湖北省鄂東南省級示范高中教育教學(xué)改革聯(lián)盟學(xué)校起點(diǎn)考試2024-2025學(xué)年高一上學(xué)期開學(xué)考試英語試題

2024年秋季鄂東南省級示范高中教育教學(xué)改革聯(lián)盟學(xué)校起點(diǎn)考試高一英語試卷考試時(shí)間：2024年10月15日上午09：4511：45試卷滿分：150分第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whatconcernsthemanabouttheoilpany?A.Itcauseswaterpollution.B.Itmakeslocalslosetheirjobs.C.Itresultsinafightonsocialmedia.2.Wherewillthemanbe?A.Athome.B.Inashop.C.Inatheater.3.Whatdidthemandislikeaboutthesandwich?A.Ham.B.Cheese.C.Tomatoes.4.Whatcanweknowabouttheshirtsfromthenewshop?A.Theysellwell.B.Theyareofbadquality.C.Theyarespeciallydesigned.5.WhyisMargaretcallingJoe?A.Shecan’tsleep.B.Shehadanaccident.C.Shelostsomething.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.WhendidtheEuropeanmusicianpletelylosehishearing?A.Inhis20s.B.Inhis40s.C.Inhis50s.7Whatistheconversationmainlyabout?A.Disability.B.Music.C.Age.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Wherearethespeakersprobably?A.Inakindergarten.B.Inahospital.C.Inaschool.9.Whydoesthewomanwanttobeadentist?A.Shethinksitwouldbelessstressful.B.Sheconsidersitagoodchallenge.C.Herparentssuggestedshedoit.10.Whatwillthewomandotonight?A.Discussaproblemwiththeman.B.Makeaphonecall.C.Asktheteacheraquestion.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Whatistheconversationmainlyabout?A.Lenvingajob.B.Managingateam.C.Introducingacountry.12.Whendoestheconversationtakeplace?A.InJune.B.InSeptember.C.InDecember.13.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Husbandandwife.B.Fatheranddaughter.C.Bossandemployee.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.Whatarethespeakerslookingfor?A.Arock.B.Atemple.C.Amountain.15.Howdothespeakersknowwheretogo?A.Theyhavebeentherebefore.B.Theyareusingtheirphones.C.Theyarefollowingamap.16.Whatanimaldoesthewomandoubttheyhaveseen?A.Aneagle.B.Agoat.C.Abigcat.17.Whatarethespeakersprobably?A.Students.B.Teachers.C.Photographers.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.Whereisthespeakerstayingnow?A.InChina.B.InFrance.C.IntheUK.19.WhatdoesthespeakerthinkofBritishpeople?A.Theyarequiet.B.Theyarehelpful.C.Theyareoptimistic.20.Whenwillthespeaker’sfriendtalkalot?A.Whenheisaskedhowtostudylanguages.B.Whenhetravelsbytrainwiththespeaker.C.Whenhetalksaboutmountainclimbing.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)ADuringtheslowsummerseason,perhapsyouliketostakeoutaspotonabeachorlakeside,armedwithanoldfavoriteoranewcuriosity,you’reexpectedtoreachforourtoreadlistsandconsidertheseremendationsfromHarvardLibrarystaffers.(TitlesavailablethroughHolliscontainlinks.)FullTilt:IrelandtoIndiawithaBicyclebyDervlaMurphyIrishwriterDervlaMurphytraveledalonetomanynonWesterncountries,almostalwaysbybicycle.Shelivedwillinglywithhardshipandprivation:intensecoldandheat;fleas;unreliablefoodsupplies;poorroadconditionsornoroads;nodoctors,nolaundromats,andnobikemechanics.In“FullTilt”andotherbooks,shelookmetoplacesI’llnevervisitandsharedexperiencesI’llneverhave,asmanygreatbooksdo.