2024-2025學(xué)年高中英語Unit1GreatScientists單元同步復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)案新人教版必修5

必修5Unit1GreatScientists一輪復(fù)習(xí)導(dǎo)學(xué)案基礎(chǔ)學(xué)問梳理【三星詞匯】一星閱讀詞匯characteristic n.特征；特性 radium n.鐳 analyse vt.分析 infect vt.傳染；感染

infectious adj.傳染的 physician n.醫(yī)生；內(nèi)科醫(yī)師 deadly adj.致命的 victim n.受害者 suspect vt.懷疑n.被懷疑者；嫌疑犯enquiry n.詢問 clue adj.線索；提示 pump n.泵；抽水機(jī)vt.(用泵)抽(水)foresee vt.預(yù)見；預(yù)知 investigate vt.&vi.調(diào)查

investigation n.調(diào)查 certainty n.確信；的確 firework n.煙火(燃放) chart n.圖表 movement n.移動；運(yùn)動；動作 backwardadv.&adj.向后地(的)；相反地(的)；退步地(的)privately adv.私下地；隱私地 spin vi.&vt.(使)旋轉(zhuǎn)；紡(線或紗)neighbourhood n.旁邊；鄰近 severe adj.嚴(yán)峻的；猛烈的；嚴(yán)厲的二星寫作詞匯handle n.柄；把手vt.處理；操縱link vt.&n.連接；聯(lián)系enthusiastic adj.熱忱的；熱心的universe n.宇宙；世界painter n.畫家；油漆匠paintn.油漆；顏料v.油漆；給……刷上；畫(圖畫)scientific adj.科學(xué)的sciencen.科學(xué)；技術(shù)；學(xué)科scientist n.科學(xué)家expert adj.嫻熟的；閱歷或?qū)W問豐富的n.專家；行家challenge n.挑戰(zhàn)vt.向……挑戰(zhàn)challenging adj.挑戰(zhàn)的；具有挑戰(zhàn)性的pollute vt.污染；弄臟pollution n.污染；污染物announce vt.宣布；通知announcement n.公告；宣告；發(fā)表；通告instruct vt.吩咐；指示；教育instruction n.指令，吩咐；指示；用法說明(常用復(fù)數(shù))responsible adj.有責(zé)任的；負(fù)責(zé)的responsibility n.責(zé)任，職責(zé)；義務(wù)construct vt.建設(shè)；修建construction n.建設(shè)；建筑物creative adj.有創(chuàng)建力的；創(chuàng)建性的；獨(dú)創(chuàng)的create vt.創(chuàng)建，創(chuàng)作positive adj.主動的；確定的；的確的反義詞：negative adj.消極的；否定的；陰性的cautious adj.當(dāng)心的；謹(jǐn)慎的caution n.當(dāng)心，謹(jǐn)慎reject vt.拒絕；不接受；拋棄rejection n.拋棄；拒絕三星高頻詞匯attend vt.照看；護(hù)理；出席；參與expose vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光cure n.治愈；痊愈vt.治愈；治療absorb vt.汲??；吸引；使用心defeat vt.戰(zhàn)勝；戰(zhàn)勝；使受挫n.失敗blame vt.責(zé)怪；指責(zé)n.過失；責(zé)怪conclude vt.&vi.結(jié)束；推斷出conclusion n.結(jié)論；結(jié)束contribute vt.&vi.捐獻(xiàn)；貢獻(xiàn)；捐助contribution n.貢獻(xiàn)；捐獻(xiàn)；投稿【短語巧記】putforward 提出drawaconclusion 提出結(jié)論expose…to 使顯露；暴露；使...接觸到...link…to… 將…和…聯(lián)系或連接起來apartfrom 除……之外；此外(be)strictwith… 對…嚴(yán)格的makesense 講得通；有意義

makesenseof 理解；弄懂；明白betoblame 應(yīng)受責(zé)怪；應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)任beabsorbedin 用心于；聚精會神于beenthusiasticabout 熱衷于，對…充溢熱忱beexpertat 擅長lookinto 調(diào)查curesbof 治好某人某??；訂正某人惡習(xí)contributeto 有助于；捐獻(xiàn)；帶來，促成；投稿underconstruction 正在建設(shè)中【聯(lián)想法巧記詞語】1.“be+v.-ed+to(介詞)”型短語①belinkedto 與……連接②berelatedto 與……有關(guān)③beexposedto 暴露于;遭遇④bedevotedto 致力于;忠誠于⑤beattachedto 附屬于;喜愛;依戀⑥beaddictedto 沉溺于;對……上癮2.“觀點(diǎn)；看法”的高頻形容詞①positive 主動的 ②negative 消極的 ③subjective 主觀的 ④objective 客觀的 ⑤doubtful 懷疑的 ⑥critical 指責(zé)的 【語法速遞】1. Buthebecameinspired(inspire)whenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeopleexposed(expose)tocholera.2. Fromthestomachthediseasequicklyattackedthebodyandsoontheaffected(affect)persondied.3. Hefoundthatitcamefromtheriverpolluted(pollute)bythedirtywaterfromLondon.4. Sobetween1510and1514heworkedonit,graduallyimproving(improve)histheoryuntilhefeltitwascomplete.5. Itseemedthatthewaterwastoblame(blame).6. Firsthemarkedonamaptheexactplaceswhereallthedeadpeoplehadlived.7. Heplacedafixed(fix)sunatthecentreofthesolarsystemwiththeplanetsgoing(go)rounditandonlythemoonstillgoing(go)roundtheearth.