05 科普知識-2025年中考英語新熱點時文閱讀

2025年中考英語新熱點時文閱讀-科普知識來源題型主要內(nèi)容12024·江蘇無錫·中考真題閱讀理解介紹了關于情緒的兩因素理論，以及一項新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，即減少憤怒感覺的關鍵不是發(fā)泄，而是做一些如瑜伽或冥想等平靜的活動。22024·山東東營·中考真題閱讀理解介紹了駱駝的駝峰的作用以及為什么駱駝可以在沙漠中生活。32024·廣東·中考真題閱讀理解本文進行一個研究，研究結果表明人類可以通過聽雞的叫聲來判斷它是高興還是悲傷。42024·云南·中考真題閱讀理解介紹綠色建筑的相關內(nèi)容。52024·河南·中考真題閱讀理解介紹利用自然界的跡象來預報天氣。62024·天津·中考真題閱讀理解介紹了鹽從哪里來的。72024·福建·中考真題閱讀理解介紹了了解海洋的重要性。82024·天津·中考真題短文填空介紹“穴居人”的生活。92024·重慶·中考真題短文填空介紹了充足睡眠的重要性。102024·湖南長沙·中考真題短文填空介紹人們喜歡在春節(jié)期間互贈鮮花和水果這一習俗及背后的意義。01（2024·江蘇無錫·中考真題）AtheoryofemotionTwoscientistscalledStanleySchachterandJeromeSingerdevelopedthetwo-factortheoryofemotionin1962.Theysaidthatemotionsareformedintwoparts.First,thebodyhasaphysicalresponsetoathreatandthenthemindconsidersthephysicalresponseasanemotion,whichisthenfeltbytheperson.Forexample,imagineyouarewalkingthroughaforestandyouseeabear.Seeingitwouldprobablystartaphysicalresponse,suchasyourheartbeatingveryfastandsweatbreakingout.Yourmindthendecidesthatthisisfear,whichyoufeelasanemotion.Anewstudyhassuggestedthatthekeytoreducingfeelingsofangerisnotventing(lettingtheangryemotionsout)butdoingcalmingactivitiessuchasyogaormeditation.ThestudywaspublishedinMarchbySophieKjaervikandBradBushmanfromOhioStateUniversityintheUS.Theywantedtoexplorethepopulartheorythatventing(expressing)angerisagoodwayofreducingit.Examplesofventingangerincludeshoutingorhittingsomethinglikeacushion,sothatyouletgooftheemotionandthereforedon’tfeelitanymore.Thepairlookedat154otherstudiesonanger.Theseinvolved10,189people,andincludedavarietyofagesandbackgrounds.Intheirstudy,KjaervikandBushmandefineangeras“anemotionalresponse(反應)toarealorimaginedthreat(威脅)”.Theyusedatheoryofemotion(情緒假說)thatsaysemotionsarepartlyfeltinyourbodyandpartlyinyourmind.Thescientistslookedattheotherstudiestoseehowdifferentactivitiesinfluencedanger.Theyfoundthatactivitiessuchasrunningorboxing—whichareoftenthoughttobegoodfordealingwithanger—weren’tverygoodatreducingit.Infact,someoftheseactivitiesactuallymadeitworsebecausetheyincreasedphysicalresponsesinthebodythatarelinkedtofeelingangry.Forexample,theymadepeople’sheartsbeatfaster.However,activitiesthatdecreasedphysicalresponsesinthebodydidhelptoreducefeelingsofanger.Theseincludedactivitiesthatslowtheheartrate,suchasdeepbreathing,meditationandyoga.Bushmansaysactivitiesthatincreasephysicalresponsesmaybegoodforhearthealthbutare“definitelynotthebestwaytoreduceanger”.Theteamfoundjoggingwasmostlikelytoincreaseanger.However,someheart-rateincreasingactivities—likeballgamesandteamsports—couldreduceanger.1．Whatisthemainfindingofthenewstudy?A．Anewmethodofventinganger. B．Anewmethodofreducinganger.C．Goodactivitiestoventanger. D．Goodactivitiestoreduceanger.2．Whatcanwelearnaboutcalmingactivities?A．Theycanreducefeelingsofanger. B．Theycanincreasetheheartrate.C．Theyaregoodformindhealth. D．Theyaregoodforhearthealth.3．AccordingtoSchachterandSinger’stheory,whathappensfirstifyouseeasnakeandfeelafraid?A．Yougetthefeelingoffear. B．Yougetthefeelingofcalm.C．Yourheartbeatsfast. D．