高考英語(yǔ)創(chuàng)新人教版講義必修四unit1

寫(xiě)作句型錘煉主體段落常用句型錘煉之十一：it作形式賓語(yǔ)先熟讀背誦——精彩句型爛熟于心1.IthinkitgreatfuntolearnthepoemswrittenintheTangDynastywithyou.我覺(jué)得和你一起學(xué)習(xí)唐詩(shī)是很有趣的。(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ·書(shū)面表達(dá))2.Parentsusuallyhavesuchhighexpectationsthattheirchildrenfindithardtoliveuptothem.(2016·上海卷·書(shū)面表達(dá))父母通常有如此高的期望值，以至于孩子覺(jué)得很難不辜負(fù)父母的期望。3.Iwouldappreciateitverymuchifyoucouldcheckthecontentsandformatforme.如果你能為我檢查一下內(nèi)容和格式，我將不勝感激。(2016·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ·書(shū)面表達(dá))4.Theyfeltitdifficulttofinishtheworkinsuchashorttime.他們認(rèn)為在這么短的時(shí)間內(nèi)完成這項(xiàng)工作是困難的。5.Theprofessorconsidersitnogoodreadingwithoutunderstanding.這位教授認(rèn)為閱讀而不理解沒(méi)有益處。后臨摹仿寫(xiě)——妙語(yǔ)佳句信手拈來(lái)1.我覺(jué)得應(yīng)邀在這兒演講是我的榮耀。I__think__it__my__honor__to__be__invited__to__speak__here.2.湯姆發(fā)現(xiàn)用漢語(yǔ)寫(xiě)信并不難。Tom__find__it__not__difficult__to__write__letters__in__Chinese.3.會(huì)議取消了我們都感到很遺憾。We__all__thought__it__a__pity__that__the__conference__should__have__been__cancelled.

Ⅰ.重點(diǎn)單詞—識(shí)記·聯(lián)想·運(yùn)用[會(huì)書(shū)寫(xiě)]一、核心單詞1.worthwhileadj.值得的；值得做的2.respectvt.&n.尊敬；尊重；敬意3.supportn.&vt.支持；擁護(hù)4.kindnessn.仁慈；好意5.delivervt.遞送；生(小孩兒)；接生；發(fā)表(演說(shuō)等)6.modestadj.謙虛的；謙讓的；適度的二、閱讀單詞1.projectn.項(xiàng)目；工程；規(guī)劃2.campaignn.運(yùn)動(dòng)；戰(zhàn)役vi.作戰(zhàn)；參加運(yùn)動(dòng)3.entertainmentn.款待；娛樂(lè)；娛樂(lè)表演4.crowdn.人群；觀眾vt.擠滿；使擁擠5.audiencen.觀眾；聽(tīng)眾；讀者6.emergencyn.突發(fā)事件；緊急情況7.generationn.一代，一輩三、拓展單詞1.achievementn.成就；功績(jī)→achievevt.完成；達(dá)到2.connectionn.連接；關(guān)系→connectvt.連接3.organizationn.組織；機(jī)構(gòu)；團(tuán)體→organizevt.組織4.behavevt.&vi.舉動(dòng)；(舉止或行為)表現(xiàn)→behaviourn.行為；舉止；習(xí)性5.observevt.觀察；觀測(cè)；遵守→observationn.觀察；觀測(cè)6.arguevt.&vi.討論；辯論；爭(zhēng)論→argumentn.爭(zhēng)論；爭(zhēng)辯；爭(zhēng)吵7.inspirevt.鼓舞；激發(fā)；啟示→inspiredadj.受到鼓舞的；有靈感的→inspiringadj.鼓舞人心的→inspirationn.鼓舞；靈感8.refervi.談到；查閱；參考→referencen.提及；涉及；參考；查閱9.intendvt.計(jì)劃；打算→intentionn.打算；目的；意圖10.considerateadj.考慮周到的→considerv.考慮；認(rèn)為→considerationn.考慮；體諒→consideringprep.考慮到[會(huì)積累]1.“鼓舞；激勵(lì)”動(dòng)詞家族①inspire鼓舞；激發(fā)②encourage鼓勵(lì)；激勵(lì)③motivate激發(fā)；激勵(lì)2.后綴-ment構(gòu)成的抽象名詞①adjustment調(diào)整②agreement協(xié)議③amusement娛樂(lè)，消遣④announcement宣布⑤appointment約定3.以-ency結(jié)尾的高頻名詞小結(jié)①emergency緊急情況②efficiency效率；功率③tendency趨向；趨勢(shì)④fluency流利；流暢4.-ation結(jié)尾高頻名詞集錦①inspiration靈感；鼓舞②civilization文明③expectation期望④adaptation適應(yīng)；改編本[會(huì)應(yīng)用]用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.AllthesitesarefreetothepublicandaccessibletoanyonewithanInternetconnection(connect).2.Itwasconsiderate(consider)ofyounottoplaythepianowhileIwasasleep.3.Iholdthefirmbeliefthatyouareboundtoachieveyourdreamofbeingadmittedtoakeyuniversity，whichwillgiveyouawonderfulsenseofachievement.