教師版語法導(dǎo)學(xué)案

Book3Unit4Astronomy:theScienceoftheStarsGrammar名詞性從句之主語從句學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)：了解主語從句。了解主語從句在使用過程中要注意的問題。學(xué)習(xí)過程。1.主語從句的定義：主語從句就是在一個句子中作主語的從句。引導(dǎo)主語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：that,what,where,when,why,who,whether,wherever,whenever,whoever,however等。對比下列各組句子：1）Yourplanisnotpermitted.Thatteacherspunishstudentsphysicallyisnotpermitted.2）Yourplanisinteresting.Whatyousaidisinteresting.3）Hisplanisstillnotknownyet.Whetherhewilltravelwithusisstillnotknownyet.4）Thisdoesn’tmatteratall.Whicheveryouchoosedoesn’tmatteratall.5）Everybodywillbewelcome.Whoeverattendsthismeetingwillbewelcome.找出課文中包含主語從句的句子：1）Itwasnotclearwhethertheshapewastolastornot.2）Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpresenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintooceansandseas.3）Whetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved.上述由whether,what引導(dǎo)的三個從句在復(fù)合句中起主語作用，叫主語從句。引導(dǎo)主語從句的連接詞分三類：1）從屬連詞that,whether/if；that在句子中只起連接作用，不充當(dāng)句子成分，且本身無實際意義。Whether/if在從句中起連接作用，不充當(dāng)句子成分，但表示“是否”的意思。eg:Thatyoudidn’tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.你不喜歡他與我無關(guān)。eg:Whethershewillgohomeornotisunknown.她是否回家不得而知。2）連接代詞what,which,who,whom,whose,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever；連接代詞在從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語或定語，不能省略。what,who,whom,which可以與ever構(gòu)成合成詞引導(dǎo)從句，起強調(diào)作用。這些連接代詞在句子中充當(dāng)句子成分，不能省略。eg:Whatwecannotgetseemsbetterthanwhatwehave.得不到的東西似乎總比我們擁有的好。eg:Whoeverleavestheroomlastshouldturnoffthelights.走得最晚的應(yīng)當(dāng)關(guān)燈。連接副詞when,where,why,how；連接副詞在從句中充當(dāng)狀語，不能省略。eg:whyhedidn’tcomehereisnotcleartoeveryone.他為什么沒來誰也不清楚。主語從句的用法劃出下面這個句子的主語并觀察從句的意思和結(jié)構(gòu)是否完整：Thathumanbeingsareabletoflytothemoonisnolongeradream.注：當(dāng)主語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)和意思完整時，用連詞that引導(dǎo)主語從句；當(dāng)主語從句的意思和結(jié)構(gòu)不完整時，則根據(jù)需要選用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞。選擇最佳答案：___B____willattendtheinternationalconferenceinsteadofMrZhouhasn’tbeenbeendecided.A.WhatB.WhoC.HowD.WhichItisunknown___D____moneywewillneedforourresearchwork.A.whatB.thatC.howmanyD.howmuch___A____Ican’tunderstandis_______shewantstochangehermind.A.What;whyB.Which;howC.That;whyD.What;because4.〖注意〗1）主語從句必須是陳述句的語序。Whatareyougoingtodoisyourownbusiness.（×）Whatyouaregoingtodoisyourownbusiness.（√）2）that作為引導(dǎo)詞不可省略。eg:Thattheyweretruesisterssurprisedeveryone.3）為了保持整個句子的平衡，如果主語從句太長，謂語太短，有時候可以考慮用it作形式主語，而把主語從句放在后面。eg:Itisamiraclethatshesurvivedtheaccident.eg:Ithasnotbeendecidedyetwhowillbethepresident.eg:Itdependsontheweatherwhetherwe’llgoouting.4）在下面兩種情況下，必須用it作形式主語，而把真正的主語------主語從句放在后面：在疑問句中。Isittruethathewillbepunishedseriouslybytheheadmaster?Doesitmakeanydifferencewhoboughtthesegifts?在感嘆句中。Howstrangeitisthatthesechildrenaresoquite!5）主語從句中虛擬語氣的運用：Itis(was)+suggested(ordered/proposed/decided...)+that+(should)+動詞原形eg:Itisproposedthatmoreselectivecoursesbeofferednextyear.eg:Ithasbeendecidedthataspecialcommitteebeformedtosupervisethework.Itis(was)+形容詞+that+(should)+動詞原形該句式中的形容詞一般包括：advisable,appropriate,desirable,essential,important,imperative,necessary,impossible等。eg:Itisimportantthatthestudentstakebriefnoteswhilelisteningtothelecture.eg:Itisessentialthatallthefactsbeexaminedfirst.注意區(qū)別：形式主語結(jié)構(gòu)和強調(diào)句型結(jié)構(gòu)。分析下列兩個句子：Itisdifficultthathewillhavetofinishthisjobbyhimselfbefore5p.m.Itisyesterdayafternoonthathesavedtheboy’slifeinthatcoldriver.他們的區(qū)別是：如果把itis...that省略，是病句，是正確的句子。即：是形式主語結(jié)構(gòu)，是強調(diào)句型結(jié)構(gòu)。專項訓(xùn)練1）選擇最佳選項：=1\*GB3①__C____isdonecannotbeundone.A.WhyB.WhenC.WhatD.Where=2\*GB3②___A___wecan’tgetseemsbetterthan______wehave.A.What;whatB.What;thatC.That;thatD.That;what=3\*GB3③___B___we’llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where=4\*GB3④___D___isourbeliefthatimprovementsinhealthcarewillleadtoastronger,moreprosperouseconomy.A.AsB.ThatC.ThisD.It=5\*GB3⑤－Whatdidyourparentsthinkaboutyourdecision?－Theyalwaysletmedo__D____IthinkIshould.A.whenB.thatC.howD.what=6\*GB3⑥__C____wantstostayinahotelhastopaytheirownway.A.AnyoneB.TheoneC.WhoeverD.Who=7\*GB3⑦Oneadvantageofplayingtheguitaris__C____itcangiveyouagreatdealofpleasure.howB.whyC.thatD.When=8\*GB3⑧___D___thenewsistrueremainsaquestion.A.ThatB.IfC.WhatD.Whether=9\*GB3⑨___B___fashiondiffersfromcountrytocountrymayreflecttheculturaldifferencesfromoneaspect.A.WhatB.ThatC.ThisD.Which=10\*GB3⑩Ithasbeenproved__D____eatingvegetablesinchildhoodhelpstoprotectyouagainstseriousillnessesinlaterlife.ifB.becauseC.whenD.That2)句子改錯：=1\*GB3①Whereshallwespendtheholidayisn’tdecided.weshall=2\*GB3②Youhavemadeamistakeisafact.Thatyou=3\*GB3③Thatiscertainthatwecanwin.It___=4\*GB3④Nomatterwholeavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.Whoever=5\*GB3⑤Itisimportantthatastudentlearnsaforeignlanguage.shouldlearn=6\*GB3⑥Nomatterwhatwedomustbeintheinterestofthe