Yourheartbeatsslowly.4．Thefollowingsentencecanbestbeputattheendof________.Theythinkthisshowsthatfunorplayfulactivitieshelptoreducenegativefeelings.A．Paragraph1 B．Paragraph2 C．Paragraph3 D．Paragraph402（2024·山東東營·中考真題）We’veallseenpicturesofcamelscarryingheavyloads(負載物)acrossthesandydesert.Theywalkwithoutstoppingforfoodorwaterforseveraldays.Haveyoueverwonderedhowtheydoit?Foryouranswer,takealookatthebagroundhumpwhichisonacamel’sback.Camelsaretheonlyanimalswithhumps.Andit’sthehumpthatgivescamelstheamazingabilitytogoforlongperiodsoftimewithoutfoodorwater.Thehumpislikeasparecupboard(備用食物柜)wherethecamelstores(儲存)foodandwaterfordayswhenthereisnothingtoeatordrink.Whenlifeisgood,andthereisplentytoeatanddrink,acamel’shumpcangrowtoasbigas40kilograms.Thefoodischangedintofat(脂防)andstoredinthecamel’sbump.Whenthereisnothingtoeatordrink,camelsbegintousethestoredfatintheirhumps.That’swhytheycancontinuetoliveforweekswithoutfoodandupto10dayswithoutwater.Camelsarelikesponges.Theycantakeinmorethan130litresofwaterinoneshortdrink.Inonlyafewminutes,allofthiswatergoesdirectlytothecamel’sbloodcells(組胞).Camelssavewatertoo.Theyneverknowwhenthey’llfindthenextwateringhole.Astheybreatheout,theirnosesclosequickly.Thewaterinthebreathstaysintheirbodies.Afteralongtrekacrossthedesertcarrying100kilogramsormore,acamelcanloseupto150kilogramsofweight.Thecamel’shumpwillbecomeverysmall.Assoonasthiscamelgetstoanoasis(綠洲),itwilltakeinhundredsoflitresofwater.Inaday,itwillgetbackmostofitsweight.Naturereallyhasgivencamelstheperfectsystemforlivingtheharddesertlife.5．WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A．Theshapeofthehump. B．Thehabitofthecamel.C．Thefunction(功能)ofthehump. D．Theabilityofthecamel6．WhichisTRUEaboutthehump?A．Thehumpstoresdifferentkindsoffood.B．Thehumpalwaysstaysthesamesize.C．Thehumpcanstoremorethan130litreswater.D．Theweightofthehumpdependsoneatingconditions.7．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“sponges”mean?A．海綿 B．彈簧 C．水桶 D．吸管8．Whydocsthewriterusesomenumbersinthispassage?A．Toexplainthefactsmoreclearly.B．Toexpresstheideasmorepolitely.C．Tomakethearticlemoreeducational.D．Tomakethelanguagemorebeautiful.9．Whatdoesthewritermainlywanttotellus?A．Camelshavesomeamazingabilities.B．Camelsaregoodhelpersfordesertpeople.C．Camelshaveagreatqualityofneverwastingwater.D．Camelshaveaperfectsystemforlivinginthedesert.03（2024·廣東·中考真題）Peopleknowanimalsdohavefeelings,buttheyarenotsureifthesefeelingsarecorrectlyunderstood.Inrecentyears,scientistshavedoneresearchaboutthefeelingsofcows,frogsandpandas.▲Itsaysthathumanscantellwhetherachickenishappyorsadbylisteningtoitscalls.Theresearchersputabowlbehindadoor.Insidethebowl,sometimes,therewassomethingchickenslovetoeat,suchasriceorinsects.Sometimes,therewasnothing.Whenthechickenssawfoodbehindthedoor,theyseemedhappyandproducedfastandloudsounds,knownasfoodcalls.Whentherewasn’tfood,thechickensmadelowandlongnoisestoexpressdisappointment.Theresearchersrecordedallthesesoundsandstudiedtheirwaves.Thentheresearcherschose16recordingsofsuchchickennoises.Halfwerefromthechickensseeingthefoodandhalfwerefromthechickensfindingnofood.Therecordingswereplayedto194volunteers.Sixty-ninepercentofthevolunteerscorrectlyunderstoodwhetherthechickenswerefeelinghappyornot,andsomeofthemevenhadnoexperienceoftakingcareofchickens.Theresultshowsthathumanshavethenaturalabilitytounderstandthefeelingsofchickens.Hopefully,thisfindingcanbringaboutnewtechnologytohelpwithchicken-raising,abigindustryinmanycountries.Somescientistsarealreadyworkingonasmartcomputerprogramthatcanidentifychickens’feelings.Thisisgoodnewsforfarmerswhowanttomakethebirdshappierandhealthier.10．Whichofthefollowingcanbeputin“________”inParagraph1?A．Humansmaynotlikeanimals. B．Scientistsknownothingaboutit.C．Nobodyknowswhythishappens. D．Anewstudyaddschickenstothelist.11．Whichismostprobablythesoundwaveofahappycallbyachicken?A． B． C． D．12．Howdidthevolunteershelpwiththeresearch?A．Bylisteningtothechickencalls. B．Bytakingcareofthechickens.C．Byfindingfoodforthechickens. D．Bymakingthechickenshappy.13．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“identify”meaninParagraph4?A．Control. B．Hide. C．Recognize. D．Hurt.14．Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．Chickens’FoodCalls B．HappyChickens,SadChickensC．Farmers’BestChoice D．SmartFarmers,HealthyFarmers04（2024·云南·中考真題）Allaroundtheworld,buildingsaregoinggreen!Peoplearemakinggreenbuildings.Whatdoesitmeantogogreenortomakeagreenbuilding?Agreenbuildingisdesigned(設計)inawaythatisnotharmfultotheenvironment.Thebuildingusesenergy,water,andothermaterialsinwaysthataregoodfortheenvironment.Whenplanninggreenbuildings,architects(建筑師)mustthinkabouthowtouseenergy,water,andmaterialsinanenvironment-friendlyway.Therearemanywaystosaveenergy.Architectscandesignbuildingstousenaturallight.Buildingscanalsobemadewithsolarorwindpowertogetenergyfromthesunorthewind.Tosavewater,greenbuildingscanhaveareasontheroofstocollectrainwater.Kitchensandbathroomscanhavesinks(洗池)andtoilets(馬桶)thatconservewater.Asforthematerialsusedtobuildthebuilding,itisimportanttousematerialsthatdonothavechemicalsthatareharmfultotheairorwater.Recycledmaterialscanalsobeusedforbuildings.Buildingsaroundtheworlduseallthreeofthesewaystogogreen.AnofficebuildingcalledCH2inMelbourne,Australia,useswindandsolarpower.AculturalcenterinLondon,England,ismadefromrecycledtraincarsandispoweredbysolarandwindpower.TheAcademyofSciencesbuildinginCaliforniaintheU.S.hasrecycledmaterials,solarenergy,andahuge“l(fā)ivingroof”ofplants.AtempleinThailandismadeoutofonemillionrecycledglassbottles!Thisisagooduseofrecycledmaterial,anditalsoletsnaturallightintothetemple.Moreandmoregreenbuildingsarebeingbuiltandtheyaremakingtheworldabetterplace!15．Whatdoweknowaboutagreenbuilding?A．Itisusuallypaintedgreenoutside. B．Itusesmorematerialsthanotherbuildings.C．Itisdesignedbyfamousarchitects. D．Itisbuiltinanenvironment-friendlyway.16．Whydoarchitectsdesignbuildingstousenaturallight?A．Tosaveenergy. B．Tosavematerials.C．Toprotecttheplants. D．Toprotectthebuildings.17．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“conserve”inparagraph2probablymean?A．