名師原創(chuàng)：Unitt1-單元考點精講（二）

PAGEPAGE15名師原創(chuàng)：Unitt1單元考點精講（二）●詞匯精講1.challengen.挑戰(zhàn)；v.向--挑戰(zhàn);對..質(zhì)疑【原句再現(xiàn)】Challengeslikethismightsometimesputyouunderpressure.【詞塊積累】challengingadj.有挑戰(zhàn)性的respondto/facethechallenge回應/面對挑戰(zhàn)accept/takeupthechallenge接受挑戰(zhàn)challengeaview質(zhì)疑某個觀點【精品例句】Lifeisfilledwithchallenges.生活充滿挑戰(zhàn)Ichallengedhimtoagameofchess.我要他跟我下一盤棋Thejobdoesn’treallychallengeher這項工作對她并不難"Challengeyourself--gohikingintheGobiDesert!'挑戰(zhàn)自己!到戈壁沙漠徒步旅行去!【考點訓練】翻譯下列句子政府將不得不面對失業(yè)率上升的挑戰(zhàn)(Thegovernmentwillhavetomeettothechallengeofrisingunemployment.)他們向他發(fā)出挑戰(zhàn)，說他不可能在一小時內(nèi)洗40輛車(Theythrewdownthechallengethathecouldn'twash40carsinonehour)2.selectv.(經(jīng)過認真思考而)挑選;選擇;選拔【原句再現(xiàn)】Asamemberoftheschoolvolleyballteam,Iwasselectedtheend-of-yearcompetition.【詞塊積累】selection可選之人或物;選集selectiveadj.慎重選擇的;精挑細選的makeaselection作出選擇selectsb./sth.forsth.selectsb/sthtodosthselectsb/sthassthSelectionsFromCharlesDickens《狄更斯選集》辨析：select,choose,pick三者都有“選擇”之意。select指“精選”，是從同類的許多事物或人中仔細辨別后選出最合適的；choose泛指選擇，可不帶賓語；pick表示挑出一個或數(shù)個最佳者，通常所指的事項不很重大，是不太正式的用詞【精品例句】Pleaseselectafewnicestrawberriesforyoursister.請給你妹妹精心挑選一些好的草莓.Weofferawiderangeofholidaystochoosefrom.我們有各種旅游度假方式可供選擇。Shepickedapieceofcakeforherself.她為自己挑了一塊蛋糕【高考鏈接】He'stheonlystudentintheclassthathasbeenselectedtotakepartintheModelUnitedNationsconference.(湖北卷.語法填空)【考點訓練】翻譯下列句子他挑了一部手機自用(Heselectedamobilephoneforpersonaluse.)他希望入選國家隊(Hehadhopesofbeingselectedforthenationalteam.)李先生被評為年度最佳教師。(Mr.LiwasselectedastheBestTeacheroftheYear.)你可以從多種交通工具中進行選擇(Youcanchoosefromawiderangeofvehicles.)3.particularadj.(只用于名詞前)特定的;特別的;講究的;挑剔的【原句再現(xiàn)】Isthereanythingelseinparticularthatyou’dliketosharewithus?【詞塊積累】particularlyadv.特別，尤其inparticular尤其，特別aparticularcustomer挑剔的顧客beparticularabout/oversth./sb.對…過分挑剔/講究【精品例句】Heisalwaysparticularabouthisclothes.他總是對衣服過分講究Thegiantpandaeatsonlyoneparticulartypeofbamboo.大熊貓只吃一種竹子Ihavenothingparticulartodothisevening.今晚我沒有什么特別的事要做Wemustpayparticularattentiontothispoint.我們必須要特別注意這一點Thecoconutisparticulartothetropics.椰子是熱帶特有的【高考鏈接】Parentsandcoachesinparticularshouldactasbetterexamplesforchildren.(上海卷.語法填空)Shehasalreadytriedherbest.Pleasedon'tbetooparticular________herjob.(江西卷.完型)(about/over)【考點訓練】翻譯下列句子她很在意自己的外表(Sheisveryparticularabout/overherappearance.)這個周末你有什么特別的安排嗎?(Areyoudoinganythinginparticularthisweekend?)這本詞典對初學者特別有用(Thedictionaryisparticularlyusefulforbeginners.)4.confidentadj.