統(tǒng)考版2025屆高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)課時提能練38選修8Unit3Inventorsandinventions含解析新人教版

PAGE課時提能練(三十八)選修8Unit3InventorsandinventionsA：學(xué)問層面Ⅰ.語境語法填空A(考查派生詞)Mostpupilshave1．expectations(expect)thattheycanparticipateinvarietiesof2．practical(practice)activitiesoffcampus.Manystudent3．a(chǎn)ssociations(associate)oftenorganizesuchactivities,offeringgreat4．convenience(convenient)forthepupils.However,expertsandparentsare5．cautious(caution)aboutpupilstakingpartinsocialactivities.Pupilsare6．innocent(innocence),andtheyareeasilytakenin.Besides,manyoftenignoretheirsecuritywhen7．merrily(merry)involvedintheseactivities.Schoolsmustwarntheirpupilsnottotrustthosewhotakeinterestinthem8．a(chǎn)bruptly(abrupt)buthesitatetoshowtheir9．identification(identify)cards.B(考查動詞)Thereareamazingthingsaboutbabies.Theylearntoseeby10．distinguishing(distinguish)betweenareasoflightanddark.Theystarttousetheirwholehand11．toseize(seize)toysandobjectsaround5monthsofage.Theyarefound12．tapping(tap)onsmartphoneswhentheyareasyoungas6months.Someonesaysbabieslearntodothingsbecausecertainacts13．a(chǎn)reassociated(associate)withphysiological“drives”.However,thisisnotthecase.14．Bear(bear)inmindthatyourbabyiseagertoexperiencethejoyofsuccessjustlikeanadult.Torequestmoredetailsabouthowbabieslearn,you'rewelcome15．todial(dial)thephonenumber＋610894149099tocontactusatanytime.C(考查句型)Therebeingnocustomersatthishour,mymotherclosedhershop.Beforelongsheappearedinfrontofme.“Drinkthemilk16．beforeitbecomescoldandthengotosleep，”shesaidtome.Acompetitionwastotakeplacethenextday.17．Being(be)verygoodatsciencesubjects,Ihadagoodchanceofgaininghighgrades.18．Convinced(convince)thatIwouldnotletherdown,shestillexpectedmetosleepwellandrefreshmymindbeforethecompetition.“Don'tstayuptoolate,19．oryou'llfeeltiredtomorrow.”Ⅱ.語境短文改錯(短文中有7處錯誤)IhadlongedforachancetoliveinanAfricancountryforacoupleofyears.ThedayfinallycamethatIwassenttoworkinEgypt.However,thingsdon'tworkoutashadbeenexpected.OnlyafterIgottheredidIrealizedhowdifficultitwastoliveinacompletedifferentculture.Itwasnotjustmatterofgettingusedtoit.Youhadtolearnhowtointegrateyourselfintotheirsociety.SometimesIgotdiscouragedwithsituationsthatwentagainsttomybelieformywill.Livingabroadissomethingreallyworththoughtabout.【答案】IhadlongedforachancetoliveinanAfricancountryforacoupleofyears.Thedayfinallycameeq\f(that,when)IwassenttoworkinEgypt.However,thingseq\f(don't,didn't)workoutashadbeenexpected.OnlyafterIgottheredidIeq\f(realized,realize)howdifficultitwastoliveinaeq\f(complete,completely)differentculture.Itwasnotjusteq\o(\s\up7(∧),a)matterofgettingusedtoit.Youhadtolearnhowtointegrateyourselfintotheirsociety.SometimesIgotdiscouragedwithsituationsthatwentagainsteq\o(﹨,to)mybelieformywill.Livingabroadissomethingreallywortheq\f(thought,thinking)about.Ⅲ.依據(jù)提示補全句子1．你便利時就來看我。Comeandseemewheneveritisconvenientforyou．2．身邊應(yīng)多準(zhǔn)備一些開水，以備時常之需。Extraboiledwatershouldbekeptathandjustincaseitisneeded．3．冰加熱時會變成水。(狀語從句的省略)Whenheated，icecanbechangedintowater.4．我很少看到這么光明的月亮。RarelyhaveIseensuchabrightmoon.5．不要放棄，否則的話你會一事無成。Don'tgiveuporyouwillachievenothing．B：實力層面Ⅰ.