Save. B．Boil. C．Clean. D．Produce.18．Howdoesthewritersupportthemainideaofparagraph3?A．Byaskingquestions. B．Bygivingexamples.C．Bylistingnumbers. D．Byexplainingreasons.19．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．DesigningBuildings B．GoingGreenC．RecyclingMaterials D．UsingEnergy05（2024·河南·中考真題）Anoldsayingusedforforecasting(預測)theweathersays,“Redskyatnight,sailors’delight.Redskyinthemorning,sailors(水手)takewarning.”Isthesayingtrue?Itturnsoutthatitis.Aredskyatsunsetmaymeanthatthereareclearskiestothewest,wherethesunsets.Aredskyatsunriseusuallymeansthattheclearweatherhasalreadypassed,sostormsmightbecoming.Forecastingtheweatherhasbeenpracticedforthousandsofyears.Inthe5thcenturyBC,theGreekssentoutforecaststosailors.Theyusedsignsinnaturetoforecasttheweather.Buttoday,meteorologistssendexactforecastsfurtherinadvance(提前).Theyusescientificinstrumentstostudyweatherconditionsaroundtheworldandmakeforecasts.Pilots,farmersandmanyotherpeopledependontheseforecasts.Luckily,mostofuscansimplylookonthesmartphoneorturnontheTVtofindoutwhatkindofweatheriscoming.Ifyouarelookingforsomesignsoftheweather,payattentiontonature.Therearetwobasicrulesusedinweatherforecasting:Weathergenerallymovesfromwesttoeast,andlowairpressure(壓力)usuallymeansrainorsnow.Sopayattentiontothesigns.Ifrainbowsforminthewestatsunrise,thesunisontheway.Smelltheflowers—theirsmellsarestrongerinwetair.Whataretheantsdoing?Aretheymovingtohigherground?Thiscouldmeanadropinairpressure.Arethebirdsflyingloworhigh?Fallingairpressuremayinfluencebirds’ears,sotheyflylow.Andiftheskyisredatsunset,youmightplanapicnicforthenextday!根據(jù)材料內(nèi)容選擇最佳答案。20．Whatistheoldsayingabout?A．Thebeautyofsunrise. B．Thenightsky.C．Thesignsoftheweather. D．Thesailors’work.21．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“meteorologists”mean?A．ThepersonswhogivedailyweatherreportsonTV.B．Thepersonswhocarryoutresearchonnaturalhistory.C．Thepersonswhotakeaninterestinplantsandanimals.D．Thepersonswhodoscientificstudiesofweatherconditions.22．HowdoesthewriterdevelophisideainParagraph2?A．Bylistingthereasonsforterribleweather.B．Bytellingatruestoryaboutweatherforecasting.C．Byintroducingdifferentwaysofforecastingtheweather.D．Bymentioningthedifficultiesinforecastingtheweather.23．Whatdoweknowfromthelastparagraph?A．It’llbesunnyifantsmovetohigherplaces.B．Thesmellsofflowersarestrongerinwetair.C．Birdsflyhigherbecauseofthelowairpressure.D．It’llrainifrainbowsforminthewestatsunrise.24．Whatisthewriter’spurposeinwritingthetext?A．Toencouragepeopletogetclosetonature.B．Toexpresstheneedforweatherforecasting.C．Toexplainnaturecantellusabouttheweather.D．Todiscusshowimportantweatherforecastingis.06（2024·天津·中考真題）Salthasalwaysbeenimportanttopeople.Inthepast,itwasasvaluableasgold.Overtheyears,peoplediscovereddifferentwaystogetsalt.Someearlypeoplegotsaltfromrocks.Inotherplaces,peoplegotsaltfromthesea.Theytookseawaterandputitinthesun.Afteralongtime,thewaterdriedup(耗盡).Thenpeoplecouldgetsalt.Today,peoplestillgetsaltfromthesea.Butmostsaltcomesfromsaltmines(礦)andsaltwells(井).Howdopeoplegetsaltfromsaltmines?Theydigdeepintothegroundforit.Togetsaltfromsaltwells,peopleputtwopipes(管子)intotheground.Waterissentdownthroughoneofthepipes.Andthewaterismixedwiththesaltinsaltwells.Itmakessaltwater.Thenthesaltwaterispushedupthroughtheotherpipe.Later,thesaltistakenoutofthesaltwater.Peopleonceworkedhardtofindandmakesalt.Now,peoplecanbuyitatanyfoodstore.25．