2024-2025學年新教材高中英語Unit4Amazingart素養(yǎng)練習含解析外研版必修第三冊

PAGE24-單元素養(yǎng)評價(四)Unit4(120分鐘150分)第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分,滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后,你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。Text1M:Oh,Mom.Whydidyouwakeupsoearly?Youcan’tbetakingustoschoolalready.①Schooldoesn’tstartuntilaquartertoseven.W:I’mnottakingyoutoschool.Actually,you’reskippingschooltoday.1.Whendoesschoolstart?A.At6:35.B.At6:45.C.At7:15.答案:BText2M:Hello,Jess.W:Hi,Max.Welcome.②Wouldyoulikesomecoffeeandcake?M:②Didyoumakeit?W:②Yes,Idid.Clairemadethesecookies.See,thesugarcookiesareallintheshapeofanEasteregg.2.Whomadethecake?A.Jess. B.Max. C.Claire.答案:AText3M:Mum,haveyouseenmyschoolbag?W:It’shanginguphere,withthecoats.Imoveditbecauseitwasonthekitchentable.③Tom,remembertoleaveitinthelivingroomwhenyoucomehomefromschool.Thenitwon’tbeinmyway.3.Whatdoesthewomanasktheboytodoafterschool?A.Putawayhisschoolbag.B.Movethekitchentable.C.Hanguphiscoat.答案:AText4M:Ihaven’tseenLindaRiveraforalongtime.Hasshebeenawayonaholiday?W:Oh,youhaven’theard.④Shesetupherowntravelagency.4.WhatdoweknowaboutLindaRivera?A.Shewenttravelling.B.Shestartedacompany.C.Shewasfired.答案:BText5M:That’squitealotofbooksyou’recarrying.Letmehelpyouwiththose.W:I’mjustgoingtoputthemonthedeskjustaroundthecorner.⑤Ishallbeabletomanagewithouthelp.Thanksanyway.5.Whatdoesthewomanmean?A.Shedoesn’tneedtheman’shelp.B.Sheexpectsthemantomovethedesk.C.Shewantstoremovethebookfromthedesk.答案:A其次節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分,滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前,你將有時間閱讀各個小題,每小題5秒鐘;聽完后,各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料,回答第6、7題。Text6W:Hey,whereiseverybody?M:⑥TheytookBentothepark.Wherehaveyoubeen?W:Sorry,I’mlate.IpickedupthecakeandittookmelongerthanIexpected.⑦Whenwillthepartystart?M:Beninvitedeightchildrenfromschool.Andthey’llarriveatabout2intheafternoon.W:OK.ThenI’llputthecandlesonthecakeandleaveitinthekitchenandthenI’llcomeandhelpsetthetable.6.WhereisBen?A.Inthekitchen. B.Atschool.C.Inthepark.答案:C7.Whatwillthechildrendointheafternoon?A.Helpsetthetable. B.Haveaparty.C.Dotheirhomework.答案:B聽第7段材料,回答第8、9題。Text7M:Tracey,Iwantsomenewshoesforthepartytonight.Shallwegoandbuysomelater?W:OK,⑧butIpromisedtohelpmygranddadwashhiscartoday.M:Whydon’tyoudothatimmediately?We’llgoassoonasyou’refinished.W:OK.AndIsupposeIcandomyhomeworkwhenwegetback.I’msurelydoingthatbeforewegototheparty—⑨Idon’twanttodoittomorrow!M:Yeah,⑨Idon’tlikedoingittillthelastdayoftheweekend,either.SoIfinishedallmyhomeworkafterschoolyesterday.8.Whatwillthewomandofirst?A.Washacar. B.Goshopping.C.Doherhomework.答案:A9.Whendoestheconversationtakeplace?A.OnFriday.B.OnSaturday.C.OnSunday.