全國(guó)卷高考語(yǔ)法專題虛擬語(yǔ)氣

高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專題虛擬語(yǔ)氣一虛擬語(yǔ)氣概述陳述語(yǔ)氣：表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)是現(xiàn)實(shí)的、確定的或符合事實(shí)的，用于陳述句、疑問(wèn)句和某些感嘆句。如：Therearetwosidestoeveryquestion.Wereyoubusyalldayyesterday?祈使語(yǔ)氣：表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)對(duì)方的請(qǐng)求或命令。如：Neverbelateagain!Don’tforgettoturnoffthelight.虛擬語(yǔ)氣：______________________________________________________________如：IfIwereabird,Icouldflyintheair.條件句分為真實(shí)條件句與非真實(shí)條件句。虛擬語(yǔ)氣屬于非真實(shí)條件真實(shí)條件表示現(xiàn)實(shí)情況中可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的情況；而非真實(shí)條件表示與現(xiàn)實(shí)情況相反的假想。1.Iftheworkingconditionsarenottoobad,Iwillacceptthejob.如果工作條件不太差，我會(huì)接受這項(xiàng)工作。(真實(shí)條件)2.Iftheworkingconditionswerenottoobad,Iwouldacceptthejob.如果工作條件不太差，我就接受這項(xiàng)工作了。(非真實(shí)條件)3.Hesaidifhefailed,hewouldhaveanothertry.他說(shuō)他如果失敗，他還會(huì)再試一次。(真實(shí)條件)4.Ifhehadfailed,hewouldhavehadanothertry.如果他失敗的話，他會(huì)再試一次的。(非真實(shí)條件)二陜西高考真題再現(xiàn)1（2015陜西高考23題）Ellenisafantasticdancer.IwishI_________aswellasher.A.danceB.willdanceC.haddancedD.danced2（2014·陜西高考23題）Wewouldratherourdaughter________athomewithus，butitisherchoice，andsheisnotachildanylonger.A.wouldstay B.hasstayed C.stayedD.stay3(2013·陜西高考12題)Mymomsuggeststhatwe_____eatoutforachangethisweekend.A.shouldB.mightC.couldD.would4(2012陜西高考17題).Ifmycar_________morereliable,IwouldhavedriventoLhasainsteadofflyinglastsummer.A.wasB.hadbeenC.shouldbeD.wouldbe5(2011陜西高考22題).I__________throughthatbitterperiodwithoutyourgeneroushelp.A.couldn’thavegoneB.didn’tgoC.wouldn’tgoD.hadn’tgone6(2010陜西高考15題)Ifwe___theotherroad,wemighthavearrivedhereintimeforthemeeting.A.takeB.hadtakenC.tookD.havetaken三虛擬語(yǔ)氣考點(diǎn)精講一非真實(shí)條件句1.if條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣類別用法例句If引導(dǎo)的條件從句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反從句動(dòng)詞：過(guò)去式（be用were）主句動(dòng)詞：should/would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形Ifitweren’tsnowing,wewouldn’tstayinthehouse.（事實(shí)上現(xiàn)在下雪）Ifhehurried,hecouldcatchthefirstbus.Ifitweren’tforyourhelp,wewouldgetintotrouble.與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反從句動(dòng)詞：had+過(guò)去分詞主句動(dòng)詞：should/would/could/might+have+過(guò)去分詞IfIhadbeenfree,Iwouldhavevisitedyou.IfBobhadcomewithus,hewouldhavehadagoodtime.Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice,youwouldnothavemadesuchamistake.