—JuneRutkowski,HarvardLibraryInformationandTechnicalServicesEnsihySlipIntoAnotherWorld:ALifeinMusicbyHenryThreadgillandBrentHayesEdwardsTheautobiographyofthePulitzerPrizewinningposerandavantgardejazzsaxophonistandflutistHenryThreadgillisanextremelyreadableandhardtoputdownmemoir(回憶錄).Asexpected,onelearnsofthemanyinfluencesthatledtoThreadgill’suniqueandinstantlyrecognizablemusic.Whatmakesthismemoiruniquefromotherautobiographiesofjazzmusiciansarethenearly100pagesdevotedtoThroadgill’sexperiencesasaBlackinfantrymanintheVietnamWar;thesememoriesarerawandvividlytold.EdCopenhagen,referencearchivistListenfortheLiebyAmyTinteraIdon’tnormallyreadmurdermysterynovels,butthiswaschosenbymybookclubandIwashookedfrombeginningtoend!Thesarcastichumorofthemaincharacterlightensthetoneandpreventsthestoryfromgettingtoodark.Ireadthisbookbutotherswholistenedtotheaudiobooksaiditwasreallywelldone.HannahHack,administrativecoordinatoratHarvardUniversityArchiveNineLives:Mystery,Magic,Death,andLifeinNewOrleansbyDanBaumIrecentlywenttoNewOrleansandwantedtoreadmoreaboutthecity,soIpickedup“NineLives.”ThisfascinatingbookfollowsninepeoplelivinginNewOrleansfromverydifferentwalksoflife.ThebookspanstheperiodoftimebetweenHurricaneBetsyin1965throughthedevastatingHurricaneKatrinain2005.EachpersondocumentedshowsadifferentaspectofNewOrleanscultureandhowresilientpeopleandmunitiescanbe.—SusanGilman,librarianatTozzerLibrary1.WhatmakesHenryandBrent’smemoirdifferentfromothers’?A.Itfocusesonlyonhismusiccareer.B.ItincludesadetailedaccountofhistimeintheVietnamWar.CItiswritteninadiaryform.D.Itfeaturesinterviewswithotherjazzmusicians.2.Whichbookexplorestheculturalinfluenceofhistoricaleventsonamixedgroup?A.FullTilt:IrelandtoIndiawithaBicycleB.EasilySlipIntoAnotherWorld:ALifeinMusicC.ListenfortheLieD.NineLives:Mystery,Magic,Death,andLifeinNewOrleans3.Whatdothebookshaveinmon?A.Theyallinvolvepersonalhardships. B.Theyareallsetinhistoricalcontexts.C.Theyareallremendedbyprofessionals. D.Theyareallmurdermysteries.【答案】1.B2.D3.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了四本書的情況?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)EnsihySlipIntoAnotherWorld:ALifeinMusicbyHenryThreadgillandBrentHayesEdwards部分中“Whatmakesthismemoiruniquefromotherautobiographiesofjazzmusiciansarethenearly100pagesdevotedtoThroadgill’sexperiencesasaBlackinfantrymanintheVietnamWar;thesememoriesarerawandvividlytold.(這本回憶錄與其他爵士音樂家自傳的獨(dú)特之處在于，將近100頁的篇幅講述了Throadgill作為一名黑人步兵在越南戰(zhàn)爭中的經(jīng)歷；這些記憶是原始而生動的)”可知，讓亨利和布倫特的回憶錄與眾不同的是書中詳細(xì)記述了他在越南戰(zhàn)爭中的經(jīng)歷。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)NineLives:Mystery,Magic,Death,andLifeinNewOrleans部分中“ThebookspanstheperiodoftimebetweenHurricaneBetsyin1965throughthedevastatingHurricaneKatrinain2005.EachpersondocumentedshowsadifferentaspectofNewOrleanscultureandhowresilientpeopleandmunitiescanbe.(這本書的時(shí)間跨度從1965年的颶風(fēng)“貝琪”到2005年毀滅性的颶風(fēng)“卡特里娜”。每一個(gè)被記錄的人都展示了新奧爾良文化的不同方面，以及人們和社區(qū)的彈性)”可知，這本書探索了歷史事件對不同群體的文化影響，故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Duringtheslowsummerseason,perhapsyouliketostakeoutaspotonabeachorlakeside,armedwithanoldfavoriteoranewcuriosity,you’reexpectedtoreachforourtoreadlistsandconsidertheseremendationsfromHarvardLibrarystaffers.(在緩慢的夏季，也許你喜歡在海灘或湖邊找個(gè)地方，帶著舊的最愛或新的好奇心，你應(yīng)該去看我們的閱讀清單，并考慮哈佛圖書館工作人員的這些建議)”可知，它們的共同點(diǎn)是都得到了專業(yè)人士的推薦，故選C。