(achieve)4.Withtheintentionofbeingfamousandrich，manyordinarypeopleintendtotakepartinsomeTVshows，suchasChineseDream.(intend)5.Therewasaheatedargumentaboutwhetherhewassuitablefortheposition，andmostofthepeoplearguedforhim.(argue)6.Thecrowdwentdirectlytotheaccidentscene，andthespotwascrowdedwithpeople.(crowd)7.Tombehavedwellattheparty；hisgoodbehaviordelightedhisparentsgreatly.(behave)Ⅱ.核心短語(yǔ)—識(shí)記·聯(lián)想·運(yùn)用[會(huì)書(shū)寫(xiě)]1.move__off離開(kāi)；起程；出發(fā)2.lead/live__a...life過(guò)著……的生活3.crowd__in(想法、問(wèn)題等)涌上心頭；涌入腦海4.look__down__upon/on蔑視；瞧不起5.refer__to查閱；參考；談到6.bychance碰巧；湊巧7eacross__(偶然)遇見(jiàn)；碰見(jiàn)8.carryon__繼續(xù)；堅(jiān)持9.devote...to...__獻(xiàn)身于……；專(zhuān)心于……10.workout__解決；鍛煉身體；結(jié)果是[會(huì)積累]1.“動(dòng)詞＋on”必備短語(yǔ)一覽①carryon繼續(xù)，堅(jiān)持②keepon繼續(xù)前進(jìn)/工作③liveon繼續(xù)存在，靠……為生④goon前進(jìn)，繼續(xù)⑤moveon繼續(xù)前進(jìn)⑥insiston堅(jiān)持⑦passon傳遞2.“查字典”的多種表達(dá)①lookupawordinadictionary②refertoadictionary③consultadictionary[會(huì)應(yīng)用]選用上表左欄短語(yǔ)填空1.SomeofthestudentshavealreadylearnedenoughEnglishtocarry__onaconversationwithanativespeaker.2.By__chancehefoundtheverybookhewasalwayslookingfor.3.Youshouldrespectthem；afterallnoonelikesbeinglooked__down__upon/on.4.Shetriedtosleep，buttoomanythoughtscrowded__inonher.5.Devoted__tohisresearchwork，thescientisthaslittletimetospendwithhisfamily.6.Please__refer__tothedictionaryifyoudon’tknowhowtopronouncetheword.Ⅲ.經(jīng)典句式—分析·背誦·仿寫(xiě)句型公式1：only在句首修飾作狀語(yǔ)的副詞或介詞短語(yǔ)時(shí)，句子要倒裝。[教材原句]Onlyafterhermothercametohelpherforthefirstfewmonthswassheallowedtobeginherproject.她母親頭幾個(gè)月來(lái)幫她的忙，這才使她得以開(kāi)始自己的計(jì)劃。[句型仿寫(xiě)]Onlywhenwehadstudiedthedataagaindid__we__realize__that__there__was__a__mistake.只有當(dāng)我們?cè)俅窝芯苛诉@些數(shù)據(jù)的時(shí)候，我們才意識(shí)到出了一個(gè)錯(cuò)。句型公式2：once引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“一旦……就……”。[教材原句]OnceIstop，itallescrowdinginandIrememberthechimpsinlaboratories.我一旦停下來(lái)，所有的一切都會(huì)涌上心頭，我就會(huì)想起實(shí)驗(yàn)室里的黑猩猩。[句型仿寫(xiě)]Failurecanmakeapositivecontributiontoyourlifeonce__you__learn__to__make__use__of__it.一旦學(xué)會(huì)了利用失敗，那么失敗就能為你的生活做出積極的貢獻(xiàn)。句型公式3：“Ithit(s)sb＋從句”表示“某人突然想起……”。[教材原句]Suddenlyithitmehowdifficultitwasforawomantogetmedicaltrainingatthattime.我突然想起在那個(gè)年代，一個(gè)女子去學(xué)醫(yī)是多么難。It__suddenly__hit__me__thatIhadleftmypassportonthetableinthekitchen.我突然想到我把護(hù)照落在廚房的桌子上了。句型公式4：Itis/was...that/who...強(qiáng)調(diào)句。[教材原句]Furtherreadingmademerealizethatitwashardworkanddeterminationaswellashergentlenaturethatgotherintomedicalschool.進(jìn)一步的閱讀使我了解到，是苦干、決心和善良的天性使她走進(jìn)了醫(yī)學(xué)院的大門(mén)。[句型仿寫(xiě)]It__was__your__help__and__kindness__thatmademystudyandlifeintheUKspecialandenjoyable.正是你的幫助和體貼讓我在英國(guó)的學(xué)習(xí)和生活既特別又快樂(lè)。Ⅳ.語(yǔ)段改錯(cuò)—回顧·修正·熱誦文中共有10處語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。