【典句仿寫】1. neither...nor...連接兩個(gè)并列的句子成分【課文原句】Neitheritscausenoritscurewasunderstood.人們既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治療方法。【仿寫】Dr.Yuancaresneitherfamenormoney,andheonlycaresabouthisresearch.袁博士既不在意名聲也不在乎金錢，他只關(guān)切他的探討。2. everytime作連詞，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句【課文原句】Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreak.所以每次爆發(fā)霍亂時(shí)，都有成千上萬驚恐的人死去。【仿寫】EverytimeIlookedintohereyes,Icouldfeelthedeeplove,gratitudeandtrust.每次看著她的眼睛，我都能感受到深深的愛、感謝和信任。3. “only＋狀語”位于句首時(shí)主句謂語部分倒裝【課文原句】Onlyifyouputthesuntheredidthemovementsoftheotherplanetsintheskymakesense.只有當(dāng)你把太陽放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的運(yùn)動才能說得清晰?！痉聦憽縊nlyinthiswaycanwemakecontributionstoourfamilyandoursociety.只有用這種方法我們才能為我們的家庭和社會做出貢獻(xiàn)。4. suggestthat…意為“建議……”,that后的賓語從句用虛擬語氣【課文原句】Topreventthisfromhappeningagain,JohnSnowsuggestedthatthesourceofallthewatersuppliesbeexamined.為了防止這種狀況再度發(fā)生,約翰·斯諾建議全部水源都要經(jīng)過檢測?！痉聦憽縏hedoctorsuggestedusthatwe(should)wearmasksduringourstudyintheschool.醫(yī)生建議我們在校學(xué)習(xí)期間要帶口罩。5. havesthdone意為“讓某事被(別人)做或遭遇某種不幸”【課文原句】Awoman,whohadmovedawayfromBroadStreet,likedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.【仿寫】Jameshadplannedtohadhishaircuttoday,butunfortunatelywhenhewascleaningthewindow,hehadhisfingercutandhadtogiveuptheplan.詹姆斯原安排今日去理發(fā)，但不幸的是今日打掃窗戶時(shí)把手指割傷了，只好取消了原安排。核心要點(diǎn)探究【高頻單詞】1. conclude vt.&vi.推斷出；結(jié)束 (1) concludesthfrom… 從……推斷出某事concludethat… 推斷出……(2) arriveat/cometo/draw/reachaconclusion 得出結(jié)論inconclusion最終；總之【活學(xué)活用】(1)單句填空①Heconcludedfromtheirremarksthattheywerenotinfavouroftheplan.②Thiscontestwilllastoneandahalfmonths,concluding(conclude)atthemiddleofDecember.③Inconclusion,walkingisacheap,safe,enjoyableandreadilyavailableformofexercise.(2)一句多譯我從我自己的經(jīng)驗(yàn)中得出結(jié)論：“有志者，事竟成?！雹買haveconcludedfrommyownexperiencesthat“Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.”②Ihavedrawnaconclusionfrommyownexperiencesthat“Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.”2. attend vt.照看；出席；護(hù)理(1) attendto 處理；照看；接待attend(on/upon)sb 服侍某人；照看某人(2) attendalecture/funeral/wedding 聽講座/參與葬禮/參與婚禮attendschool 上學(xué)【名師點(diǎn)撥】“照看某人”用法：①attendonsb ②lookaftersb ③takecareofsb ④watchoversb【活學(xué)活用】(1)一詞多義——寫出下列句中attend的含義①【2024北京卷】Studentsshouldhaveaproperattitudetowardscollegebeforethinkingaboutwhichcollegetoattend.上(學(xué))②Ican’tgooutwithyoutonightbecauseIhaveanurgentthingtoattendto.處理③Devotedtoherwork,shehadnotimetoattend(on)herchildren.