有信心的，自信的【原句再現(xiàn)】WiththeEnglishteacher’ssupport,hethoughtseniorhighschoolwaseasyandfeltconfidentabouthisfuture.【詞塊積累】confidently.adv.自信地；confidence.n.信心beconfidentof/aboutsth./doingsthbeconfidentthat…信任have/loseconfidencetodosth.對做某事有/失去信心haveconfidenceinsb./sth.信任某人/某事物withconfidence自信地；肯定地【精品例句】Ifeelconfidentof/about/intheinterview.我對面試充滿信心Weareconfidentof/about/infinishingtheprojectaheadofschedule.我們對提前完成這項工程有信心Comparedwiththem,we’remoreconfidentofsuccess.與他們相比，我們對成功更有信心Weareconfidentthatnextyear’sprofitswillbehigher.我們有把握明年獲取更高利潤【高考鏈接】Thelittlegirlwalked____(confident)ontothestage,readyforherfirstspeech.(湖北卷.語法填空)(confidently)【考點訓練】在空白處填入適當?shù)慕樵~或用括號內(nèi)詞的適當形式填空Weshouldnotmindwhatotherssaysolongasweareconfident___whatwehavedone.(of/about/in)Therewasa____(confidence)smileonherfacethen.(confident)5.referto提到，談到；查閱，參考；指的是【原句再現(xiàn)】Refertotheinterviewforideas【詞塊積累】referencen.提及,涉及;參考;推薦信;推薦人in/withreferenceto關于;根據(jù).而論refer…to…把…委托給…【精品例句】Thescientistreferredtoglobalwarmingatleastthreetimesinhisspeech.那位科學家在演講中至少3次提到了全球氣候變暖。Mycolleaguesaidthatasthesituationwasunusualhewouldreferthemattertohiseditor.我同事說由于情況非同尋常,他會把這個問題交給他的編輯處理。Inreferencetoyourquestionaboutcost,theticketsforthefilmare50yuaneach.關于你詢問的價格，那部電影的票價是每張50元?！靖呖兼溄印縒hilegivingtheEnglishspeech,oneisnotallowedtorefertothenotes.(天津卷.閱讀篇)Thepresidentspokeatthebusinessmeetingfornearlyanhourwithout______hisnotes.(山東卷.完型)A.bringingupB.referringtoC.lookingforD.tryingon(B)You'dbetterwritedownthephonenumberofthatrestaurantforfuture(江西卷.完型)A.purposeB.referenceC.progressD.memory(B)Hereisamemoforyourreferencewhenyouanswerthephones.(福建卷.閱讀篇)Theword“business”alsoreferstoanorganizationthatprovidesgoodsandservices.(全國卷.閱讀篇)【考點訓練】翻譯下列句子查一下詞典看看拼寫是否正確(Pleaserefertoadictionarytocheckthespelling.)千萬別提起他的病(Avoidmakinganyreferencetohisillness.)6.give…ahand幫助某人，向某人伸出援助之手【原句再現(xiàn)】So,giveyourfriendsahandwhentheyneedit.【精品例句】Weallshouldgivethedisabledahandwhenevertheyneedus.每當殘疾人需要我們的時候，我們都應該伸出援助之手Givingothersahandmeanshelpingoneself.幫助別人就意味著幫助自己25.raten.速度;比率:價格;費用;v.|不用于進行時]對…評估;對…評價;給劃分等級【原句再現(xiàn)】Aftercompletingthisunit,Icanratemyperformanceinsomeways.【詞塊積累】ahighrateofunemployment高失業(yè)率besoldatahighrate以高價出售atanyrate無論如何(anyway)atthis/thatrate這樣/那樣的話:【精品例句】Ourmoneywasrunningoutatanalarmingrate.我們的錢正在以驚人的速度消耗殆盡Theuniversityishighlyratedforitsresearch.這所大學因其研究工作而受到高度評價。Theshowwasratedasagreatsuccessbycritics.評論家認為這場演出是一次巨大的成功?！