Someearlypeoplegotsaltfrom________.A．flowers B．fruits C．trees D．rocks26．Whydidpeopleputseawaterinthesun?A．Togetsalt. B．Tocatchfish.C．Towashclothes. D．Towatercrops.27．Howdopeoplegetsaltfromsaltmines?A．Bymixingsandwithgold. B．Bydiggingdeepintotheground.C．Byputtingoilonrocks. D．Bythrowingstonesintothesea.28．Whatistherightorderofgettingsaltfromsaltwells?a.Thesaltistakenoutofthesaltwater.b.Waterissentdownthroughoneofthepipes.c.Thesaltwaterispushedupthroughtheotherpipe.A．a(chǎn)-b-c B．b-c-a C．c-b-a D．b-a-c29．Thepassageismainlyabout________.A．whodiscoveredsalt B．whenwemadesaltC．wheresaltcomesfrom D．howmuchsaltweneed07（2024·福建·中考真題）Thoughoceanscoverabout71percentoftheearth’ssurface,there’sstillalotwedon’tknowaboutthem.Onlyabout20percentoftheseafloorhasbeenmapped,andtheremaining80percentisstillasecrettous.Somescientistseventhinkthat91percentofseaanimalshaveyettobediscovered.Sowhydoweknowsolittleaboutthedeepsea?Well,gettingtothosedepthsisverydifficultandrequireshightechnologythatsimplydidn’tcomeintobeingformostofhumanhistory.Thefirstnavigablesubmarine(可駕駛的潛水艇),forexample,wasbuiltin1620,anditcouldn’tgomorethanfivemetersbelowthesurface.Infact,foralongtimemanyscientistsdidn’teventhinkthattherecouldbeanylifeatdepthsgreaterthan550metersanddidn’tseemuchneedtoexplore(探索)thedeepsea.However,thischangedin1862whenlifewasdiscoveredasfardownas945metersbelowsealevelwiththehelpofadiggingmachine.Tenyearslater,around4,700species(物種)unknownbeforefromtheoceanfloorwerediscovered.Sincethen,hightechnologyhasbeendevelopedtohelpexplorethedeepsea,includingsatellites.Butwhyisdeep-seaexplorationstillsodifficult?Well,atgreaterdepthsitisfreezing(極冷的),everythingiscompletelydark,andthepressurecanbeover1,000timesgreaterthanthatonthesurface.Thoughwehavethedifficulties,it’simportantthatweunderstandtheseas.Theyhelpcontroltheearth’stemperatureandproducehalfoftheoxygen(O2)intheair.Theycanalsoprovideuswithinformationaboutclimatechange.Ourfuturedependsonlearningmoreaboutouroceans,anditispossibleforustoreallyunderstandwhatisongoingbelowthesurface.30．WhyaresomenumberslistedinParagraph1?A．Tointroducehowimportantoceansare.B．Todiscusswhyseaanimalshaveyettobefoundout.C．Toexplainthatoceanscoveralargeareaoftheearth.D．Toshowthatwehaveonlyalittleunderstandingofoceans.31．Whatcausedthechangeofexplorationintothedeepsea?A．Hightechnology. B．Unknownspecies.C．Apleasantenvironment. D．Valuableinformation.32．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“They”inthelastparagraphreferto?A．Seaanimals. B．Theseas. C．Thesatellites. D．Manyscientists.33．Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A．Itisdifficulttobuildanavigablesubmarine. B．