JaneGoodallhadwantedtoworkwithanimalintheirownenvironmentsinceshewasachild.Butthiswasnoteasy.Whenshefirstarrivedinbein1960，itwasunusualofawomantoliveintheforest.However，withthehelpofhismother，shebeganherworkwiththechimps，whichhadchangedthewaythatpeoplethinkaboutchimps.Spendyearsobservingandrecordingtheirdailyactivities，Janediscoveredthatchimpshuntandeatmeat，againstthatpeopleusedtothink.Shealsodiscoveredhowchimpsmunicatetoeachother.Havingworkedwiththechimpsforyears，Janearguedthatwildanimalsshouldleftinthewildandnotusedforentertainmentoradvertisements.Shehasachievedeverythingshewantedtodo，butmoreimportant，shehasgottheworldtounderstandandrespectedthelivesofchimps.答案JaneGoodallhadwantedtoworkwitheq\f(animal,animals)intheirownenvironmentsinceshewasachild.Butthiswasnoteasy.Whenshefirstarrivedinbein1960，itwasunusualeq\f(of,for)awomantoliveintheforest.However，withthehelpofeq\f(his,her)mother，shebeganherworkwiththechimps，whicheq\a\vs4\al(had)changedthewaythatpeoplethinkaboutchimps.eq\f(Spend,Spending)yearsobservingandrecordingtheirdailyactivities，Janediscoveredthatchimpshuntandeatmeat，againsteq\f(that,what)peopleusedtothink.Shealsodiscoveredhowchimpsmunicateeq\f(to,with)eachother.Havingworkedwiththechimpsforyears，Janearguedthatwildanimalsshouldleftinthewildandnotusedforentertainmentoradvertisements.Shehasachievedeverythingshewantedtodo，butmoreeq\f(important,importantly)，shehasgottheworldtounderstandandeq\f(respected,respect)thelivesofchimps.[核心詞匯]1.behavevt.&vi.舉動(dòng)；(舉止或行為)表現(xiàn)(1)behavewell/badlyto/towardssb對(duì)待某人好/差behaveoneself守規(guī)矩；表現(xiàn)得體(2)well-behavedadj.表現(xiàn)好的badly-behavedadj.表現(xiàn)差的(3)behaviourn.舉止；行為①Janehasstudiedthesefamiliesofchimpsformanyyearsandhelpedpeopleunderstandhowmuchtheybehave__like__humans.(教材原句)簡(jiǎn)研究這些黑猩猩家族已經(jīng)很多年了，她幫助人們了解了黑猩猩跟人類(lèi)的行為是多么相似。②Ifparentsdonotteachtheirchildhowtobehave__himself，hewilldoanythingatwill.如果父母不教給他們的孩子如何守規(guī)矩，他做任何事情會(huì)我行我素。③Ithinkallofusshouldmindourbehaviour(behave)inpublicplaces.我認(rèn)為我們大家都應(yīng)該注意在公共場(chǎng)所的行為舉止。2.observevt.觀察；觀測(cè)；注意到；遵守；慶祝[一詞多義]寫(xiě)出下列句中observe的含義①Shespentyearsobservingandrecordingtheirdailyactivities.(教材原句)觀察②Thoughhavinglivedabroadforyears，manyChinesestillobservethetraditionalcustoms.遵守③ThanksgivingDayisobservedasageneralholidaybytheAmericanpeople.慶祝④Thethiefwasobservedtoopenthewindowandrunaway.注意到(1)observeChristmas/NewYear’sDay/festivals慶祝圣誕/元旦/節(jié)日observeeq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(sbdoingsth觀察/注意到某人在做某事,（強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作在進(jìn)行）,sbdosth觀察/注意到某人做過(guò),某事（強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作過(guò)程）,that/wh-clause觀察到……；注意到))(2)observationn.觀察；注意；監(jiān)視⑤Itiseverybody’sdutytoobservethemkeep(keep)oursocietyinorderandgoingontherighttrack.(2015·江蘇卷·書(shū)面表達(dá))監(jiān)督他們維持社會(huì)秩序并靠右行駛是每一個(gè)人的責(zé)任。3.arguevi.&vt.討論；辯論；爭(zhēng)辯；說(shuō)服(1)arguefor...為……而爭(zhēng)論；為……而辯護(hù)argueagainst爭(zhēng)辯(反對(duì)……)arguewithsbon/about/oversth與某人爭(zhēng)辯某事arguesbinto/outofdoingsth說(shuō)服某人做/不做某事arguethat...