備戰(zhàn)2025屆高考英語二輪專題復(fù)習(xí)愛尚閱讀話題篇專題04降與飲食含解析

專題04健康與飲食【美文閱讀1】Mypainfulsmalldecision“Soon,you’regoingtohavetomoveout!”criedmyneighboruponseeingthelargesttomatoplantknowntomankind,oratleastknowninmyneighborhood.Onetiny9-inchplant,boughtfor$1.25inthespring,hasalreadytakenovermuchofmyrosebed,coveringmuchofotherplants,andiswellonitswaytothefrontdoor.Rosesrequireagooddealofcare,andifitweren’tforthepleasuretheygive,itwouldn’tbeworththework.Asitis,Ihaveagardenfullofsweet-smellingrosesformostoftheyear.bushesmustbeprunedinearlyspring,leavinguglywoodybranchesuntilthenewgrowthappearsafewweekslater.Itwasthespaceavailableinthegardenthatledmeintoplantingjustonelittletomatoplant.Abigmistake.Soilconditionsmadejustperfectforrosesturnouttobeevenmoreperfectfortomatoes.Thedailywateringcoupledwithfullsunandregularfertilizinghaveturnedthelittleplantintoatallbush.ThecageIplacedarounditastheplantgrewhaslongsincedisappearedunderthethickleaves.NowthetaskIfaceinharvestingthefruitistwofold;First,Ihavetofindtheredonesamongtheleaves,whichmeansIalmosthavetostandonmyhead,andoncefoundIhavetoreachdownandunder,pickthetomatoesandwithdraw(縮回)myfullfistwithoutdroppingtheprizesodearlywon.Ifoundtwofull-blownwhiterosescompletelyhiddenasIpickedtomatoesinJune,buttheywereweakandtheleavesalreadyyellowforlackoflight.HereIamfacedwithapainfulsmalldecision:Totearupawonderfulandproductivetomatoplantthatoffersupbetweentenandtwentyripesweettomatoeseachdayorsaygoodbyetoseveralexpensiveandtreasuredroses.LikeScarlettinGoneWiththeWind,I’llthinkaboutthattomorrow.我的苦痛的小確定“很快，你就得搬出去了！“我的鄰居看到人類已知的最大的西紅柿植物，或者至少在我的鄰居那里知道的最大的西紅柿?xí)r叫道。春天花了1.25美元買了一棵9英寸的小植物，它已經(jīng)占據(jù)了我的大部分玫瑰花床，覆蓋了其他很多植物，而且正在通往前門的路上。玫瑰須要很好的呵護(hù)，假如不是因?yàn)樗鼈兘o人帶來的歡樂，它就不值得付出代價(jià)。事實(shí)上，我有一個(gè)花園，一年中大部分時(shí)間都是芳香的玫瑰。灌木必需在早春修剪，留下難看的木本樹枝，直到幾周后新的生長(zhǎng)出現(xiàn)。正是花園里的空地讓我只種了一株小番茄。一個(gè)大錯(cuò)誤。適合玫瑰生長(zhǎng)的土壤條件對(duì)西紅柿來說更加完備。每天澆水加上足夠的陽光和定期施肥，使這棵小植物長(zhǎng)成了一棵高大的灌木。當(dāng)植物生長(zhǎng)的時(shí)候，我放在它四周的籠子早已在厚厚的葉子下消逝了?，F(xiàn)在，我收獲果實(shí)的任務(wù)有兩個(gè)：首先，我必需在樹葉中找到紅色的，這意味著我?guī)缀跻驹谖业念^上，一旦發(fā)覺我必需伸手到下，摘下西紅柿，收回我的全部拳頭，而不落下如此寶貴的獎(jiǎng)品。我在六月采摘西紅柿?xí)r發(fā)覺兩朵盛開的白玫瑰完全藏起來了，但是它們很弱，葉子已經(jīng)因?yàn)槿鄙俟饩€而變黃了。在這里，我面臨著一個(gè)苦痛的小確定：撕掉一株每天供應(yīng)10到20個(gè)成熟甜番茄的奇妙而多產(chǎn)的番茄，或者告辭幾朵昂貴而寶貴的玫瑰。就像《亂世佳人》里的斯佳麗一樣，我明天再考慮這個(gè)問題。注解：1.prune[pru:n]vt.修剪，修整；刪除，削減2.fertilize

[?f?:tilaiz]vt.使肥沃；使多產(chǎn)3.withdraw[wie?dr?:]vt.收回，撤消，撤退vi.縮回，退出，撤退4.productive