與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反從句動(dòng)詞：過(guò)去式/should+動(dòng)詞原形/were+不定式主句動(dòng)詞：should/would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgocamping.Wewouldstayathomeifitshouldraintomorrow.IfIweretodotheexaminationIwoulddoitsomeotherway.【活學(xué)巧用】IfIweretodoit,I_______itinadifferentway.A.shalldoB.willdoC.woulddoD.havedone2.Ifyouaskedyourfather,you________permission.A.maygetB.mightgetC.shouldhavegotD.maybeget3.Ifhe_____myadvice,hewouldn’thavelosthisjob.A.followedB.shouldfollowC.hadfollowedD.wouldfollow4.Ifwe______theotherroad,wemighthavearrivedhereintimeforthemeeting.A.takeB.hadtakenC.tookD.havetaken5.---Johnwenttothehospitalalone.---Ifhe_______meaboutit,Iwouldhavegonewithhim.A.shouldtellB.tellsC.toldD.hadtold6.MaybeifI_______science,andnotliteraturethen,Iwouldbeabletogiveyoumorehelp.A.studiedB.wouldstudyC.hadstudiedD.wasstudying混合虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)(1)不同時(shí)間的虛擬Ifhehadlistenedtome,hewouldnotbeintroublenow.（從句與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反）Ifhehadtoldmeyesterday,Ishouldknowwhattodonow.（從句與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反）IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonetoherbirthdayparty.（從句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，主句與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反）(2)虛擬與陳述的混合Hecouldhavepassedtheexam,buthewasn’tcarefulenough.Youshouldhavecomeearlier.Thebusleftamomentago.【活學(xué)巧用】1.Thetreelookedasifit______foralongtime.A.hasn'twateredB.didn'twaterC.hadn'tbeenwatered D.wasn'twatered2.ItishardformetoimaginewhatIwouldbedoingtodayifI______inloveattheageofseven,withMelindaCoxLibraryinmyhometown.A.wouldn’thavefallenB.hadnotfallenC.shouldfallD.weretofall二含蓄條件句非真實(shí)條件句中的條件從句不出現(xiàn)if，假想條件只暗含在上下文中，這種句子叫做含蓄條件句。WhatwouldIhavedonewithoutyou?如沒(méi)有你，我會(huì)怎么辦呢？Itwouldbeeasiertodoitthisway.這樣做會(huì)比較容易。Iwouldappreciatealittleofyourtime.謝謝你給我一點(diǎn)時(shí)間吧。1.without/butfor/intheabsenceof表示“要不是”，“如果沒(méi)有”(相當(dāng)于ifitwerenotfor)表示條件時(shí)，句中一般用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。Withoutyourhelp,Icouldn'tfinishmyworkontime.Intheabsenceofwaterandair,nothingcouldlive.Butforyourassistance,wecouldnotaccomplishit.要不是你的幫忙，我們是難有成就的。2.句中含有or,orelse,otherwise,but等詞語(yǔ)，暗示句子的某一部分(前句或后句)需用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。HewasonbusinessinBeijingatthattime;otherwisehemighthavehelpedus.LuckilyMarytelephonedtoinformmeofthemeeting,orIwouldhavebeenabsent.Ishouldhaveattendedmyfriend’sweddingceremony,butIcouldn’taffordthetime.【活學(xué)巧用】ButforthehelpofmyEnglishteacher,I_______thefirstprizeintheEnglishWritingCompetition.wouldnotwinB.wouldnothavewonC.wouldwinD.wouldhavewonI_______soonerbutIdidn’tknowthattheywerewaitingforme.hadcomeB.wascomingC.wouldcomeD.wouldhavecomeI______throughthatbitterperiodwithoutyourgeneroushelp.couldn’thavegoneB.didn’tgoC.wouldn’tgoD.hadn’tgone---Pityyoumissedthelectureonnuclearpollution.---I______it,butIwasbusypreparingforajobinterview.attendedB.hadattendedC.wouldattendD.wouldhaveattendedButfortheirhelp,we_______theprogramintime.cannotfinishB.willnotfinishC.hadnotfinishD.couldnothavefinishedThankyouforallyourhardworklastweek.Idon’tthinkwe______itwithoutyou.canmanageB.couldhavemanagedC.couldmanageD.canhavemanagedWithoutelectroniccomputers,muchoftoday’sadvancedtechnology_____.willnothavebeenachievedB.havenotbeenachievedC.wouldnothavebeenachievedD.hadnotbeenachieved三非真實(shí)條件句倒裝省略連詞if。