BGrowingupinavillageineasternNepal’sBhojpurMountains,MiraRaihaddreamsfarbeyondtheconventionalexpectationsforNepaliwomen.Theeldestdaughteroffivechildren,shewasexpectedtofetchwater,tendcropsandlivestock,andhelpoutathome.Byage12,shestoppedattendingschoolregularly,andinsteadhauledheavybagsofriceupanddownsteeptrails—oftenbarefoot—totradeatthemarket.Itwashardworkbutgreattrainingforafuturetrailrunner.“Asagirl,”Rairecalls,“Iwouldconstantlybetoldtoknowmyplace,suppressmyvoice,andactinacertainmanner.Forme,breakingfreefromthesetraditionsitselfwasabigdream.”Severalyearsago,Rai’sdreambecamerealityduringarunoutsideKathmanduwhentwomaletrailrunnersinvitedhertoenterherfirsttrailrace,theKathmanduWestValleyRim50K.Withnopriorexperience,nospecialgear,ortrainingandastheonlywomaninthepetition,sheastonishinglybeateveryoneeventhemen.Fromthere,amunityofsupporterscametogiveherachancetopeteininternationaltrailrunningpetitions.Today,therunningworldrecognizesRaiasahighelevationtrailracingphenomenon.NowshehasmadeitamissiontoempowerbothwomenandmenofNepalthroughsports.“WehaverealizedthatNepalhastremendouspotentialtodeveloppetitiveathletes,”shesays.“It’shardtofindgoodrolemodelsforyoungwomeninourregion,especiallyoneingfromthesameruralvillagebackgroundasmostoftheyounggeneration,”saysWasfiaNazreen,amountainclimberfromBangladesh(acountryborderedwithIndia).Miraisblazingatrail,notjustintermsofbeingabletospeaknationallyongenderequality,butbygettingyoungpeopleintorunningthroughthenewKathmanduTrailRaceSeries.“Thegrit(勇氣)andjoysheembodiesthroughoutallherhardshipsandvictoriesisaninspirationtoallofus!”Rai,however,remainshumble.“Ihavebeen‘a(chǎn)bletodothethingsIdidbecausesomanypeoplebelievedinmeandtookchances,andIwanttogivebacksootherscanhaveachancejustthewayIdid,”shesays.4.WhatdoesMiraRai’sexperiencesuggestaboutgenderrolesinhermunity?A.Theyarestrictlyenforced,withnoroomforchange.B.Theycanbeoverewithdeterminationandsupport.C.TheyhavelittleinfluenceonthelivesofwomeninNepal.D.Theyareuniversallyacceptedandunchallenged.5.WhydidtheauthordecidetoincludeaquotefromWasfiaNazreeninthetext?A.ToshowthatMiraRai’sinfluenceextendsbeyondNepal.B.TohighlightthestrugglesoffemalemountainclimbersinBangladesh.C.TocontrastMiraRai’sachievementswiththoseofotherathletes.D.TosuggestthattrailrunningismorepopularinBangladeshthaninNepal.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“phenomenon”mostcloselymean?A.Anordinaryandhardworkingathlete. B.Adebatableandinfluentialfigure.C.Aninexperiencedbutluckyathlete. D.Anunusualoroutstandingperson.7.WhatcentralideadoestheauthorexpressinMiraRai’sstory?A.TheimportanceofstickingtotraditionalrolesinNepalisociety.B.Thesignificanceofphysicaltrainingfromayoungageforathleticsuccess.C.Theinfluenceofbreakingsocietalexpectationsandinspiringohange.D.TheneedforbetterresourcesinruralNepalivillages.【答案】4.B5.A6.D7.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了MiraRai通過打破社會對性別角色的期望，展現(xiàn)了個(gè)人決心和勇氣的重要性，并通過運(yùn)動來賦予其他女性力量。【4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Theeldestdaughteroffivechildren,shewasexpectedtofetchwater,tendcropsandlivestock,andhelpoutathome.Byage12,shestoppedattendingschoolregularly,andinsteadhauledheavybagsofriceupanddownsteeptrails

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oftenbarefoot