靖呖兼溄印縒henstudentsratesubjectsaccordingtotheirimportance,theartsareunavoidablyatthebottomofthelist.(北京卷.完型)Thecarisrunningata_______ofeightykilometersanhour.(陜西卷.閱讀篇)(rate/speed)【考點訓練】在空白處填入適當介詞_______anyrate,themedicalsupplieswillreachyouwithinaweek.(At)Ifyougoon_______thatrate,youwilldamageyourhealth.(at)7.forwardadj.前面的，前部的，向前的；adv.向前，提前地【原句再現(xiàn)】I’mlookingforwardtoit【詞塊積累】lookforwardtosth./doingsth.希望/期待某事/做某事【精品例句】Lookingforwardtothefuture,wehopetoexpandouroverseasbranches.展望未來，我們希望擴展海外的分支機構(gòu)Theylookforwardtohearingfromyousoon.他們期待不久收到你的來信【高考鏈接】Welookforwardto___(see)youagain.(全國卷.語法填空)(seeing)【考點訓練】在空白處填入適當內(nèi)容（一個單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Helookedforward___returningtohishomeland.Thesechildrenarelookingforwardto____(visit)theSummerPalace.(visiting)8.argue爭論v，爭辯【原句再現(xiàn)】Argueabouttheweek’shottesttopicswiththeschool’ssharpestminds!【詞塊積累】argumentn.爭論，辯論；論證；論據(jù);理由;論點arguewithsb.about/over…=haveanargumentwithsb.about/over…就某事與某人爭論/辯論/爭吵withoutargument無可爭辯arguesb.into/outofdoingsth.說服某人做/不做某事arguefor/againststh./doingsth.為支持（贊成）/反對….而爭論itisbeyondargumentthat..是無可爭辯的【精品例句】Dotheyoftenarguewitheachotheraboutthetimeandplaceofameeting?他們經(jīng)常為會議的時間和地點相互爭吵嗎？Shearguedfor/againstcuttingthebudget.她據(jù)理主張/反對削減預算Settlethequestionbyargument,notbyfighting.解決這個問題要靠說理，而不是靠打架【高考鏈接】Ithasbeenarguedbysomethatgiftedchildrenshouldbegroupedinspecialclasses.有些人論證說有天賦的孩子應該被分在專門的班級里(廣東卷.閱讀篇)【考點訓練】在空白處填入適當內(nèi)容（一個單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式Myparentswere_____ahugeargument,andIwasreallyupsetaboutit.(in)Weallfoundhis________(argue)convincingandinteresting.(argument)9.debaten/v討論；辯論;與…辯論；反復考慮;斟酌【原句再現(xiàn)】JointheDebateClub!【詞塊積累】open/closeadebatedebate(sth)withsbopen/closeadebate開始/終止辯論underdebate在討論/辯論中debate+wh-從句/wh-todo【精品例句】Theydebatethequestionopenly.他們公開辯論這個問題Wedebatedforanhourontheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofhisplan.我們花了一個小時討論他的計劃的利與弊Wemustdebatethequestionwiththerestofthemembers.我們必須和其他成員討論這個問題Scientistsaredebatingwhetherit’simportanttoinventthiskindofrobot..科學家們正在討論發(fā)明這種機器人是否重要Thereisafiercedebateoverthequestionwhethertheexperimentshouldbeallowed.在是否進行這個實驗的問題上展開了激烈的爭論。【高考鏈接】ThisChristmasIwasdebatingwhattogivemyfather.(湖南卷.完型)【考點訓練】在空白處填入適當內(nèi)容（一個單詞）Scientistsdebatewiththeofficials____howtorebuildthedestroyedbridge.(about/over/on)10.exchange.n.交換，交流；兌換；外匯；交易所.v.交換；交流；兌換【原句再現(xiàn)】Aftercompletingthisunit,Icanexchangeideas(withothers).