第01輯期末暑假 專題03 閱讀理解說明文（提分策略+24高考3篇+24期終20篇）（教師版） 2025屆新高三英語提分培優(yōu)通關練（高考真題+名校模擬）

2025屆新高三英語提分培優(yōu)通關練（高考真題+名校模擬）第01輯：2024年期末考試暑假專輯專題03閱讀理解說明文（提分策略+24高考3篇+24期終20篇）解析版目錄技能專區(qū)1真題專區(qū)1模擬專區(qū)7技能專區(qū)：沖刺備考名師提醒，洞悉高考命題規(guī)律，提供高效提分干貨一、閱讀理解說明文細節(jié)理解題注意落實“定位原文”和“同義替換”技巧。二、數(shù)據(jù)計算題注重“原文定位”和“細節(jié)理解”，弄清來龍去脈再計算。三、重視說明文“倒三角形”結構，特別是首段和段首的獨特作用。四、標題概括題重視三性：概括性、簡潔性和新穎性；同時聯(lián)系首段和關鍵詞。五、說明文長難句較多增加了理解的難度，落實“括號法”，（從句）（非謂語）（介詞短語）（名詞短語）。真題專區(qū)：練真題，明方向；練技巧，提能力；練速度，提分數(shù)！012024新高考I卷IntheracetodocumentthespeciesonEarthbeforetheygoextinct,researchersandcitizenscientistshavecollectedbillionsofrecords.Today,mostrecordsofbiodiversityareoftenintheformofphotos,videos,andotherdigitalrecords.Thoughtheyareusefulfordetectingshiftsinthenumberandvarietyofspeciesinanarea,anewStanfordstudyhasfoundthatthistypeofrecordisnotperfect.“Withtheriseoftechnologyitiseasyforpeopletomakeobservationsofdifferentspecieswiththeaidofamobileapplication,”saidBarnabasDaru,whoisleadauthorofthestudyandassistantprofessorofbiologyintheStanfordSchoolofHumanitiesandSciences.“Theseobservationsnowoutnumbertheprimarydatathatcomesfromphysicalspecimens(標本),andsinceweareincreasinglyusingobservationaldatatoinvestigatehowspeciesarerespondingtoglobalchange,Iwantedtoknow:Aretheyusable?”Usingaglobaldatasetof1.9billionrecordsofplants,insects,birds,andanimals,Daruandhisteamtestedhowwellthesedatarepresentactualglobalbiodiversitypatterns.“Wewereparticularlyinterestedinexploringtheaspectsofsamplingthattendtobias(使有偏差)data,likethegreaterlikelihoodofacitizenscientisttotakeapictureofafloweringplantinsteadofthegrassrightnexttoit,”saidDaru.Theirstudyrevealedthatthelargenumberofobservation-onlyrecordsdidnotleadtobetterglobalcoverage.Moreover,thesedataarebiasedandfavorcertainregions,timeperiods,andspecies.Thismakessensebecausethepeoplewhogetobservationalbiodiversitydataonmobiledevicesareoftencitizenscientistsrecordingtheirencounterswithspeciesinareasnearby.Thesedataarealsobiasedtowardcertainspecieswithattractiveoreye-catchingfeatures.Whatcanwedowiththeimperfectdatasetsofbiodiversity?“Quitealot,”Daruexplained.“Biodiversityappscanuseourstudyresultstoinformusersofoversampledareasandleadthemtoplaces–andevenspecies–thatarenotwell-sampled.Toimprovethequalityofobservationaldata,biodiversityappscanalsoencourageuserstohaveanexpertconfirmtheidentificationoftheiruploadedimage.”32.Whatdoweknowabouttherecordsofspeciescollectednow?A.Theyarebecomingoutdated. B.Theyaremostlyinelectronicform.C.Theyarelimitedinnumber. D.Theyareusedforpublicexhibition.33.WhatdoesDaru’sstudyfocuson?A.Threatenedspecies. B.Physicalspecimens.C.Observationaldata. D.Mobileapplications.34.Whathasledtothebiasesaccordingtothestudy?A.Mistakesindataanalysis. B.Poorqualityofuploadedpictures.C.Improperwayofsampling. D.Unreliabledatacollectiondevices.35.WhatisDaru’ssuggestionforbiodiversityapps?A.Reviewdatafromcertainareas. B.Hireexpertstochecktherecords.C.Confirmtheidentityoftheusers. D.Giveguidancetocitizenscientists.【答案】32.B33.C34.C35.D【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了斯坦福大學的一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，數(shù)字生物多樣性記錄存在偏見，建議應用程序引導公民科學家獲取更好的數(shù)據(jù)。