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totradeatthemarket.(作為五個(gè)孩子中的大女兒，她被期望去打水，照料莊稼和牲畜，并在家里幫忙。12歲時(shí)，她不再按時(shí)上學(xué)，而是拎著大包大包的大米——經(jīng)常是光著腳——在陡峭的小路上走來走去，在市場上交易)”以及第二段““Asagirl,”Rairecalls,“Iwouldconstantlybetoldtoknowmyplace,suppressmyvoice,andactinacertainmanner.Forme,breakingfreefromthesetraditionsitselfwasabigdream.”(“作為一個(gè)女孩，”Rai回憶說，“我經(jīng)常被告知要知道自己的位置，壓抑自己的聲音，并以某種方式行事。對我來說，打破這些傳統(tǒng)本身就是一個(gè)很大的夢想?！?”可知，MiraRai的經(jīng)歷對她所在社區(qū)的性別角色啟示了只要有決心和支持，它們就能被克服；故選B?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段““It’shardtofindgoodrolemodelsforyoungwomeninourregion,especiallyoneingfromthesameruralvillagebackgroundasmostoftheyounggeneration,”saysWasfiaNazreen,amountainclimberfromBangladesh(acountryborderedwithIndia).Miraisblazingatrail,notjustintermsofbeingabletospeaknationallyongenderequality,butbygettingyoungpeopleintorunningthroughthenewKathmanduTrailRaceSeries.(來自孟加拉國（與印度接壤國家）的登山者WasfiaNazreen說：“在我們這個(gè)地區(qū)，很難找到年輕女性的好榜樣，尤其是那些與大多數(shù)年輕一代來自相同農(nóng)村背景的女性?！泵桌陂_辟一條道路，不僅僅是在全國范圍內(nèi)就性別平等發(fā)表講話，而是通過讓年輕人參加新的加德滿都越野跑系列)”可知，WasfiaNazreen是來自孟加拉的登山運(yùn)動員，她提到MiraRai的影響不僅限于尼泊爾，而且也激勵(lì)了其他國家的年輕人。這表明Mira的影響力已經(jīng)超出了尼泊爾，故選A?！?題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞上文“Today,therunningworldrecognizesRaiasahighelevationtrailracing(今天，跑步界認(rèn)為Rai是一個(gè)高海拔越野跑……)”以及后文“NowshehasmadeitamissiontoempowerbothwomenandmenofNepalthroughsports.(現(xiàn)在，她的使命是通過體育運(yùn)動賦予尼泊爾的女性和男性權(quán)力)”可知，文中提到MiraRai的使命是通過體育運(yùn)動賦予尼泊爾的女性和男性權(quán)力，推測她在這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動中的非凡表現(xiàn)。這里的“phenomenon”指的是一個(gè)不尋常或杰出的人。故選D?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段““Asagirl,”Rairecalls,“Iwouldconstantlybetoldtoknowmyplace,suppressmyvoice,andactinacertainmanner.Forme,breakingfreefromthesetraditionsitselfwasabigdream.”(“作為一個(gè)女孩，”Rai回憶說，“我經(jīng)常被告知要知道自己的位置，壓抑自己的聲音，并以某種方式行事。對我來說，打破這些傳統(tǒng)本身就是一個(gè)很大的夢想?！?”結(jié)合文章主要講述了MiraRai通過打破社會對性別角色的期望，展現(xiàn)了個(gè)人決心和勇氣的重要性，并通過運(yùn)動來賦予其他女性力量。因此，文章的核心思想是打破社會期望并激勵(lì)變革，故選C。CSpaceDayofChinafallsonApril24everyyear,duringwhichthecountrycelebratesitsachievementsanddevelopmentsinspaceexploration.Oneofthemostnotableacplishmentsisthecountry’smannedspacemissions.EversinceYangLiweimadeittospacein2003,asmanyas20Chineseastronauts,includingacivilian,havetraveledtospace.Alongsidehavingtoendurethephysicalimpactoftheweightlessenvironmentofspace,thereisalsothementalimpactofisolationandconfinementthatesfromlivinginasmallspacecraftformonths.What’smore,potentialemergenciesduringmissionstestastronauts’knowledgeandproblemsolvingabilitiesinhighpressureenvironments.Soit’snowonderthatastronautshavetomeetextremelyhighstandardsandgothroughatoughtrainingprogram.TomakesurethatChineseastronautspletetheirmissionsandreturntoEarthsafely,eighttypes,includingover200subjectsoftraining,areset.HuangWeifen,chiefdesigneroftheastronautsystemforChina’smannedspaceproject,toldCCTVNews.Apartfromphysicalfitnesstraining,italsoenpassesbasicscientifictheories,psychologicalhealth，andmock(模擬)missions.Eachastronautreceivestrainingforatleastthreeandahalfyearsbeforehavingthechancetogotospace.Ofallthetrainingsubjects,noneismorephysicallydemandingthanunderwatertraining.Itisdesignedtohelpastronautsadapttothemicrogravityenvironmentinspace.AccordingtoHuang,astronautsstayunderwaterinsuitsweighingover100kilogramsforsixhoursatatime:Thebinedchallengeofwaterresistanceandwearingaheavysuitmakeeverymoveexhausting.