[pr??d?ktiv]a.多產(chǎn)的，富裕的；富有成效的語法點(diǎn)撥：1.Rosesrequireagooddealofcare,andifitweren’tforthepleasuretheygive,itwouldn’tbeworththework.【歸納】ifitweren’tfor表示“要不是因?yàn)椤?其主句時(shí)態(tài)為…woulddo.假如是對(duì)過去的虛擬則用ifithadn’tbeenfor…,其主句時(shí)態(tài)通常為wouldhavedone.兩種用法均相當(dāng)于butfor.如：Ifithadn’tbeenforhishelp,wewouldhavelostthegame.要不是因?yàn)樗膸兔?，我們就輸?shù)袅诉@場(chǎng)競(jìng)賽。2.Itwasthespaceavailableinthegardenthatledmeintoplantingjustonelittletomatoplant.【歸納】此句中itwas…that…為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，其強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)象為thespaceavailableinthegarden.又如：ItwasinthegardenthathefoundhislostMP4.他是在花園里找到丟失的MP4的.【美文閱讀2】導(dǎo)讀：你見過藍(lán)色和綠色的蜂蜜嗎？這些驚奇顏色的蜂蜜是怎么來的呢？ThecolorfulhoneyBlueandgreenhoneymaylookcool,butbeekeepersinnortheasternFrancearenothappyabouttheirstrange-lookingnewproduct.Overthepastfewmonths,beekeepersinRibeauvillé,atownlocatedintheAlsaceregion,havenoticedthatbeestherehavebeenmakinghoneyinmanystrangecolors.Beeshavebeenreturningtoapiarieswithdifferentcolorscoatingtheirbodies.Thecolorsthen=1\*GB3①enduppollutingthehoney.ArecentresearchshowedthatanearbyM&M’sfactoryisbehindthechangeincolor.Wastefromthefactoryhasbeenexposingthebeestoanumberofchemicals.Someofthechemicalsareusedintheoutershellsofthecandies,whichcomeinmanybrightcolors.Thelocalbeekeepersdonotknowifthepollutedhoneyisdangeroustoeat,buttheyarenottakinganychances.Theyare=2\*GB3②throwingawaythecandy-coloredhoney,whichmeansabiglosstolocalbusinesses.“Forme,it’snothoney,”AlainFrieh,leaderofthetown’sbeekeepersunion,tellstheReutersnewsagency.“It’snotsellable.”ThehoneyindustryinthispartofFrancehasbeensufferingthisyear.AccordingtoFrieh,manybeesdiedlastwinterorwereunabletomakehoneybecauseofthebadweather.Thisnewproblemofcoloredhoneyishurtingthebeekeepers’wayoflifeevenmore.Theregion=3\*GB3③ishometoabout2,400beekeepersand35,000coloniesofbees,accordingtoAlsace’schamberofagriculture.=4\*GB3④Thebeekeepersharvestapproximately1,000tonsofhoneyeachyear,makingtheproductabigpartoftheregion’seconomy.AgrivaloristhecompanythatprocessestheM&M'sfactory'swaste.Accordingtoco-managerPhilippeMeinrad,thecompanyhasbeen=5\*GB3⑤attemptingtostopthepollution.“Wediscoveredtheproblem=6\*GB3⑥atthesametimetheydid,”MeinradtellsReuters.“Wequicklyputinplaceaproceduretostopit.”彩色的蜂蜜藍(lán)色和綠色的蜂蜜可能看起來很酷，但法國東北部的養(yǎng)蜂人卻不喜愛這種看起來怪異的產(chǎn)品。在過去的幾個(gè)月中，位于阿爾薩斯地區(qū)的維列小鎮(zhèn)上的養(yǎng)蜂人留意到那里的蜜蜂釀出了很多驚奇顏色的蜂蜜。蜜蜂身上帶著不同的顏色返回養(yǎng)蜂場(chǎng)。那些顏色最終染到了蜂蜜中。一項(xiàng)最新探討發(fā)覺旁邊的一家M&M’s工廠是造成蜂蜜變更顏色的根源。那家工廠排放出來的廢物使蜜蜂受到那些化學(xué)物的影響。其中的一些化學(xué)物用于糖果的外包裝，那是很多艷麗的顏色的根源。當(dāng)?shù)仞B(yǎng)蜂者不知道吃那些被染色的蜂蜜是否有危急，但他們沒有冒險(xiǎn)。他們把那些糖果色的蜂蜜扔掉了，這對(duì)他們?cè)斐闪撕艽髶p失。AlainFrieh是當(dāng)?shù)仞B(yǎng)蜂協(xié)會(huì)的一位領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人，告知路透新聞社說：“對(duì)于我來說，這不是蜂蜜，不能出售?！苯衲暌詠?，法國這部分地區(qū)的蜂蜜行業(yè)始終遭遇著被染色的侵?jǐn)_。據(jù)Frieh說，由于惡劣的天氣，去年冬天很多蜜蜂死亡或者不能釀蜜。而現(xiàn)在的染色蜂蜜問題更加嚴(yán)峻影響了養(yǎng)蜂者的生產(chǎn)。依據(jù)阿爾薩斯農(nóng)業(yè)委員會(huì)，該地區(qū)是大約2,400養(yǎng)蜂戶的基地，那里有35,000個(gè)蜂群。每年養(yǎng)蜂戶們收獲近乎1,000噸蜂蜜，這使得蜂蜜成為該地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)的重要產(chǎn)業(yè)。Agrivalor是處理M&M’s工廠廢物的企業(yè)。依據(jù)合作經(jīng)營(yíng)者PhilippeMeinrad，該公司始終在努力阻擋污染。