照看；護(hù)理(2)單句填空①Therewerelotsofpeopleattending(attend)theparty,someofwhomIhadn’tseenbefore.②Don’ttrytocallJohnat11:30tomorrowmorningbecausehewillbeattending(attend)classatthattime.③Theyflewthereinorderthattheymightbeintimetoattend(attend)theopeningceremony.(3)微寫作【2024全國卷Ⅲ書面表達(dá)】我特別榮幸地邀請您參與6月5日下午2：00在我們學(xué)校禮堂實(shí)行的音樂節(jié)。I’mgreatlyhonoredtoinviteyoutoattendamusicfestivaltobeheldinourschoolhallonJune5at2：00pm.3. expose vt.暴露;揭露;使曝光(1) expose...to... 暴露……給……；使……接觸…… exposeoneselfto... 使自己暴露于……(2) beexposedto 遭遇到；接觸到【活學(xué)活用】(1)單句填空①Somepeoplethinkweshouldn’texposethechildrentoplaying(play)computergames.②Beingexposed(expose)tostrongsunlightwilldoharmtoyourskin.③Themoreoneisexposed(expose)totheEnglish-speakingenvironment,thebetterheorshewilllearnthelanguage.④Thesoilwaswashedawaybytheflood,exposing(expose)barerocks.⑤Don’texposeyourskintosunlightdirectly,oryouwillgetsunburnt.(2)微寫作【2024北京卷書面表達(dá)】為了讓外國學(xué)生體驗(yàn)中國茶文化，我們把他們帶到我們學(xué)校的品茶室。Inordertoexposeinternationalstudentstoourteaculture,wetookthemtothetearoominourschool.4. absorb vt.汲??；吸引；使用心；吞并；理解；駕馭(1) absorbone’sattention 吸引某人的留意力 absorb...into... 把……汲取進(jìn)……(2) absorbed adj.聚精會神的 (be)absorbedin... 聚精會神于……【活學(xué)活用】(1)一詞多義——寫出下列句中absorb的含義①Agoodbookcanabsorbourattentionsocompletelythatweforgetoursurroundings.吸引②Afterabsorbingenoughwater,theplantsgrowwell.汲?、跧keepthelessonsimplebecausethestudentscan’tabsorbthatmuch.理解④However,whensomethingdidinterestme,Icouldbecomeabsorbed.使用心(2)單句填空①Thoughitwasmidnight,shefoundherdaughtercompletelyabsorbed(absorb)inherhomework.②Whenhecameback3hourslater,theywerestillsittingonthesofa,absorbing(absorb)themselvesinconversation.③Hewassoabsorbedintheresearchthathehadnottimeleftforrecreationalactivities.(3)一句多譯湯姆那么用心于工作以至于他遺忘告知我會議的時(shí)間。(absorb)①Tomwasabsorbedinhiswork,soheforgottoinformmeofthetimeofthemeeting.②Absorbinghimselfinhiswork,Tomforgottoinformmeofthetimeofthemeeting.(現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語)③Absorbedinhiswork,Tomforgottoinformmeofthetimeofthemeeting.(過去分詞作狀語)5. cure n.治療;治愈vt.治愈;消退(弊病等);訂正(1) acurefor… ……的治療方法；解決……的措施(2) curesbofsth 治愈某人的某種疾?。桓恼橙说牟涣夹袨?1)單句填空①Hislife’sworkcenteredinthesearchforacurefortheterribledisease.②Manybadhabitscanbeverydifficulttocure(cure)becausethey’relikelytohavebeenformedataveryyoungage.③Asameansofcuring(cure)peopleofdiseases,Chineseherbalmedicinehasbeengraduallyrecognizedbywesterners.④Duetothedevelopmentofmodernmedicaltechnology,doctorsarenowabletocurepeopleofmanydiseases(治好人們很多疾病)whichinformertimeswouldhavekilledthem.6. blame vt.責(zé)怪；指責(zé)；把……歸咎于n．過失；責(zé)怪 blamesbforsth 因某事而責(zé)怪某人 blamesthonsb 把某事怪到某人頭上 betoblame 應(yīng)受責(zé)怪；應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)任【名師點(diǎn)撥】betoblame短語中blame不能用被動形式，該短語為主動形式表示被動含義。(1)單句填空①Thebankmanagerwasreallytoblame(blame),thoughhetriedtopinitonaclerk.