高中定語從句語法專項

學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載定語從句注意事項：1.特殊情況：1)people/thosewho…2)先行詞既指人又指物，關(guān)系詞用that3)先行詞被最高級，序數(shù)詞或theonly,thevery,thelast修飾時，要用that4)以who或which開頭的特殊疑問句，避免重復(fù)用that5)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中做表語用that，也可省略。Hisdiseaseisnotthecasethatitwas.他的病情已不再是過去的情況了。6)先行詞是不定代詞或被它們修飾時，用that（all,much,little,none,few,every(thing),any(thing),no(thing),一般指物的有要求，指人的少)7)非限定性定語從句和介詞后，不能用that2.介詞+關(guān)系代詞：和先行詞搭配；和從句的謂語動詞搭配（短語動詞不能分開）；看句子含義。Theoldmanhehadlookedafterfor3yearspassedawaylastweek.Theoldmanofwhomhehadtakencarefor3yearspassedawaylastweek.3.Isthisthemuseumthatyouvisitedlastweek?Isthisthemuseumwhereyouworknow?Isthismuseumtheonethatyouvisitedlastweek?Isthismuseumtheonewhereyouworknow?Isthismuseumwhereyouworknow?4.先行詞是way,表示“方式”，在從句中缺狀語時可用inwhich.，that，或者省略關(guān)系詞。若way表示“方法”，在從句中缺主賓成分，要用that或which，缺賓語成分也可省略。Idon’tliketheway_________youspeaktoyourfather.Thisistheway_________hethoughtoftosolveit.5.有些先行詞不是地點，也用where引導(dǎo)，有case,situation,condition,center,point,activity,scene,family,book等。先行詞是occasion時，定語從句缺少狀語成分，用when。6.關(guān)系代詞as引導(dǎo)的定語從句的用法：1)主句中有such和thesame時Heisn’tsuchamanasyoudescribed.他不像是你所描述的那種人。Itwassuchadifficultproblem_________wecouldn’tsolveit.Itwassuchadifficultproblem__________wecouldn’tsolve.注意與such…that…的區(qū)別：從句中成分完整，用such…that…;從句成分不完整，用such…as…ThisisthesamepenthatIlostthismorning.ThisisthesamepenasIlostthismorning.注意與thesamethat的區(qū)別：都是定從，但是thesamethat是同一個，thesameas是同一類2）整個主句是先行詞，用as和which的區(qū)別Aswehavestated,TaiwanispartofChina.Hefailedintheexam,whichmadehisparentssad.as譯成“正如，正像”，整個主句是先行詞，as指代整個句子，從句位置可前可后，一般以兩種句式出現(xiàn)：一是asyouknow/see/expect;二是asisannounced/reported/known/said/noted/planned/expected翻譯成“正如所公布的、所報道的、大家所知道的、所說的、所指出的、所計劃的/預(yù)料的那樣;asisoftenthecasewith(sb/sth)通常。而which引導(dǎo)的定從，位置在主句后，翻譯成“這一點”。7.定語從句常和同位語從句混淆，尤其是以that引導(dǎo)的從句。試比較：(同位語從句中的that是連詞,沒有意義，不能省略；定語從句中的that是關(guān)系代詞，有意義，做成分，做賓語，可省略)Thenewsthatourteamwonmadeusjumpwithjoy.Thenewsthathetolduswasnottrue.Theteacherwaspleasedwiththefact_______hisstudentsallpassedtheexam.(只能用that)Theteacherwaspleasedwiththefact_______hisstudentsfoundout.(that和which及省略均可)定語從句還和主語從句混淆，如：Asiswellknown,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.ItiswellknownthatChinaisadevelopingcountry.WhatiswellknownisthatChinaisadevelopingcountry.定語從句還和強調(diào)句型或狀從混淆：如：ItwasinthishousethatIwasborn.Thisisthehousewhere/inwhichIwasborn.Itwasin1949thatChinawasfounded.Itwas1949whenChinawasfounded.8.定語從句常見錯誤：（關(guān)系代詞的格用錯；狀語賓語分析錯誤；重復(fù)指代錯誤；主謂一致錯誤；無關(guān)系詞錯誤；非限定性定語從句中關(guān)系代詞誤用；句子成分缺表語；主語從句和定從分析錯誤；漏詞錯誤）1)ThemanwithwhoIshookhandsisafamouswriter.2)Thecitywhereyouliveinisbeautiful.3)Weshouldtreasurethedayswhenwespenttogetherwithourparents.4)Thebookthatlentittomeisinteresting.5)ZhangHuaistheonlyoneofthepupilswhogetfullmarks.6)Theoldcouplehavefourchildren,threeofthemaredaughters.7)Shesaidshegraduatedfromafamousuniversity,thatisalie.8)Isthisschoolthatyouwerefrom?9)Itiswellknown,RussiaisaEuropeancountry.10）Lisamarriedarichmanhadalotofmoney.look短語總結(jié)：lookaftersb/sth照顧，照料(某人或某事)，lookaround(round)環(huán)顧，仔細(xì)查看lookawayfromsb/sth目光移向別處，不看…looksbupanddown上下仔細(xì)打量，挑剔地審視某人notlookoneself氣色不像往常那樣好lookback(upon/onsth)回顧，回憶never/notlookback一帆風(fēng)順，蒸蒸日上lookahead(tosth)展望未來；為將來設(shè)想lookdownuponsb/sth輕視，看不起lookforsb/sth尋找，尋求lookforwardto(doingsth)盼望，期待lookintosth調(diào)查，審查