閱讀理解A(2024·湖南省六校聯(lián)考)Whenyouthinkofbatteries，you'lllikelythinkaboutthempoweringupremotecontrols，cellphones，flashlightsandtoys.Butsomepeoplecarryabatteryaroundintheirbodytopowerapacemaker(起搏器)．Itisn'treallypleasantandeasytocarrybatteriesbecausetheyneedtobereplacedsooftenandtheycanleakpoisonouschemicals.Abattery-poweredpacemakermaybecomeathingofthepast，thankstoanewtechnologydevelopedbyUCLAresearchers:Abiologicalsupercapacitor(超級電容器)，whichisthinnerthanseveralhairs.TeamsofresearchersatUCLAandtheUniversityofConnecticutpublishedapaperinajournalexplainingtheirnewinvention.Thesupercapacitorismadefromacarbonmaterial，andcoatedwithhuman-likeproteinsthatactaselectrodes(電極)．Butwhatmakesthedevicedifferentisthatitispoweredbyanenergyharvesterthatchangesbodyheatandmovementinthebloodintoenergy.Thosetraditionalpacemakersaresixtoeightmillimetersthick.Theyaremuchbigger.Thenewsupercapacitor，which，duetoitslackofbattery，isonlyonemicrometerthick.This“l(fā)ittle”featurecouldbenefitthenewpacemaker'senergyefficiency，researchersstated.Furthermore，unlikeotherbatteriesusedinmedicaltreatments，thesupercapacitorcanbendandtwistinthebodywithoutsufferingdamage.Thoughthey'venotbeenwidelyusedinthemedicalworld，supercapacitorshavetheabilitytoserveasasaferandmoreefficientmedicaldevicethanthetraditionalbattery-operateddevices，theresearchersbelieve.“Inordertobeeffective，battery-freepacemakersmusthavesupercapacitorsthatcanget，storeandtransportenergy.However，commercialsupercapacitorsaretooslowtomakethemwork”，saidMaherEl-Kady，aUCLAresearcherandco-authorofthestudy.“Ourresearchfocusedonthecustom-designedsupercapacitortocaptureenergyeffectively，andfindingawaytomakeitexisttogethersuccessfullywiththehumanbody.”【語篇解讀】文章介紹了一項新的獨創(chuàng)——超級電容器。它不須要電池，而且尺寸更小、更平安，能更好地為起搏器供能。1．Whatdoweknowabouttraditionalpacemakers?A．Theyareverypopularwithusers.B．Theyarethinnerthanseveralhairs.C．Theycandoharmtotheusers'bodies.D．Theyarereallyconvenienttocarryaround.C[細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段第三句可知，傳統(tǒng)的起搏器須要常常更換電池，而且電池會泄漏有毒的化學(xué)物質(zhì)，因此它們對人身體有害。故選C。]2．Whatisspecialaboutthenewsupercapacitor?A．Ithaselectrodesontheoutside.B．Itismadefromakindofproteinmaterial.C．Ithelpssavethecarriers'moneyandenergy.D．Itcantransformtheenergyfromthebody.D[細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段可知，超級電容器是由一個能量采集器驅(qū)動的，該能量采集器將身體熱量和血液中的運動轉(zhuǎn)化為能量，即轉(zhuǎn)化來自身體的能量，故選D。]3．Whichofthefollowingmakesthenewpacemakerenergy-efficient?A．Thesmallsize.B．Thesmallbattery.C．Theenergyharvester.D．Thebendingandtwistingcharacters.A[細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容，尤其是“This‘little’featurecouldbenefitthenewpacemaker'senergyefficiency”可知，這種“小”的特征有利于新起搏器的能效，即使它節(jié)能，故選A。]【干擾項分析】此題易誤選C項。由第2題的解析可知，能量采集器轉(zhuǎn)化來自身體的能量從而驅(qū)動超級電容器，未提到其幫助新起搏器節(jié)能。4．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．ABattery-poweredPacemakerIsHarmingPeople'sBodyB．ANewPacemakerThatDoesn'tNeedtoUseBatteriesC．PeopleTodayAren'tWillingtoUsetheTraditionalPacemakerD．UCLAResearchersAreCommittedtotheMedicalEquipmentB[標(biāo)題推斷題。通讀全文可知，本文介紹了一項新的獨創(chuàng)，即用于起搏器的超級電容器，這種電容器不須要電池，故選B項。]