“NieHaisheng(oneoftheastronauts)oncereportedatwokilogramlossinweightafteroneunderwatertrainingexercise,”saidHuang.Sincethethirdgenerationastronautselectionprocessbeganin2018,civilianswithexpertiseinaeronauticshavealsobeeninvitedtoapply,astheycancontributetospacemissionsaspayloadspecialists.InMay2023,ProfessorGuiHaichaobecamethefirstciviliantotraveltospace,participatingintheShenzhouXVImission.Whilethephysiologicalstandardsforcivilianastronautsareslightlymorerelaxed,theirexpertiseandscientificknowledgerequirementsarehigher,asnotedbyYangLiwei,achiefplannerofChina’smannedspaceprogram.8.Whatdoesthesecondparagraphmainlydiscuss?A.ThehistoricalmilestonesofChina’sspacemissions.B.Thephysicalandmentalchallengesastronautsfaceinspace.C.TheequipmentusedbyChineseastronautsduringspacemissions.D.Thetrainingprogramsrequiredforbeinganastronaut.9.WhyisNieHaishengmentionedinthefourthparagraph?A.tohighlightthephysicaldemandsofunderwatertraining.B.toillustratethechallengesfacedduringspacemissions.C.toexplaintheimportanceofweightmanagementforastronauts.D.toshowthediversityoftrainingexercisesastronautsundergo.10.HowimportantisGilFlaichao’sinvolvementintheShenzhouXVImission?A.Heledthetrainingprogramfor‘China’smannedspacemissions.B.Heconductedtheexperimentinspaceasanastronaut.C.Hehelpedimprovethephysiologicalstandardsforastronauts.D.HeisthefirstcivilianastronauttoempowerChina’sspacemission.11.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.China’sJourneytotheStarsB.TheDevelopmentofChineseSpaceMissionsC.HardTrainingPaysOffD.TheChallengesandVictoriesofChineseAstronauts【答案】8.B9.A10.D11.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。本文介紹了中國宇航員所經(jīng)歷的嚴(yán)格訓(xùn)練以及這些訓(xùn)練對他們成功完成太空任務(wù)的重要性以及各種訓(xùn)練類型，包括身體訓(xùn)練、心理健康、模擬任務(wù)等，特別強(qiáng)調(diào)了最具挑戰(zhàn)性的水下訓(xùn)練。【8題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Alongsidehavingtoendurethephysicalimpactoftheweightlessenvironmentofspace,thereisalsothementalimpactofisolationandconfinementthatesfromlivinginasmallspacecraftformonths.What’smore,potentialemergenciesduringmissionstestastronauts’knowledgeandproblemsolvingabilitiesinhighpressureenvironments.Soit’snowonderthatastronautshavetomeetextremelyhighstandardsandgothroughatoughtrainingprogram.(除了要忍受太空失重環(huán)境對身體的影響外，在小型航天器中生活數(shù)月所帶來的隔離和禁閉也會對精神造成影響。更重要的是，任務(wù)中潛在的緊急情況考驗(yàn)著宇航員在高壓環(huán)境下的知識和解決問題的能力。因此，宇航員必須達(dá)到極高的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，并經(jīng)歷嚴(yán)格的訓(xùn)練計(jì)劃也就不足為奇了)”可知，第二段提到中國宇航員在太空中面對的身體和心理挑戰(zhàn)，包括失重環(huán)境帶來的身體影響、長時(shí)間的隔離和緊急情況對知識和解決問題能力的考驗(yàn)。故選B。【9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Thebinedchallengeofwaterresistanceandwearingaheavysuitmakeeverymoveexhausting.“NieHaisheng(oneoftheastronauts)oncereportedatwokilogramlossinweightafteroneunderwatertrainingexercise,”saidHuang.(既要防水，又要穿著厚重的西裝，每一個(gè)動作都讓人筋疲力盡。“聶海勝（其中一名宇航員）曾經(jīng)報(bào)告說，在一次水下訓(xùn)練后，體重減輕了兩公斤，”黃說)”可知，提到聶海勝的目的是為了說明水下訓(xùn)練的體力要求極高，他在一次水下訓(xùn)練后體重減少了2公斤。這一例子突出了水下訓(xùn)練的高強(qiáng)度，故選A?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“InMay2023,ProfessorGuiHaichaobecamethefirstciviliantotraveltospace,participatingintheShenzhouXVImission.