【詞塊積累】anexchangestudent交換生foreignexchange外匯anexchangerate匯率NewYorkStockExchange紐約證券交易所inexchangefor…作為交換（和…交換）exchange…for…以…換…exchange…with…與/和…交換【精品例句】Wemustpromoteanexchangeofideasandinformation.我們必須促進思想和信息的交流。Wouldyoulikethisoldwatchinexchangeforyourcamera?你愿意用這塊舊手表換你的相機嗎？Beforegraduation,weexchangegiftswitheachother.畢業(yè)前夕，我們互贈禮物Wecanexchangeourcurrencyfordollarshere我們可以在這把錢兌換成美元【高考鏈接】Itisillegalforapublicofficialtoaskpeopleforgiftsormoneyinexchange____favorstothem.（湖北考卷.完型）A.withB.toC.forD.in(C)【考點訓練】在空白處填入適當?shù)慕樵~IamteachingaforeignerChineseinexchange______herteachingmeEnglish.(for)WherecanIexchangemydollars_________pounds?(for)Weexchangeopinions________theexpertsonthismatter.(with)11.asif/though(其后的從句常用過去時表示擬語氣,但如果事情真有可能發(fā)生時也不用虛擬語氣)好像;似乎【原句再現(xiàn)】Ifeelasifhighschoolwasonlyyesterday.【精品例句】Irememberthewholethingasifithappenedyesterday.整個事情我都記得很清楚,就像發(fā)生在昨天一樣HespeaksEnglishperfectlyasifIthoughhehadlivedinEnglandformanyyears.他英語講得很好，好像他在英國生活了很多年似的Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.看樣子好像要下雨(可能真會下雨)【高考鏈接】ItwasJohnwhobrokethewindow.WhyareyoutalkingtomeasifI______(do)it?(重慶卷.語法填空)(haddone)【考點訓練】在空白處填入括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式HetalksaboutRomeasifhe_______(be)before.(hadbeen)Themanactsasifhe_____(be)afool.(was)Shelistenedattentivelyasifshe_____(turn)intoastone.(hadbeenturned)12.dependon/upon依靠，依賴；指望；由…決定;取決于..:【原句再現(xiàn)】Butitalldependsonwhatyoudo.【詞塊積累】dependent(=reliable)adj.依靠的，依賴的；由…決定的，反義詞是independent.dependencen.依靠，依賴；信任，信賴dependon/uponsb.doingsth.=dependon/uponsb.todosth.指望某人做某事It/That(all)depends.那的看情況/看情況而定dependon/uponit毫無疑問【精品例句】Wedependon/uponenergytodomanythingsinourdailylives.在日常生活中，我們做很多事都離不開能源Wedependon/uponhimfinishingthejobthisweekend.我們指望他這個周末能完成工作。Dependon/uponit,weshallsolvetheproblematlast請相信，我們最終會解決這個問題。Youcandependon/uponJane--shealwayskeepsherpromises.你可以信賴簡，她總是信守諾言Thefutureofspaceresearchdependsonhowmuchmoneywehave.太空研究的未來取決于我們的經(jīng)濟實力Successisdependentonyoureffortsandability.成功取決于你的努力和能力【高考鏈接】--Whatareyougoingtodothisweekend?--.__________.Iftimepermits,ImaygotoShanghaiwithmyfriends.(福建卷.單選)A.Don'tmentionitB.Itdoesn'tmatterC.ForgetitD.Itdepends(D)Thejourneytakesabouttwohours,________ontraffic.(上海卷.語法填空)(depending)Ifourparentsdoeverythingforuschildren,wewon’tlearntodependonourselves.(上海卷.完型)Don'talwaysdepend_____others.Youshouldlearntorelyonyourself.