答案:B聽第8段材料,回答第10～12題。Text8W:JuliaandIaredrivingdowntownthisafternoon.Wanttocome,Tom?M:Thanks,Cathy.⑩ButI’vegottostudy.I’mwaybehindinmaths.W:Well,inthatcase,isthereanythingwecangetforyou?M:Gee,QUOTE?IleftmywatchatGilson’stheotherday.Itshouldbereadybynow.W:I’dbegladtopickitup.M:Well,Cathy,nowthatIthinkaboutit,I’vegotsomethingelsetododowntown.Ihavetobuysomethingatthesupermarket.MaybeI’dbettergowithyou.W:We’llbeleavingfromtheparkinglot.QUOTE?I’mbehindwithmyworksowe’llonlybethereacoupleofhours.M:Oh.Ifit’sonlyacoupleofhours,Icancertainlygo.W:Great!Seeyouinafewminutes.10.Whydoesn’tthemanwanttogodowntownatfirst?A.Hehasnothingtododowntown.B.Hehasamathsclasstotake.C.Heplanstostudy.答案:C11.What’sGilson’s?A.Asupermarket. B.Awatchrepairshop.C.Aparkinglot.答案:B12.Whatdoweknowaboutthewoman?A.Shewillbebusywithherwork.B.Sheisleavinginseveralhours.C.Shewillpickuptheman’swatch.答案:A聽第9段材料,回答第13～16題。Text9W:Oh,Idon’tfeelsogood.MaybeIshouldliedown.M:QUOTE?Letmefeelyourhead...Oh,you’reburningup.I’mgoingtotakeyourtemperature.QUOTE?AndI’mgoingtoemailyourbossandtellhimyou’renotgoingtoworktomorrow.W:No,don’tbother.?I’lljusttexthimrightnow.M:Fine.Whendidyoustartfeelingbad?W:?Ifeltalittleheadachethismorning,butIthoughtitwasjustbecauseIhadn’tsleptwellwiththenewpillowlastnight.Itjustgotworseandworsethroughouttheafternoon.M:Doyouwantmetocallthedoctor?Oryoursister?W:No,that’sOK.?Butyoucouldhelpturntheairconditioneron.M:?OK.Ifyou’resleepy,thengotobed.13.Whydoesthemanthinkthewomanhasafever?A.Herheadfeelshot.B.Hetookhertemperature.C.Shetoldhimshewasfeelingcold.答案:A14.Whowillthewomansendatextmessageto?A.Herdoctor.B.Herboss.C.Hersister.答案:B15.Whendidshestartfeelingbad?A.Lastnight. B.Thismorning.C.Thisafternoon.答案:B16.Whatwillthemandonext?A.Turnoffthelight. B.Findanewpillow.C.Turnontheairconditioner.答案:C聽第10段材料,回答第17～20題。Text10Goodafternoon,everybody.Thankyouforlistening.I’mDoctorReid.TodayIwilldiscusstheeffectofsleeponschoolstudentswithyou.Thefirstthingiswhetheralackofsleepaffectsteenagers.Theansweris“Yes”.Manyteenagersaregettinglittlesleepandthereareconcernsthatthiscouldhaveaseriouslong-termeffectontheirhealthbutwedon’tknowforsureyet.Researchersarealsolookingintohowfaralackofsleepaffectsyoungpeoplewithlowspirits.QUOTE?ButonestudyhasclearlyshownthathighschoolstudentsgettinglowgradesalsogetonaverageonehourlesssleepthanstudentsgettingAs.Thenwhyaren’tteenagersgettingenoughsleep?It’saproblemthatseemstoaffectallteenagers,notjusttheoneswhoeatthewrongthingsorwhodon’ttakeanyexercise.QUOTE?IthinktoomanyteenagerswatchTVintheirroomsorplaycomputergamesuntilverylate.Somestudentssaytheystayuplatebecausetheycan’tgettosleepiftheygotobedearlier.Well,don’thaveanysoftdrinksoranydrinkthatincludehotchocolatebeforesleeping.QUOTE?Readingabookyouknowwellorlisteningtoastory,ratherthanmusic,shouldhelpyourbraintorelax.Soyoushouldn’tdoyourhomeworkjustbeforegoingtosleep.Itwouldbebetterforschoolstostayopenforlongersothatpupilscandotheirhomeworkbeforetheygethome.?Anotherthingthatsomeschoolshavetriedsuccessfullyistobegintheschooldayhalfanhourlaterandendtheschooldayhalfanhourlater,whichseemslikeagoodideatome,andIreallyrecommendthat.17.Whatcanbeclearlyaffectedifteenagerslacksleep?A.Theirspirits. B.Theirlong-termhealth.C.Theirgrades.答案:C18.Whatistoblameforteenagersnotgettingenoughsleepaccordingtothespeaker?A.Poordiet. B.Lackofexercise.C.Toomuchentertainment.答案:C19.Whatadvicedoesthespeakergivetoteenagerswhohavetroublegettingtosleep?A.Listentomusic. B.Readabook.C.Drinkhotchocolate.答案:B20.Whatdoesthespeakersuggestschoolsshoulddo?A.Startlessonslater. B.Shortentheschoolday.C.Offerclassesintheevenings.答案:A其次部分閱讀(共兩節(jié),滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AEverydayaroundtheworld,thousandsofpeoplewithlittleornoscholarlytraininginarthistorywalkintomuseums.Theymayormaynotreadnoticeboardsthatsharerelevantinformationoftheartworksorartists.Imagine,beforebeingpermittedtodirecttheireyeballstotheartonthewalls,museumvisitorswererequiredtoreada15-or-20introductiontoeachpieceoreachartist.Howmanypeoplewouldgotomuseumsifthatwerethecase?Yetthisseemstobetheexpectationwhenitcomestoreadingclassicliterature.Classicnovelstypicallycomewith15-or-20introductions,whichoftenincludespoilers,assumingthatreadersdonotcometoclassicbookstodiscover,beabsorbedin,andbesurprisedbythestoryworld.Also,apparently,wemustn’treadclassicalone,withoutexpertsguidingourexperiences.However,classicliteratureisinauniquepositiontoshowusthatwe’renotaloneinourpainsandjoys.Bytakingusoutofourtime,classicbooksfreeustoseebeyondthesetofbeliefswesticktoandtoconnecthumanexperiencesthatremainaliveacrosstimeandplace.Whatcouldbemoregrounding(有充分理由的),morecomforting,thanseeingourselvesinthebattles,longings(渴望),andpleasuresthathaveplayedoutacrosshundreds,thousandsofyearsofhumanhistory?Ourpersonalengagementisthefirststepofalongerjourneyofdiscoverythatdeepensourknowledgeandunderstandingofourselvesandourworld.Wemay,forexample,feelforHesterPrynnefromNathanielHawthorne’sTheScarletLetterthoughwedespairoftheworldshelivedin.Whilewe’relettinggoofthings,let’sstopworryingaboutunderstandingeverything.Wecan’t.Itwillbefunifweembracecuriosity,thepleasureofworkingoutamystery,andourcommonrelationshipsashumans.Wecanfeel,forexample,thepowerofself-sacrificeinCharlesDickens’ATaleofTwoCitiesevenwhenwelackfullunderstandingoftheculturalreferencesandlanguages.【文章大意】本文是一篇爭論文。文章主要表達了人們?nèi)狈I(yè)的藝術學問以及經(jīng)典文學對人們的重要性。21.Mostmuseumgoers_______.