Meinrad告知路透社，“在他們發(fā)覺的同時(shí)，我們也發(fā)覺了該問題。我們很快地實(shí)行了措施來防止污染?！敝攸c(diǎn)單詞:1.apiary['e?p??r?]n.蜂房；養(yǎng)蜂場(chǎng)2.sellable['sel?bl]adj.適于銷售的3.chamber['t?e?mb?]n.（身體或器官內(nèi)的）室，膛；房間；會(huì)所4.procedure[pr?'si?d??]n.程序，手續(xù)；步驟重點(diǎn)短語/亮點(diǎn)句式：1.endup結(jié)束；最終成為。如：Howdoesthestoryendup?這個(gè)故事是怎么結(jié)尾的?Becareful,youcouldendupbygettinghurt.當(dāng)心,你可能最終會(huì)傷到自己的.2.throwaway扔掉；奢侈。如：Howmuchfooddowethrowawayintothegarbageeachyear?每年我們當(dāng)垃圾扔掉的食物有多少?Firesareoftencausedbycigaretteendswhichpeoplecarelesslythrowaway.火災(zāi)常常是由人們不當(dāng)心扔掉的煙蒂引起的。3.behometo是……的所在地；……的發(fā)源地。如：TheChesapeakeusedtobehometowildoysters,but99percentofthemaregone.切薩皮克曾經(jīng)是野生牡蠣的家園，但是現(xiàn)在99%的牡蠣都不會(huì)再生活在這里了。4.Thebeekeepersharvestapproximately1,000tonsofhoneyeachyear,makingtheproductabigpartoftheregion’seconomy.每年養(yǎng)蜂戶們收獲近乎1,000噸蜂蜜，這使得蜂蜜成為該地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)的重要產(chǎn)業(yè)。makingtheproductabigpartoftheregion’seconomy為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語，表示自然而然的結(jié)果，且該部分為“make+賓語(theproduct)+賓語補(bǔ)足語(abigpartoftheregion’seconomy)結(jié)構(gòu)”。如：Hecutofftheelectricityquickly,preventinganaccident.他快速切斷了電源，防止了一起意外事故。Hisparentsdied,makinghimanorphan.父親去世了，使他成為孤兒。5.attemptto嘗試；企圖。如：Iwouldbethelasttoattempttoanswerthequestion.我是最不行能去嘗試回答這個(gè)問題。Shewillattempttobeattheworldrecord.她決心要打破世界紀(jì)錄。6.atthesametime同時(shí)。如：Bycoincidence,wearrivedhereatthesametime.You'vegottobefirm,butatthesametimeyoumustbesympathetic.你看法要強(qiáng)硬，但還必需有憐憫心。名句背誦：Ifyouwishtosucceed,youshouldusepersistenceasyourgoodfriend,experienceasyourreference,prudenceasyourbrotherandhopeasyoursentry.(ThomasEdison)假如你希望勝利，當(dāng)以恒心為良友，以閱歷為參謀，以謹(jǐn)慎為兄弟，以希望為哨兵。（美國獨(dú)創(chuàng)家愛迪生）【話題解讀】＂飲食與健康＂是中學(xué)英語新課標(biāo)話題當(dāng)中特別重要的兩個(gè)話題，飲食與健康自古以來都是人們所關(guān)切的重大問題，尤其是隨著社會(huì)進(jìn)步和人們物質(zhì)生活水平的提高，食物質(zhì)量和平安問題以及身體健康更是受到了人們空前的關(guān)注，因此順應(yīng)時(shí)代潮流，高考英語對(duì)這兩個(gè)話題更是有所體現(xiàn)。

由于飲食與健康是熱點(diǎn)話題，高考英語中對(duì)這兩個(gè)話題會(huì)涉及較多的考查內(nèi)容，常以閱讀理解、完形填空、語法填空以及書面表達(dá)的形式出現(xiàn)，例如2024年新課標(biāo)卷I語言學(xué)問運(yùn)用的其次節(jié)（語法填空），2024年四川卷閱讀理解D篇，2024年全國卷Ⅲ七選五，2015年廣東卷基礎(chǔ)寫作，2015課標(biāo)全國卷Ⅱ閱讀理解B篇，2013新課標(biāo)全國卷Ⅱ閱讀理解C篇等。

話題單詞第1組1.allergicadj.過敏的2.appetiten.食欲；胃口3.balancen.平衡4.benefitn.利益v.受益5.bleedvi.出血；流血6.cafeterian.自助餐廳7.candyn.糖果8.canteenn.餐廳；食堂9fortableadj.舒適的；安逸的10.curen．&vt.治療；治愈11.deliciousadj.美味的；可口的12.desperateadj.無望的；舍命的13.dietn.日常飲食vi.節(jié)食14.diseasen.疾病第2組1.dizzyadj.頭暈?zāi)垦５?.energyn.精力；活力3.harmn．&v.損害；損傷harmfuladj.有害的；致傷的harmlessadj.無害的；不致傷的4.healthn.健康；衛(wèi)生healthyadj.健康的；健壯的unhealthyadj.不健康的；不衛(wèi)生的5.injurevt.損害；損害6.necessaryadj.必需的；必要的7.nutritionn.養(yǎng)分；滋養(yǎng)8.operatev.做手術(shù)；運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)；實(shí)施；經(jīng)營(yíng)；管理operationn.