32.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Today,mostrecordsofbiodiversityareoftenintheformofphotos,videos,andotherdigitalrecords.(今天，大多數(shù)生物多樣性的記錄通常以照片、視頻和其他數(shù)字記錄的形式出現(xiàn)。)”可知，現(xiàn)在收集的物種記錄大多是以電子形式存在的。故選B。33.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Theseobservationsnowoutnumbertheprimarydatathatcomesfromphysicalspecimens(標本),andsinceweareincreasinglyusingobservationaldatatoinvestigatehowspeciesarerespondingtoglobalchange,Iwantedtoknow:Aretheyusable?(這些觀察結果現(xiàn)在超過了來自物理標本的原始數(shù)據(jù)，而且由于我們越來越多地使用觀察數(shù)據(jù)來研究物種如何應對全球變化，我想知道：它們有用嗎?)”和第四段““Wewereparticularlyinterestedinexploringtheaspectsofsamplingthattendtobias(使有偏差)data,likethegreaterlikelihoodofacitizenscientisttotakeapictureofafloweringplantinsteadofthegrassrightnexttoit,”saidDaru.(Daru說“我們特別感興趣的是探索取樣容易產生數(shù)據(jù)偏差的方面，比如公民科學家更有可能拍攝開花植物的照片，而不是它旁邊的草?！?”可知，Daru的研究聚焦于觀察數(shù)據(jù)，即人們通過移動應用記錄的物種觀察數(shù)據(jù)。故選C。34.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段““Wewereparticularlyinterestedinexploringtheaspectsofsamplingthattendtobias(使有偏差)data,likethegreaterlikelihoodofacitizenscientisttotakeapictureofafloweringplantinsteadofthegrassrightnexttoit,”saidDaru.(Daru說“我們特別感興趣的是探索取樣容易產生數(shù)據(jù)偏差的方面，比如公民科學家更有可能拍攝開花植物的照片，而不是它旁邊的草?！?”以及第五段“Thismakessensebecausethepeoplewhogetobservationalbiodiversitydataonmobiledevicesareoftencitizenscientistsrecordingtheirencounterswithspeciesinareasnearby.(這是有道理的，因為在移動設備上獲得觀察生物多樣性數(shù)據(jù)的人通常是公民科學家，他們記錄了他們在附近地區(qū)與物種的接觸。)”可知，導致數(shù)據(jù)偏差的原因是采樣方式的不當。故選C。35.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Biodiversityappscanuseourstudyresultstoinformusersofoversampledareasandleadthemtoplaces—andevenspecies—thatarenotwell-sampled.Toimprovethequalityofobservationaldata,biodiversityappscanalsoencourageuserstohaveanexpertconfirmtheidentificationoftheiruploadedimage.(生物多樣性應用程序可以使用我們的研究結果來告知用戶樣本過多的地區(qū)，并將他們引導到樣本不足的地方，甚至是物種。為了提高觀測數(shù)據(jù)的質量，生物多樣性應用程序還可以鼓勵用戶讓專家確認他們上傳的圖像的身份。)”可知，Daru建議生物多樣性應用應該給公民科學家提供指導。故選D。02-2024新高考II卷Weallknowfreshisbestwhenitcomestofood.However,mostproduceatthestorewentthroughweeksoftravelandcoveredhundredsofmilesbeforereachingthetable.Whilefarmer’smarketsareasolidchoicetoreducethejourney,BabylonMicro-Farm(BMF)shortensitevenmore.BMFisanindoorgardensystem.Itcanbesetupforafamily.Additionally,itcouldservealargeraudiencesuchasahospital,restaurantorschool.Theinnovativedesignrequireslittleefforttoachieveareliableweeklysupplyoffreshgreens.Specifically,it’safarmthatreliesonnewtechnology.ByconnectingthroughtheCloud,BMFisremotelymonitored.Also,thereisaconvenientappthatprovidesgrowingdatainrealtime.Becausethesystemisautomated,itsignificantlyreducestheamountofwaterneededtogrowplants.Ratherthanwateringrowsofsoil,thesystemprovidesjusttherightamounttoeachplant.Afterharvest,userssimplyreplacetheplantswithanewpre-seededpod(容器)togetthenextgrowthcyclestarted.Moreover,havingasysteminthesamebuildingwhereit’seatenmeanszeroemissions(排放)fromtransportingplantsfromsoiltosalad.Inaddition,there’snoneedforpesticidesandotherchemicalsthatpollutetraditionalfarmsandthesurroundingenvironment.BMFemployeesliveoutsustainabilityintheireverydaylives.Abouthalfofthemwalkorbiketowork.Insidetheoffice,theyencouragerecyclingandwastereductionbylimitinggarbagecansandavoidingsingle-useplastic.