A.enjoyreadingnoticeboards.B.understandtheartworkswell.C.sharecommoninterestinartworks.D.lackprofessionalartknowledge.【解析】選D。細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。由文章第一段“Everydayaroundtheworld,thousandsofpeoplewithlittleornoscholarlytraininginarthistorywalkintomuseums.”可知,很多去博物館的人都缺乏足夠的專業(yè)的藝術學問,故選D。22.Whatcanthe“spoilers”inPara.2possiblybe?A.plotsgivenawayinadvance.B.readers’expectations.C.guidingexperts.D.detailsgivenaway.【解析】選A。推理推斷題。由文章其次段“Classicnovelstypicallycomewith15-or-20introductions,whichoftenincludespoilers”可推斷出,經(jīng)典著作前言部分供應的是故事情節(jié),故選A。23.Whatmessageismainlyconveyedinthepassage?A.Weshouldfindmorefunfromclassics.B.Expertsneedtogivereadersbetterguidance.C.Readingclassicsisapersonalexploration.D.Classicliteratureonlybenefitsafewreaders.【解析】選C。主旨大意題。由文章最終一段可知,即使我們對名著缺乏足夠的文化背景及語言了解,我們也能從中感受到藝術的力氣,因此,閱讀經(jīng)典的過程就是自我探究的過程,故選C。B(2024·長沙高一檢測)JimDenevanisanamazingartistwhoseworkisadmiredbyall,butownedbynone—that’sbecauseallofJim’sartiscreatedonanunusualcanvas(畫布)—thesoftsand.Hesometimesspendsdaysworkingonapiece,onlytoseeitwashedawaybytheseaorastormandthatisjustthewayhelikesit.Denevandiscoveredhisartistictalentsabouttenyearsago,whenhewaswanderingaimlesslyonthebeachwithastick.Heendedupdrawinga12-foot-longfish.Sincethen,Jimhastraveledover1,800mileswhilecreatingover600piecesofsandart.Overtheyears,hisdrawingshavebecomebigger,butthetoolsheuseshaven’tchanged—Allheneedsisastick,agardenrake(耙子)andmostimportantly,hislivelyimagination!Justlikeanygoodartist,Jimisquiteparticularaboutthe“quality”ofhiscanvas,sometimeswalkingformiles,lookingforperfectsand.Hislatestpieceofwork,whichisalsotheworld’slargestfreelance(自由職業(yè)的)drawing,wascreatedinthedesertsandofNevada.IttookJimthreetrips,eightdaysandover100milesofwalkingtocreatethis3-mileworkofart.Ittookthestormjustonenighttodestroyit!However,Jimsaysheactuallyenjoyswatchingthewavesorrainwashhispaintingsaway.Jim’sarthasbecomeverypopularovertheyearsandwaseventhetopicofadocumentarynamed“Sandman”in2015.JimDenevanisnotjustaboutartinthesand—heisalsoanexcellentchefandfounderofanorganizationcalled“OutstandingintheField”,whosemottoistocelebratefoodatitssource.Accordingly,groupdiningeventsareheldoutdoorsonfarms,withthedinersbeingtreatedtoadeliciousmeal.Theevents,whichareheldindifferentfarmsthroughoutAmerica,arealwayssoldouttheminutethescheduleisannounced.【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。主要講解并描述了JimDenevan這位令人驚羨的藝術家的成名過程。24.WhatdoweknowaboutDenevan?A.Heusedtobeachef.B.Hehasatalentforcreatingsandart.C.Heputshisworkonshowregularly.D.Heshowedartistictalentsataveryyoungage.【解析】選D。細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段第一句Denevandiscoveredhisartistictalentsabouttenyearsago,whenhewaswanderingaimlesslyonthebeachwithastick.可知Denevan年輕的時候就呈現(xiàn)出了藝術天分。25.Itcanbelearntfromthepassagethat_______.

