四川省四川大學附屬中學校2023-2024學年高三下學期期中考試英語試卷

川大附中高2023級高一下半期考試高一英語(時間:120分鐘分值:150分)注意1.答卷前,考生務必將自己的姓名、準考證號填寫在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時,選出每小題答案后,用鉛筆把答題卡上對應題目的答案標號涂黑。如需改動,用橡皮擦干凈后,再選涂其他答案標號?；卮鸱沁x擇題時,將答案寫在答題卡上。3.考試結(jié)束后,將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。說明:本試卷分第I卷(選擇題)和第II卷(非選擇題)兩部分。第Ⅰ卷(選擇題滿分95分)第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分,共7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項,并標在試卷的相應位置。聽完每段對話后,你有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whatwillthewomandowiththeman’sphone?A.Repairit.B.Upgradeit.C.Replaceit.2.WhatdoesJohnwantAmytodo?A.Takethepotoff.B.Switchtolowheat.C.Putthesoupintobowls.3.Whereisthewomanprobablyfrom?A.Britain.B.Peru.C.Mexico.4.Howhighdotheceilingstodayusuallymeasure?A.2.3meters.B.2.7meters.C.3.0meters.5.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Onafarm.B.Athome.C.Inasupermarket.第二節(jié)(共15小題:每小題1.5分,滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項,并標在試卷的相應位置。聽每段對話或獨白前,你將有時間閱讀各個小題,每小題5秒鐘;聽完后,各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽下面一段對話,回答67題。6.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Anexhibition.B.Aglassbox.C.Avase.7.Howdoesthemanfindthewoman?A.Knowledgeable.B.Considerate.C.Patient.聽下面一段對話,回答第8至第10題,8.Whatdoesthemanthinkofselfhelpbooks?A.They’reunappealing.B.They’repractical.C.They’reridiculous.9.Whatisthebookabout?A.Lifeinthecountry.B.Personalexperience.C.Anaturaldisaster.10.What’stherelationshipofthetwospeakers?A.Colleagues.B.Classmates.C.Opponents.聽下面一段對話,回答第11至第13題。11.Whatisthechangeofthecat?A.Shebeesinactive.B.Sheeatsmore.C.Shesleepsbadly.12.Whatisthewoman’ssuggestion?AObservingthecat’sbelly.B.Givingthecatsomemedicine.C.Stoppingfeedingthecattemporarily.13.Wheremightthemangofirst?A.Ahospital.B.Astore.C.Hishome.聽下面一段對話,回答第14至第17題。14.Whatistheman’sopiniononthecitylife?A.It’sconvenient.B.It’sboring.C.It’smessy.15.Whatwouldthewomanprefertodo?A.Chaseagoat.B.Seeaparkshow.C.Haveatruckride.16.Whatisthewildestthingonthesubwayforthewoman?A.Safebelts.B.Occasionalanimals.C.Irregularperformances.17.Whatwillthespeakersdoafterlunch?A.Paintafence.B.Ridethesubway.C.Singcountrymusic.聽下面一段獨白,回答第18至第20題。18.Whocantakethelessons?A.A3yearoldswimlover.B.A9yearolddisabledpupil.C.An18yearoldswimmer.19.WhatistaughtintheFoundationlessons?A.Skillsatwaterrescue.B.Knowledgeofwatersafety.C.Basicsofswimmingmovements.20.Whatistheprizeforthoseremendingfriends?A.Reductioninprice.B.Extralessons.C.Freeswimwear.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié),滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中,選出最佳選項。AWhistlerTravelGuideSnowcappedpeaksandpowderedsteeps;sparklinglakesandrushingwaterfalls;challenginghikingroutesandinvitingrestaurants—Whistler’sofferingssuiteveryseason.ThingstodoTheentiretowndisplaystheskichicatmosphere,hostingdozensofskiandsnowboardpetitionsandfestivalsannually.Inthewarmermonths,moreoutdoorenthusiastseouttoplay.Visitorscantryhikingorcyclingupthemountains.WhileWhistlerisanidealvacationspotfortheactivetypes,othertravelerscanenjoythelocalmuseumsandartgalleriesfilledwithinformativeexhibits.Plus,therearefamilyfriendlyactivitiesandattractionslikesummerconcerts,alongwithplentyofshoppingoptions.WhentovisitThebesttimestovisitWhistlerarefromJunethroughAugustandbetweenDecemberandMarch.HowtogetaroundThebestwaystogetaroundWhistlerareonfootorbybike.Or,youcantaketheshuttlebusesfromWhistlerVillage,whichtransportvisitorstoLostLakeParkandtheMarketplace.Meanwhile,havingacarwillallowyouthefreedomtoexploretopattractionslikeWhistlerTrainWreckandAlexanderFallswithouthavingtospendalotofcashonacab.Whatyouneedtoknow●Whistlerreceivesfeetofsnoweachyear.Ifyou’redrivinginwinter,slowdownandmakesuretorentorewithareliableSUV.●SnowslidesarelikelytooccuronBackcountryroutes,soonlyadvancedskiersshouldtaketothisoffthemaparea.●Whistler’swildernessishometomanyblackandgrizzlybears.Keepyourdistanceanddonotfeedthem.1.WhatareactivetravelersremendedtodoinWhistler?A.Bikeupthemountains. B.Hostskipetitions.C.Goshoppingatthemalls. D.Visitmuseumexhibitions.2.Whichofthefollowingisthemostpopularamongtravelers?A.WhistlerVillage. B.LostLakePark. C.TheMarketplace. D.WhistlerTrainWreck.3.WhataretravelersprohibitedfromdoinginWhistler?A.DrivingarentedSUV. B.Feedinggrizzlybears.C.Exploringthewilderness. D.SkiingonBackcountryroutes.【答案】1.A2.D3.B【解析】【導語】這是一篇應用文。文章是一篇惠斯勒旅游指南，介紹了旅游特色和注意事項等。【1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Visitorscantryhikingorcyclingupthemountains.(游客可以嘗試徒步旅行或騎自行車上山)”可知，惠斯勒推薦活躍的旅行者騎車上山。故選A?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Meanwhile,havingacarwillallowyouthefreedomtoexploretopattractionslikeWhistlerTrainWreckandAlexanderFallswithouthavingtospendalotofcashonacab.(同時，擁有一輛車可以讓你自由地探索像惠斯勒火車殘骸和亞歷山大瀑布這樣的頂級景點，而不必花很多錢打車)”可知，WhistlerTrainWreck最受游客歡迎。故選D?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一短“Whistler’swildernessishometomanyblackandgrizzlybears.Keepyourdistanceanddonotfeedthem.(惠斯勒的荒野是許多黑熊和灰熊的家園。保持距離，不要喂它們)”可知，旅客在惠斯勒禁止喂灰熊。故選B。BIusedtobelievethatonlywordscouldcatchtheessenceofthehumansoul.Theliteraryworkscontainedsuchdistinctstoriesthattheyshapedthewaywesawtheworld.Wordswerewhatposedthequestionswesoughttouncoverandtheanswerstothosequestionsthemselves.Wordswereeverything.Thatbeliefchanged.Inanordinarymathclass,myteacherposedasimplequestion:What’s0.99roundedtothenearestwholenumber?Easy.Whenroundedtothenearestwholenumber,0.99=1.Somehow,Ithoughteventhough0.99isonly0.01awayfrom1,there’sstilla0.01difference.Thatmeanseveniftwothingsareonlyalittledifferent,theyarestilldifferent,sodoesn’tthatmakethempletelydifferent?Myteacheransweredmyquestionbypresentinganotherequation(等式):1=0.9,whichcouldalsobeexpressedas1=0.99999....repeatingitselfwithouteverending.Therewassomethingmysteriousbutfascinatingabouttheequation.Theleftsidewasunchangeable,objective:itcontainedanumberthatended.Ontherightwassomethingendless,numberrepeatingitselflimitlesstimes.Yet,somehow,thesetwoopposedthingswereconnectedbyanequalsign.Lyinginbed,Ithoughtabouthowmuchtheequationparalleledourexistence.Theleftsideoftheequationrepresentsthatsometimeslifeitselfissounchangeableandsoclear.Theconcrete,wholenumberofthedaywhenyouwerebornandthedaywhenyouwoulddie.Butthenthereisthatgapinbetweenlifeanddeath.Therightsidemeansatimeandspacefulloflimitlesspossibilities,andendlessopportunitiesintotheopenfuture.Sothat’swhatlifeis.Objectivebutimaginative.Unchangeablebutlimitless.Lifeisanequationwithtwosidesthatbalancesitsefout.Still,wecan’tevertrulyseemtoputtheperfectwordstoit.Sopossiblynumberscanexpressideasaseuallywellaswordscan.Fornow,let’sleaveitatthat:1=0.99999...andlivealifelikeit.4.Whatdoestheauthoremphasizeaboutwordsinparagraph1?A.Theirwidevariety. B.Theirliteraryorigins.C.Theirdistinctsounds. D.Theirexpressivepower.5.Whatmadetheauthorfindtheequationfascinating?A.Therepetitionofanumber. B.Thewaytwodifferentnumbersareequal.C.Thequestiontheteacherraised. D.Thedifferencebetweenthetwonumbers.6.Whichofthefllowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“paralleled”inparagraph6?A.Measured. B.posed. C.Mirrored. D.Influenced.7.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.ThePerfectEquation B.NumbersBuildEquationsC.AnAttractiveQuestion D.WordsOutperformNumbers【答案】4.D5.B6.C7.A【解析】【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講的是作者在數(shù)學課上學了一個等式后的一些感悟?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Iusedtobelievethatonlywordscouldcatchtheessenceofthehumansoul.Theliteraryworkscontainedsuchdistinctstoriesthattheyshapedthewaywesawtheworld.Wordswerewhatposedthequestionswesoughttouncoverandtheanswerstothosequestionsthemselves.(我曾經(jīng)相信，只有語言才能捕捉到人類靈魂的本質(zhì)。文學作品包含了如此獨特的故事，它們塑造了我們看待世界的方式。文字構(gòu)成了我們試圖揭示的問題，以及這些問題本身的答案)”可推知，在第一段作者主要強調(diào)了語言的表達力量，故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Therewassomethingmysteriousbutfascinatingabouttheequation.Theleftsidewasunchangeable,objective:itcontainedanumberthatended.Ontherightwassomethingendless,numberrepeatingitselflimitlesstimes.Yet,somehow,thesetwoopposedthingswereconnectedbyanequalsign.(這個方程式神秘而迷人。左邊是不變的、客觀的：里面有一個沒有盡頭的數(shù)字。右邊是無窮無盡的東西，數(shù)字無限重復。然而，不知怎么的，這兩個相反的東西被一個等號連接起來了)”可知，作者覺得這個等式很迷人，因為數(shù)字雖然不同，但是卻被等號連接起來了。由此推知，讓作者覺得這個等式迷人的是兩個不同的數(shù)相等的方式。故選B?！?題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞下文“Theleftsideoftheequationrepresentsthatsometimeslifeitselfissounchangeableandsoclear.Theconcrete,wholenumberofthedaywhenyouwerebornandthedaywhenyouwoulddie.Butthenthereisthatgapinbetweenlifeanddeath.(等式的左邊表示有時候生命本身是如此的不可改變，如此的清晰。你出生的日期和你死亡的日期的具體整數(shù)。但是生與死之間有一段距離)”可知，作者躺在床上思考的是這個等式與我們的存在是多么相似，劃線詞paralleled的意思是“與……十分相似”，和mirrored意思相近，故選C?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第四段“Myteacheransweredmyquestionbypresentinganotherequation(等式):1=0.9,whichcouldalsobeexpressedas1=0.99999....repeatingitselfwithouteverending.(我的老師給出了另一個等式：1=0.9，也可以表示為1=0.99999……不斷重復，沒有盡頭)”和第五段“Therewassomethingmysteriousbutfascinatingabouttheequation.Theleftsidewasunchangeable,objective:itcontainedanumberthatended.Ontherightwassomethingendless,numberrepeatingitselflimitlesstimes.Yet,somehow,thesetwoopposedthingswereconnectedbyanequalsign.(這個等式神秘而迷人。左邊是不變的、客觀的：里面有一個沒有盡頭的數(shù)字。右邊是無窮無盡的東西，數(shù)字無限重復。然而，不知怎么的，這兩個相反的東西被一個等號連接起來了)”可知，本文主要講的是作者在數(shù)學課上學了一個等式后的一些感悟。由此可知，最恰當?shù)臉祟}是A選項“ThePerfectEquation(完美的等式)”。故選A。