提出理由說(shuō)明；主張……(2)argumentn.爭(zhēng)論；爭(zhēng)辯；論點(diǎn)beyondargument無(wú)可辯解①Shehasarguedthatwildanimalsshould__be__left(leave)inthewildandnotusedforentertainmentoradvertisements.(教材原句)她主張應(yīng)該讓野生動(dòng)物留在野外生活，而不能用于娛樂(lè)或廣告。②Wetriedmanywaysto__argue__him__intofollowingouradvice，butinvain.我們想盡各種辦法說(shuō)服他接受我們的建議，但都是徒勞。③Somearguedthatattention(should)__be__paid(pay)toourheavyroadtraffic.(2015·江蘇卷·書(shū)面表達(dá))一些人主張應(yīng)該多注意我們擁堵的道路交通。[名師指津]arguethat...意為“主張……”時(shí)，that從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣“(should)do”形式。[聯(lián)想發(fā)散]表示“說(shuō)服……做……”的其他表達(dá)：①persuadesbtodosth②persuadesbintodoingsth③convincesbtodosth④talksbintodoingendvt.計(jì)劃；打算(1)intenddoing/todosth打算做某事intendsbtodosth打算讓某人做某事eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(hadintendedtodosth,intendedtohavedonesth))本來(lái)打算做某事(2)beintendedtodosth/forsth專(zhuān)門(mén)為……；專(zhuān)門(mén)給……①I(mǎi)lookedcarefullyatthetextandrealizedthatitwas__intended__forwomeninthecountryside.(教材原句)我仔細(xì)地看了這篇文章，了解到那是專(zhuān)門(mén)為農(nóng)村婦女寫(xiě)的。②I’mwritingtotellyoumyexcitingplanforthesummerholiday.Iintend__to__join/joining(join)aDragonBoatTrainingCamp.(2015·北京卷·書(shū)面表達(dá))我寫(xiě)信告訴你我暑假令人興奮的計(jì)劃，我打算參加龍舟訓(xùn)練營(yíng)。③Wehad__intended(intend)toarriveatourdestinationat9o’clock，butwedidn’tbecauseofthetrafficjam.我們本來(lái)打算在9點(diǎn)鐘到達(dá)目的地，但是由于交通堵塞我們晚點(diǎn)了。5.supportn.&vt.支持；擁護(hù)[高考佳句]Fromdawntodusk，heworkscountlesshourstosupportourfamily.從早到晚，為了養(yǎng)活我們一家人，他沒(méi)日沒(méi)夜地工作。(1)supportsb/afamily支持某人/贍養(yǎng)家庭supportsbin(doing)sth在(做)某事方面支持某人supportoneself自力更生(2)insupportofsb/sth支持或支援某人/某物①Janewaspermittedtobeginherworkafterhermothercameto__support__her.(教材原句)簡(jiǎn)在媽媽來(lái)幫助她之后才得到允許開(kāi)始工作。②Hehadtodoanextrajobafterwork，forhehadabigfamily__to__support(support).他下班后得從事另外的工作，因?yàn)樗幸淮蠹胰艘B(yǎng)活。③Severalexpertshavespokenin__support__ofthebanondrunkdriving.幾位專(zhuān)家都表示支持禁止酒后駕車(chē)。6.lookdownupon/on蔑視；輕視；瞧不起lookupto尊敬；仰視lookforwardto盼望；期待lookinto調(diào)查；觀察；窺視lookup抬頭看；查閱lookbackon回顧①Therefore，thereisnoreasonforusto__look__down__upon/onordinaryjobs.因此，我們沒(méi)有理由輕視普通的工作。②Itisreportedthatthepolicewillsoonlook__intothecaseoftwomissingchildren.據(jù)報(bào)道，警察即將要調(diào)查這兩名失蹤兒童的案件。③Iliketolook__back__onmyhighschooldays，whichwerethehappiestinmylife.我喜歡回顧我的中學(xué)時(shí)代，那是我生命中最快樂(lè)的時(shí)光。7.referto談到；參考；查閱；提及；涉及[一詞多義]寫(xiě)出下列句中referto的含義①I(mǎi)fyoudon’tknowtheexactmeaningoftheword，youmayrefertothedictionary.查閱②Yournotesareexcellentmaterialstorefertowhenyouarestudyingforatest.參考③Wehavereachedanagreementthatwewillnotrefertothematteragain.提及④Thenewlawdoesnotrefertolandusedforfarming.涉及(1)referto...as...把……稱(chēng)作……refer...to...把……提交給……(以求獲得幫助)(2)referencen.言及；提及；參考；查閱in/withreferenceto關(guān)于⑤SomepeoplerefertothecolorofApple’sgold-colorediPhoneas“tuhaogold”.