“Wearepassionateaboutreducingwaste,carbonandchemicalsinourenvironment,”saidaBMFemployee.28.WhatcanbelearnedaboutBMFfromparagraph1?A.Itguaranteesthevarietyoffood. B.Itrequiresday-to-daycare.C.Itcutsthefarm-to-tabledistance. D.Itreliesonfarmer’smarkets.29.Whatinformationdoestheconvenientappoffer?A.Real-timeweatherchanges. B.Currentconditionoftheplants.C.Chemicalpollutantsinthesoil. D.Availabilityofpre-seededpods.30.WhatcanbeconcludedaboutBMFemployees?A.Theyhaveagreatpassionforsports.B.Theyaredevotedtocommunityservice.C.Theyarefondofsharingdailyexperiences.DTheyhaveastrongenvironmentalawareness.31.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A.BMF’smajorstrengths. B.BMF’sgeneralmanagement.C.BMF’sglobalinfluence. D.BMF’stechnicalstandards.【答案】28.C29.B30.D31.A【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了巴比倫微農場（BMF）的一些主要優(yōu)勢，包括減少食物運輸距離、通過云技術遠程監(jiān)控、自動化系統(tǒng)節(jié)約水資源、減少化學污染、以及員工的環(huán)保生活方式等。28.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Whilefarmer’smarketsareasolidchoicetoreducethejourney,BabylonMicro-Farm(BMF)shortensitevenmore.(雖然農貿市場是減少旅程的可靠選擇，但巴比倫微型農場（BMF）甚至縮短了旅程)”可知，巴比倫微型農場（BMF）進一步縮短了從農場到餐桌的距離。故選C。29.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Also,thereisaconvenientappthatprovidesgrowingdatainrealtime.(此外，還有一個便捷的應用程序，可以實時提供增長數(shù)據(jù))”可知，這個便捷的應用程序提供了植物生長的實時數(shù)據(jù)。故選B。30.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“BMFemployeesliveoutsustainabilityintheireverydaylives.Abouthalfofthemwalkorbiketowork.Insidetheoffice,theyencouragerecyclingandwastereductionbylimitinggarbagecansandavoidingsingle-useplastic.“Wearepassionateaboutreducingwaste,carbonandchemicalsinourenvironment,”saidaBMFemployee.(BMF員工在日常生活中追求可持續(xù)發(fā)展。大約一半的人步行或騎自行車上班。在辦公室里，他們通過限制垃圾桶和避免一次性塑料來鼓勵回收和減少浪費。BMF的一名員工表示：“我們熱衷于減少環(huán)境中的廢物、碳和化學品?！?”可知，BMF員工具有強烈的環(huán)保意識。故選D。31.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Whilefarmer’smarketsareasolidchoicetoreducethejourney,BabylonMicro-Farm(BMF)shortensitevenmore.(雖然農貿市場是減少旅程的可靠選擇，但巴比倫微型農場（BMF）甚至縮短了旅程)”、第三段“ByconnectingthroughtheCloud,BMFisremotelymonitored.Also,thereisaconvenientappthatprovidesgrowingdatainrealtime.Becausethesystemisautomated,itsignificantlyreducestheamountofwaterneededtogrowplants.Ratherthanwateringrowsofsoil,thesystemprovidesjusttherightamounttoeachplant.(通過云連接，對BMF進行遠程監(jiān)控。此外，還有一個方便的應用程序可以實時提供不斷增長的數(shù)據(jù)。由于該系統(tǒng)是自動化的，因此大大減少了種植植物所需的水量。該系統(tǒng)不是給一排排土壤澆水，而是為每株植物提供合適的水量)”以及最后一段“BMFemployeesliveoutsustainabilityintheireverydaylives.Abouthalfofthemwalkorbiketowork.Insidetheoffice,theyencouragerecyclingandwastereductionbylimitinggarbagecansandavoidingsingle-useplastic.“Wearepassionateaboutreducingwaste,carbonandchemicalsinourenvironment,”saidaBMFemployee.(BMF員工在日常生活中追求可持續(xù)發(fā)展。大約一半的人步行或騎自行車上班。在辦公室里，他們通過限制垃圾桶和避免一次性塑料來鼓勵回收和減少浪費。BMF的一名員工表示：“我們熱衷于減少環(huán)境中的廢物、碳和化學品。”)”可知，文章主要介紹了巴比倫微農場（BMF）的一些主要優(yōu)勢，包括減少食物運輸距離、通過云技術遠程監(jiān)控、自動化系統(tǒng)節(jié)約水資源、減少化學污染、以及員工的環(huán)保生活方式等。