手術(shù)；操作9.overweightadj.太胖的；超重的10.painfuladj.苦痛的11.patientn.病人12.physiciann.內(nèi)科醫(yī)生13.poisonn.毒藥14.randomadj.隨意的；未經(jīng)事先考慮的15.rangev.變更；變動(dòng)；排序第3組1.recipen.烹飪法；食譜2.recovervi.痊愈；復(fù)原3.reducevt.削減；縮減4.reliefn.輕松；解脫；緩和；救濟(jì)5.reservationn.預(yù)訂6.servevt.款待(顧客等)；服務(wù)servicen.服務(wù)7.snackn.小吃8.stomachn.胃；胃部stomachachen.胃疼9.strengthn.強(qiáng)項(xiàng)；特長(zhǎng)；力氣10.supplyvt.&n.供應(yīng)；供應(yīng)11.symptomn.癥狀12.tasten.品嘗；味道vt.品嘗；嘗味tastelessadj.無味道的tastyadj.味道好的13.virusn.病毒14.vitaminn.維生素話題短語第1組1.acquireagoodhabit養(yǎng)成好習(xí)慣2.begood/badfor對(duì)……有益/有害3.behigh/lowin含……高/低4.beingoodhealth身體健康5.beonadiet節(jié)食6.berich/abundantin富含7.besickof...對(duì)……厭倦8.beworriedabout對(duì)……擔(dān)憂/焦慮第2組1.breakdown(身體)垮掉；(精神)崩潰；(機(jī)器或車輛)出毛病2.buildupone'sbody增加某人的體質(zhì)3.curesb.of...治愈某人……4.diefrom由于……而死5.getoverweight變得肥胖6.haveapainin某處難受7.keepabalanceddiet保持均衡的飲食8.keepfit保持健康9.loseweight減肥第3組1.operateonsb.給某人做手術(shù)2.performanoperationonsb.給某人動(dòng)手術(shù)3.physicalexamination體檢4.putonweight增加體重5.recoverfrom從……中復(fù)原6.sendforadoctor派人去請(qǐng)醫(yī)生7.sufferfrom遭遇；患上8.takeexercise進(jìn)行運(yùn)動(dòng)；熬煉9.workout解決；熬煉話題佳句1．SomeofusthinkthatSenior3studentsshouldtakeexerciseafterschoolbecausethey'reconvincedthatprogressorsuccessdependsongoodhealth,whiletheothersholdquitedifferentviews.我們中一些人認(rèn)為高三學(xué)生課余時(shí)間應(yīng)當(dāng)參與體育熬煉，因?yàn)樗麄儓?jiān)信進(jìn)步與勝利依靠于健康的體魄；而另一些人持不同看法。2．Abalanceddietandregularexercisecanhelpuskeephealthybothphysicallyandmentally.均衡的飲食和有規(guī)律的熬煉能幫助我們保持身心健康。3．Notonlydoesexerciseimproveourhealthbutalsomakesuscheerfulandraisesourlearningefficiency.熬煉不僅能改善我們的健康狀況，而且使我們精神愉悅并提高學(xué)習(xí)效率。4．AsfarasI'mconcerned,weshoulddevelopahealthyeatinghabittobuildupourstrength.Onlyinthiswaycanwehaveenoughenergytostudy.我認(rèn)為，為了增加體質(zhì)，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)養(yǎng)成健康的飲食習(xí)慣。只有這樣我們才能有足夠的精力學(xué)習(xí)。5．Accordingtoasurvey,morethanhalfofChinesestudentsareshort-sighted,rankingfirstintheworld.依據(jù)一項(xiàng)調(diào)查，中國學(xué)生半數(shù)以上患有近視，位居世界第一。6．Themajorityofpeopletakeintoomuchfatandnotenoughfiber,whichdoesgreatharmtotheirhealth.大多數(shù)人攝入太多的脂肪，纖維不夠，這對(duì)他們的健康很有害。7．Thedoctoradvisedthatweshouldhaveabalanceddietandgetintothegoodhabitofgettingupearly.醫(yī)生建議我們應(yīng)當(dāng)均衡飲食并養(yǎng)成早起的好習(xí)慣。8．Infact,wehavetoadmitthefactthatthequalityoflifeisasimportantaslifeitself.事實(shí)上，我們必需承認(rèn)，生命的質(zhì)量和生命本身一樣重要。9．Nothingismorepreciousthanyoukeepfit.再也沒有什么比你保持健康更寶貴的了。10．Wecan'temphasizetheimportanceofprotectingoureyestoomuch.我們?cè)僭趺磸?qiáng)調(diào)愛護(hù)眼睛的重要性也不為過。I．