(2023年5月，桂海潮教授參加了神舟十六號任務(wù)，成為首位進(jìn)入太空的平民。)”提到桂海潮是第一位參與中國空間任務(wù)的平民宇航員，這標(biāo)志著中國航天任務(wù)中的一個(gè)重要進(jìn)步。故選D?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Alongsidehavingtoendurethephysicalimpactoftheweightlessenvironmentofspace,thereisalsothementalimpactofisolationandconfinementthatesfromlivinginasmallspacecraftformonths.What’smore,potentialemergenciesduringmissionstestastronauts’knowledgeandproblemsolvingabilitiesinhighpressureenvironments.Soit’snowonderthatastronautshavetomeetextremelyhighstandardsandgothroughatoughtrainingprogram.(除了要忍受太空失重環(huán)境對身體的影響外，在小型航天器中生活數(shù)月所帶來的隔離和禁閉也會對精神造成影響。更重要的是，任務(wù)中潛在的緊急情況考驗(yàn)著宇航員在高壓環(huán)境下的知識和解決問題的能力。因此，宇航員必須達(dá)到極高的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，并經(jīng)歷嚴(yán)格的訓(xùn)練計(jì)劃也就不足為奇了)”以及全文可知，文章描述了中國宇航員所經(jīng)歷的嚴(yán)格訓(xùn)練以及這些訓(xùn)練對他們成功完成太空任務(wù)的重要性并詳細(xì)介紹了各種訓(xùn)練類型，包括身體訓(xùn)練、心理健康、模擬任務(wù)等，特別強(qiáng)調(diào)了最具挑戰(zhàn)性的水下訓(xùn)練。所有這些訓(xùn)練的目的是為了確保宇航員能夠成功應(yīng)對太空中的各種挑戰(zhàn)，并安全返回地球。C項(xiàng)：HardTrainingPaysOff(艱苦的訓(xùn)練有回報(bào))合乎題意。故選C。DTherobotsareing!Insciencefiction,thisphraseoftensignalsdanger,butinreality,it’saweleprediction.Thefieldofroboticshasmadesignificantprogressinthepastyearasresearchersinuniversitiesandindustryhaveappliedadvancesinartificialintelligence(AI)tomachines.ThesametechnologythatpowerschatbotslikeChatGPTandsystemslikeDALLEtocreateimagesfromtextisnowgivingrobotsamajorcognitiveupgrade.Asaresult,robotsarebeingmorecapable,easiertoprogram,andabletoexplaintheiractions.Investorsareflockingtoroboticsstartups,andevenOpenAI,whichhadpreviouslysteppedawayfromrobotics,isreenteringthefieldwithanewteam.WhenAIisappliedtothephysicalworld,itspotentialbeessignificant.Whilerobotscaninspirefear,partlyduetoHollywood’sportrayalofthemasuncontrollablecreations,theyalsoposetheriskofdisplacingdecentpayingjobsinfactoriesandwarehouses.However,thelatestadvancesinroboticsoffersubstantialbenefits.Forexample,new“multimodal“AImodelsbinelanguageunderstandingandvisionwithdatafromroboticsensors,allowingrobotstofollowmandslike“pickuptheyellowfruit”byrecognizingobjectssuchasabanana.Thesemodelsalsoenablerobotstoexplaintheirreasoning,makingprogramminganddebuggingsimplerandreducingerrorsbecausetheirunderstandingisgroundedinrealworldobservations.Additionally,robotsareimprovingintheirabilitytolearnquicklythroughimitationandtogeneralizeskillsfromonetasktoanother.Thisopensthedoorforrobotstomoveoutoffactoriesandwarehousesandintoeverydayenvironments.Aslabormarketsinadvancedeconomiestightenduetoagingpopulations,theneedformoreautomationbeescritical.Morecapablerobotscouldhelpboostproductivity,assistwithhouseholdohores,andprovidecarefortheelderlyandthoseinneed.Advancedeconomieswillrequiremoreautomationtomaintaintheirstandardsofliving.CountrieslikeSouthKorea,Japan,andChina,whichleadinrobottoworkerratios,arealsoagingrapidly.Withoutrobots,morepeoplemayneedtoworklongerandretirelater.Intheingyears,societalattitudescouldshiftfromfearingthearrivalofrobotstoeagerlyexpectingtheirpresence.12.Whyareinvestorsincreasinglyinterestedinrobotics?A.Roboticshasbeemoreaffordable.B.Theentertainmentindustryhassupportedrobotics.C.Thefearofrobotsdisplacingjobshaseased.D.Aladvancementshaveadvancedrobotabilities