故選A。03-2024全國甲卷TheSaintLukastraindoesn’tacceptpassengers—itacceptsonlythesick.TheSaintLukasisoneoffivegovernment-sponsoredmedicaltrainsthattraveltoremotetownsincentralandeasternRussia.Eachstoplastsanaverageoftwodays,andduringthattimethedoctorsandnursesonboardproviderural(鄉(xiāng)村)populationswithbasicmedicalcare,X-rayscansandprescriptions.“Peoplestartedqueuingtomakeanappointmentearlyinthemorning,”saysEmileDucke,aGermanphotographerwhotraveledwiththestaffoftheSaintLukasforatwo-weektripinNovemberthroughthevastregions(區(qū)域)ofKrasnoyarskandKhakassia.Russia’spublichealthcareservicehasbeeninseriousneedofmodernization.Thegovernmenthasstruggledtocomeupwithmeasurestoaddresstheproblem,particularlyinthepoorer,ruralareaseastoftheVolgaRiver,includingarrangingdoctor’sappointmentsbyvideochatandexpandingfinancialaidprogramstomotivatedoctorstopracticemedicineinremotepartsofthecountrylikeKrasnoyarsk.TheannualarrivaloftheSaintLukasisanotherattempttoimprovethesituation.For10monthseveryyear,thetrainstopsatabouteightstationsovertwoweeks,beforereturningtotheregionalcapitaltorefuelandrestock(補給).Thenitstartsalloveragainthenextmonth.Moststationswaitaboutayearbetweenvisits.Doctorsseeupto150patientseveryday.Thetrain’sequipmentallowsforbasiccheckups.“Iwasveryimpressedbythedoctorsandtheirassistantsworkingandlivinginsuchlittlespacebutstillstayingfocusedandveryconcerned,”saysDucke.“Theywerethebestchanceformanyruralpeopletogetthetreatmenttheywant.”28.HowistheSaintLukasdifferentfromothertrains?A.Itrunsacrosscountries. B.Itreservesseatsfortheseniors.C.Itfunctionsasahospital. D.Ittravelsalongariver.29.Whatcanweinferfromparagraph3aboutKrasnoyarsk?A.Itisheavilypopulated. B.Itofferstrainingfordoctors.C.Itisamoderncity. D.Itneedsmedicalaid.30.HowlongcantheSaintLukasworkwithonesupply?A.Aboutayear. B.Abouttenmonths.C.Abouttwomonths. D.Abouttwoweeks.31.WhatisDucke’sattitudetowardtheSaintLukas’services?A.Appreciative. B.Doubtful C.Ambiguous. D.Cautious.【答案】28.C29.D30.D31.A【解析】【導語】本文是說明文。文章主要講述政府贊助了五輛名為圣盧卡斯的醫(yī)療列車為俄羅斯中部和東部偏遠地區(qū)每年提供為期10個月的巡回醫(yī)療服務，為鄉(xiāng)村居民提供基本醫(yī)療檢查和治療，改善當?shù)蒯t(yī)療條件。28.細節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)文章第一段“TheSaintLukasisoneoffivegovernment-sponsoredmedicaltrainsthattraveltoremotetownsincentralandeasternRussia.Eachstoplastsanaverageoftwodays,andduringthattimethedoctorsandnursesonboardproviderural(鄉(xiāng)村)populationswithbasicmedicalcare,X-rayscansandprescriptions.(圣盧卡斯號是五列政府資助的醫(yī)療列車之一，前往俄羅斯中部和東部的偏遠城鎮(zhèn)。每一站平均停留兩天，在此期間，船上的醫(yī)生和護士為農村人口提供基本醫(yī)療服務、X光掃描和處方。)”可知，圣盧卡斯號與其他火車的不同之處在于它是政府資助的醫(yī)療火車，充當醫(yī)院。因此選C。29.推理判斷題，第三段提到“Russia’spublichealthcareservicehasbeeninseriousneedofmodernization.Thegovernmenthasstruggledtocomeupwithmeasurestoaddresstheproblem,particularlyinthepoorer,ruralareaseastoftheVolgaRiver,includingarrangingdoctor'sappointmentsbyvideochatandexpandingfinancialaidprogramstomotivatedoctorstopracticemedicineinremotepartsofthecountrylikeKrasnoyarsk.(俄羅斯的公共衛(wèi)生保健服務迫切需要現(xiàn)代化。政府一直在努力提出解決這一問題的措施，特別是在伏爾加河以東較貧窮的農村地區(qū)，包括通過視頻聊天安排醫(yī)生預約，擴大財政援助計劃，激勵醫(yī)生到克拉斯諾亞爾斯克等偏遠地區(qū)行醫(yī)。)”可以推斷，Krasnoyarsk需要醫(yī)療援助，故選D。