C“Whydoesgrandpahaveearhair?”Justafewyearsagomychildwassocurioustoknow“why”and“how”thatwehadtocutoffherquestionsfiveminutesbeforebedtime.Nowasoontobefourthgrader,shesaysthatshedislikesschoolbecause“it’snotfiuntolearm.”Iamshocked.Asascientistandparent,IhavedoneeverythingIcantopromotealoveoflearninginmychildren.WheredidIgowrong?Mychild’sexperienceisnotunique.DevelopmentalpsychologistSusanEngelnotesthatcuriositydefinedas“spontaneous(自發(fā)的)”investigationandeagernessfornewinformationdropsdramaticallyinchildrenbythefourthgrade.InWonder:ChildhoodandtheLifelongLoveofScience,YalepsychologistFrankC.Keildetailsthedevelopmentofwonder—aspontaneouspassiontoexplore,discover,andunderstand.Hetakesusonajourneyfromitsearlydevelopment,whenwonderdrivesmonsenseandscientificreasoning,throughthedropoffinwonderthatoftenoccurs,tothetrapoflifeinasocietythatdevalueswonder.AsKeilnotes,childrenareparticularlyrichinwonderwhiletheyarerapidlydevelopingcausalmechanisms(因果機制)inthepreschoolandearlyelementaryschoolyears.Theyaresensitivetotheothers’knowledgeandgoals,andtheyexpertlyusetheirdesireforquestioning.Children’squestions,particularlythoseabout“why”and“how”supportthedevelopmentofcausalmechanismswhichcanbeusedtohelptheirdaytodayreasoning.Unfortunately,asKeilnotes,“adultsgreatlyunderestimateyoungchildren’scausalmechanisms.”Inthebook,Wonder,Keilshowsthatwecansupportchildren’songoingwonderbyplayinggameswiththemaspartners,encouragingquestionasking,andfocusingontheirabilitiestoreasonandconclude.Adeclineinwonderisnotunavoidable.Keilremindsusthatwecanacceptwonderasadesirablepositivequalitythatexistsineveryone.Ivaluewonderdeeply,andWonderhasgivenmehopebyproposingafutureformychildrenthatwillremainwonderfull.8.Whatisamonproblemamongfourthgraders?A.Theyupsettheirparentstoooften. B.Theyasktoomanystrangequestions.C.Theirloveforfundisappearsquickly. D.Theirdesiretolearndeclinessharply.9.Whatcanbeinferredaboutchildren’scausalmechanismsinparagraph4?A.Theycontrolchildren’ssensitivity. B.Theyslightlychangeinearlychildhood.C.Theyhardlysupportchildren’sreasoning. D.Theydevelopthroughchildren’squestioning.10.Howcanparentssupportchildren’songoingwonderaccordingtoKeil?A.Bymonitoringtheirgames. B.Bywelinginquiringminds.C.Byestimatingtheirabilities. D.Byprovidingreasonableconclusions.11.Whatisthetext?A.Abookreview. B.Anewsreport. C.Aresearchpaper. D.Achildren’sstory.【答案】8.D9.D10.B11.A【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹的是Wonder這本書的主要內(nèi)容，這本書主要分析的是為什么孩子們對外界事物的好奇會在四年級時急劇減少。【8題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“DevelopmentalpsychologistSusanEngelnotesthatcuriositydefinedas“spontaneous(自發(fā)的)”investigationandeagernessfornewinformationdropsdramaticallyinchildrenbythefourthgrade.(發(fā)展心理學家SusanEngel指出，到四年級時，被定義為“自發(fā)”調(diào)查的好奇心和對新信息的渴望會急劇下降。)”可知，四年級學生的常見問題是他們的學習欲望急劇下降。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Children’squestions,particularlythoseabout“why”and“how”supportthedevelopmentofcausalmechanismswhichcanbeusedtohelptheirdaytodayreasoning.(孩子們問題，特別是那些關(guān)于“為什么”和“如何”的問題，支持因果機制的發(fā)展，可以用來幫助他們的日常推理。)”可知，從第4段可以推斷出兒童的因果機制是通過孩子們的提問發(fā)展起來的。故選D?！?0題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Inthebook,Wonder,Keilshowsthatwecansupportchildren’songoingwonderbyplayinggameswiththemaspartners,encouragingquestionasking,andfocusingontheirabilitiestoreasonandconclude.