A.DenevanwalksalottocompletehisworkB.itisnothardforDenevantofindsuitablesandtodrawonC.itusuallytakeslongforthestormtodestroyDenevan’sworkD.Denevanisveryparticularabouthisdrawingtools【解析】選A。細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段最終一句Sincethen,Jimhastraveledover1,800mileswhilecreatingover600piecesofsandart.可知吉姆走了1800多英里,創(chuàng)作了600多件沙子藝術品。故選A。26.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeDenevan?A.Generous. B.Kind-hearted.C.Imaginative. D.Traditional.【解析】選C。細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段最終一句Allheneedsisastick,agardenrakeandmostimportantly,hislivelyimagination!可知Denevan是個想象力豐富的人。27.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.Denevanloseshisinterestinartsoon.B.Denevanisalsopopularasachef.C.BeingahappychefisDenevan’sfinalgoalinlife.D.Denevan’sfamehelpshimwithhischefjob.【解析】選B。段落大意題。依據(jù)最終一段其次句JimDenevanisnotjustaboutartinthesand—heisalsoanexcellentchef以及下文內(nèi)容可知JimDenevan不僅僅是一個藝術家,他還是一個精彩的廚師,故最終一段主要說明白他也是一個受歡迎的廚師。CInacountryknownforhigh-techambitionsandgiantstate-ownedfirms,theplightofstreethawkersmayseeminsignificant.ButinChinathesedays,peoplelikeShuiJin,anoldladyridingawoodencartfilledwithfruit,areinthespotlight.Facedwithrisingunemployment,officialshaveconcludedthatpavementstandscanhelpsolvetheeconomy’sproblems.ShuiJin,whousedtofacethedangerofheavyfines,maysellherfruitwithmoreconfidenceassheslowlymakesherwaythroughthenarrowlanesofSuzhou.Herfamilyneedsthemoney.Bothherdaughters-in-lawrecentlylosttheirjobs,amongthetensofmillionsinChinahurtbytheCOVID-19outbreak.Thegovernment’ssupportforstreethawkersissomethingofanabout-turn.ForyearsMunicipalauthoritiespushedouthawkers,tryingtotidyupthecolourfulchaosthatoncecharacterizedChina’scities.Inthenameof“civilizing”urbanlife,theywantedtoseedumplings,plastictoysandT-shirtsboughtinsideshoppingmalls,notsoldfromthebackofcarts.ButonJune1stLiKeqiang,theprimeminister,signalledachange.StoppingbyasnackstandinthecityofYantai,hedeclaredthatstreethawkersandsmallshopswerevitaltotheeconomy.“Onlywhenthepeopleareingoodshapecanthenationbeingoodshape,”hesaid.

