality,andtheopeningscene,whichfellalittleflat.Despitetheoccasionaltechnicalflaws,thiswasahighlyenjoyableandgreatlyimpressiveproduction,whichthecompanyshouldbeproudof.IwasreallylookingforwardtoJonathanBaker’slatest,whichissetinanimagined,butrealistic,Londonofthescarfuture.ButIfoundthisneweffortwasactdownbytheslightlyone-dimensionalcharacterization,andthewritingisbelowstandardforthemostpart:someoftheearlyscentsbetweenMarthaandherhusbandareslightlyboring.Thesuperbcharacterizationandambitionthatbakerdemonstratedinhispreviousnovelsseemtobemissinghere.Baker’commitmenttodescribingthelivesofordinarypeopleisadmirable,butthewholethingislackinginenergy.Thisisepisodenumberthreeinthenearlytwenty-year-oldseries,deliveringaveryattractiveandinterestingstoryandloadsofcomedy.Thereissomestrongwritingandvoiceacting,butthenewepisodechoosestogoforalinear(線(xiàn)性的)narrative,withsomepuzzleincludedalongtheway,whichislessinvolvingthanthethemeofexplorationandconversationwhichpreviousepisodehavedependedon.Besides,thepuzzlearenotparticularlyengaging,andmanyofthemhavebeenseenbeforeinotheradventuregames.Thevisualsareextremelyimpressive,ofcourse,aswehavecometoexpect,thistimefeaturingvenuesinCatalonia.Butoverall,aslightdisappointment.40.Theunderlinedphrase“stoletheshow”mostprobablymeans______.A.disappointedtheproducer B.ruinedthewholeperformanceC.attractedthemostattention D.exhibitedexcessiveconfidence41.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutJonathanBakerisTRUE?A.Heexcelsinone-dimensionalcharacterization.B.Hisnovelscenteraroundordinarypeople’slives.C.Hisnovelsshowconsistentsupercharacterizationandambition.D.HeispassionateaboutpresentingrealisticimagesoffutureLondon.42.Thepuzzleinepisodenumberthree______.A.areintegratedinthenarrative B.arcappealingtotheaudienceC.dealwiththethemeofexploration D.areabsentinotheradventuregames【答案】40.C41.B42.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要是對(duì)一場(chǎng)表演、一個(gè)作家以及一部劇集的評(píng)價(jià)。【40題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一部分“SamHallwasajoytowatch,withperfectcomictiming,aswasEmmaWilliam