(on/upon)【考點訓練】在空白處填入括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式Heishismother's_____________(depend).(dependence)I'llneverbe___________(depend)onanyoneagain.(dependent)--Howlongareyoustaying?--Idon’tknow.Itall_________(dependence).(depends)13.makethemostof…充分利用…【原句再現(xiàn)】“Thatway,you’llmakethemostofyourtimeatseniorhigh.”【詞塊積累】聯(lián)想同意詞組：makethebest(use)of…makefull/gooduseof…takefulladvantageof…getthemostof…【精品例句】Ihopeyouwillallmakethemostofthischancetoshareinformationandopinions.我希望你們大家都充分利用這個機會分享信息，交流意見Weshouldmakegooduseofthesematerialstobuildasmallhouse.我們應該充分利用這些材料建一座小房子【高考鏈接】Ifyoutakefulladvantageofyourspeechclass,youwillbeabletodevelopyourskillsasacriticalthinker.(北京卷.完型)【考點訓練】翻譯下列句子這個女孩兒正在充分利用網(wǎng)絡掙錢(ThegirlismakingthemostoftheInternettoearnmoney.)我們應該充分利用閑暇時間提高我們的英語水平(WeshouldtakefulladvantageofsparetimetoimproveourEnglish.)14.putsb.underpressure給某人施加壓力【原句再現(xiàn)】Challengeslikethismightsometimesputyouunderpressure.【詞塊積累】pressn./v.按;壓;擠；出版社，印刷廠；催促,逼迫pressuren.壓力airpressurebloodpressureatmosphericpressurethepress報刊新聞業(yè);出版界thelocalpress當?shù)貓罂痶hefreedomofthepress新聞自由putpressureonsb.=putsb.underpressure.presson(不顧困難)繼續(xù)進行【精品例句】TangWanmarriedwiththeforeignerbecauseofthepressureofherparents.迫于父母壓力唐婉和那個外國人結(jié)婚了TheseGermansputpressureontheirgovernmentconstantlyfortheirrights.這些德國人為了他們的權利不斷向政府施加壓力Pressedbyhisfamily,thegirldecidedtoseizetheopportunity.在朋友和家人的催促下，我決定抓住機會Thenurseappliedpressuretohisarmtostopthebleeding.護士用力按住他的手臂來止血Shepresseddownhardonthegaspedalandthecarleaptforwards.她猛踩油門，車向前沖去。【高考鏈接】Iknowstudyingisveryimportant,butmyparentsputtoomuchpressureonme.(浙江卷.完型)Lifeistoughinthecity.Inordertolosetheir,somepeopledrinkalcohol.（全國卷.完型）A.temperB.moodC.consciousnessD.pressures(D)He_______________(按下)thebuttonandthedoorbellrang.(全國卷.完成句子)(pressed/pushed)【考點訓練】翻譯下列句子有些人在有壓力時工作表現(xiàn)會更好(Somepeopleworkbetterunderpressure.)(他按鈴叫秘書)Hepressedthebelltocallhissecretary.她把臉貼在窗上(Shepressedherfaceagainstthewindow.)15.keepanopenmind不抱成見，持謙虛態(tài)度，持開放心態(tài)【原句再現(xiàn)】Justkeepanopenmindandtakepartinasmuchaspossible【精品例句】Pleasekeepanopenmindandshareyoursuggestionswithothers.16.dealn.買賣，交易；協(xié)議v.買賣，經(jīng)營；談及；處理；對付；相處【詞塊積累】agreat/gooddeal許多，大量agreat/gooddealof…（后接不可數(shù)名詞）許多的…,大量的…agreat/gooddealofmoney/time/water…dealwith處理；應付；對付；相處；與…打交道/做生意；涉及/論及辨析:dealwith和dowith相同點：都有“”的意思，一般可以換用，例如：，Thisproblemisdifficulttodealwith.=Thisproblemisdifficulttodowith.Theoldmanisdifficulttodealwith.=Theoldmanisdifficulttodowith.