一些人將蘋(píng)果公司的金色iPhone的顏色稱(chēng)為“土豪金”。⑥Thetextbooksanddictionariescanbeusedasreference(refer)bookswhilethemagazinesserveasreadingmaterials.(2015·天津卷·書(shū)面表達(dá))課本和字典可以用作參考書(shū)而雜志可作為閱讀材料。[名師指津]lookup表示“參考；查閱”時(shí)，其賓語(yǔ)多為word，information等；而referto表示“參考；查閱”時(shí)，其賓語(yǔ)多為book，dictionary等。[重點(diǎn)句型]1.Suddenlyit__hit__me__howdifficultitwasforawomantogetmedicaltrainingatthattime.我突然想起在那個(gè)年代，一個(gè)女子去學(xué)醫(yī)是多么難。句中使用了“Ithit(s)me＋從句”結(jié)構(gòu)，意思是“我突然想到……”，it在句中作形式主語(yǔ)。類(lèi)似的結(jié)構(gòu)還有：Itoccurs/occurredtosbthat...(某人)突然想到……Itstrikes/strucksbthat...(某人)突然想到……Ithappens/happenedthat...碰巧……①I(mǎi)thitmethatthephonenumberIhadtoldthemwaswrong.→ItstruckmethatthephonenumberIhadtoldthemwaswrong.→ItoccurredtomethatthephonenumberIhadtoldthemwaswrong.我忽然想到我告訴他們的號(hào)碼是錯(cuò)的。②Ithappenedthattheyspenttheirchildhoodinthesamevillage.碰巧他們的童年是在同一個(gè)村子度過(guò)的。2.OnceIstop，itallescrowdinginandIrememberthechimpsinlaboratories.我一旦停下來(lái)，所有的一切都會(huì)涌上心頭，我就會(huì)想起實(shí)驗(yàn)室里的黑猩猩。once引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“一旦……就……”①Wemustunderstandthatahabitisdifficultandsometimesalmostimpossibletogetridofonce__it__is__formed.我們必須明白：習(xí)慣一旦形成，就很難，甚至有時(shí)幾乎不可能改掉。②Oncebroadcast(broadcast)，theTVplaywillbeverypopularwithyoungpeople.一旦開(kāi)播，這部電視劇就會(huì)很受年輕人的歡迎。[名師指津]如果once引導(dǎo)的從句的主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)一致，且從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞含有be動(dòng)詞的某種形式時(shí)，或從句為“itbe...”形式時(shí)，從句中的“主語(yǔ)＋be”或“itbe”可以省略。[當(dāng)堂達(dá)標(biāo)]Ⅰ.單詞拼寫(xiě)1.Anyonecanbeavictimofroadaccidentsifhedoesn’tobserve(遵守)trafficregulations.2.Havingalargefamilytosupport(支撐；養(yǎng)活)，hetookuptwopart-timejobsinhissparetime.3.Heissuchagreatmanthatallofusshowourrespect(尊敬)forhim.4.Hethinksitworthwhile(值得的)todevoteallhislifetoteachingsincehehaswongreatrespectfromhisstudents.5.Whencustomersplaceanorderwithus，theirordershouldbedelivered(運(yùn)送)withinaweek.6.Noneofushadseenanemergency(緊急情況)likethisandwewereallterrified.7.Yesterdaythepolicebeganacampaign(行動(dòng))tostoptakingdrugs.8.Inspired(鼓舞)bythespeech，thelittlegirlmadeuphermindtoworkevenharder.9.Whatdoyouintend(打算)todowhenyouhavefinishedyourstudiesintheUK?10.MyparentslovedmeverymuchandIhadaveryhappychildhood(童年).Ⅱ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1.Theteacherinspireshisstudentsto__give(give)theiropinionsactivelyeveniftheyaredifferentfromhisown.2.Thelittleboy’sbadbehaviour(behave)atthepartymadehisparentsupset.3.Withourteachersupporting(support)us，wefeelquiteencouraged.4.Ideeplyappreciateyourkindness(kind)iningsofartomeetme.5.Hewasunhappybecausemanypeoplearguedagainsthisplan.6.Youshouldreferthismattertoourteacherforadecision.7.WeallknowthatYuanLongpingisfamousforhisscientificachievements(achieve).8putershavereplacedtelevisionsasourmostpopularformofentertainment(entertain).9.Doyoubelievethatthere’saconnection(connect)betweensmokingandheartdisease?10.Doyouwanttogetthisbookdelivered(deliver)toyourhouseorwouldyouprefertoetotheshopforityourself?