閱讀理解閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AScientistshavelearnedalotaboutthekindsoffoodpeopleneed.Theysaythatthereareseveralkindsoffoodthatpeopleshouldeateveryday,theyare:(1)greenandyellowvegetablesofallkinds;(2)citrus(柑桔)fruitsandtomatoes;(3)potatoesandotherfruitsandvegetables;(4)meatofallkinds,fishandeggs;(5)milkandfoodsmadefrommilk;(6)breadorcereal(谷類),riceisalsointhiskindoffood;(7)butter,orsomethinglikebutter.Peopleindifferentcountriesanddifferentplacesoftheworldeatdifferentkindsofthings.Foodsarecookedandeateninmanydifferentkindsofways.Peopleindifferentcountrieseatatdifferenttimesoftheday.Insomeplacespeopleeatonceortwiceaday;inothercountriespeopleeatthreeorfourtimesaday.Scientistssaythatnoneofthedifferencesisreallyimportant.Itdoesn’tmatterwhetherfoodsareeatenraworcooked,canned(罐裝的)orfrozen(冷凍的).Itdoesn’tmatterifapersoneatsdinnerat4o’clockintheafternoonorateleveno’clockatnight.Theimportantthingiswhatyoueateveryday.Therearetwoproblems,then,infeedingthelargenumberofpeopleontheearth.Thefirstistofindsomewaystofeedtheworld’spopulationsothatnooneishungry.Thesecondistomakesurethatpeopleeverywherehavetherightkindsoffoodtomakethemgrowtobestrongandhealthy.1.Accordingtothescientists,whichofthefollowingisthehealthiestforyourlunch?A.Chicken,apples,cerealandcabbages. B.Potatoes,carrots,riceandbread.C.Oranges,bananas,fishandtomatoes. D.Beef,pork,fishandmilk,2.Peopleindifferentcountriesanddifferentplacesoftheworld_________.A.havetherightkindsoffoodtoeat B.cooktheirfoodinthesamewayC.havetheirmealsatthesametime D.eatfoodindifferentways3.Whichofthefollowingisnottrue?A.Peopleinsomeplacesdon’thaveenoughtoeat.B.Therearetoomanypeopleintheworld.C.Oneoftheproblemsisthatnooneishungry.D.Thescientistsaretryingtomakepeoplegrowtobestrongandhealthy.4.IfthereisParagraph4,whatdoyouthinkisgoingtobetalkedabout?A.Whattodowiththetwoproblems. B.Whenpeopleeattheirlunch.C.Howtocookfoodindifferentways. D.Whypeopleeatdifferentkindsoffood.BTechnically,manyofthehealthyfoodsweeatareprocessed,butnotinthewayyoumightthink.Forexample,ifyouhaveaMasonjarfulloforganicdriedbeans,youhaveprocessedfoodinyourfridge.Frozenvegetablesareprocessed,evenifyoupickedthevegetablesfromyourgarden,blanched(焯水)themandputthemthefridge.Themomentyoublanchedthem,youprocessedthem.Whenwesayweshouldn’teatprocessedfoods,whatwereallymeanisultra-processedfoods.Whatareultra-processedfoods?IfImadeflatbreadathome,Iwouldmakeitwithmaterialslikeflour,yeast,milk,butterandsalt.Ikeepwhole-grainflatbreadinmyfreezerbecauseitdeterioratesquickly.Healthymealsforsure.ButInormallybuythemfromthegrocerystore,andwhilethebrandIbuycontainsalmostthesamematerialsasahomemadeversion,italsoincludesthedextrose,typeofsugar,andsomeotheradditives(添加劑).Thenitcanbecalledanultra-processedone.Ifweateultra-processedfoodsonlyoccasionally,itwouldn’tbeasbigofaproblem.However,researchersindicatedthatalmost58%ofthecaloriesAmericansconsumearefromultra-processedfoods.Astudyfoundpeoplewhoincreasedtheirdailyintakeofultra-processedfoodby10%increasedtheirriskofdevelopingoverallcancerby12%andbreastcancerby11%.Whilethestudydidn’tidentifytheexactreasonwhyultra-processedfoodscauseahigherriskofcancer,researchersdidhaveseveraltheories.Onetheoryisthatthefoodscontainhighlevelsofsalt,sugarandfat.Thosematerialshavebeenlinkedtooverweight,whichcanalsoleadtoagreaterriskofcancer.Asecondtheoryisthatsomeultra-processedfoodscontaincertainadditivesthatleadtocancers.Alsoanothertheoryishightemperaturesusedtoprocessthefoodcancreatenewlyformedpollutant.Finally,bpa(BisphenolA)iscommonlyusedinfoodpackagingandcanleakintothefood.Whilefurtherstudiesareneededtoknowtheexactreasonswhyultra-processedfoodscanhavesuchanimpactonhealth,it’ssafetosaythattheconsequencesofeatingthemoutweighthebenefits.5.Whichofthefollowingisanultra-processedfood?A.Flatbreadfromstores. B.Frozenvegetables.C.Organicdriedbeans D.Homemadeflatbread.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“deteriorates”inparagraph2mean?A.Runsout. B.Breaksout. C.Goesbad. D.Getsround.7.Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph4?A.Alltheadditivesinthefoodcancausedeadlydiseases.B.Foodpackagewillnotbeaconstantmatterofconcernforus.C.Reasonsforcancerscausedbyultra-processedfoodsaredefinite.D.Toomuchsugar,saltandfatcontributetooverweight,andevencancers.8.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetotheultra-processedfood?A.Supportive. B.Cautious. C.Disapproving. D.Unconcerned.CThelatestdiettrendinAmericaisalsoanancienthumanactivity.Theactivityisfasting,ornoteatingfoodforasetamountoftime.SocialmediaappsandFacebookgroupsareappearingforpeoplewhodo“intermittentfasting,”orfastingonapart-timebasis.Likeotherdiets,intermittentfastinghelpsyouloseweightbysettinglimitsoneating.Butinsteadoflimitingwhatyoueat,itlimitswhenyoueat.MelissaBreauxBankstonisaCrossfitinstructorinNewOrleans,Louisiana.Shetriedintermittentfastingasawaytoreducehersnacking.“IwantedtolimittheamountoftimethatIwaseating,”shesaid.However,fornow,limitedresearchsuggestsitmaynotbeanybetterforweightlossthanreducingcalorieintakeoverthelongterm.“It’sreallyanotherwayoffoolingyourbodyintoeatinglesscalories,”saidKristaVarady,whostudiesintermittentfastingattheUniversityofIllinoisatChicago.CourtneyPeterson,oftheUniversityofAlabamaatBirmingham,alsostudiesintermittentfasting.Shesuggestedthebenefitsofintermittentfastingarenotasgreatassomemightsuggest.“Unfortunately,intermittentfastinggetsalittlehyped,”shesaid.Somehealthexpertssayintermittentfastingmightbetoodifficultformanypeople.Theypointtoastudyof100peoplewherethoseplacedinafastinggrouplostaboutthesameamountofweightasthoseondietsthatrestrictedcalories.Thefastinggrouphadadropoutrateof38percent,comparedwith29percentforthecaloric-restrictiondietgroup.Butintermittentfastingmaybeeasierforpeoplewhoalreadyskipmealswhentheyaretoobusy,saidVarady.Peopleinterestedinintermittentfastingshouldtalktotheirdoctorbeforetryingit.Healthexpertsdonotrecommendintermittentfastingforchildren,peopleonsomemedicationsandpeoplewithahistoryofeatingdisorders.9.Whatdointermittentfastingandotherdietshaveincommon?A.Theylimitwhatyoueat. B.Theylimitwhenyoueat.C.Theyhelppeopleloseweight D.Theyareonapart-timebasis.