②Hiscompanion,blamed(blame)fortheaccident,hadnotbeendrivingcarefully.③Healthofficialsputtheblameforthediseaseonpoorhousingconditions.④Inmyopinion,thepollutedairshouldbetoblame(blame)forsomedeadlydiseases.(2)一句多譯因?yàn)楸恢肛?zé)要為學(xué)校電腦網(wǎng)絡(luò)的崩潰負(fù)責(zé)，艾麗斯的心情很低落。①Alicewasinlowspiritsbecauseshewasblamedforthebreakdownoftheschoolcomputernetwork.(狀語從句)②Blamedforthebreakdownoftheschoolcomputernetwork,Alicewasinlowspirits.(分詞作狀語)7. contribute v.貢獻(xiàn)；投稿;捐獻(xiàn)/助;有助于(1) contribute...to... 把……貢獻(xiàn)給……；將......投稿給 contributeto... 導(dǎo)致……；向……投稿；有助于……(2) contribution n.貢獻(xiàn)；捐款；稿件 makecontributions/acontributionto... 對……做出貢獻(xiàn)【名師點(diǎn)撥】表示“引起；導(dǎo)致；有助于”的詞語還有：cause,leadto,resultin,bringabout等。(1)單句填空①Hemadeavoluntarycontribution(contribute)tothecostofbuildingaschoolsothatthosepoorchildrencouldgeteducation.②Besides,consultingourteacherscancontributetosolving(solve)theproblems.③Tocontribute(contribute)tothevictimsinthemudflow-strickenareas,youcancontactthelocalcharitygroups.④Mr.Reedmakesuphismindtocontributeallhehastosetting(set)upsomeschoolsforpoorchildren.⑤Inconclusion,everyoneshouldmakecontributions(contribute)toprotectingtheenvironment.(2)微寫作①【2024北京卷書面表達(dá)】總之，我為自己對傳播中國文化做出的巨大貢獻(xiàn)感到驕傲。Inconclusion,IwasproudofmakinggreatcontributionstospreadingChineseculture.②誠懇和苦干是美德,有助于勝利和華蜜。Honestyandhardworkaregoodvirtues,whichcontributetosuccessandhappiness.(定語從句)Honestyandhardworkaregoodvirtues,contributingtosuccessandhappiness.(分詞作狀語)【?？级陶Z】1. putforward提出(建議)；舉薦；將……提前；將(鐘表等)向前撥 putaside 節(jié)約；儲蓄；儲存 putaway 放好；積蓄 putoff 延期；推遲 puton 穿上；上演putout 熄滅；生產(chǎn)putup 舉起；張貼；公布；掛起；建立putupwith 忍受；容忍putdown 寫出；登記【活學(xué)活用】(1)用put短語填空①ItwasthegreatphysicistAlbertEinsteinwhoputforwardthetheoryofspecialrelativity.②Whywedecidedtoputoffthemeetingwasthatourheadmasterhadn’tcomebackfromBeijing.③Icanputupwiththehousebeinguntidy,butIhateitifit’snotclean.④Firstheopenedashopandthenheputupasignoutsidetheshoptoattractcustomers.(2)一句多譯他在會上提出了一個(gè)解決難題的好辦法。①Hecameupwithagoodideatosolvethedifficultproblematthemeeting.②Heputforwardagoodideatosolvethedifficultproblematthemeeting.2. makesense 有意義;有道理;講得通(1) makesenseof 理解；明白 makenosense 沒道理；沒意義；講不通(2) Thereisnosenseindoingsth 做……沒道理 asenseofhumour/direction/achievement 幽默感/方向感/成就感【活學(xué)活用】(1)單句填空①Thissentencejustdoesn’tmakesense,nomatterhowyoureadit.②AsfarasI’mconcerned,thereisnosenseingetting(get)upsetaboutitnow.(2)詞匯升級TherearesomanynewwordsinthepassagethatIcouldhardlyunderstandthematall.TherearesomanynewwordsinthepassagethatIcouldhardlymakesenseofthematall.(3)一句多譯你的電腦又壞了！只是為了省一點(diǎn)錢而買最便宜牌子的電腦毫無意義可言。①Yourcomputerhasbrokendownagain!Itdoesn’tmakesensetobuythecheapestbrandofcomputerjusttosaveafewdollars.(it作形式主語)②Yourcomputerhasbrokendownagain!Thereisnosenseinbuyingthecheapestbrandofcomputerjusttosaveafewdollars.