高中經(jīng)典語法之名詞性從句二

學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載名詞性從句（二）●知識點(diǎn)精講透析●考點(diǎn)一表語從句表語從句的連接詞(1)從屬連詞that。在從句中不做成分。如：ThetroubleisthatIhavelosthisaddress.麻煩是我把他的地址丟了。(2)從屬連詞whether,as,asif。如：Helookedjustashehadlookedtenyearsbefore.他看起來還與十年前一樣。注：從屬連詞if一般不用來引導(dǎo)表語從句，但asif卻可引導(dǎo)表語從句。如：Allthiswasovertwentyyearsago,butit’sasifitwasonlyyesterday.這都是20多年前的事了，但宛如昨天一樣。注：可接表語從句的連系動詞有be,look,seem,sound,appear等。如：Chinaisnolongerwhatsheusedtobe.今日的中國不再是過去的中國了。Thequestionremainswhethertheywillbeabletohelpus.問題還是他們能否幫我們。Helookedjustashehadlookedtenyearsbefore.他看起來還與十年前一樣。(3)連接代詞who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever在表語從句中做主語、賓語等。如：Thatwaswhatshedidthismorning.那就是他今天早上所做的。(4)連接副詞where,when,how,why。如：WhatIwonderiswhenheleft.我想知道他是何時離開的。(5)because,why引導(dǎo)的表語從句。如：That'sbecausehedidn'tunderstandme.那是因?yàn)樗麤]有理解我。(That'sbecause...強(qiáng)調(diào)原因)That'swhyhegotangrywithme.那正是他對我生氣的原因。(That'swhy...強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果)Ithinkitisbecauseyouaredoingtoomuch.我想這是因?yàn)槟阕龅锰唷?6)在一些表示“建議、勸說、命令”的名詞后面的表語從句中，謂語動詞用虛擬語氣。should+動詞原形表示，should可省略。如：Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)startearlytomorrow.我的建議是我們明天一早出發(fā)。過手訓(xùn)練1.Youaresayingthateveryoneshouldbeequal,andthisis_____Idisagree.A.whyB.whereC.whatD.how2.Seetheflagsonthetopofthebuilding?Thatwas_____wedidthismorning.A.whenB.whichC.whereD.what3.PartofthereasonCharlesDickenslovedhisownnovel,DavidCopperfield,was_____itwasrathercloselymodeledonhisownlife.A.whatB.thatC.whyD.whether4.Thetraditionalviewis_____wesleepbecauseourbrainis“programmed”tomakeustodo.A.whenB.whyC.whetherD.that5.---Don’tyouthinkitnecessarythathe_____toMiamibuttoNewYork?---Iagree,buttheproblemis_____hehasrefusedto.A.willnotbesent;thatB.notbesent;thatC.shouldnotbesent;whatD.shouldnotsent;what●考點(diǎn)二同位語從句在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)同位語的名詞性從句稱為同位語從句。所謂同位語，是指跟在某些名詞的后面，對前者做進(jìn)一步的解釋、說明、補(bǔ)充和概括，但不對前者起修飾作用的一種句子成分。一、同位語從句在句中的位置1.一般情況下同位語從句跟在某些名詞（如news，idea，fact，promise，hope，message等）的后面，用以說明該名詞所表達(dá)的具體內(nèi)容。Thenewsthatourwomenvolleyballteamhadwonthechampionshipencouragedusallgreatly.我們女排贏得冠軍的消息大大地鼓舞了我們所有人。I'vecomefromMr.Wangwithamessagethathewon'tbeabletoseeyouthisafternoon.我從王先生那邊得知一個消息，他說他今天下午不能來看你了。2.有時同位語從句可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后，而被別的詞語隔開，在語法上叫做分隔式同位語從句。Thethoughtcametoherthatmaybeshehadleftthedooropenwhenshelefthome.她突然想起可能在她離開家時沒把門關(guān)上。ThestorygoesthathefailedintheCollegeEntranceExaminationsagain.據(jù)說他高考又落榜了。二、同位語從句前名詞的數(shù)同位語從句前的名詞通常用單數(shù)形式，并且往往帶有限定詞（word除外）加以修飾。WheredidyougettheideathatIcouldnotcome？你在哪兒聽說我不能來？Givemeyourpromisethatyouwillcometoourpartythisevening.答應(yīng)我，你今天晚上要來參加我們的晚會。WordcamethatChinalauncheditsfirstmannedspaceshiponOct.15，2003.消息傳來，中國于2003年10月15日首次成功發(fā)射了載人飛船。三、同位語從句連接詞的選用在英語中，引導(dǎo)同位語從句的詞通常有連詞（that，who，whether），連接副詞（how，when，where）等。Theywereallverymuchworriedoverthefactthatyouweresick.對你生病這件事，他們都很焦慮。Thequestionwhoshoulddotheworkrequiresconsideration.誰該做這項(xiàng)工作，這個問題需要考慮。Wehaven'tyetsettledthequestionwherewearegoingtospendoursummervacation.我們還沒有決定到什么地方去度暑假。注：在名詞doubt“懷疑”后的同位語從句用whether連接；在nodoubt“不懷疑”之后的同位語從句用that連接。Wehavesomedoubtwhethertheycancompletethetaskontime.我們懷疑他們是否能準(zhǔn)時完成任務(wù)。ThereisnodoubtthatZhangWeiwillkeephispromise.我們相信張衛(wèi)會守信的。同位語從句：that有些名詞的后面可以接that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句：Wecametothedecisionthatwemustactatonce.我們做出決定：我們必須立即行動。Hemadeaproposalthatthemeetingbepostponed.他提議會議延期。Therewaslittlehopethathewouldsurvive.他幸存的希望很小。以下名詞常用于以上句型：advice，announcement，argument，belief，claim，conclusion，decision，evidence，explanation，fact，feeling，hope，idea，impression，information，knowledge，message，news，opinion，order，probability，promise，proposal，remark，reply，report，saying，statement，suggestion，thought，treat，warning，wish，word同位語從句：whether,whether可以引導(dǎo)同位語從句，而定語從句不能用whether作為引導(dǎo)詞。Hehasn'tmadethedecisionwhetherhewillgothere.他還沒有做出決定是否去那里。Ihavesmalldoubtwhetherheissuitableforthejob.他是否適合這件工作我有點(diǎn)懷疑。同位語從句：what,what可以引導(dǎo)同位語從句，而定語從句不能用what作為引導(dǎo)詞Ihavenoideawhatheisdoingnow.我不知道他現(xiàn)在在干什么。同位語從句：how,how可以引導(dǎo)同位語從句，而定語從句不能用how作為引導(dǎo)詞It'saquestionhowhedidit.那是一個他如何做了此事的問題。同位語從句:who，whom，which，when，where，why用來引導(dǎo)同位語從句Sheraisedthequestionwherewecouldgetthefund.她提出這個問題：我們到哪兒去搞這筆資金。四.同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別1.定語從句相當(dāng)于一個形容詞,它對先行詞起修飾、描述和限制的作用。同位語從句相當(dāng)于名詞，屬于名詞性從句，它是對前面名詞內(nèi)容的具體表述，它們之間的關(guān)系是同位關(guān)系。2.that在定語從句中充當(dāng)某一成分,是關(guān)系代詞;that在同位語從句中不作任何成分，僅把主句與從句連接在一起，是從屬連詞。如：WeweregreatlypleasedatthenewsthattheChinesewomen'svolleyballteamhadwonthematchagain.聽到中國女排再次獲勝的消息我們極為高興。(that引導(dǎo)的是同位語從句)Weweregreatlypleasedatthenewsthatourteacherhadtoldus.聽到老師告訴我們的消息我們感到很高興。(that引導(dǎo)的是定語從句)3.when,where,why,who,whom,which如果引導(dǎo)定語從句,它們分別指前面先行詞所表示的時間、地點(diǎn)、原因、人和物，否則引導(dǎo)的就是同位語從句。(1)Thereasonwhyhewaslateforclassisquiteclear.他上課遲到的原因顯而易見。(why引導(dǎo)的是定語從句)(2)Hehassolvedtheproblemwhytheradiowasoutoforder.他解決了收音機(jī)為何出故障的問題。(why引導(dǎo)的是同位語從句)4.whether,what可引導(dǎo)同位語從句，但通常不可引導(dǎo)定語從句。Theproblemwhethertheycouldfinishtheprojectisveryimportant.他們是否能夠按期完成那個項(xiàng)目,這個問題非常重要。5.同位語從句常跟在news,fact,promise,idea,word,message,hope,truth,answer,proposal,suggestion,order,information等少數(shù)名詞之后，而一般名詞之后都可跟定語從句。過手訓(xùn)練1.Informationhasbeenputforward_____moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.A.while