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hyped”inparagraph6mean?A.Ignored. B.Overstated. C.Welcomed. D.Rejected.11.Whichstatementisrightaccordingtothepassage?A.Intermittentfastingisveryeffective.B.Intermittentfastingisdifficultforallpeople.C.Peoplecantryintermittentfastingastheylike.D.Allpeoplearenotadvisedtodointermittentfasting.DLONDON(Reuters)–Organicfruit,deliveredrighttothedoorstep.ThatiswhatGabrielGoldprefers,andheiswillingtopayforit.Ifthisisnotpossible,the26-year-oldcomputertechnicianwillspendtheextramoneyatthesupermarketbuyingorganicfood.“Organicproductisalwaysbetter,”Goldsaid.“Thefoodisfreeofpesticides(殺蟲劑),andyouaregenerallysupportingfamilyfarmsinsteadoflargefarms.Andmoreoftenthannotitislocallygrownandseasonal,soitistasty.”Goldisoneofthegrowingnumberofshoppersbuyingintotheorganictrend,andsupermarketsacrossBritainaredependingonmorelikehimastheygrowtheirorganicfoodbusiness.Buthowmanyshoppersreallyknowwhattheyaregetting,andwhyaretheywillingtopayahigherpricefororganicproduct?MarketresearchshowsthatGoldandotherswhobuyorganicfoodcangenerallygiveclearreasonsfortheirpreferences—buttheirknowledgeoforganicfoodisfarfromcomplete.Forexample,smallamountsofpesticidescanbeusedonorganicproduct.AndaboutthreequartersoforganicfoodinBritainisnotlocalbutimportedtomeetgrowingdemand.”Thedemandfororganicfoodisincreasingbyaboutonethirdeveryyear,soitisaveryfast-growingmarket,”saidSueFlock,aspecialistinthislineofbusiness.12.MoreandmorepeopleinBritainarebuyingorganicfoodbecause__________.A.theyaregettingricher.B.theycangetthefoodanywhere.C.theyconsiderthefoodfreeofpollution.D.theylikehome-grownfruit.13.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaboutmostorganicproductsoldinBritain?A.Itgrowsindoorsthroughouttheyear.B.ItisproducedoutsideBritain.C.Itisgrownonfamilyfarms.D.Itisproducedonlargefarms.14.Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedwords“theorganictrend”inthesecondparagraph?A.Growinginterestinorganicfood.B.BetterqualityoforganicfoodC.Risingmarketfororganicfood.D.Higherpricesoforganicfood.15.Whatisthebesttitleforthisnewsstory?A.Goodqualitiesoforganicfood.B.ThemakingoforganicfoodinBritain.C.Organicfood—toimportornot?D.Organicfood—healthy,orjustforthewealthy?A【答案】1.A2.D3.C4.A【解析】這是一篇爭(zhēng)論文。文章主要圍繞飲食為話題，講解并描述了科學(xué)家提出的人們每天必需的7類食品，而世界上不同國家和不同地方的人吃不同種類的東西，食物的烹飪和食用方式有很多種，同時(shí)提出了在飲食方面面臨的須要解決的問題。1.