MrLi’scomplimenthasproducedafeelingofexcitementabouttherevivalofChina’s“street-standeconomy”.Atleast27provincesandcitieshaveannouncedthattheywillcreatemarketsforhawkersor,insomecases,letthemmovetheirthingsbeingsoldontothepavementinfrontoftheirshops.TheshiningexampleisChengdu,abusyandnoisycityinSichuanprovinceinthesouth-west,wherebusinessesstartedsettingupstreetstandsinMarch.Thelocalgovernmentthereclaimsthatmorethan10,000jobshavebeencreatedintheprocess.【文章大意】本文是一篇新聞報道。新聞報道了如今的中國,面對新型冠狀病毒肺炎導致的不斷上升的失業(yè)率,官方激勵地攤經(jīng)濟,并以此幫助解決一般百姓的經(jīng)濟問題。28.Accordingtothepassage,streethawkersinChinausedto_______.

A.cleanthestreet B.beinthespotlightC.runashop D.begivenheavyfines【解析】選D。細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中ShuiJin,whousedtofacethedangerofheavyfines,maysellherfruitwithmoreconfidenceassheslowlymakesherwaythroughthenarrowlanesofSuzhou.可知中國的街頭小販過去會被處以高額罰款。29.Whichofthefollowingcanbestreplacetheunderlinedphrase“anabout-turn”inParagraph3?A.alocalgovernment B.acompletechangeC.agoodshape D.acleancity【解析】選B。詞義揣測題。依據(jù)后文ForyearsMunicipalauthoritiespushedouthawkers,tryingtotidyupthecolourfulchaosthatoncecharacterizedChina’scities.Inthenameof“civilizing”urbanlife,theywantedtoseedumplings,plastictoysandT-shirtsboughtinsideshoppingmalls,notsoldfromthebackofcarts.ButonJune1stLiKeqiang,theprimeminister,signalledachange.StoppingbyasnackstandinthecityofYantai,hedeclaredthatstreethawkersandsmallshopswerevitaltotheeconomy.可知多年來,市政當局把小販趕出去,試圖清理曾經(jīng)是中國城市特色的五彩繽紛的混亂局面。以“文明”城市生活的名義,他們希望看到餃子、塑料玩具和T恤是在商場里買的,而不是在手推車后面賣。但在6月1日,總理李克強發(fā)出了變更的信號。他在煙臺市的一個小吃攤前停下,宣稱街頭小販和小商店對經(jīng)濟至關重要。由此可知,政府對街頭小販的支持有了徹底的轉變。故畫線短語意思為“徹底變更”。30.Whydidtheprimeministersaystreethawkersandsmallshopswerevitaltotheeconomy?A.Theycanmakefewjobscreatedfortheunemployedpeople.B.Theycanmakethepeopleandthenationingoodshape.C.TheycanmakepeoplelikeShuiJinsellingtheirfruit.D.Theycanmakethecitytidyandnoisy.【解析】選B。細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段中ButonJune1stLiKeqiang,theprimeminister,signalledachange.StoppingbyasnackstandinthecityofYantai,hedeclaredthatstreethawkersandsmallshopswerevitaltotheeconomy.“Onlywhenthepeopleareingoodshapecanthenationbeingoodshape,”hesaid.可知總理說街頭小販和小商店對經(jīng)濟至關重要,因為他們可以使人民和國家處于良好狀態(tài)。31.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Chinaturnstoonce-bannedhawkerstoreviveitseconomy.B.China’sstreet-standeconomyhasalonghistory.C.Chinahashigh-techambitionsandgiantstate-ownedfirms.D.Chinaisnowfacedwithrisingunemployment.【解析】選A。主旨大意題。依據(jù)其次段Facedwithrisingunemployment,officialshaveconcludedthatpavementstandscanhelpsolvetheeconomy’sproblems.可知本篇文章的主旨是中國轉向曾經(jīng)被禁止的小販來振興經(jīng)濟。D(2024·重慶高一檢測)Foranoldperson,hisbrainmayperformnotsowellasbefore.Butanewstudysuggeststhatsomepartsofbrainmayalreadydeclineinyoungadulthood.Thestudy,whichfollowedmorethan2,000healthyadultsbetweentheagesof18and60,foundthatcertainmentalfunctions—includingmeasuresofabstractreasoning,mentalspeedandpuzzle-solving—startedtodullasearlyasage27.Meanwhile,thedeclineofmemorygenerallybecameapparentaroundage37.Ontheotherhand,indicatorsofaperson’saccumulatedknowledge—likeperformanceontestsofvocabularyandgeneralknowledge—keptimprovingwithage,accordingtofindingspublishedinthejournalNeurobiologyofAging.Theresultsdonotmeanthatyoungadultsneedtostartworryingabouttheirmemories.Mostpeople’smindsfunctionatahighlevelevenintheirlateryears,accordingtoresearcherTimothySalthouse.