(在Wonder這本書中，Keil告訴我們，我們可以通過和孩子們一起玩游戲，鼓勵他們提問，關(guān)注他們推理和總結(jié)的能力，來支持孩子們持續(xù)的驚奇。)”可知，根據(jù)Keil的說法，父母可以通過歡迎孩子們問問題來支持孩子們不斷的驚奇，故選B。【11題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是倒數(shù)第二段“Inthebook,Wonder,Keilshowsthatwecansupportchildren’songoingwonderbyplayinggameswiththemaspartners,encouragingquestionasking,andfocusingontheirabilitiestoreasonandconclude.(在Wonder這本書中，Keil告訴我們，我們可以通過和孩子們一起玩游戲，鼓勵他們提問，關(guān)注他們推理和總結(jié)的能力，來支持孩子們持續(xù)的驚奇。)”可知，本文主要介紹的是Wonder這本書的主要內(nèi)容，因此這本書是書評，故選A。DEachyear,theworldlosesabout10millionhectaresofforest—atareaaboutthesizeofIceland—becauseofcuttingdowntrees.Atthatrate,somescientistspredicttheworld’sforestscoulddisappearin100to200years.Tohandleit,nowresearchersatMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)havepioneeredatechniquetogeneratewoodlikeplantmaterialssinalab.Thismakesitpossibleto“grow”awoodenproductwithoutcuttingdowntrees.Inthelab,theresearchersfirsttakecellsfromtheleavesofayoungplant.Thesecellsareculturedinliquidmediumfortwodays,thenmovedtoanothermediumwhichcontainsnutrientsandtwodifferenthormones(激素).Byadjustingthebormonelevels,theresearcherscantunethephysicalandmechanicalqualitiesofthecells:Newtheresearchersusea3Dprintertoshapethecellbasedmaterial,andlettheshapedmaterialgrowinthedarkforthreemonths.Finally,theresearchersdehydrate(使脫水)thematerial,andthenevaluateitsqualities.Theyfoundthatlowerbormonelevelsleadtoplantmaterialswithmorerounded,opencellsoflowerdensity(密度),whilehigherhormonelevelscontributetothegrowthofplantmaterialswithsmallerbutdensercellstructures.Lowerorhigherdensityofcellstructuresmakestheplantmaterialssofterormorerigid,helpingthematerialsgrowwithdifferentwoodlikecharacteristics.What’smore,it’stobenotedthattheresearchprocessisabout100timesfasterthanthetimeittakesforatreetogrowtomaturity!Researchofthiskindisgroundbreaking.“Thisworkdemonstratesthegreatpowerofatechnology,”saysleadresearcher,JeffreyBerenstab.“Therealopportunityhereistobeatitsbestwithwhatyouuseandhowyouuseit.Thistechnologycanbetunedtomeettherequirementsyougiveaboutshapes,sizes,rigidity,andforms.Itenablesustogrow’anywoodenproductinawaythattraditionalagriculturalmethodscan’tachieve.”12.WhydoresearchersatMITperformtheresearch?A.Togrowmoretrees. B.Toreducetreelosses.C.Toprotectplantdiversity. D.Topredictforestdisappearance.13.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytellusaboutthelabresearch?A.Itsscientificorigins. B.ItstheoreticalbasisC.Itsusualdifficulties. D.Itsmainprocesses14.Whatdoesthefindingsuggestabouttheplantmaterials?A.Theyarebetterthannaturallygrownplants.B.Theirgrowthspeeddeterminestheircharacteristics.C.Thehormonelevelsaffecttheirrigidity.D.Theircells’shapesmainlyrelyontheirdensity.15.WhyistheresearchpathbreakingaccordingtoBerenstain?A.Itusesnewbiologicalmaterialsinlabexperiments.B.Ithasasignificantimpactonworldwideplantgrowth.C.Itrevolutionizesthewaytomakewoodenproducts.D.Itchallengestraditionalscientifictheoriesinforestry.【答案】12.B13.D14.C15.C【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了為了避免砍伐樹木，麻省理工學院的研究人員開創(chuàng)了一種技術(shù)，在實驗室里生產(chǎn)類似木材的植物材料。