.13.Whatisakeybenefitof”multimodal“AImodelsforrobots?A.Understandinghumanemotions. B.Reducingproductioncosts.C.Improvingrealworldinteraction. D.petingwithhumanworkers.14.Howmightsocietalviewsonrobotschange?A.Fromjoblossconcerntoeconomicnecessity.B.Fromfeartoequalpartnership.C.Fromviewingrobotsasathreattoseeingthemastools.D.Fromethical(倫理的)concernstoacceptance.15.What’sthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Toparerobots’fictionaldangerswiththeirrealbenefits.B.ToexplainAI’sinfluenceonroboticsandfuturepotential.C.Toexaminerobots’jobdisplacementandlabormarketeffects.D.Topredictrobots’effectsondailylifeinthenearfuture.【答案】12.D13.C14.A15.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。短文介紹了人工智能對機(jī)器人技術(shù)的影響和未來潛力。【12題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Asaresult,robotsarebeingmorecapable,easiertoprogram,andabletoexplaintheiractions.Investorsareflockingtoroboticsstartups,andevenOpenAI,whichhadpreviouslysteppedawayfromrobotics,isreenteringthefieldwithanewteam.WhenAIisappliedtothephysicalworld,itspotentialbeessignificant.”（因此，機(jī)器人變得更有能力，更容易編程，并能夠解釋他們的行為。投資者紛紛涌向機(jī)器人創(chuàng)業(yè)公司，就連此前退出機(jī)器人領(lǐng)域的OpenAI也帶著一支新團(tuán)隊(duì)重新進(jìn)入了這個(gè)領(lǐng)域。當(dāng)人工智能應(yīng)用于現(xiàn)實(shí)世界時(shí)，它的潛力變得巨大。）可知，人工智能的進(jìn)步提升了機(jī)器人的能力。故選D項(xiàng)。【13題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“However,thelatestadvancesinroboticsoffersubstantialbenefits.Forexample,new“multimodal“AImodelsbinelanguageunderstandingandvisionwithdatafromroboticsensors,allowingrobotstofollowmandslike”pickuptheyellowfruit“byrecognizingobjectssuchasabanana.Thesemodelsalsoenablerobotstoexplaintheirreasoning,makingprogramminganddebuggingsimplerandreducingerrorsbecausetheirunderstandingisgroundedinrealworldobservations.”（然而，機(jī)器人技術(shù)的最新進(jìn)展提供了實(shí)質(zhì)性的好處。新的“多模態(tài)”AI模型將語言理解和視覺與來自機(jī)器人傳感器的數(shù)據(jù)相結(jié)合，使機(jī)器人能夠通過識別物體(如香蕉)來執(zhí)行諸如“撿起黃色水果”之類的命令。這些模型還使機(jī)器人能夠解釋其推理過程，從而簡化編程和調(diào)試并減少錯(cuò)誤，因?yàn)樗鼈兊睦斫馐腔趯ΜF(xiàn)實(shí)世界的觀察。）因此，“多模態(tài)”AI模型對機(jī)器人的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵好處是改善與現(xiàn)實(shí)世界的交互。故選C項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Intheingyears,societalattitudescouldshiftfromfearingthearrivalofrobotstoeagerlyexpectingtheirpresence.”（未來幾年，社會態(tài)度可能會從害怕機(jī)器人的到來轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)闊崆衅诖鼈兊某霈F(xiàn)。）可知，社會對機(jī)器人的看法可能會從擔(dān)憂工作崗位被取代轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榻?jīng)濟(jì)上的必需。故選A項(xiàng)。【15題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Thefieldofroboticshasmadesignificantprogressinthepastyearasresearchersinuniversitiesandindustryhaveappliedadvancesinartificialintelligence(AI)tomachines.ThesametechnologythatpowerschatbotslikeChatGPTandsystemslikeDALLEtocreateimagesfromtextisnowgivingrobotsamajorcognitiveupgrade.”（隨著大學(xué)和工業(yè)界的研究人員將人工智能（AI）的進(jìn)展應(yīng)用于機(jī)器，機(jī)器人領(lǐng)域在過去一年中取得了重大進(jìn)展。為ChatGPT等聊天機(jī)器人和DALLE等從文本中創(chuàng)建圖像的系統(tǒng)提供動力的技術(shù)，現(xiàn)在正在給機(jī)器人帶來重大的認(rèn)知升級。）和第二段“WhenAIisappliedtothephysicalworld,itspotentialbeessignificant.”（當(dāng)人工智能應(yīng)用于現(xiàn)實(shí)世界時(shí)，它的潛力變得巨大）可知，本文主要目的是解釋人工智能對機(jī)器人技術(shù)的影響和未來潛力。