B.that

C.when

D.as2.Itissaidthatmoremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities，thisistheinformation____hasbeenputforward.A.what

B.that

C.when

D.as3.Sheheardaterriblenoise,____broughtherheartintohermouth.A.itB.which

C.this

D.that4.Ican'tstandtheterriblenoise____sheiscryingloudly.A.itB.which

C.this

D.that5.Thefact____sheworkshardiswellknowntousall.A.that

B.what

C.why

D.which●鞏固練習(xí)1.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthatschool.Itisnolonger____itwas20yearsago,_____itwassopoorlyequipped.A.what;whenB.that;whichC.what;whichD.which;that2.Theseasideheredrawsalotoftouristseverysummer.Warmsunshineandsoftsandsmake_____itis.A.whatB.whichC.howD.where3.Thenews____hewaskidnappedsurprisedusgreatly.A.what

B.that

C.why

D.when4.Hissuggestion____themeetingbedelayedwasturneddown.A.which

B.that

C./

D.it5.Ihavenoidea____hewillstart.A.when

B.that

C.whatD./6.I'vecomefromthegovernmentwithamessage____themeetingwon'tbeheldtomorrow.A.if

B.that

C.whetherD.which7.Thethought____hemightfailintheexamworriedhim.A.when

B.whichC.what

D.that8.Theorder____theprisonerbesetfreearrivedtoolate.A.which

B.whether

C.that

D.what9.Thenursesaretryingtheirbesttoreducethepatient'sfear____hewoulddieofthedisease.A.that

B.as

C.ofwhich

D.which10.Heoftenaskedmethequestion____theworkwasworthdoing.A.whetherB.where

C.that

D.when●課后盤點(diǎn)1.Thequestionis________wewillhaveoursportsmeetingnextweek.A.thatB.ifC.whenD.whether2.Thereasonwhyhefailedis________hewastoocareless.A.becauseB.thatC.forD.becauseof3.Iamafraidhe’smoreofatalkerthanadoer,whichis______heneverfinishesanything.A.thatB.whenC.whereD.why4.Thepro