話題31 自然災(zāi)害與防范安全常識(shí)與自我保護(hù) 2025年高考英語專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)

話題31自然災(zāi)害與防范，安全常識(shí)與自我保護(hù)2025年高考英語專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)目錄話題詞匯梳理壹核心詞匯突破貳教材句型遷移叁話題語篇拓展肆話題與教材教學(xué)重難點(diǎn)人教必修一U4；外研必修三U6，選必二U6；北師大必修二U5；譯林必修三U2核心詞匯突破

bear，calm，effect，effort，inform，shock，supply教材句型遷移

①insist后賓語從句中的虛擬語氣②if引導(dǎo)虛擬條件句③wish后賓語從句中的虛擬語氣④ifonly引導(dǎo)虛擬條件句⑤without短語表示含蓄條件TeachingGuide話題詞匯梳理壹1.

vt.埋葬,安葬;埋藏

2.disastern.

3.

n.突發(fā)事件,緊急情況4.

v.逃脫,擺脫vt.避免vi.逃走n.逃跑,逃脫;(暫時(shí)的)解脫5.

n.洪水;大量(的人或事物)

vi.大量涌入v.(使)灌滿水;淹沒6.forecastvt.&n.

7.grabv.

vi.(試圖)抓住,奪得8.

n.金屬

9.slidev.(使)滑行;(使)快捷而悄聲地移動(dòng)n.______________________10.trapvt.使落入險(xiǎn)境;卡住n._________bury災(zāi)難,災(zāi)害;不幸emergencyescapeflood預(yù)測(cè),預(yù)報(bào)抓住;抓住(機(jī)會(huì))metal滑動(dòng);幻燈片;山崩;降低,衰落困境;陷阱11.bearvt.忍受;承擔(dān)責(zé)任

adj.可忍受的→

adj.難以忍受的

12.burnv.(使)燒毀;(使燃料)燃燒;曬傷vt.燙傷,燒傷vi.燃燒;發(fā)光n.燒傷,燙傷

adj.燃燒著的→

adj.燒壞的,燒傷的搭配

(火勢(shì))減弱;(被)焚毀

13.calmadj.鎮(zhèn)靜的;風(fēng)平浪靜的v.(使)平靜,(使)鎮(zhèn)定

adv.鎮(zhèn)定地搭配

(使)平靜,鎮(zhèn)靜,安靜

14.

v.碰撞,撞擊vi.暴跌,倒閉n.撞車,碰撞;暴跌搭配acarcrash

15.diev.死亡vi.消失,滅亡;停止運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)

n.死,死亡→

adj.死的→

adj.致命的搭配

滅絕,消失

16.effectn.影響,效應(yīng),結(jié)果

adj.有效的,產(chǎn)生預(yù)期效果的;生效的搭配__________

(藥物的)副作用;意外的連帶后果__________________對(duì)……有影響bearable→→→→unbearableburningburntburndowncalmlycalmdowncrash汽車撞車事故deathdeaddeadlydieouteffective→sideeffecthaveaneffecton…17.

n.努力,氣力;試圖,盡力搭配makeaneffort

18.eruptv.(火山)爆發(fā)vi.突然發(fā)生

n.爆發(fā),突然發(fā)生

拓展avolcanic

eruption__________

19.firen.火,火災(zāi);激情;爐火;暖氣裝置;射擊,火力vt.激勵(lì);解雇vi.點(diǎn)火,發(fā)動(dòng)v.射擊,開火搭配

著火

滅火

20.informvt.通知;告知

n.信息,消息→

adj.見多識(shí)廣的,消息靈通的搭配informsb.ofsth.

21.movev.移動(dòng);轉(zhuǎn)變;搬家vi.前進(jìn);采取行動(dòng)

vt.使感動(dòng)(尤指因?yàn)橥榛虮瘋?;使變換,

調(diào)動(dòng)→

n.運(yùn)動(dòng);動(dòng)作,活動(dòng)搭配beonthemove_____________________________22.rescuen.&vt.

n.救援者搭配cometoone’srescue___________________→effort盡量,盡力eruption火山爆發(fā)catchfireputoutafire→→informationinformed通知某人某事movement在行進(jìn)中,在移動(dòng)中;(經(jīng)常)變換地點(diǎn)營救,救援rescuer營救(某人);救助(某人)23.ruinn.廢墟;毀壞;破產(chǎn)vt.毀壞;使破產(chǎn)搭配

毀壞,嚴(yán)重受損,破敗不堪24.scarevt.驚嚇,使害怕vi.受驚嚇

adj.害怕的,恐懼的

adj.恐怖的

25.sharpadj.(變化)急劇的;鋒利的;清晰的;敏銳的;嚴(yán)厲的

adv.急劇地;嚴(yán)厲地;突然地→_______v.(使)變鋒利;(使)提高,改善

26.shockn.震驚,令人震驚的事;休克vt.使震驚

adj.驚人的→

adj.震驚的

27.

n.供應(yīng)量;[pl.]補(bǔ)給,補(bǔ)給品vt.供應(yīng),供給搭配supplysb.withsth.