在書(shū)面語(yǔ)中，如果虛擬條件從句中有were，had或should，可以把if省略，把這幾個(gè)詞放到主語(yǔ)之前，構(gòu)成主謂倒裝。1.Ifhehadseenyouyesterday，hewouldhaveaskedyouaboutit.→Hadheseenyouyesterday，hewouldhaveaskedyouaboutit.2.IfIwereyou，Iwoulddoitatonce.→WereIyou，Iwoulddoitatonce.3.Shouldhecome(Ifheshouldcome),tellhimtoringmeup.4.WereIyou(IfIwereyou),Iwouldnotdoit.我要是你，就不做這事。5.Hadhehadlunch(Ifhehadhadlunch),hewouldnothaveeatensomanycookies.【活學(xué)巧用】HadIknownaboutthiscomputerprogram,ahugeamountoftimeandenergy_____.WouldhavebeensavedB.hadbeensavedC.willbesavedD.wassaved______Iyou,Iwouldgowithhimtotheparty.wasB.hadbeenC.willbeD.were四賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣1.下列動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句中insist(堅(jiān)持)，urge(催促)，order(命令)，command(命令)，request(請(qǐng)求，要求)，demand(要求)，require(要求，需要)suggest(建議)，advise(建議)，propose(建議),recommend(建議，推薦)用(should)+動(dòng)詞原形Hesuggestedthatwe(should)savemoneyforthefuture.Theundergraduateinsistedthathe(should)gotoworkinthesouth.※注意：當(dāng)suggest表示暗示，insist表示堅(jiān)持觀點(diǎn)，事實(shí)時(shí)，后接的賓語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)當(dāng)用真實(shí)語(yǔ)氣。Hissilencesuggestedthatheagreedwithmydecision.Heinsiststhatdoingmorningexercisesdoeswelltopeople’shealth.2.wish后接that賓語(yǔ)從句表示一種假想情況，實(shí)現(xiàn)可能性較小(1)對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬，假想的情況與主句主語(yǔ)的愿望同時(shí)發(fā)生：賓語(yǔ)從句動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式，謂語(yǔ)be用were。例：IwishIknewtheanswertothequestion.我希望知道這個(gè)答案。Iwishitwerespringinmyhometownalltheyeararound.但愿我的家鄉(xiāng)四季如春。NowthatheisinChina,hewishesheunderstoodChinese.現(xiàn)在他在中國(guó)，他希望能懂得中文。(2)假想的情況在主句主語(yǔ)愿望前發(fā)生：賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，例：IwishIhadn'twastedsomuchtime.我后悔不該浪費(fèi)這么多時(shí)間。Hewisheshehadn'tlostthechance.他真希望沒(méi)有失去機(jī)會(huì)。Wewishedhehadspokentous.(3)假想的情況在主句主語(yǔ)愿望之后發(fā)生：從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用would+原形動(dòng)詞Iwishitwouldstopraining.我希望雨能停止Iwishyouwouldbequiet.我希望你安靜一些。Youwishedshewouldarrivethenextday.你希望她第二天會(huì)到。Iwishshewouldchangehermind.我希望她會(huì)改變主意?！净顚W(xué)巧用】1.IwishI______longerthismorning,butIhadtogetupandcometoclass.A.couldhavesleptB.slept C.mighthavesleptD.haveslept2.---Wherearethechildren?Thedinner’sgoingtobecompletelyruined.---Iwishthey_____alwayslate.A.weren’tB.hadn’tbeenC.wouldn’tbeD.wouldn’thavebeen3.Teachersrecommendparents_____theirchildrenunder12toridebicyclestoschoolforsafety.A.notallowB.donotallowC.mustn’tallowD.couldn’tallow4.Thedoctorrecommendedthatyou______swimaftereatingalargemeal.A.wouldn’tB.couldn’tC.needn’tD.shouldn’t5.HowIwishI______tomyparents’advice.A.listeningB.listenC.amlisteningD.hadlistened6.Theworkersinthefactorydemandedthattheirpay_____by20percent.A.beraisedB.wouldberaisedC.raisedD.raise五主語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣1.Itissuggested/advised/ordered/requested/required…+that從句(should)doItisproposedthatmorestudentsshouldgotouniversity.2.Itisnatural/necessary/strange+that從句(should)do表驚奇、懷疑、惋惜、不滿、理應(yīng)如此等。It’sstrangethatheshouldhavemissedthetrain.（表竟然）Itisimportantthatweshouldlearnfromothers.（表理應(yīng)如此）Itisapitythatheshouldnotgowithus.(表驚訝、不滿)例題分析：Itispolitelyrequestedbythehotelmanagementthatradios______after11o'clockatnight.A.werenotplayedB.notbeplayed C.nottoplayD.didnotplay3.IItishightimethat+從句=Itistimethat+從句，該是...的時(shí)候了，后面的從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用過(guò)去式或用should加動(dòng)詞原形，但should不可省略。Itis(high/about)timewewenthome.Itistimethatthechildrenwenttobed.