Ⅲ.單句改錯(cuò)1.Themealover，themanagerswentbacktothemeetingroomtocarryouttheirdiscussion.out→on2.IoftenlookatthewordsIdon’tknowinthedictionaryorontheInternet.at→up3.Itdidn’toccurhimthatshewouldrefusehisinvitation.occur后加to4.Youpromisedtodeliverthegoodsforourpanyimmediately，butwehaven’tseenanyofthemyet.for→to5.Acrowdofchildrenwaspassingmyhouse，singingandlaughing.was→were6.Howdiditeacrossthathumansspeaksomanydifferentlanguages？across→about7.Iintendedtocatchtheearlytrain，butIdidn’tgetupinended前加had8.Themanwasobservedenterthebankbythepolice.enter前加toⅣ.補(bǔ)全句子/一句多譯/句型轉(zhuǎn)換1.WhenIhaveadifferentopinion，Imaychoosetogiveitupandrespect__the__opinion__of__the__majority.(2015·浙江卷·書(shū)面表達(dá))當(dāng)我有不同意見(jiàn)時(shí)，我可能選擇放棄我的意見(jiàn)并尊重大多數(shù)人的意見(jiàn)。2.ToimproveourEnglishandgetmorestudentsinterestedinEnglish，Iintend__to__organize__some__activities__at__school.為了提高我們的英語(yǔ)水平，讓更多的學(xué)生對(duì)英語(yǔ)感興趣，我打算在學(xué)校組織一些活動(dòng)。3.Onlybystudyinghardwill__you__make__progress__in__your__study.只有通過(guò)努力學(xué)習(xí)你才能在學(xué)習(xí)上取得進(jìn)步。4.說(shuō)服農(nóng)民相信科學(xué)種田是我們的任務(wù)。①I(mǎi)tisourtaskto__argue__the__peasants__into__believingscientificfarming.(argue)②To__persuade__the__peasants__into__believing/to__believe__scientificfarmingisourtask.(persuade)③Ourtaskisto__talk__the__peasants__into__believingscientificfarming.(talk)5.Oncehewasburiedinsomething，hewouldclosehisearstoanything.(狀語(yǔ)從句的省略)→Onceburiedinsomething，hewouldclosehisearstoanything.[課下作業(yè)]ABeforeshewasQueenofEngland，PrincessElizabethwantedtojointheAuxiliaryTerritorialService(A.T.S.)，afemalebranchoftheBritishmilitary.ItwasWorldWarⅡ，andwomenworkedatjobstraditionallyheldbymen，whowerenowoverseasfighting.Elizabethwasateenagerandfirsthadtoconvinceherparentsaboutherplan.Herfather，KingGeorgeⅥ，thoughtitwastoodangerous.ButPrincessElizabethwouldnottakenoforananswer.“Ioughttodoasothergirlsofmyagedo，”shesaidfirmly.Aftersomemonths，herparentsfinallyagreedtoletherjoin.PrincessElizabethdidnotreceiveanyspecialtreatmentintheA.T.S.TheonlythingdifferentwasthatshereturnedtoWindsorCastleeachnighttosleep.WhenshearrivedattheA.T.S.campdepot(兵站)forherfirstdayoftraining，PrincessElizabethwasgreetedbyacarwithitswheelsoff.Intheweeksthatfollowed，shelearnedtotakeapartanengineandthenassemble(裝配)it.Theprincesslovedthetraining，admitting，“I’mamechanicatlast.”P(pán)rincessElizabethworkedoncar，truck，andeventankengines.Shealsolearnedtoreadmapsanddriveofficertransportcars，ambulances，andmilitarytrucks.TopleteherA.T.S.training，shewasrequiredtodriveabigtruckonherown.Thekingandqueenthoughtdrivingatruckwastoodangerous，butbeforetheycouldletherknowhowtheyfelt，theydiscoveredElizabethdrivingatruckontothepalacegrounds.ShehaddrivenfromtheA.T.S.campthroughthebusyLondonstreetsallbyherself.PrincessElizabethbecameHerRoyalMajestyQueenElizabethⅡin1952.Nowinhereighties，shestilldrives.QueenElizabethloveshorsesandstillridesfourtimeseachweek.Shealsoactivelymanagesherestate(莊園)farmatBalmoralandisoftenseenhikingthroughthecountrysidethere.