B(2024·北京市西城區(qū)統(tǒng)一測試)Storeownershavebeeninventingnewtrickstogetconsumersintotheirstoresandpurchasingtheirgoods.Evenaswefindnewstrategiestoresist，neuroscientists(神經(jīng)科學(xué)家)areemployedatmarketingagenciesacrossthecountrytobestfigureoutwhatisgoingthroughaconsumer'sbrainateachpointinthedecisionprocess.Weconsumersoverspendduetothefactthatwehaveafearofmissingthereallygooddealorhavingtopaymoreforthesamethingandlosemoney.Normally，theprefrontalcortex(額葉前皮層)controlsouremotionalreactionstothings，andkeepsusfromactingunreasonablybycalmingdownourfears.Butanadvertisercandisturbourprefrontalcortexjustbydisplayingflashydealsigns，encouragingittodomathonhowmuchmoneywemightsavenowbybuyingmoreofsomethingwedon'tactuallyneedyet.Nostalgia，thatregretfulaffectionforpastevents，isanotherstronginfluenceduringtheholidayseason，andit'sshapedbyemotion.Emotion—whethergoodorbad—enhancestheformationofmemories，engagingmorepartsofthebrain.Sohearinganephewsingingacarol，forinstance，mightreawakenmemoriesassociatedwiththatparticularsonginamuchmorepowerfulwaythanhearingthatsamenephewsinganothersong.Thesekindsofmemoriesarebroughtbackevenmoreeasilybysensoryinput.Thismightbewhyweareoftengreetedbyasensoryremindereverywherewegoinamonth.Whereveryoupurchasegifts，therearesocialinfluencesonwhatyoubuyaswell.Theholidaysareatimewhenweareespeciallyconditionedtopaymoreforthelabelbecausewe'rebuyinggifts.Receivingabrand-namegiftsendsthemessagethat“thispersonhasspentmoreonme，soheorshemustvaluememore”．Anditmakessense.Iftwothingsseemprettymuchthesame，howdoIknowwhichtochoose?Humanshavesurvivedasasocialspecies，andwehavetorelyoneachother.Sowhenourbrainsaretryingtomakedecisions，oneoftheshortcutsistoassumethatifalotofotherpeopleprefersomething(andhighercostisoftenapredictorofthat)，thentheremustbeareason.Muchofourholidayspendingisdrivenbyunplannedpurchases.Planahead，resisttheurgetopurchaseinamoment，makenotesforcomparisonshopping，andifthedealisactuallygood，thenitwillstandtheinspectionandyou'llfeelgoodaboutyourpurchaseslater.Beforeyoublowyourbudgetthisseason，rememberthatyourbrainmightbefoolingyouintopurchasingthethingsyoudon'tneed.【語篇解讀】本文主要從三個方面分析了引起消費者過度消費的因素，即我們膽怯 失去真正好的交易或膽怯 不得不花費更多的錢買同樣的東西、懷舊之情以及社交的影響。5．FromParagraph2，welearnthat________.A．theprefrontalcortexisthecalculationcenterB．thecommonconsumersalwaysactunreasonablyC．thesightofflashydealsignsmayfillconsumerswithfearD．theadvertisersmakeconsumerspaymoreforthesamethingC[推理推斷題。依據(jù)其次段中的“wehaveafearofmissingthereallygooddealorhavingtopaymoreforthesamethingandlosemoney”和“Butanadvertisercandisturbourprefrontalcortex...wedon'tactuallyneedyet”可推知，看到惹眼的交易標(biāo)記會使消費者心中充溢擔(dān)憂，故選C。]6．AccordingtoParagraph3，whichofthefollowingcanworkonconsumers?A．Creatingafestivalatmosphere.B．Followingthecurrentfashion.C．Preparingmorefreesamples.D．Offeringabiggerdiscount.A[推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三段中的“Nostalgia，thatregretfulaffectionforpastevents，isanotherstronginfluenceduringtheholidayseason，andit'sshapedbyemotion”并結(jié)合本段中舉的例子可推知，節(jié)日氛圍會激發(fā)消費者的懷舊之情，刺激他們消費，故A項正確。]7．Whydowebuybrand-namegiftsduringtheholiday?A．Theyaremorereliable.B．Theyareasignofsocialstatus.C．Theymakepeoplefeelvalued.D．Theyarefavoredbymostpeople.C[細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第四段中的“Receivingabrand-namegiftsendsthemessagethat‘thispersonhasspentmoreonme，soheorshemustvaluememore’”可知，人們買品牌禮物是為了讓對方感覺自己很受重視，故選C。]8．