Theseashaveastronginfluenceonourfuture.C．Theseashavenolivesatadepthof550meters. D．Itiseasiertogointothedeepseathanwethink.34．Whatcouldbethebesttitleofthetext?A．HiddenTreasuresinDeepSea B．UnlockedSecretsofDeepSeaC．Deep-SeaExploration:IntotheFreezingDepths D．Deep-SeaExploration:ThePastandtheFuture08（2024·天津·中考真題）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容及首字母提示，填寫所缺單詞，使短文意思完整。每空限填一詞。Longago,theearlypeopledidnotliveinhousesaswedotoday.Mostofthehomeswereincavesorshelters(遮蔽物)whichwerebuiltintrees.These‘homes’wereonlyusedastemporary(臨時的)shelterstop35themfromthesun,therainandthewildanimalsintheforests.Menofthattimewerecalled‘cavepeople’.These‘cavepeople’usuallylivedinsmallgroupsandlifewasnote36forthem.Theyhadtomovefromplacetoplacetos37forfood.Theywouldhunt,fishorpickwildfruit.Whentheycouldn’tfinda38toeat,theywouldleavetofindanotherproperplace.Theirtoolswereverysimple.Theyateraw(生的)foodu39theylearnthowtomakeafire.Forclothing,theyusedonlythebark(樹皮)oftreesortheskins(皮)ofanimalstoc40theirbodies.However,thelivesofthe‘cavepeople’changed.Theycollectedtheseeds(種子)ofwildplantsthatg41intheforests.Soontheylearnttoplantfruit,vegetablesandothercrops.Theyalsokeptcows,sheepandotherkindsoffarma42formilk,meatandskins.Theybecamef43andlivedinonlyonecertainarea.Theirgroupsbecamel44thanbeforeastheylivedmoresettled(固定的)lives.Theybuilthousesaslong-lastinghomes,andasaresult,villagesandtownsdevelopedquickly.The‘cavepeople’begantobecivilized(文明的).09（2024·重慶·中考真題）根據(jù)下面短文內(nèi)容及部分首字母提示，在短文的空格處填上一個最恰當?shù)脑~，使短文完整、通順。請將完整的單詞填寫在答題卡上對應的位置?！癉oyougetenoughsleep?”Theanswerisprobablynoifyouaskatiredstudentwhoisalwaystakinganap(小睡)onaclassroomdesk.“Icouldn’tgettosleepandexperiencedarestlessnightagain.”Youmayoftenhearsuchwordsfromanadult.Nothavingenough45isacommonproblemaroundtheworld.However,sleepisjustlikefoodandwatertous.46ofuscanliveifwedon’tsleepatall.Sleepexpertssaythatanadultrequires7to9hoursofsleepanightandateenagerneeds8.5to9.5hours.Anythinglesscouldbeh47toourhealth.Accordingtoastudy,sleepingonlyfivehoursanightforaweekislikehavingablood-alcohol(酒精)levelof0.1percent.Thatisabovethesafedrivinglimit(限制)inmostcountries.Mostpeopleprobablywouldn’ttakeanexamorgotoworkiftheygetdrunk.But48enoughsleep,theystilldothesethings.Asaresult,they49intheexamsorperformbadlyatwork.What’sworse,doctorsandnursesoftenworklonghours.Whentheyaresleepy,theymighthurtapatientoreven50apatient’sdeathbyaccident.51sleepissoimportant,manypeoplethesedaysarenotgettingenough.Inasurvey,twentypercentsaythatdaytimesleepinessinfluencestheirdailywork.Theyfeelithardtopayfullattentionduringtheday.However,theydon’tseemtocare.Someevenshowoffhowenergetictheycanbethenextdayjustwithlittlesleep.Itmaybetimetowakeupand52thewaywethink.Weshouldrealizethatnotsleepingenoughisaseriousproblem.10（2024·湖南長沙·中考真題）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。