解釋了其實驗過程以及其積極意義?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Eachyear,theworldlosesabout10millionhectaresofforest—atareaaboutthesizeofIceland—becauseofcuttingdowntrees.Atthatrate,somescientistspredicttheworld’sforestscoulddisappearin100to200years.Tohandleit,nowresearchersatMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)havepioneeredatechniquetogeneratewoodlikeplantmaterialssinalab.(由于砍伐樹木，世界每年損失約1000萬公頃的森林——面積約為冰島的大小。一些科學家預測，按照這個速度，世界上的森林可能會在100到200年內(nèi)消失。為了解決這個問題，麻省理工學院的研究人員開創(chuàng)了一種技術(shù)，在實驗室里制造出類似木材的植物材料。)”可知，麻省理工學院的研究人員進行這項研究是為了減少樹木損失。故選B。【13題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Inthelab,theresearchersfirsttakecellsfromtheleavesofayoungplant.Thesecellsareculturedinliquidmediumfortwodays,thenmovedtoanothermediumwhichcontainsnutrientsandtwodifferenthormones(激素).Byadjustingthebormonelevels,theresearcherscantunethephysicalandmechanicalqualitiesofthecells:Newtheresearchersusea3Dprintertoshapethecellbasedmaterial,andlettheshapedmaterialgrowinthedarkforthreemonths.Finally,theresearchersdehydrate(使脫水)thematerial,andthenevaluateitsqualities.(在實驗室里，研究人員首先從幼小植物的葉子上提取細胞。這些細胞在液體培養(yǎng)基中培養(yǎng)兩天，然后轉(zhuǎn)移到另一種含有營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)和兩種不同激素的培養(yǎng)基中。通過調(diào)節(jié)激素水平，研究人員可以調(diào)整細胞的物理和機械質(zhì)量:新的研究人員使用3D打印機來塑造細胞材料，并讓成型的材料在黑暗中生長三個月。最后，研究人員將材料脫水，然后評估其質(zhì)量。)”可知，第二段主要告訴我們關(guān)于實驗室研究的主要過程。故選D?！?4題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Theyfoundthatlowerbormonelevelsleadtoplantmaterialswithmorerounded,opencellsoflowerdensity(密度),whilehigherhormonelevelscontributetothegrowthofplantmaterialswithsmallerbutdensercellstructures.Lowerorhigherdensityofcellstructuresmakestheplantmaterialssofterormorerigid,helpingthematerialsgrowwithdifferentwoodlikecharacteristics.(他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，較低的激素水平會導致植物材料的細胞更圓、更開放，密度更低，而較高的激素水平會導致植物材料的細胞結(jié)構(gòu)更小，但密度更大。細胞結(jié)構(gòu)的密度或高或低，使植物材料更柔軟或更堅硬，幫助材料生長出不同的類木特性。)”可知，激素水平影響植物材料的硬度。故選C。【15題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Thistechnologycanbetunedtomeettherequirementsyougiveaboutshapes,sizes,rigidity,andforms.Itenablesustogrow’anywoodenproductinawaythattraditionalagriculturalmethodscan’tachieve.(該技術(shù)可以調(diào)整以滿足您對形狀、大小、剛性和形式的要求。它使我們能夠以傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)方法無法實現(xiàn)的方式種植任何木制品。)”可知，Berenstain認為這項研究具有開創(chuàng)性是因為它革新了制作木制品的方法。故選C。第二節(jié)(共5小題:每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。TheUpsidetoBeingOutsideResearchshowsthatbeinginnaturemakespeoplefeelgood,whetherthey’reroughingitinthewildernessfordaysorjusthangingoutatalocalparkforawhile.OnestudywasconductedinthecityofBirmingham,Alabama.Researchersfoundthatmostparticipants’moodandwellbeingimprovedsignificantlywhentheyspenttimeinurbanparks,eventhoughtheaveragevisitwasonlyaroundhalfanhour.____16____Forexample,scientistsintheUnitedKingdomstudiedtheimpactofthe“30DaysWild”campaign.Itchallengedpeopletointeractwithnaturefor30daysbyenjoyingearthyactivitieslikefeedingbirdsandplantingflowers.Participantsweremeasurablyhappierandhealthierthroughoutthechallenge…andformonthsafterwards,too.____17____Howdoesnatureboostpeople’shappiness?Scientistssaythatspendingtimeinnaturalsettingsreducesstressandanxiety,whichbenefitsmentalandphysicalhealth.Researchshowsourbrainsaremorerelaxedinnaturalsettings.Tomostpeople,it’snotnewsthatnaturecanbecalming.Butmultiplestudieshavefoundthatspendingtimeinnaturealsohassomemoresurprisingbenefits,likeimprovingcreativityandproblemsolving._____18_____Anotherfoundthatexposuretonaturehelpedpeoplescorebetterontests.That’smoreproofthatgoingoutsideisasmartmove!Whataccountsfortheconnectionwithcognitionandcreativity?Itcouldbethatagooddoseofnatureactsasacuretoinformationoverload.Everydaylifeinvolvesalotofmultitasking.Somescientiststheorizethatspendingtimeinnatureenablesourbrainstorestandrecoverfrommentaltiredness.____19____Naturally,scientificstudiesdon’tcovereverythingthat’sgreataboutthegreatoutdoors._____20_____Fromrecreationandexercisetohappinessandcreativity,therearelotsofupsidestogettingoutside.A.Onestudyrevealedthatpeoplewerebetteratfiguringoutpuzzlesafterafourdaycampingtrip.B.Accordingtomanyscientificstudiesthere’sagoodchanceit’llmakeyouhappier,healthier,andmorecreative.C.What’smore,theliftpeoplegetfromnatureislonglasting.D.Lotsofpeopleenjoyfunactivitiesoutside,likeswimming,ridingbikes,orclimbingtrees.E.Whentheonlylightyou’veseenalldayistheglowofascreen,itmightbeagoodideatoswitchitoff.F.Thismeansthatwhetheryou’restudyingorplayingvideogames,headingoutsidetogiveyourbrainabreakmighthelpyougettothenextlevel.G.So,kickingbackinaparkisabitliketreatingyourmindtoarestfulminivacation.【答案】16.C17.G18.A19.F20.D【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹的是戶外活動的好處?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)空后的Forexample可知，空后內(nèi)容是對該空的舉例說明，所以該空為本段的主題句，根據(jù)空處所在段落的尾句“Participantsweremeasurablyhappierandhealthierthroughoutthechallenge…andformonthsafterwards,too.(在整個挑戰(zhàn)過程中，參與者都更快樂、更健康……之后的幾個月也是如此。)”可知，該段講述的是在戶外活動給參與者帶來的快樂會持續(xù)很久，C選項“What’smore,theliftpeoplegetfromnatureislonglasting.(更重要的是，人們從大自然中獲得的提升是持久的。)”表述的內(nèi)容與舉例說明中的內(nèi)容一致，符合語境。故選C項?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)空前“Forexample,scientistsintheUnitedKingdomstudiedtheimpactofthe“30DaysWild”campaign.Itchallengedpeopletointeractwithnaturefor30daysbyenjoyingearthyactivitieslikefeedingbirdsandplantingflowers.Participantsweremeasurablyhappierandhealthierthroughoutthechallenge…andformonthsafterwards,too.(例如，英國科學家研究了“野外30天”運動的影響。它要求人們在30天內(nèi)與大自然互動，享受像喂鳥和種花這樣的樸實活動。參與者在整個挑戰(zhàn)過程中以及之后的幾個月里都明顯更快樂、更健康。在整個挑戰(zhàn)過程中，參與者都更快樂、更健康……之后的幾個月也是如此。)”可知，該段講述的是在戶外活動給參與者帶來快樂，G選項“So,kickingbackinaparkisabitliketreatingyourmindtoarestfulminivacation.(所以，在公園里放松一下有點像給你的大腦放個小長假。)”，是對前面的總結(jié)，符合語境。故選G項?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)空前“Butmultiplestudieshavefoundthatspendingtimeinnaturealsohassomemoresurprisingbenefits,likeimprovingcreativityandproblemsolving.(但多項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，花時間在大自然中也有一些更令人驚訝的好處，比如提高創(chuàng)造力和解決問題的能力。)”中的multiplestudies以及空后句子“Anotherfoundthatexposuretonaturehelpedpeoplescorebetterontests.(另一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，接觸大自然有助于人們在考試中取得更好的成績。)”