30.細節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)第四段“For10monthseveryyear,thetrainstopsatabouteightstationsovertwoweeks,beforereturningtotheregionalcapitaltorefuelandrestock(補給).”(每年有10個月，火車在兩周內停靠大約八個車站，然后返回地區(qū)首府進行補給和重新裝貨。)”可知，圣盧卡斯號一份補給可以工作大約兩周，故選D。31.推斷判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的““Iwasveryimpressedbythedoctorsandtheirassistantsworkingandlivinginsuchlittlespacebutstillstayingfocusedandveryconcerned,”saysDucke.“Theywerethebestchanceformanyruralpeopletogetthetreatmenttheywant.”(“醫(yī)生和他們的助手在這么小的空間里工作和生活，但仍然保持專注和非常關注，這給我留下了深刻的印象，”Ducke說。這是許多農村人獲得他們想要的治療的最好機會?！?”可知，Ducke對SaintLukas的服務持贊賞的態(tài)度，故選A。模擬專區(qū)：做好題才有好成績！練技能，補漏洞，提分數(shù)，強信心?。?3-24高二下·江蘇淮安·期末）Somepeoplepreferpaperbacksbecausethey’reeasytoborrowandshare.Otherswillgofore-readers.Butwhichisthemoreenvironmentallysustainableoption?Whetherit’sbettertoreadbooksinprintoronadeviceiscomplicated,becauseofthecomplexinteractionoftheresourcesinvolvedacrosstheentirelifecycleofapublishedwork:howbooksanddevicesareshipped,whatenergytheyusetorun,iftheycanberecycled.Ontheoneside,traditionalprintpublishingcomeswithahighcarbonfootprint.Accordingto2023data,32milliontreesarecutdowneachyeartomakepaperforbooks.Thenthere’stheenergy-intensiveprocessesofprintingandshipping—tosaynothingofthemanybooksthataredestroyedbecausetheyremainunsold.Althoughit’sstandardpracticeintheindustry,publishersdon’twanttodestroybooks.Soinstead,manyaredonatingunsoldcopies,switchingtoon-demandprinting.Publishersarealsorethinkingbookdesign,sincecertainfonts(字體)canbemoreclimate-friendlybyusinglessinkandlesspaper.Ontheotherhand,digitalreadingseemstohaveaconsiderableeco-advantageoverprintbecauseitispaperless,soitsavestreesandshipping.Moreover,techcompaniesthatmakee-readerssuchasAmazonofferrecyclingprogramsforolddevices.Butdigitaldevicesalsocomewithasubstantialcarbonfootprint,especiallyatthemanufacturingstage.Theircasesaremadewithplasticsandthemineralsintheirbatteriesrequireresource-heavymining.Figuringoutwhethertotakeadigitaldeviceorapaperbacktothebeachultimatelydependsonhowmuchyouread.“Ifyoubuyane-readerandyoureadloadsandloadsofbooksonit,thenit’sthelowestcarbonthingtodo,”saidMikeBerners-Lee,theauthorofTheCarbonFootprintofEverything.“ButifIbuyit,readacoupleofbooks,anddecidethatIpreferpaperbackbooks,thenit’stheworstofallworlds.”YetBerners-Leesaidthatreadingisstill,relativelyspeaking,aprettysustainableactivity——regardlessofwhetheryoureadusingane-reader,phoneorold-fashionedpaperback.1．Whyisithardtotellifprintordigitalbooksaremoreeco-friendly?A．Thewholeprocessesforbothinvolvemanyresources.B．Theoptiondependsonthereader’spersonalpreferences.C．Recyclingprogramsarenotequallyeffectiveforbothtypes.D．Theenvironmentalimpactofreadinghabitsisoftenoverlooked.2．Whatarebookpublishersdoingtoreducetheenvironmentalimpact?A．Cuttingdownfewertrees.B．Destroyingtheunsoldbooks.C．Employingeco-friendlypractices.D．Focusingonthesalesofdigitalbooks.3．AccordingtoBerners-Lee,ane-readerismoresustainablethanpaperbackswhen.A．ane-readerissharedbymanypeopleB．youchargeitusingrenewableenergyC．ane-readerisrecycledafterbeingusedD．