【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是記敘文。彬彬有禮、慈祥和藹的英國(guó)女王伊麗莎白二世曾經(jīng)還是一位會(huì)調(diào)試引擎、修理輪胎的“女漢子”。1.WhatcanwelearnaboutwomeninEnglandduringWorldWarⅡ？A.MostofthemjoinedtheA.T.S.B.Mostofthemservedinthearmy.C.Theywereallwillingtogooverseas.D.Theywereallowedtodomen’sjobs.答案D[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段中的“womenworkedatjobstraditionallyheldbymen，whowerenowoverseasfighting”可知，二戰(zhàn)期間的英國(guó)婦女被允許在男性崗位上工作。]2.HearingPrincessElizabeth’splantojointheA.T.S.，KingGeorgeⅥinitially________.A.rejectedherrequestB.thoughthighlyofherC.gavehersomespecialtreatmentD.advisedhertodowhatothergirlsdid答案A[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段中的“KingGeorgeⅥ，thoughtitwastoodangerous.ButPrincessElizabethwouldnottakenoforananswer”可知，起初喬治六世國(guó)王拒絕了伊麗莎白公主想要參加A.T.S.的請(qǐng)求。]3.WhenservingintheA.T.S.，PrincessElizabeth________.A.becameanautomechanicB.wasinchargeoftheA.C.preferredtodrivethosebigtrucksD.wasrequiredtostaytherealldaylong答案A[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第四段中的“shelearnedtotakeapartanengineandthenassembleit”和第五段中的“PrincessElizabethworkedoncar，truck，andeventankengines”可知，在A.T.S.服役期間，伊麗莎白公主學(xué)會(huì)了拆卸各種汽車(chē)引擎，儼然變成了一位汽車(chē)修理工。第四段的I’mamechanicatlast也是提示。]4.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeyoungPrincessElizabeth?A.Cautiousandfriendly.B.Determinedandbrave.C.Ambitiousandsensitive.D.Generousandconsiderate.答案B[推理判斷題。由第二段伊麗莎白公主經(jīng)過(guò)數(shù)月說(shuō)服父母同意她參軍可知，她意志力堅(jiān)定；再根據(jù)第五、六段描述伊麗莎白公主獨(dú)自開(kāi)卡車(chē)可知，她膽子很大。]B(2018·南昌十校二模)IhateBlackFridaysales.It’softenagatheringofpeoplewhoarethereformanydifferentreasons.Somearelookingforadealonthatoneitemfortheirlovedone，orperhapsthemselves.Theirintentionsarepletelyunrelatedtothefestivetimeoftheyear.ItwasseveralyearsagowhenmywifeaskedmetomeetheratthelocaldepartmentstoreonBlackFridaymorning.Theyhadadvertisedachild’sbikethatshewantedtopurchaseforourson.Westoodwithaverylargecrowd，waitingforthemanagertoblowthewhistle.Afterawhilethewhistleblew.Itwaslikethrowingabucketofsmallfishintoatankofsharks.Itoldmywifethatifweobtainedabike，fine，butifwedidnot，IwasOKwiththattoo.Asthepileofbikesbegantograduallydecreaseinsize，Isawmypoliteopportunitytowrapmyhandsaroundthecornerofoneoftheboxes.Ilifteditupandsuddenlyfeltsomemildresistance.IlookeduptoseeoneofthelargestgentlemenIhadeverseeninmylife.Frighteningwasnotthewordtodescribehispresence.Heworelotsofbeltsofmetalstuddedleatheraroundbotharmsandevenhisneck.Tattoos(文身)wereanobviouspassionofhis.Istartedtogiveuptheboxbuthegentlypusheditbackinmydirectionandbackintomyhands.Hethendirecteditintomyshoppingcart.Helookedatme，smiled，andsaid，“MerryChristmas.”MywifeandIwenttothecheckout，paidforthebikeandwenthome.AllthewayhomeIwasthinkingthatthismomentwasbyfarthebestgiftIhadeverreceivedforChristmas.Thekindnessofastrangerbrokeallpreconceivednotions(預(yù)想)Imayhavehadofstereotypesandprejudices.