中的another可知，該空格應該是關(guān)于在戶外好處的相關(guān)研究，A選項“Onestudyrevealedthatpeoplewerebetteratfiguringoutpuzzlesafterafourdaycampingtrip.(一項研究表明，人們在為期四天的露營旅行后更善于找出謎題。)”講述的為一項關(guān)于戶外好處的研究，符合語境。故選A項?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)空格處于尾句可知，該空應為本段的總結(jié)，根據(jù)空前“Somescientiststheorizethatspendingtimeinnatureenablesourbrainstorestandrecoverfrommentaltiredness.(一些科學家認為，花時間在大自然中可以讓我們的大腦休息并從精神疲勞中恢復過來。)”可知，戶外會讓大腦得到休息，從精神疲勞中恢復過來，F(xiàn)選項“Thismeansthatwhetheryou’restudyingorplayingvideogames,headingoutsidetogiveyourbrainabreakmighthelpyougettothenextlevel.(這意味著無論你是在學習還是玩電子游戲，到外面去讓你的大腦休息一下可能會幫助你達到一個新的水平。)”中的thismeans是對空前內(nèi)容的解釋，結(jié)合句意可知，F(xiàn)選項內(nèi)容與空前內(nèi)容吻合。故選F項?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)空后“Fromrecreationandexercisetohappinessandcreativity,therearelotsofupsidestogettingoutside.(從娛樂和鍛煉到快樂和創(chuàng)造力，戶外活動有很多好處。)”的recreation(娛樂)相關(guān)的戶外活動為全文首次出現(xiàn)可以推斷，此空處應提到相關(guān)內(nèi)容，D選項“Lotsofpeopleenjoyfunactivitiesoutside,likeswimming,ridingbikes,orclimbingtrees.(很多人在外面享受有趣的活動，如游泳、騎自行車或爬樹。)”中的funactivities以及其后的舉例內(nèi)容與空后內(nèi)容一致。故選D項。第三部分語言運用(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)第一節(jié)完形填空(共15小題;每小題1分,滿分15分)閱讀下面短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Althoughitisdifficulttomakedirectyeartoyearparisonsbecauseofincreaseinviewingondigitaldevices,thetrendoverthepastdecadeisclearinnumerousstudies,includingtheNielsenratings.TheaverageageofthosewhowatchnationallytelevisedMajorLeagueBaseballgameshasbeen___21___theseyears.Askedinasurveywhetherthey___22___baseball,nearlytwothirdsofthoseages18to36saidno.MichaelHaupert,aprofessorofeconomicsattheUniversityofWisconsinlaCrossewhostudiesbaseballasabusiness,explainswhymanyyoungpeoplemightbe___23___bywhattoanolderandmoreknowledgeablefanisoneofthemostexcitingexperiencesinsports:anohitter.”Failureismore___24___thansuccess,”hesays.”Ifmystudentsgetathirdoftheanswersrightontheirtest,theyfail.However,ifaballplayergetsahitathirdofthetime,he’softenoneofthe___25___.”ButwatchanNBAgamefor15seconds,andyouwilllikelyseeoneteamscore.Itisnotsurprisingthat___26___thelengthofgamesaboutthreehoursinrecentyearsandincreasingthepaceofactionhasbeeasubjectofdiscussionamongthosewholovebaseball.MLBmissionerRobManfredisstrongly___27___ofboth.Forthe2018season,theleagueissuedasetofnewrulesdesignedtodojustthat.Moundvisitsarelimited.Atimercountdownisdesignedtoshortenthebreakbetweeninnings(局).Nooneknowsifanyofthesechangeswillsignificantlyshortengames.AccordingtoMLB,theaveragelengthofanineinningoutingthisseasonhasbeenthreehoursaboutfiveminutesshorterthanthe2017average,itselfthelongestmeanonrecord.Allofthoseproposedchangesseemto___28___thepoint.Iinterviewedatleast100semifansintheirlateteensandearly20sformyrecentbook.Allconsideredthemselvesfanstosomedegree,thoughthey___29___watchedmorethansnatches—oniPadsorsmartphones.Theytoldmeitmadenodifferencewhetheragamelastedtwoorthreehours:theywouldnotpayattentionfor___30___amountoftime.ThehistoricMay14SupremeCourtdecisionallowingallstatestolegalizesportsbettingcouldhaveanimpactonallthis.Morepeoplewillsoonbeabletogambleonsportswhilewatchingagameontheircouch.Butwhethe