高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專題講解虛擬語(yǔ)氣 人教版

學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載20XX年吉林省高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專題講解虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣SubjunctiveMood1).概念虛擬語(yǔ)氣是一種動(dòng)詞形式，表示說(shuō)話人的一種愿望，假設(shè)，懷疑，猜測(cè),建議等含義，虛擬語(yǔ)氣所表示的含義不是客觀存在的事實(shí)。2).在條件句中的應(yīng)用

條件句可分為兩類，一類為真實(shí)條件句，一類為非真實(shí)條件句。非真實(shí)條件句表示的是假設(shè)的或?qū)嶋H可能性不大的情況，故采用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。一、虛擬條件句條件狀語(yǔ)從句是非真實(shí)情況，在這種情況下要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。1、條件從句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)不一致，其句型為： If主語(yǔ)＋動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式/were，主語(yǔ)＋would（could,should,或might）＋動(dòng)詞原形，例如：IfIwereyou,Iwouldstudyhard.Ifitrained,Iwouldnotbeherenow.2、條件從句與過(guò)去事實(shí)不一致，句型為：If主語(yǔ)＋had＋過(guò)去分詞，主語(yǔ)＋would（could,should,或might）＋have＋過(guò)去分詞，如：Ifthedoctorhadcomelastnight,theboywouldhavebeensaved.IfIhadnotstudiedhard,Iwouldhavefailedintheexamlastterm.3、條件從句與將來(lái)事實(shí)不一致，句型為：If主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式/should+動(dòng)詞原形/weretodo，主語(yǔ)＋would（could…）＋動(dòng)詞原形，例如：Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldstayathome.IfIweretogotothemoononeday,Icouldseeitwithmyowneyes.Ifyoumissedthefilmtonight,youwouldfeelsorry.注：虛擬條件句中如果含有were,should或had(助動(dòng)詞),可將were,should或had提前，把if去掉，實(shí)行倒裝。但要注意，在這種情況下句首不用動(dòng)詞的縮略形式。如我們可以說(shuō)WereInottodo,而不能說(shuō)Weren’tItogo.二、動(dòng)詞wish后賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣1.用wish表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬，其句子結(jié)構(gòu)為：賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)如果是系動(dòng)詞一律用were，如果是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞就用過(guò)去式。如：Iwishtheywereathomethistime.IwishIwereabird.2．用wish表示對(duì)過(guò)去事情的虛擬。其句子結(jié)構(gòu)為：賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，例：IwishIhadn’thurthimsomuch。有時(shí)對(duì)過(guò)去進(jìn)行虛擬也可在賓語(yǔ)從句中采用would/couldhavedone的結(jié)構(gòu)。IwishIwouldhaveseenherlastnight.3．用wish表示對(duì)將來(lái)事情的愿望。其句子結(jié)構(gòu)為：賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)為would+動(dòng)詞原形,有時(shí)也用could/might+動(dòng)詞原形。例：IwishIwouldbeabletocometomorrow.三、asif(though)的虛擬1.對(duì)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行虛擬動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式1.對(duì)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行虛擬動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式/were2.對(duì)將來(lái)進(jìn)行虛擬would+動(dòng)詞原形3.對(duì)過(guò)去進(jìn)行虛擬had+過(guò)去分詞主句+asif+主語(yǔ)+(asthough)例如：Shealwaystalkstomeasifsheweremysister.Hewalksslowlyasifhehadhurthisleg.Shetalksaboutitagainandagainasthoughshewouldneverend.四、Wouldrather的虛擬語(yǔ)氣1.wouldrather+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在和將來(lái)情況的虛擬2.wouldrather+主語(yǔ)+haddone表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的虛擬Iwouldratherwedidn’tgotoseeafilmthisevening.I’dratheryouhadreturnedthebookyesterday.五、Itis(high/about)timethat...在該句子中我們使用兩種形式的虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)即：動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式或should+動(dòng)詞原形，如果用后者則should通常不省略。Itistimethatwewenthome.Itistimethattheboyshouldgotoschool.六、Ifonly…的虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)Ifonly+Ifonly+句子對(duì)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行虛擬動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式/were2.對(duì)將來(lái)進(jìn)行虛擬would+動(dòng)詞原形3.對(duì)過(guò)去進(jìn)行虛擬had+過(guò)去分詞例如：Ifonlyhewerehere!IfonlyIhadnotbeenilllastweek!IfonlyIhadmoremoney!Ifonlyitwouldraintomorrow!七、堅(jiān)持、決定、要求、命令等詞的虛擬形式（即堅(jiān)、決、要、命形虛擬）insist,suggest,advise,recommend,decide,ask,demand,require,urgeorder,command在以上這些動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句中應(yīng)該使用should+動(dòng)詞原形的結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行虛擬，should可以省略。Shesuggestedwe(should)leaveearly.Theteacherinsistedthatthestudents(should)haveatest.Shedecidedthatshe(should)notgo.Theteachercommandedthathe(should)leavetheclassroom.注意以下這些形式：thesuggestion/proposal/order/advicethat…(should)doThissuggestionisthat…(should)doItisdemanded/suggested/ordered/requiredthat…(should)doItisnecessary/important/natural/strange/amazing/surprisingthat…(should)(但表示驚訝，翻譯成“竟然”時(shí)一般不省略)do請(qǐng)辨析：Thewhitelookonhisfacesuggestedthathewasill.Theteachersuggestedthathestarttopracticelistening.Heinsistedthathehadnotseenthewallet.Heinsistedthathenotstayhere.八、suppose;butfor;otherwise;without等詞也可以表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣。e.g.Thegovernmentissuedanewpolicytohelpthejobless,otherwisetheywouldhavesuffered.WithoutthehelpoftensofthousandsofPLAsoldiers,manyareaswouldnothavebeensavedfromfloodingin1998.隨堂訓(xùn)練：1、Ifmylawyer_____________herelastSaturday,he____________mefromgoing.A.hadbeen,wouldhaveprevented B.hadbeen,wouldpreventC.were,wouldprevent D.were,wouldhaveprevent2、——“Heisabraveman.”——“Yes,IwishI____________hiscourage.”A．have B．had C．willhave D．mayhave3、Ifit____________rain,thecropswouldbesaved.A．should B．will C．isgoingto D．wasto4、Heorderedthatthemedicine_____________byaspecialplane.A．wassent B．wouldbesent C．shouldsend D．besent5、Ifyou_____________themedicine,you____________betternow.A.took,wouldfeel B.hadtaken,feltC.hadtaken,wouldfeelD.took,wouldhavefelt6、Sheismysister,butsheoftenactsasifshe____________mymother.A．is B．was C．were D．hadbeen7、Iwenttobedearly