Itishightimethatthechildrenshouldgotobed.六其他名詞性從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣1.Myadvice/suggestion/request/requirement/order/proposal…+is+表語(yǔ)從句(should)doMyadviceisthatyoushouldpractisespeakingEnglishasoftenaspossible.Theorderfromthecommanderwasthatthetroopsshouldsetoffforthefrontimmediately.2.Hissuggestion/advice/request/requirement…+同位語(yǔ)從句(should)do+is..Therequestthattheyshouldgetmoreisreasonable.注意：在一些名詞性從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”或“should+havedone”，表示驚訝、意志等感情色彩，譯為“竟然，居然”。Iamsurprised/shockedthatyoushouldspeakinsuchaway。Ifinditastonishingthatheshouldbesorudetohismum。Itisstrange/surprisingthatsheshouldnothavebeeninvited。Iamgladthatyourstoryshouldhavewonthefirstprize。七其他句式中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣1.wouldrather+從句，常用過(guò)去時(shí)did表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)事實(shí)相反的愿望，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)haddone表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的愿望。Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.Iwouldratheryouhadn’ttoldherthenews.Franklyspeaking,Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.Themanagerisn’tavailabletoday.Iwouldratheryouhadgonetothepartywithmelastnight.Itwasreallywonderful.【活學(xué)巧用】1.“ShallIcometomorrow?”“I’dratheryou_________.”A.won’t