__28.tearn.

v.撕裂vt.撕開;撕掉

搭配

哭著,哭泣

29.wiseadj.明智的

n.智慧,才智

反

adj.不明智的inruins→scared→→→scarysharplysharpenshockingshockedsupply給某人提供某物眼淚,淚水intearswisdomunwise→核心詞匯突破貳(1)我不忍心看見她哭。____________________________(2)失去他的情景她想都不敢想。__________________________________________________(3)他無法忍受遭人嘲笑。____________________________________(4)記住﹐有些孩子需要幫助。_________________________somechildrenwillneedhelp.1.bearvt.忍受；承擔(dān)責(zé)任·can’tbearsth.

接受不了某事·can’tbeartodosth.不忍心做某事·bearsth.inmind/bearinmind(that)記?。呈拢┅o把（某事）記在心里

Ican’tbeartoseehercry.Shecouldn’tbearthethoughtoflosinghim.Hecan’tbeartobelaughedat.Bearinmindthat(1)我盡量保持鎮(zhèn)定﹐不去理睬他。Itriedto______________andjustignorehim.(2)他深深地吸了幾口氣，使自己平靜下來。Hetookafewdeepbreathsto___________________________.(3)金融市場(chǎng)目前很穩(wěn)定。__________________________________atthemoment.(4)冷靜點(diǎn)﹐告訴我發(fā)生了什么事。___________________andtellmewhathappened.2.calmadj.鎮(zhèn)靜的；風(fēng)平浪靜的

v.(使)平靜，（使）鎮(zhèn)定·remain/stay/keepcalm

保持鎮(zhèn)定·calmdown/calmsb/sth?down（使）平靜，鎮(zhèn)靜，安靜staycalmcalmhimselfdownThefinancialmarketsarecalmCalmdown(1)實(shí)際上﹐我們掙錢會(huì)比去年少。_____________________,we’llbeearninglessthanwewerelastyear.(2)這種藥的常見副作用可能包括頭痛和肌肉疼痛。Common____________________ofthedrugmayincludeheadachesandmusclepains.(3)這些建議即將付諸實(shí)施。Therecommendationswillsoonbe____________________.3.effectn.影響，效應(yīng)，結(jié)果·takeeffect開始起作用﹔開始產(chǎn)生效果·takeeffect/comeintoeffect

生效/開始實(shí)施·beineffect

在實(shí)施中﹐有效·sideeffect（尤指藥物﹑療法的）副作用·bring/putsthintoef?fect使生效；實(shí)行；實(shí)施Ineffectsideeffectsputintoeffect(1)自動(dòng)變速汽車令駕駛更輕松。Anautomaticcar____________________________________.(2)我極力去理解他們的觀點(diǎn)。I________________________________seetheirpointofview.(3)她的馬輕松跳過了籬笆。Herhorsejumpedthefence________________________________.4.effortn.努力，氣力；試圖，盡力·makeaneffort

盡量，盡力·taketheeffortoutofsomething使某事變得容易·makeeveryefforttodosomething盡一切努力做某事·withouteffort輕松地takestheeffortoutofdrivingmadeeveryefforttowithoutanyeffort(1)地址如有變更﹐請(qǐng)盡早通知我們。_________________________________________assoonaspossible.(2)他告發(fā)了他的親弟弟。__________________________________(3)我得到可靠消息說他們倆明年結(jié)婚。Ihavebeenreliablyinformed___________________________________.(4)沒人通知我典禮何時(shí)舉行。Ihavenotbeeninformed___________________________________.5.informvt.通知;告知·informsb.about/ofsth.通知某人某事

·informonsb.告發(fā)；檢舉

whentheceremonywilltakeplacethatthecouplewillmarrynextyearHeinformedonhisownbrother.Pleaseinformusofanychangeofaddress(1)聽到他辭職的消息，我深感意外。I______________________hearthathehadresigned.(2)她驚訝地環(huán)顧四周。Shelookedround________________.(3)她突然驚恐地意識(shí)到自己被跟蹤了。Sherealizedwith__________________thatshewasbeingfollowed.(4)我覺得我仍然驚魂未定。IthinkI’mstill__________________________.6.shockn.震驚，令人震驚的事；休克

vt.使震驚·be

shockedtodosth.做某事很震驚·inshock驚訝地·withashock吃驚地wasshockedtoinshockasuddenshockinastateofshock(1)