“Accordingtothesepatterns,somekindsofflexibilityinthebraindeclinerelativelyearlyinadulthood,butthroughoutadulthoodtheknowledgepoolinone’scommandandtheeffectivecombinationwithone’scapabilitiesmaybeontheincreasewithouttheattackofdiseases.”Salthousesaidinanewsconference.Thestudyincludedhealthy,educatedadultswhotookstandardtestsofmemory,reasoningandperceptionatfirstandatsomepointoverthenextsevenyears.Thetestsaredesignedtodetectsubtle(微小的)changesinmentalfunction,andinvolvesolvingpuzzles,recallingwordsanddetailsfromstories,andidentifyingpatternsincollectionsoflettersandsymbols.Ingeneral,Salthouseandhiscolleaguesfoundthatcertainaspectsofcognition(認知實力)generallystartedtodeclineinthelate20sto30s.Thefindingsexplainnormalage-relatedchangesinmentalfunction,whichcouldaidinunderstandingtheprocessofdementia(癡呆),accordingtotheresearchers.“Byfollowingindividualsovertime,”Salthousesaid,“wegaininsightincognitionchanges,andmaypossiblydiscoverwaystoslowtherateofdecline.”Theresearchersarecurrentlyanalyzingthestudyparticipants’healthandlifestyletoseewhichfactorsmightinfluenceage-relatedcognitivechanges.【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。對于老年人來說,他的大腦可能沒有以前那么好了。但一項新的探討表明,大腦的某些部分可能在成年早期就已經(jīng)衰退了。依據(jù)Salthouse所說,他們的探討將找到阻擋大腦功能快速遲鈍的方法。32.Accordingtothetext,whatisthecommonviewofmentalfunction?A.Itvariesfrompersontoperson.B.Itweakensinone’slateryears.C.Itgraduallyexpandswithage.D.Itindicatesone’shealthcondition.【解析】選B。推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段中Ingeneral,Salthouseandhiscolleaguesfoundthatcertainaspectsofcognitiongenerallystartedtodeclineinthelate20sto30s.Thefindingsexplainnormalage-relatedchangesinmentalfunction,whichcouldaidinunderstandingtheprocessofdementia,accordingtotheresearchers.可知對心智功能的一般看法是“它在人的晚年減弱?！?3.WhatdoesTimothySalthousesayaboutpeople’smindsinmostcases?A.Theytendtodeclineinpeople’slateryears.B.Theirflexibilitydeterminesone’sabilities.C.Theyfunctionquitewelleveninoldage.D.Theirfunctioningisstillapuzzletobesolved.【解析】選C。細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第四段中Mostpeople’smindsfunctionatahighlevelevenintheirlateryears,accordingtoresearcherTimothySalthouse.可知,TimothySalthouse認為即使到了老年,大腦的功能也很好。34.Althoughpeople’smindsmayfunctionlessflexiblyastheyage,whatistheirstrength?A.Theymaybebetteratsolvingpuzzles.B.Theycanmemorizethingswithmoreease.C.Theymayhavegreaterfacilityinabstractreasoning.D.Theycanputwhattheyhavelearnedintomoreeffectiveuse.【解析】選D。推理推斷題。依據(jù)第四段后半部分可知,盡管隨著年齡的增長,人們的思維可能不那么敏捷,但他們的特長是“他們可以把所學到的學問更有效地運用起來。”35.AccordingtoSalthouse,howmaytheirstudyhelpus?A.Itwillfindwaystostopmentalfunctionsdullingfast.B.Itwillfindwaystoimproveourmemories.C.Itwillhelpusunderstandthecomplexprocessofmentalfunctioning.D.Itwillhelpusunderstandtherelationbetweenphysicalandmentalhealth.【解析】選A。推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段中wegaininsightincognitionchanges,andmaypossiblydiscoverwaystoslowtherateofdecline.可知按著Salthouse所說,他們的探討將找到阻擋大腦功能快速遲鈍的方法。其次節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。(2024·溫州高一檢測)Tojokearoundistohavefunwithsomeone.Tofoolsomeoneistotrytomakehimbelievesomethingthatisnottrue.36