youreadahighvolumeofbooksdigitally4．Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A．Printbooksvs.e-readers:whichisyourfavorite?B．Paperbooksvs.e-readers:whichisbetterfortheclimate?C．Choosedigitalreading,foritreducesmorecarbonfootprintD．Keepthebalanceofconvenienceandsustainabilityinreading【答案】1．A2．C3．D4．B【導語】文章的體裁為說明文，通過對紙質書和電子書對環(huán)境影響的比較，介紹了它們各自的優(yōu)缺點以及相關行業(yè)和個人在減少環(huán)境影響方面所采取的措施。1．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一第二段“Somepeoplepreferpaperbacksbecausethey’reeasytoborrowandshare.Otherswillgofore-readers.Butwhichisthemoreenvironmentallysustainableoption?Whetherit’sbettertoreadbooksinprintoronadeviceiscomplicated,becauseofthecomplexinteractionoftheresourcesinvolvedacrosstheentirelifecycleofapublishedwork:howbooksanddevicesareshipped,whatenergytheyusetorun,iftheycanberecycled.(有些人喜歡平裝書，因為它們容易借閱和分享。另一些人會選擇電子閱讀器。但哪種選項在環(huán)保方面更可持續(xù)？究竟是在紙質書上閱讀還是在設備上閱讀更好，這是一個復雜的問題，因為涉及到整個出版作品生命周期中涉及的資源的復雜互動：書籍和設備是如何運輸?shù)?，運行所需的能源是多少，它們是否可以回收利用)”可知，打印書籍和數(shù)字書籍都涉及許多資源，包括制作、印刷、運輸?shù)拳h(huán)節(jié)，因此確定哪種更環(huán)保較為困難。故選A項。2．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Althoughit’sstandardpracticeintheindustry,publishersdon’twanttodestroybooks.Soinstead,manyaredonatingunsoldcopies,switchingtoon-demandprinting.Publishersarealsorethinkingbookdesign,sincecertainfonts(字體)canbemoreclimate-friendlybyusinglessinkandlesspaper.(盡管這在行業(yè)內是標準做法，但出版商并不希望銷毀圖書。因此，很多出版商選擇將未售出的圖書捐贈出去，并轉向按需印刷。出版商也在重新考慮圖書設計，因為某些字體可以更環(huán)保，使用更少的墨水和紙張)”可知，出版商正在采取環(huán)保實踐，包括捐出舊書、采用更環(huán)保的設計以及轉向按需印刷等方法來降低環(huán)境影響。故選C項。3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Figuringoutwhethertotakeadigitaldeviceorapaperbacktothebeachultimatelydependsonhowmuchyouread.“Ifyoubuyane-readerandyoureadloadsandloadsofbooksonit,thenit’sthelowestcarbonthingtodo,”saidMikeBerners-Lee,theauthorofTheCarbonFootprintofEverything.(在決定是帶數(shù)字設備還是紙質書去海灘時，最終取決于你的閱讀量。“如果你購買了電子閱讀器，并且在上面讀了很多書，那么這是最低碳排放的選擇，”《一切碳足跡》的作者邁克?伯納斯-李說道)”可知，Berners-Lee的觀點是如果你在電子閱讀器上閱讀大量書籍，那么電子閱讀器是更可持續(xù)的選擇。故選D項。4．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Somepeoplepreferpaperbacksbecausethey’reeasytoborrowandshare.Otherswillgofore-readers.Butwhichisthemoreenvironmentallysustainableoption?(有些人喜歡平裝書，因為它們方便借閱和共享。其他人會選擇電子閱讀器。但哪種選項更環(huán)?？沙掷m(xù)呢)”可知，文本主要論述紙質書與電子閱讀器對氣候影響的比較，“紙質書與電子閱讀器：哪個對氣候更好？”這個標題最合適。故選B項。（23-24高二下·浙江臺州·期末）Climatemodelscangiveusapreviewofhowhumanity’sactions—orinaction—willchangeourplanetoverthecomingdecadesandcenturies.Butbecausetheplanetissuchacomplexsystem,theyaren’tperfectclimatemodelshaveuncertaintiesthatgrowlargerastheygofartherintothefuture.Scientistsandengineersfromacrossthecountryareteaminguptobuildanewtypeofclimatemodelthatisdesignedtoprovidemorepreciseandactionablepredictions.Currentclimatemodelingreliesondividinguptheglobeintoagrid(格子)andthencomputingwhatisgoingonineachsectorofthegrid,aswellashowthesectorsinteractwitheachother.Limitationsinavailablecomputerprocessingpowermeanthatthosesectorsgenerallycannotbeanysmallerthantensofkilometersperside.Butforclimatemodeling,thedevilisinthedetails—detailsthatgetmissedinatoo-largegrid.