B.didn’t

C.don’t

D.wouldn’t2.“I’vetoldhimaboutit.”“ButI’dratheryou_________.”A.didn’t

B.hadn’t

C.don’t

D.wouldn’t3.“Hewilltakeyouaswell.”“ButI’dratherhe_________.”A.won’t

B.didn’t

C.doesn’t

D.wouldn’t4.Mostinsuranceagentswouldratheryou_____anythingaboutcollectingclaimsuntiltheyinvestigatethesituation.A.doB.don’tC.didn’tD.didn’tdo2.Ifonly+從句同樣表示假想，意為“要是…就好了”，相當(dāng)于wish(過(guò)去式-與現(xiàn)在相反)/(would+動(dòng)詞原形-與將來(lái)相反)/(過(guò)去完成時(shí)-與過(guò)去相反)Ifmygrandmotherwerewithme!如果我的祖母與我在一起多好啊!Ifonlyshehadnotleft!如果她沒(méi)走就好了!Ifonlyhewouldcometomorrow!IfonlyIhadtakenheradvice!注意：onlyif是“只要”的意思，從句中用陳述語(yǔ)氣【活學(xué)巧用】1.LookattheterriblesituationIamin!IfonlyI____youradvice.A.followB.hadfollowedC.wouldfollowD.havefollowed2.LookattheterriblesituationIamin!IfonlyI______youradvice.A.followB.wouldfollowC.hadfollowedD.havefollowed3.asif/though+從句表示說(shuō)話人假想的情況，用法同wish(過(guò)去式-與現(xiàn)在相反)/(would+動(dòng)詞原形-與將來(lái)相反)/(過(guò)去完成時(shí)-與過(guò)去相反)Hefeltasifhealonewereresponsibleforwhathadhappened.他感到仿佛唯獨(dú)他要對(duì)發(fā)生的一切負(fù)責(zé)。Theoldmanlookedatthepicture,hefeltasthoughhehadgonebacktotime20yearsago.Theytalkedandtalkedasiftheywouldnevermeetagain.他們談了又談，仿佛他們不會(huì)再相見(jiàn)的樣子?！净顚W(xué)巧用】hespeaksChineseasfluentlyasifhe______aChinese.A.wereB.hadbeenC.isD.hasbeen2.Lookingroundthetown,hefeltasthoughhe______awayforages.A.hasbeenB.wasC.isD.hadbeen4.lest,forfearthat,inorderthat及incase引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多由should＋動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成，should可省略Hewaspunishedlestheshouldmakethesamemistakeagain．他被處以懲罰以免他再犯?！净顚W(xué)巧用】1.Themadmanwasputinthesoft-paddedcelllesthe_____himself.A.injure B.injuredC.hadinjureD.wouldinjure四虛擬語(yǔ)氣題組訓(xùn)練1.---I’msorry.I_______atyoutheotherday.

---Forgetit.Iwasabitoutofcontrolmyself.

A.shouldn’tshoutB.shouldn’thaveshoutedC.mustn’tshout D.mustn’thaveshouted2.Thankyouforallyourhardworklastweek.Idon’tthinkwe____itwithoutyou.A.canmanage

B.couldhavemanaged

C.couldmanage

D.canhavemanaged3.____hehadnothurthisleg,Johnwouldhavewontherace.A.If

B.SinceC.Though

D.When4.---Ifthetraffichadn’tbeensoheavy,Icouldhavebeenbackby6o’clock.

---Whatapity!Tina____heretoseeyou.

A.is

B.was

C.wouldbe

D.hasbeen5.Hesuggestedthattheperson____tobepunished.A.refers

B.refer

C.shouldrefer

D.referred6.---Doyouthinkthethiefenteredtheroomthroughthebackdoor?

---No,ifhehad,Idon’tbelievehe____theliving-roomwindow.A.wouldbreak

B.broke

C.wouldhavebroken

D.breaks7.---____hecometoseeyouashepromised?

---Ofcourse,please,andI’dratherhe____methetruth.

A.Will;informed

B.Shall;told

C.Should;willtell

D.Can;tell8.IforgetwhereIreadthearticle,orI________ittoyounow.A.willshow

B.wouldshow

C.amgoingtoshow

D.amshowing9.“Itlooksasifheweredrunk.”“Soitdoes._________.”A.He’dbettergiveupdrinking B.Heshouldn’thavedrunksomuch