故選B項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Collaborationisaplexsetofskillsandtraits,includingactivelistening,managingconflict,sharedproblemsolving,selfregulation,modesty,curiosity,andacaringattitudetowardothers.Makeacarefulinventoryofbehavior,sothatyouknowwhatstepsyoucantaketodevelopyourcollaborationskillsandrebuildlosttrust.____16____Beopentochangeandnewideas.Takingnewviewpointsisapreconditionforunderstandingandpassion.Askquestionstochallengeyourpointofviewandclarifytheotherperson’s.____17____Valueothers’equality.Beinginaplaceofmutualinterdependencewillhelpyouexperiencebeingonanequalplayingfield.Forinstance,joinateamorcluboutsideofwork.____18____Noteplaceswhereyou’rewellreceivedandplaceswhereyou’reunfortable.Beesomeoneotherscanrelyon.Acknowledgethatinterdependencyiscrucialforsuccess.Buildandmaintaintrustingrelationshipswithcriticalstakeholders.Spendtimewiththemtodeepentheseconnections.Thisisthefoundationofsustainablecollaboration.Then,takeactionstoaccelerateyourreputationasateamplayer.____19____Purposefullygiveupthestagetoothers,allowingthemtoshowcasetheirtalents.Thisnotonlybooststheirconfidencebutalsopositionsyouasaleaderwhodoesn’t“hogthelimelight”.Teamsthatsharerecognitionmorefrequentlytendtoretainmembersbetterandexperiencehighergrowth.Askforadvice.Showthatyouvaluetheirinput,andlater,sharehowyouappliedtheiradvice.Thisbuildstrustandencouragesmutualsupport.Takeheart,ifyouarealeaderneedingtostrengthenyourcollaboration.Intoday’shyperconnectedworld,lonewolvesarebeingathingofthepast.____20____Effectivecollaborationiskeytobeingandremainingaleaderoflastingimpact.A.Sharethespotlightandgivepraise.B.Firstadoptthemindsetofacollaborator.C.Thissignalsthatyoucareabouttheirviewpoint.D.Asyoudoso,journalwhatyou’refeelingandlearning.E.Alongtheway,shareyourexperienceswithyourfamilymembersorfriends.F.Leaderswhoincludeothersandstayrespectfularenowthemosttrustedandinfluential.G.Lenderswhofrequentlychangetheircollaborationstrategiesoftenachievegreaterrecognition.【答案】16.B17.C18.D19.A20.F【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。主要講述了發(fā)展合作技能，重建失去的信任所需要采取的措施?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“sothatyouknowwhatstepsyoucantaketodevelopyourcollaborationskillsandrebuildlosttrust.(這樣你就知道你可以采取什么步驟來發(fā)展你的合作技能，重建失去的信任。)”以及后文“Then,takeactionstoaccelerateyourreputationasateamplayer.(然后，采取行動來提升你作為團(tuán)隊(duì)合作者的聲譽(yù)。)”可知，設(shè)空處是培養(yǎng)合作技能，重建失去的信任的具體步驟，B項(xiàng)：Firstadoptthemindsetofacollaborator.(首先，采用合作者的心態(tài)。)合乎題意。故選B?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上句“Askquestionstochallengeyourpointofviewandclarifytheotherperson’s(提出問題來挑戰(zhàn)你的觀點(diǎn)，并澄清對方的觀點(diǎn))”設(shè)空處應(yīng)為這樣做的好處，C項(xiàng)：Thissignalsthatyoucareabouttheirviewpoint.(這表明你關(guān)心他們的觀點(diǎn))這種做法能幫助你建立更好的合作關(guān)系，因?yàn)樗@示了你對他人的關(guān)心和尊重。這里的This指代上句，很好地銜接了前文。故選C?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)后文“Noteplaceswhereyou’rewellreceivedandplaceswhereyou’reunfortable.(記下哪些地方你很受歡迎，哪些地方你不舒服。)”具體舉例說明記錄下自己被接受或不舒服的地方，可知設(shè)空處對后句進(jìn)行總說，D項(xiàng)：Asyoudoso,journalwhatyou’refeelingandlearning.(當(dāng)你這樣做的時(shí)候。記錄你的感受和習(xí)得)合乎題意。故選D。【19題詳解】設(shè)空處概括本段內(nèi)容，為本段小標(biāo)題，設(shè)空處與上下段的首句句式保持一致，即應(yīng)是祈使句。根據(jù)后文“Purposefullygiveupthestagetoothers,allowingthemtoshowcasetheirta