“Forcitiesplanningtheirstormwatermanagementfacilitiestoresistthenext100years’worthoffloods,thisisaseriousissue.Concreteanswersaboutthelikelyrangeofclimateoutcomesarekeyforplanning.”saysTapioSchneider,seniorresearchscientistatCliMA．Weighingrecentadvancesinthecomputationalanddatasciences,theteamplanstostepincandesceofthepartnersbringsadifferentstrengthandresearchexpertisetotheproject.“Ourgoalisanewmodelthatprojectsfuturechangesincriticalvariablessuchascloudcover,seaiceextent,andrainfallmoreaccurately—withuncertaintiesatleasthalfthesizeofthoseinexistingmodels.”saidDr.Andrew,theteamleader.OnedoubterabouttheapplicationofclimatemodelsisRaffaeleFerrari,aCecilandIdaGreenProfessorofOceanographyatMIT.“Usingamodel,webecomepuppeteers,mastersofagiantsystemthatis,intruth,beyondhumancontrol.Wecancoolorheattheplanetatwill,addsaltoriceorrainordustinanyamountwewant,”Dr.Ferrarisays.“Wehavenobackupplanet.Howclimatemodelsareusedremainstobeseen.”5．Whyareclimatemodelsbuilt?A．Tocollectscientificdata. B．Tomonitorhumanactions.C．Todeliverusefulforecasts. D．Tomaintainsocialsystems.6．Whatistheproblemofcurrentclimatemodeling?A．Shortageoffacilities. B．Relianceoncomputers.C．Inabilitytogetsmallergrids. D．Limitationinsimplifyingdetails.7．Whatdoestheteamaimtodo?A．Investigateseriousissues. B．Guaranteethesafetyofthecity.C．Changethefutureclimate. D．Improvetheaccuracyofthemodels.8．Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A．Climatemodelsenjoysgreatpopularity.B．Scientistshavecreatedanewclimatemodel.C．Doubtsaboutclimatemodelsaredisappearing.D．Cautionisadvisedintheuseofclimatemodels.【答案】5．C6．C7．D8．D【導語】本文是說明文。本文圍繞氣候模型的主題，解釋了其工作原理、存在的局限性，以及科學家們如何努力改進氣候模型以提高預測的準確性和實用性。5．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Climatemodelscangiveusapreviewofhowhumanity’sactions—orinaction—willchangeourplanetoverthecomingdecadesandcenturies.(氣候模型可以讓我們預覽人類的行為——或不作為——將如何在未來幾十年和幾個世紀改變我們的星球)”以及“Scientistsandengineersfromacrossthecountryareteaminguptobuildanewtypeofclimatemodelthatisdesignedtoprovidemorepreciseandactionablepredictions.(來自全國各地的科學家和工程師正在合作建立一種新型的氣候模型，旨在提供更精確和可操作的預測)”可知，建立氣候模型是為了提供有用的預測。故選C項。6．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Currentclimatemodelingreliesondividinguptheglobeintoagrid(格子)andthencomputingwhatisgoingonineachsectorofthegrid,aswellashowthesectorsinteractwitheachother.Limitationsinavailablecomputerprocessingpowermeanthatthosesectorsgenerallycannotbeanysmallerthantensofkilometersperside.Butforclimatemodeling,thedevilisinthedetails—detailsthatgetmissedinatoo-largegrid.(目前的氣候模型依賴于將全球劃分成一個網(wǎng)格，然后計算網(wǎng)格中每個區(qū)域的情況，以及顯示區(qū)域之間的相互作用。可用計算機處理能力的限制意味著這些扇區(qū)通常不能小于每邊幾十公里。但對于氣候模型來說，關鍵在于細節(jié)——那些在太大的網(wǎng)格中被遺漏的細節(jié))”可知，當前氣候模型的問題是無法得到更小的網(wǎng)格。故選C項。7．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Weighingrecentadvancesinthecomputationalanddatasciences,theteamplanstostepincandesceofthepartnersbringsadifferentstrengthandresearchexpertisetotheproject.“Ourgoalisanewmodelthatprojectsfuturechangesincriticalvariablessuchascloudcover,seaiceextent,andrainfallmoreaccurately—withuncertaintiesatleasthalfthesizeofthoseinexistingmodels.”saidDr.Andrew,theteamleader.(考慮到計算和數(shù)據(jù)科學的最新進展，該團隊計劃進行深入研究。