Toavoidoverspending，theauthorsuggestswe________.A．buyinamomentB．reduceourbudgetC．returnunnecessaryproductsD．makeaplaninadvanceD[細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)最終一段中的“Planahead，resisttheurgetopurchaseinamoment，makenotesforcomparisonshopping”可知，為了避開超支，作者建議人們在購物時要提前進(jìn)行安排，故D選項正確。]Ⅱ.完形填空(2024·蘭州市高三診斷考試)Iwasstandinginaclassofwild14-year-oldgirlsastheythrewpaperandhowled(大聲叫喊)withlaughter.Theywouldn't1me.Iwas23andIdidn'tknowwhatIwasdoing.Ineverwantedto2．Iwantedtobeawriter.ButwhenIarrivedinLondon，theywereshortofteachers，notwriters.Myeffortstoteachwere3．Whenthebellfinallyrang，Irushedtothestaffroom，redwithanger.Theotherteachersweren't4.“That's4B，theworstclassinschool，”onesaid.Idreaded(膽怯 )ournext5，butIcouldn'tgiveup.Ineededthejob.So，I6formallessons.Instead，Ibrought7forclassdiscussions.Oneoftheliveliesttalkswasabouttheargumentstheyhadwiththeirparents.Theypaidattentionandsharedabouttheirlives.Iwas8．SoIhadthemwriteaboutthemselves.Mostwroteaboutfamilieswithlittlemoneyandbigproblems.Astimewenton，theiressaysbecamea9betweenus.Iadmiredtheirhumor，toughnessandinsight，andIthoughtthey10myinterestintheirlives.ThemusicalMyFairLadywasplayingintheWestEnd，buttheyhadneverseena11stageperformance.TheylivedjustafewsubwaystopsfromtheWestEnd，butnonehadeverbeenthere.Iaskedifthey'dliketoseethemusical.TheythoughtIwas12．Noteacherhadever13takingthemout.Afewweekslater，4BandIweresittingina14．Theylovedthemusic，thecostumesandthecharacters.Itwasthe15oftheiryear，andtheytalkedaboutitfordays.Neartheendofthesemester，someoneknockedonthedoorofthestaffroom.Thetwomostrebellious(叛逆的)girlsin4Bwerethere—withflowers.IwasproudtoknowIhad16theirlives.Ienjoyedteachingandgettingalongwith17．WhenIreturnedtoAustraliaseveralyearslater，Istillwantedtobea18.Forthefirsttimeinmylife，Istopped19andstartedwriting.MyfirststorywastitledMyFairLadies.Teachingwasn'tthe20ofmywritingcareer；itwasthebeginning.【語篇解讀】“我”想做一名作家，但是倫敦缺的是老師，于是“我”做了一名老師。由于帶了全校最差的班級，起先時“我”不知所措。后來“我”變更了常規(guī)的授課方式，激勵學(xué)生們寫自己經(jīng)驗的故事，帶她們?nèi)ビ^賞音樂劇。“我”的行為觸動了她們的內(nèi)心……1．A.listento B．hearaboutC．catchupwith D．takecareofA[依據(jù)上文可知，這些女生扔紙并大聲談笑；依據(jù)下文可知，23歲的“我”不知所措；據(jù)此可以推斷，這些女生不聽我講話；A項意為“聽……”，故A項正確。]2．Amunicate B．teachC．discuss D．workB[依據(jù)下文可知，“我”想要當(dāng)一名作家；上文提到，對這群在教室里高聲談笑的女生“我”一籌莫展，據(jù)此可以推知，“我”不準(zhǔn)備教學(xué)，B項意為“教學(xué)”，故B項正確。]3．A.successful B．persistentC．unforgettable D．hopelessD[依據(jù)下文可知，我氣得臉都紅了，同事告知我說這個班是最差的班；據(jù)此可以推知，我感到努力毫無希望；D項意為“無望的”，故D項正確。]4．A.embarrassed B．happyC．surprised D．worriedC[依據(jù)后句可知，其中一個老師告知我說，4B班是全校最差的班級；據(jù)此可以推知，對于這種狀況，其他老師并不感到驚奇；C項意為“覺得驚奇的”，故C項正確。]5．A.appointment B．meetingC．task D．performanceB[依據(jù)上文可知，班里的女生高聲談笑不聽“我”講話，據(jù)此可以推知，“我”膽怯 和她們再次見面，B項意為“見面”，故B項正確。]6．A.abandoned B．designedC．took D．hatedA[依據(jù)后句中的“forclassdiscussions”可知，“我”放棄了常規(guī)教學(xué)，以班級探討的方式取代；A項意為“放棄”，故A項正確。]7．A.papers B．rewardsC．topics D．a(chǎn)ssistantsC[依據(jù)該句中的“brought”，并結(jié)合語境可知，“我”準(zhǔn)備了班級探討的話題；C項意為“話題”，故C項正確。]8．A.fascinated B．disappointedC．puzzled D．relaxedA[依據(jù)后句可知，“我”讓她們寫下她們的故事；據(jù)此可以推知，“我”對她們的探討很入迷；A項意為“入迷的”，故A項正確。]9．A.deal B．bridgeC．guide D．secretB[依據(jù)該句中的“betweenus”并結(jié)合語境可知，這些文章成了“我”和她們之間聯(lián)系的橋梁；B項意為“橋梁”，故B項正確。]10．A.praised B．understoodC．ignored D．a(chǎn)ppreciatedD[依據(jù)上文可知，