不同點：dealwith還有“與…打交道/做生意”和“涉及/論及”之意，而dowith則另有“與…有關系”之意。dealwith通常與how連用，而dowith通常與what連用，例如：Thebosshasdealtwiththecomputercompanyformanyyears.Thesevillagershavebeendealingwiththepeopleallovertheworld.Theaccidentyesterdayhadsomethingtodowiththedriver’scarelessness.ThomasEdisonalwaysaskedsomequestionsthathadnothingtodowithhisstudy.Theydidn’thowtodealwiththeseolddesks.（此句中只能用dealwith）Whatareyougoingtodowiththisproblem?(詞句中只能用dowith)【原句再現(xiàn)】Howdidshedealwithnewchallenges?【精品例句】Althoughshehadnevermetthatexpert,sheknewagreatdealabouthim.盡管他從沒見見過那位專家，但對他很了解Ittakesagooddealofefforttodothejobwell.做好這件工作需要花大量的精力Thosescientistsdiscussedallthewaystodealwiththeproblem.那些科學家討論了處理這個問題的各種方法ThetwobooksdealwiththeancienthistoryofEgypt.這兩本書講述了埃及的古代歷史【高考鏈接】Inmanypeople’sopinion,thatcompany,thoughrelativelysmall,ispleasanttodealwith.(四川卷.完型)David’sbiggestheadacheiswhattodowithhismoney.(全國卷.完型)【考點訓練】在空白處填入適當?shù)囊蓡栐~Theydidn’tknow_____onearththeyshoulddealwiththepresentsituation.(how)_____aretheygoingtodowiththisfurniture?(What)17.headn.頭；最前面的部分；首腦，領導；頭腦，才智v.出發(fā)；動身；率領；位居…的首位:【原句再現(xiàn)】So,holdyourheadup,then.【詞塊積累】headache頭痛;令人頭痛的人/事Headline(報紙的)標題theheadline新聞提要theheadofapage頁眉headmaster(中小學)校長headteacher(中小學)班主任havegetaheadache頭疼holdone’sheadup振作起來，勇敢起來，堅強起來holdone’sheadhigh趾高氣揚，昂首headtheteam/list帶領團隊/名列榜首headfor朝…方向走【精品例句】Grammarisaheadacheforme.語法讓我頭疼Twoheadsarebetterthanone.三個臭皮匠，頂個諸葛亮。Don’tholdyourheadtoohigh.不要太趾高氣揚。Afterthegame,thefansheadedfortheexit.比賽線束后，球迷們朝出口走去?！靖呖兼溄印縄receivedaletterfromtheheadofthePersonnelDeparmen1.(全國卷.閱讀篇)Happyasachild,Igotonthebicycleandheadedoutontothestreets.(湖北卷.閱讀篇)【考點訓練】翻譯下列句子一個蘋果從樹上掉下來砸在了他的頭上(Anapplefellfromthetreeandhithimonthehead)在英國，國家元首是國王或女王。(IntheUnitedKingdom,theheadofstateisakingorqueen.)18.beabouttodosth.就要做某事/即將做某事，常與when引導的從句連用，表示“某人正要做某事突然發(fā)生了另一件事”【原句再現(xiàn)】LisagraduatedfromourschoollastJuneandisabouttogotocollegeinNewYork.【詞塊積累】beabout(接時間/距離)大約…beaboutsb./sth.關于…【精品例句】It’saboutteno’clocknow.現(xiàn)在大約十點鐘It’sabouttwentyminutes’walkfromhere.距此步行大約需要二十分鐘ThisbookisaboutthehistoryofAmerica.這是一本關于中國歷史的書Iwasabouttogooutwhenitbegantorainyesterdayafternoon.昨天下午我正要出門，天下雨了【高考鏈接】Tomwasabouttoclosethewindow_________hisattentionwascaughtbyabird.(全國卷.完型)（when）【考點訓練】在空白處填入括號內(nèi)詞的正確形式Theywereabout_____(go)outwhentheearthquakehappened.(togo)句式點撥Notonly…but(also)….不僅…而且….【原句再現(xiàn)】Theseactivitiesnotonlyhelpthemgainmoreskills,butalsoteachthemtocareabout