每個合作伙伴都為該項目帶來了不同的優(yōu)勢和研究專長?！拔覀兊哪繕耸莿?chuàng)建一個新模型，能夠更準確地預測云量、海冰范圍和降雨量等關鍵變量的未來變化，而且不確定性至少比現(xiàn)有模型中的小一半。”團隊負責人安德魯博士說)”可知，團隊的目標是提高模型的準確性。故選D項。8．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“OnedoubterabouttheapplicationofclimatemodelsisRaffaeleFerrari,aCecilandIdaGreenProfessorofOceanographyatMIT.“Usingamodel,webecomepuppeteers,mastersofagiantsystemthatis,intruth,beyondhumancontrol.Wecancoolorheattheplanetatwill,addsaltoriceorrainordustinanyamountwewant,”Dr.Ferrarisays.“Wehavenobackupplanet.Howclimatemodelsareusedremainstobeseen.”(麻省理工學院海洋學Cecil和IdaGreen教授RaffaeleFerrari對氣候模型的應用持懷疑態(tài)度。“通過模型，我們成為了操縱木偶的大師，成為了一個巨大系統(tǒng)的主人，而這個系統(tǒng)實際上超出了人類的控制。我們可以隨意冷卻或加熱地球，可以隨意添加我們想要的鹽、冰、雨或灰塵，”Ferrari博士說。“我們沒有備用星球。如何使用氣候模型還有待觀察?！?”可知，F(xiàn)errari警告人們如何使用氣候模型還有待觀察，所以在使用氣候模型時應謹慎。故選D項。（23-24高二下·浙江紹興·期末）In2017,EllicHighwood,theprofessorofclimatephysicsattheUniversityofReading,postedaphotographonTwitterofa“globalwarmingblanket”shehadcrocheted(用鉤針編織),inwhichrowsofcolourrepresentedaverageglobaltemperaturechangesacrosstime.Shehadnoideathatagraphicversionlatercreatedbyacolleaguewouldbecomeaglobalsymbolofclimatechange.Shehadnoideathatagraphicversionlatercreatedbyacolleaguewouldbecomeaglobalsymbolofclimatechange.Unliketraditionaldatavisualisations,theblanket’spatternonlyfeaturescolors—andseemstobeabarcodemorethananormalgraph.WhenEdHawkins,climatescientistandprofessoratthesameuniversity,sawthewarmingstripesandwitnessedpeople’sreactions,hethoughttheywouldbeagoodwaytovisualisethedatafromclimatechangeonline.Hereducedtherangeofcolorstotonesofbluesandreds,universallyassociatedinweathermapswithtemperature.Ayearlater,HawkinstestedthedesignattheHayFestivalintheUK.Afterapositivereception,heembarkedonamissiontomakethewarmingstripeswidelyaccessibleandlaunchedawebsite.Withinaweek,thesitehadmorethanonemilliondownloadsfromacross180countries.Meteorologist(氣象學家)BernadetteWoodsPlackyfirstsawthestripesonFacebookin2018.WhenaweatherpresenterprintedthedesignonatietowearonTV,andaskedifanybodyelsewantedtojoin,Bernadettesawanopportunityforthecommunitytocollaborate.TheypartneredwithHawkins,universities,theWorldMeteorologicalOrganization,andothers,andhadaWhatsAppgroupwithTVweatherpresentersfrommorethan100countries.The“warmingstripes”imagehasbeenembracedbyactivistsglobally.ThestripeshavebeenworninLondonFashionWeekcatwalksanddisplayedonpublictransportinEurope,decoratedbuildingsandevennaturallandmarksinEngland.Cycling4Climate,afoundationthathasorganizedridesinsixcountriestopromoteclimatechangeawareness,chosethestripepatternasauniformbecauseofthestrongmessageitconveys.Thewarmingstripesmaynotnecessarilybethesolution,butperhapstheyrepresentafirststepinrecognizingtheproblem.9．Whatcanweknowaboutthewarmingstripes?A．Theyconsistofabarcodeandanormalgraph.B．Theyareapracticalapproachtoglobalwarming.C．Theyrevealthecausesofglobalclimatechanges.D．TheygoglobalduetotheworkofBernadetteandEdHawkins.10．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"collaborate"inparagraph4mean?A．Cooperate. B．Resolve. C．Dominate. D．Interrupt.11．Whatisthewriter'sattitudetothewarmingstripes?A．Doubtful. B．Cautious. C．Favorable. D．Conse