ChineseNewYearisagreatcelebration.It53(mark)theendofthewinterseasonandthebeginningofspring.Accordingtotradition,peopleliketogiveflowersandfruits54eachotherduringChineseNewYear,becausetheycarrymanyspecial55(meaning).Theyrepresent(象征)theearthcomingbacktolifeandbestwishesfornewbeginnings,Orchids(蘭花)comeinmanycolors,butmanypeoplelikepurpleandredonesforChineseNewYear.Theyarebelieved56(represent)loveandbeauty.Orchidssay,“Wishyoutobe57(luck),successfulandhappy.”Duringtheholidayperiod,thisplantisamust.Peonies(牡丹)arelikesoftcloudsinpink,redandwhite.Theyarebeautifulandcanbrightenupsomeone’sday.Redpeonies58(give)topeopletoshowloveandcare.Peoniessay,“Youarespecialtome.”Theyarealsoasymbolofwealthand59(rich).Kumquats(金橘),with60(they)goldencolor,ateasymbolofwealthandluck.TheChinesewordfor“kumquat”soundslike“goldorange”,whichconnectskumquatswithrichness.Thissmallfruittreeisoftenpresentedinpairs.Theapple,withitsbrightcolors61roundshape,representspeaceandharmony(和諧).Infact,thewordfor“apple”inChinesesoundslike“peace”.62(certain),applesmakegreatgifts.參考答案：1．D2．A3．C4．D【導語】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了關于情緒的兩因素理論，以及一項新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，即減少憤怒感覺的關鍵不是發(fā)泄，而是做一些如瑜伽或冥想等平靜的活動。1．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Anewstudyhassuggestedthatthekeytoreducingfeelingsofangerisnotventing(lettingtheangryemotionsout)butdoingcalmingactivitiessuchasyogaormeditation.”可知，新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，減少憤怒感覺的關鍵不是發(fā)泄，而是做一些如瑜伽或冥想等平靜的活動，故這項新的研究主要發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些可以減少憤怒的好的活動。故選D。2．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“However,activitiesthatdecreasedphysicalresponsesinthebodydidhelptoreducefeelingsofanger.Theseincludedactivitiesthatslowtheheartrate,suchasdeepbreathing,meditationandyoga.”可知，那些能夠減少身體反應的活動，即深呼吸、冥想和瑜伽等平靜的活動有助于減少憤怒感覺。故選A。3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Forexample,imagineyouarewalkingthroughaforestandyouseeabear.Seeingitwouldprobablystartaphysicalresponse,suchasyourheartbeatingveryfastandsweatbreakingout.”可知，文章指出，當我們看到一只熊時，我們的身體可能會做出反應，比如心跳得很快，出汗。故可知當我們看到一條蛇并感到害怕時，我們心跳也會加快。故選C。4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“However,someheart-rateincreasingactivities—likeballgamesandteamsports—couldreduceanger.”可知，團隊發(fā)現(xiàn)一些增加心率的活動，如球類運動和團隊運動，可能會減少憤怒。這表明有趣的活動有助于減少負面情緒。故這句話可以放在第四自然段的結尾。故選D。5．C6．D7．A8．A9．D【導語】本文主要介紹了駱駝的駝峰的作用以及為什么駱駝可以在沙漠中生活。5．主旨大意題。根據(jù)“Camelsaretheonlyanimalswithhumps.Andit’sthehumpthatgivescamelstheamazingabilitytogoforlongperiodsoftimewithoutfoodorwater...”可知本段主要介紹了駝峰的功能。故選C。6．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Whenlifeisgood,andthereisplentytoeatanddrink,acamel’shumpcangrowtoasbigas40kilograms”可知當生活很好，有充足的食物和飲料時，駱駝的駝峰可以長到40公斤大，可見駝峰的重量取決于飲食條件。故選D。7．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)“Camelsarelikesponges.Theycantakeinmorethan130litresofwaterinoneshortdrink”可知是像海綿一樣，可以吸水，故此處劃線部分意為“海綿”。故選A。8．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“acamel’shumpcangrowtoasbigas40kilograms”“theycancontinuetoliveforweekswithoutfoodandupto10dayswithoutwater.”“Theycantakeinmorethan130litresofwaterinoneshortdrink”以及“Afteralongtrekacrossthedesertcarrying100kilogramsormore,acamelcanloseupto150kilogramsofweight.”