April1stisknownasthedaytofoolpeoplewithpracticaljokes,pranksorharmlesstricks.37SomesayAprilFools’Daybeganasonebigmistake.

Manycenturiesago,peopleintheWesternworldusedtheJuliancalendar.38However,whenpeoplebeganusingtheGregoriancalendar,theNewYearwasmovedtoJanuary1st.ThosewhoforgotthechangeandtriedtocelebrateNewYear’sDayonthewrongdatewereteasedandcalled“Aprilfools”.ThisisjustoneofthemanytheoriesbehindtheoriginofAprilFools’Day.39

Thefoolisacommoncharacterinart,musicandliterature.WilliamShakespeareisfamousforhisfools.Andfoolsmakeforgreatpopsongs.Foolsarefoundinmanywords,expressionsandproverbs.Tobefoolhardymeanstodosomethingthataretoodangerousorrisky.Forexample,itisfoolhardytohikeupamountainduringaheavysnowstorm.Ifsomethingisfoolproof,itisplannedormadesowellthatnothingcouldgowrong.40

“Look,Idon’twanttogetintotrouble.Thisplanofyourssoundsrisky.”“Myplanisfoolproof.NothingwillgowrongaslongasyoudoexactlyasIsay.”A.Notevenafoolcouldmessitup.B.AndthatisthepurposeofAprilFools’Day.C.TheycelebratedtheNewYearonApril1st.D.Evenasmartpersoncanbeafoolattimes.E.Butthetraditionremainsthesame—tofoolsomeone.F.Foolsalsofindthemselvesinmanyproverbs.G.Buthowdidthistraditionbegin?【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了愚人節(jié)的由來,以及不變的宗旨“愚弄人”。36.【解析】選B。上文Tofoolsomeoneistotrytomakehimbelievesomethingthatisnottrue.與B項承接自然,選項中的that就指代上文提到的內(nèi)容。37.【解析】選G。依據(jù)下文SomesayAprilFools’Daybeganasonebigmistake.可知有人說愚人節(jié)始于一個巨大的錯誤。這回答了G項中所提的問題。38.【解析】選C。上文Manycenturiesago,peopleintheWesternworldusedtheJuliancalendar.與C項承接自然,選項中的they就指代上文提到的peopleintheWesternworld。39.【解析】選E。依據(jù)上文ThisisjustoneofthemanytheoriesbehindtheoriginofAprilFools’Day.可知這只是眾多關于愚人節(jié)起源的理論之一,與E項Butthetraditionremainsthesame—tofoolsomeone.構成明顯的轉折關系。40.【解析】選A。上文Ifsomethingisfoolproof,itisplannedormadesowellthatnothingcouldgowrong.與A項Notevenafoolcouldmessitup.構成遞進關系,選項中的it就代指前文中的something。第三部分語言運用(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分,滿分15分)閱讀下面短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Mikewas11.Ashisbirthdaywascomingup,he41hisfathertobuyhimabike,sothathecouldgotoschoolcyclingandnotby42orrelyingonhisfathertodrophimatschool,whichwaslocatedamileawayfromhishome.

Onhis43,seeingasetofbookswrappednicelyinhisfather’shand,though44,hethankedhisfather.Mike’sfatherwas45ashedidn’thaveenoughmoneytobuyabike.

Afteraweek,whenMikewaswalkinghomefromschool,hesawaboyridingabike.Mike46thatthebikewastoosmallforthebigboy.47,theboyranintoapostandfellonthestreet.Mikerushedtohimand48himwhowashisschoolmateSam.

Mikehelpedhimstandupandprovidedhimwithwater.SinceSamwasridingthebikefast,hisleftlegandhandswere49injured.Mikeaskedhimtositinacornerandtookthebikeandrushedtoahospitalnearby.

Anambulance(救援車)cameandcarriedSamtohospital.HethenrushedtoSam’shomeand50hisparentsabouttheaccident.

SamandhisparentsthankedMikeforthe51help.Mikeinturnsaid,“Itwasall52justbecauseIrodeSam’sbike.”Headded,“ThebikeistoosmallforSamtorideandthat’swhyhewas53”MikemetSameverydayinhospitaluntilhe54.

SamgotanewbikeandhecametoknowthatMikedidn’thavethe55toownabike.HegavehisoldbiketoMikeandwithhisparents’permission,Mikeacceptedthegift.

【文章大意】本文是一篇記敘文,講解并描述了11歲的Mike在回家的路上看到同學騎自行車受傷之后賜予了慷慨的幫助并通知了同學的父母,Mike也因此得到了他想要的自行車。41.A.persuaded B.arrangedC.requested D.ordered【解析】選C。依據(jù)空后的“sothathecouldgotoschoolcycling”可知,Mike懇求他父親給他買一輛自行車。persuade勸服;arrange支配;request懇求;order吩咐。42.A.jumping B.drivingC.walking D.wandering【解析】選C。依據(jù)本空后的“orrelyingonhisfathertodrophimatschool,”可知,有了自行車,他就不用走路或者靠父親順路送他去學校了。jump跳;drive開車;wal