【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇記敘文。作者和妻子想在黑色星期五大搶購(gòu)時(shí)給兒子買(mǎi)輛自行車(chē)，無(wú)奈百貨商店里人山人海。作者本想放棄，沒(méi)想到一個(gè)陌生人把自行車(chē)盒子讓給了他。這讓作者改變了之前對(duì)他人的偏見(jiàn)。5.Howdidtheauthorfeelwhengoingintothestore?A.Thecrowdwaslikesmallfish.B.Theymightnotgetthebike.C.Hewasexcitedtodotheshopping.D.Thewhistlewasblowntoolate.答案B[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Itoldmywifethatifweobtainedabike，fine，butifwedidnot，IwasOKwiththattoo.”可知作者進(jìn)入商店時(shí)已經(jīng)做好了買(mǎi)不到自行車(chē)的打算，故選B。]6.Whathappenedwhentheauthorwasbuyingthebike?A.Hewasscaredbyaman’slookatfirst.B.Agentlemanboughtthebikeforhim.C.Astrangerhelpedhimliftthebox.D.Hegaveupthebikehefirsttouched.答案A[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“IlookeduptoseeoneofthelargestgentlemenIhadeverseeninmylife.Frighteningwasnotthewordtodescribehispresence.”可知，“嚇人”這個(gè)詞已經(jīng)不足以形容這個(gè)人的出現(xiàn)了。故選A。]7.Whatdidtheauthorlearnfromtheexperience?A.Lookbeforeyouleap.B.Customisasecondnature.C.Doingisbetterthansaying.D.Don’tjudgeabookbyitscover.答案D[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中對(duì)陌生人的描寫(xiě)可知，作者一開(kāi)始因陌生人的外表而覺(jué)得他是個(gè)可怕的人；根據(jù)第四段的內(nèi)容可知，陌生人把盒子讓給了作者，作者由此發(fā)出感慨“Thekindnessofastrangerbrokeallpreconceivednotions(預(yù)想)Imayhavehadofstereotypesandprejudices.”，即陌生人的善意打破了作者對(duì)他人的偏見(jiàn)，讓作者知道不能以貌取人。]8.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.BlackFridaysalesB.Myson’sbestbikeC.ThebestChristmasgiftD.Astrangegentleman答案C[標(biāo)題歸納題。文章講述了作者和妻子為兒子買(mǎi)自行車(chē)作為圣誕禮物時(shí)受到了陌生人的幫助的故事，作者認(rèn)為那一時(shí)刻是他收到過(guò)的最好的圣誕節(jié)禮物。故C項(xiàng)為最佳標(biāo)題。]CIt’sbeenagoodweekfornewparents:SinceTuesday，threemajorcorporationshavechangedtheirparentalleavepoliciestoreducepressureonemployeesstrugglingtobalanceworkandlifewithanewbaby.Thenewprogram，whichwilltakeeffectinNovember，offersupto16weeksoffullypaidleavetoprimarycaregiversand10weeksofmedicalleaveforchildbirth，totaling26weeksforabirthmotherwhoisherchild’sprimarycaregiver.AccordingtoTheWallStreetJournal，non-primarycaregiverswillreceiveupto14weeksofpaidleave.“IntheUS，governmentmandates(命令)forpaidleavearecurrentlyslimtononexistent，”Ms.Morrissaid.“Thatmeanspaniesmustseekthetoughbalancebetweensupportingemployeesduringmajorlifeeventsandmeetingbusinessgoals.Toooften，employeeshavenothadthesupporttheyneed.”DatafromtheBureauofLaborStatisticssayonly13percentoffull-timeworkersintheUnitedStateshadaccesstopaidfamilyleavein2012.WillisTowersWatsonbenefitsconsultantMaryTavarozzitoldReuterspaidleaveforAmericanmothersusuallylastsaroundamonth.AccordingtoTheNewYorkTimes，theUnitedStatesis