細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章第一段內(nèi)容“Theysaythatthereareseveralkindsoffoodthatpeopleshouldeateveryday,theyare:(1)greenandyellowvegetablesofallkinds;(2)citrusfruitsandtomatoes;(3)potatoesandotherfruitsandvegetables;(4)meatofallkinds,fishandeggs;(5)milkandfoodsmadefrommilk;(6)breadorcereal,riceisalsointhiskindoffood;(7)butter,orsomethinglikebutter.”可知，有幾種人們每天應(yīng)當(dāng)吃的食物，它們是：（1）各種各樣的綠色和黃色蔬菜；（2）柑橘類水果和番茄；（3）土豆和其他水果和蔬菜；（4）各種各樣的肉，魚和雞蛋；（5）牛奶和食物牛奶制成；（6）面包或谷物，大米；（7）黃油，或者類似的黃油。選項(xiàng)A“Chicken,apples,cerealandcabbages.”提到的食物為“雞肉、蘋果、麥片和卷心菜”包含在內(nèi)。故選A項(xiàng)。2.細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章其次段內(nèi)容“Peopleindifferentcountriesanddifferentplacesoftheworldeatdifferentkindsofthings.Foodsarecookedandeateninmanydifferentkindsofways.”可知，世界上不同國家和不同地方的人吃不同種類的東西，食物的烹飪和食用方式有很多種。故選D項(xiàng)。3.細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章末尾段內(nèi)容“Therearetwoproblems,then,infeedingthelargenumberofpeopleontheearth.Thefirstistofindsomewaystofeedtheworld’spopulationsothatnooneishungry.”可知，要養(yǎng)活地球上這么多的人須要解決的第一個(gè)問題是找到一些方法來養(yǎng)活世界人口，這樣就沒有人挨餓了。由此可知，還是有人挨餓的。因此選項(xiàng)C“Oneoftheproblemsisthatnooneishungry.(其中一個(gè)問題是沒有人挨餓。)”表述錯(cuò)誤。故選C項(xiàng)。4.推理推斷題。依據(jù)文章第三段中心主旨句“Therearetwoproblems,then,infeedingthelargenumberofpeopleontheearth.”可知，第三段提及了要養(yǎng)活地球上這么多的人就有兩個(gè)須要解決的問題。由此推知，第四段應(yīng)是談?wù)撊绾谓鉀Q這兩個(gè)問題。故選A項(xiàng)。B【答案】5.A6.C7.D8.C【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了什么是超加工食品，以及探討人員指出，美國人攝入的卡路里中有近58%來自于超加工食品。一項(xiàng)探討發(fā)覺，每天攝入超加工食品10%的人患癌癥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)會(huì)增加12%，患乳腺癌的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)會(huì)增加11%。同時(shí)分析了過度加工食品導(dǎo)致癌癥風(fēng)險(xiǎn)上升的準(zhǔn)確緣由，建議人們不要吃太多超加工食品。5.細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段Whatareultra-processedfoods?IfImadeflatbreadathome,Iwouldmakeitwithmaterialslikeflour,yeast,milk,butterandsalt.Ikeepwhole-grainflatbreadinmyfreezerbecauseitdeterioratesquickly.Healthymealsforsure.ButInormallybuythemfromthegrocerystore,andwhilethebrandIbuycontainsalmostthesamematerialsasahomemadeversion,italsoincludesthedextrose,typeofsugar,andsomeotheradditives(添加劑).Thenitcanbecalledanultra-processedone.可知什么是超加工食品？假如我在家里做面餅，我會(huì)用面粉、酵母、牛奶、黃油和鹽來做。我把全麥面包放在冰箱里，因?yàn)樗鼤?huì)很快變質(zhì)。這當(dāng)然是健康的飲食。但我通常是從雜貨店買的，雖然我買的牌子和自制的幾乎含有相同的材料，但它也含有葡萄糖、糖和一些其他添加劑。這樣就可以稱為超加工。由此可知，A選項(xiàng)“商店里的面包”屬于超加工食品。故選A。6.詞義揣測(cè)題。依據(jù)劃線詞上文Ikeepwhole-grainflatbreadinmyfreezerbecauseit可知作者把全麥面包放在冰箱里，因?yàn)槊姘芎?jiǎn)單變質(zhì)，須要冰箱來保存更長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。由此可知，劃線詞意思為“變質(zhì)”。A.Runsout.耗盡；B.Breaksout.爆發(fā)；C.Goesbad.變質(zhì)；D.Getsround.到處走走。故選C。7.細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第四段中Onetheoryisthatthefoodscontainhighlevelsofsalt,sugarandfat.Thosematerialshavebeenlinkedtooverweight,whichcanalsoleadtoagreaterriskofcancer.可知一種理論認(rèn)為，這些食物含