可知這些數(shù)字更好地描述了駱駝的情況，即為了更準確地解釋事實。故選A。9．主旨大意題。本文主要介紹了駱駝的駝峰的作用以及為什么駱駝可以在沙漠中生活，即駱駝在沙漠中有一套完美的生活系統(tǒng)。故選D。10．D11．D12．A13．C14．B【導語】本文進行一個研究，研究結果表明人類可以通過聽雞的叫聲來判斷它是高興還是悲傷。10．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Inrecentyears,scientistshavedoneresearchaboutthefeelingsofcows,frogsandpandas....Itsaysthathumanscantellwhetherachickenishappyorsadbylisteningtoitscalls.”可知，空前提到牛、青蛙和熊貓，空后提到雞，選項D“一項新的研究將雞加入了這個名單”符合語境，故選D。11．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Whenthechickenssawfoodbehindthedoor,theyseemedhappyandproducedfastandloudsounds”可知，當雞看到門后有食物時，它們似乎很高興，并發(fā)出快速而響亮的聲音。選項D符合“快速而響亮的聲音”這一描述，故選D。12．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Therecordingswereplayedto194volunteers.”可知，這些錄音播放給194名志愿者聽，所以志愿者們是通過聽雞叫來幫助這項研究，故選A。13．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)“Somescientistsarealreadyworkingonasmartcomputerprogramthatcanidentifychickens’feelings.”可知，一些科學家已經(jīng)在研究一種可以……雞的情感的智能計算機程序。聯(lián)系前文可知，是為了識別雞的情感，故選C。14．最佳標題題。本文介紹研究結果表明人類可以通過聽雞的叫聲來判斷它是高興還是悲傷，選項B“快樂的雞，悲傷的雞”符合主題，故選B。15．D16．A17．A18．B19．B【導語】本文主要介紹綠色建筑的相關內(nèi)容。15．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Agreenbuildingisdesigned(設計)inawaythatisnotharmfultotheenvironment.”可知，綠色建筑是以對環(huán)境無害的方式設計的。故選D。16．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Therearemanywaystosaveenergy.Architectscandesignbuildingstousenaturallight.”可知，建筑師利用自然光來設計建筑物是為了節(jié)約能源，故選A。17．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)“Tosavewater,greenbuildingscanhaveareasontheroofstocollectrainwater.Kitchensandbathroomscanhavesinks(洗池)andtoilets(馬桶)thatconservewater.”可知，為了節(jié)約用水，綠色建筑的屋頂上可以有收集雨水的區(qū)域，廚房和浴室可以有洗池和馬桶，所以是可以用洗池和馬桶來節(jié)約水，劃線單詞表示“節(jié)約”。故選A。18．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容“AnofficebuildingcalledCH2inMelbourne,Australia,useswindandsolarpower.AculturalcenterinLondon,England,ismadefromrecycledtraincarsandispoweredbysolarandwindpower.TheAcademyofSciencesbuildinginCaliforniaintheU.S.hasrecycledmaterials,solarenergy,andahuge‘livingroof’ofplants.AtempleinThailandismadeoutofonemillionrecycledglassbottles!”可知，作者通過舉例支持第三段的主旨，故選B。19．最佳標題題。本文主要介紹綠色建筑的相關內(nèi)容，強調(diào)環(huán)保，所以B項最適合做標題。故選B。20．C21．D22．C23．B24．C【導語】本文主要介紹利用自然界的跡象來預報天氣。20．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Aredskyatsunsetmaymeanthatthereareclearskiestothewest,wherethesunsets.Aredskyatsunriseusuallymeansthattheclearweatherhasalreadypassed,sostormsmightbecoming.”可知，日落時的紅色天空可能意味著太陽落山的西方天空晴朗。日出時天空呈紅色通常意味著晴朗的天氣已經(jīng)過去，因此暴風雨可能即將來臨。所以這句諺語是關于天氣的跡象，故選C。21．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)“Buttoday,meteorologistssendexactforecastsfurtherinadvance(提前).”可知，提前發(fā)布準確的預報的應該是氣象學家，故選D。22．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Inthe5thcenturyBC,theGreekssentoutforecaststosailors....Luckily,mostofuscansimplylookonthesmartphoneorturnontheTVtofindoutwhatkindofweatheriscoming.”可知，希臘人利用自然界的跡象來預報天氣，氣象學家使用科學儀器研究世界各地的天氣狀況并做出預測，也可以看一下智能手機或打開電視來了解天氣。所以作者在第二段通過介紹不同的天氣預報方法展開他的觀點