Aninformer_______________________________thenamesofthoseinvolvedinthecrime.有線人向警方提供了涉案者的名字。(2)許多志愿者來自當(dāng)?shù)貙W(xué)校。Localschools_________________________________.(3)洪水過后糧食短缺。Foodis_____________________________followingtheflooding.7.supplyn.供應(yīng)量；[pl.]補(bǔ)給，補(bǔ)給品

vt.供應(yīng)，供給，提供·supplysb.withsth.給某人提供某物·supplysth.tosb.向某人提供某物·beinshortsupply供應(yīng)短缺supplymanyofthevolunteerssuppliedthepolicewithinshortsupply教材句型遷移叁①insist后的賓語從句中的虛擬語氣(1)研究人員堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為，克隆科學(xué)應(yīng)進(jìn)一步得到探索與發(fā)展。Researchersinsistthatthescienceofcloning______________________________________.(2)他們堅(jiān)持要每個(gè)人都參加聚會(huì)。Theyinsistedthat_______________________________.(3)他一定要我乘出租車。Heinsisted___________________________.(4)他執(zhí)意要她來。_______________________________.insist后接賓語從句時(shí)，賓語從句通常要使用虛擬語氣，即(should)do的結(jié)構(gòu)。shouldbefurtherexploredandadvancedeveryoneshouldcometothepartyIshouldtakeataxiHeinsiststhatshecome②if引導(dǎo)虛擬條件句(1)我要是能回答你所有問題的話，我就是天才了。IfIknewtheanswertoallyourquestions，_____________________________.(2)要是我做這項(xiàng)工作，我會(huì)以不同的方式去做。_______________________________，Ishoulddoitinadifferentway.虛擬語氣在if條件句中的運(yùn)用如下:·與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，從句謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式(be動(dòng)詞一般用were)，主句謂語動(dòng)詞“would/could/should/might+動(dòng)詞原形”·與過去事實(shí)相反，從句謂語動(dòng)詞用“had十過去分詞”，主句謂語動(dòng)詞用“would/could/should/might+have十過去分詞"·與將來事實(shí)相反，從句謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式、weretodo或shoulddo，主句謂語動(dòng)詞用“would/could/should/might+動(dòng)詞原形”IfIweretodotheworkIwouldbeagenius③wish后賓語從句中的虛擬語氣·wish后跟賓語從句，常常表示不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望?！ish后賓語從句中的謂語形式有：⑴did/were（表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的愿望）

⑵haddone/been（表示與過去事實(shí)相反的愿望）；⑶would/could+動(dòng)詞原形（表示與將來事實(shí)相反的愿望）。⑴真希望回到家里，我不喜歡這個(gè)地方。_________________________________________⑵

他知道自己本不該干此事；他多么希望自己沒有做啊。________________________________________________________⑶我真希望下次你能早一點(diǎn)來。______________________________________IwishIwerebackhome;Idonotlikethisplace.Heknewthatheshouldn’thavedoneit;hewishedhehadn’tdoneit.Idowishyouwouldcomeearliernexttime.④ifonly引導(dǎo)虛擬條件句(1)我要是能講幾種外語就好了!__________________________________________(2)你要是還像你過去那樣，該有多好啊!___________________________________(3)他要是更謹(jǐn)慎些就好了。__________________________________________·ifonly...意為“要是……就好了”，句中謂語動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語氣。ifonly...did...表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的愿望。

ifonly...haddone...表示與過去事實(shí)相反的愿望?！nlyif意為“只要;只有”，引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。only

if位于句首時(shí)，主句要用部分倒裝。IfonlyIcouldspeakseveralforeignlanguages!Ifonlyyouwouldbeasyouusedtobe!Ifonlyhewere/wasmorecautious.⑤without引導(dǎo)的短語表示含蓄條件(1)活沒干完，我不敢回家。I______________________withoutthejobfinished.(2)沒有你，我不可能做到。___________________________________(3)有一輛卡車可能被偷了之后連車主人都不知道丟了。Onetruck_____________________________withoutitsownerevenknowingthatithadbeenmissing.(4)我告訴富蘭克林吃晚飯不必等我。ItoldFranklinhe_____________________________withoutme...without引導(dǎo)含蓄虛擬語氣既可表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)(主句中用would/could/might/shoulddo);也可表示與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)(主句中用would/could/might/shouldhavedone)有類似用法的還有:with,otherwise/or(否則),butfor(要不是)等

wouldn’tdaregohomeIcouldn’thavedoneitwithoutyou.mighthavebeenstolen

wouldhavetostartdinner話題語段拓展肆一、閱讀下面語段，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)[教材改編,人教必修一U4P50]Hopewasnotlost.Soonafterthequakes,thearmysent15,0000soldierstoTangshantodigoutthosewhowere1andtoburythedead.Morethan10,000doctorsandnursescametoprovide2care.Workersbuilt3forsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed.Hundredsofthousandsofpeoplewerehelped.Waterandfoodwere4thecitybytrain,truck,andplane.Slowly,thecitybegantobreatheagain.

Withstrongsupportfromthegovernmentandthetireless5ofthecity’speople,anewTangshanwasbuiltupontheearthquakeruins.Tangshancityhas6toChinaandtherestoftheworldthatintimesofdisaster,peoplemustunifyandshowthewisdomtostaypositiveandrebuildforabrigh