C.Healthismoreimportantthandrink D.Iwonderwhyheisalwaysdoingso10.“Marylookshotanddry”“So_________youifyouhadsohighafever.”A.doB.areC.will D.would11.“Hewillcometomorrow.”“ButI’dratherhe_________thedayaftertomorrow.”A.willcomeB.iscomingC.cameD.hadcome12.Allthedoctorsinthehospitalinsistedthathe________badlywoundedandthathe________atonce.A.shouldbe;beoperatedonB.were;mustbeoperatedonC.was;shouldbeoperatedD.was;beoperatedon13._________smoking,hewouldnothavegotcancerinthelung.A.Washegivenup B.HadhegivenupC.Didhegive D.Ifhegaveup14.—Whydidn’tyoucometoMike'sbirthdaypartyyesterday?—Well,I________,butIforgotit.A.shouldhaveB.mustC.should D.musthave15.Itogoforawalk,butsomeonecalledandIcouldn’tgetway.A.wasplanningB.hadplannedC.plannedD.wouldplan16.Iwouldlike_______youtomybirthdayparty,butIwasbusyandforgottocallyou.A.toinviteB.invitingC.tohaveinvited D.havinginvited17.HadPaulreceivedsixmorevotesinthelastelection,he______ourchairmannow.A.musthavebeenB.wouldhavebeen C.wereD.wouldbe18.______theEnglishexaminationIwouldhavegonetotheconcertlastSunday.A.InspiteofB.ButforC.Becauseof D.Asfor19.Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest,soitseemsasifthesun________roundtheearth.A.werecirclingB.circlesC.iscircling D.becircling20.Hadheworkedharder,he_____theexams.A.musthavegotthroughB.wouldhavegotthroughC.wouldgetthroughD.couldgetthrough21.I'dratheryou_____bytrain,becauseIcan'tbeartheideaofyourbeinginanairplaneinsuchbadweather.A.wouldgoB.shouldgoC.wentD.hadgone22._____forthetimelyinvestmentfromthegeneralpublic,ourcompanywouldnotbesothrivingasitis.A.HaditnotbeenB.WereitnotC.BeitnotD.Shoulditnotbe

23.Weareallforyourproposalthatdiscussion_____.A.beputoffB.wasputoffC.shouldputoffD.istoputoff24.LookattheterriblesituationIamin!ifonlyI____youradvice.A.followB.hadfollowedC.wouldfollowD.havefollowed25.Withoutelectroniccomputers,muchoftoday’sadvancedtechnology______.A.willnothavebeenachievedB.havenotbeenachievedC.wouldnothavebeenachievedD.hadnotbeenachieved26.Mostinsuranceagentswouldratheryou______anythingaboutcollectingclaimsuntiltheyinvestigatethesituation.A.doB.don’t C.didn’t D.didn’tdo27.Asusual,heputonashowasthoughhistrip______agreatsuccess.A.hadbeenB.hasbeenC.wereD.was28.Lookingroundthetown,hefeltasthoughhe______awayforages.A．hasbeenB.wasC.isD.hadbeen29.Jeandoesn'twanttoworkrightawaybecauseshethinksthatifshe______ajobsheprobablywouldn'tbeabletoseeherfriendsveryoften.A.hastogetB.hadgotC.weretogetD.couldhavegot30.Iwasreallyanxiousaboutyou.You____homewithoutaword.A.mustn’tleave

B.shouldn’thaveleft

C.couldn’thaveleft

D.needn’tleave四高考真題訓(xùn)練1（2015·重慶高考）13.ItwasJohnwhobrokethewindow.WhyareyoutalkingtomeasifI________it?A.haddoneB.havedone C.did D.amdoing2（2015·北京高考）34.We________backinthehotelnowifyoudidn’tlosethemap.A.are B.were C.willbe D.wouldbe3（2015·湖南高考）22.IfMr.Dewey________present，hewouldhaveofferedanypossibleassistancetothepeoplethere.A.were B.hadbeen C.shouldbe D.was4（2015·天津高考）15.________themorningtrain，hewouldnothavebeenlateforthemeeting.A.Didhecatch B.Shouldhecatch C.HashecaughtD.Hadhecaught5（2014·福建高考）32.________nomoderntelecommunications，wewouldhavetowaitforweekstogetnewsfromaroundtheworld.A.Werethere B.Hadtherebeen C.Ifthereare D.Iftherehavebeen6（2015·浙江高考）16.Theywereabroadduringthemonthswhenwewerecarryingouttheinvestigation，orthey________toourhelp.A.wouldhavecome B.couldcome C.havecome D.hadcome7（2015·安徽高考）30.Peoplearerecyclingmanythingswhichthey________awayinthepast.A.hadthrown B.