(therebe句型)【必備句型】1. Neitheritscausenoritscurewasunderstood.人們既不知道其起因，也不知道它的治療方法。【名師點(diǎn)撥】句型公式：neither...nor...既不……也不……(1) neither...nor...既不…也不…，連接句中兩個(gè)相同的句子成分。連接主語時(shí)，謂語動詞遵循就近一樣原則。(2) 遵循“就近原則”的其他并列連詞： (either)...or... 不是……就是……；要么......，要么...... notonly...butalso... 不僅……而且…… not...but... 不是……而是……【活學(xué)活用】(1)單句填空①Lastyear,neithertheexpertsnorthephysicianwas(be)enthusiasticaboutthecurefortheseveredisease.②NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMaryare(be)tiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother.③Eitheryouoroneofyourstudentsis(be)toattendthemeetingthatisduetomorrow.④EitherherfatherorhermotherpicksheruphomeeveryafternoononFridays.⑤Whatmyfatheroftentellsmeisthatwhatmakesagirlshineisnotherlooksbutherpersonality.(2)句式升級①Theteacherisnotcontentwiththeresult.Thestudentsarenotcontentwiththeresult.Neithertheteachernorthestudentsarecontentwiththeresult.②Theorycouldn’tdowithoutpractice,andpracticecouldn’tdowithouttheory.Neithercouldtheorydowithoutpractice,norcouldpracticedowithouttheory.2. Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreak. 所以每次爆發(fā)霍亂時(shí)，都有成千上萬驚恐的人病死。句型公式：everytime引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句(1)名詞詞組作連詞，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句： eachtime 每當(dāng)……的時(shí)候 the＋序數(shù)詞＋time 第……次 the＋瞬間名詞(moment/minute/instant) 一……就…… nexttime... 下次…… the＋lasttime... 上次(2) directly,instantly,immediately conj.意為“一……就……”(3) 介詞on/upon+arriving/returning/hearing等意為“一……就……”【活學(xué)活用】(1)補(bǔ)全句子①Ithinkofthehappyhourswespenttogethereverytime/eachtimeIseethesephotos.(每當(dāng)看到這些照片)②Becareful!Themachinestartsthemoment/thesecond/theinstant/immediately/instantlyyoupressthebutton(你一按按鈕……就).③Onhearing(一聽說)thatthenovelwaspublished,herushedatoncetothebookshopforacopy.④Every/EachtimeIheartheEnglishsong(每次我聽到這首英語歌曲),Ican’thelpthinkingofmyfriendAnna.⑤ThefirsttimeIwalkedintothelibrary(我第一次走進(jìn)圖書館),Iwasgreatlyimpressedbysomanybooks.(2)一句多譯他第一次上這位年輕老師的課時(shí)，就感愛好。①Hebecameinterestedintheyoungteacher’slessonthefirsttimeheattendedherclass.②Hebecameinterestedintheyoungteacher’slessonwhenheattendedherclassforthefirsttime.高考真題演練【品句填詞】①【2024全國I卷語法填空】InancientChinalivedanartist.whosepaintings(paint)werealmostlifelike.②【2024全國I卷】Whenhebringshisspeechtoaniceconclusion(conclude),Whaleyinvitestherestoftheclasstopraisehim.③【2024全國I卷】Theengineersarealsotryingtodevelopanonandoff“switch”wheretheglowwouldfadewhenexposed(expose)todaylight.④【2024江蘇卷書面表達(dá)】It’sunwiseforustoblametheincreaseofratingsonhighconsumption.⑤【2024江蘇卷】LocatedwheretheBeltmeetstheRoad,JiangsuwillcontributemoretotheBeltandRoadconstruction.⑥【2024全國卷Ⅱ語法填空】Thisswitchhasdecreasedpollution(pollute)inthecountry’smajorlakesandreservoirsandmadedrinkingwatersaferforpeople.⑦【2024全國Ⅱ卷】It’smorelikelythatnoneofusstartaconversationbecauseit’sawkwardandchallenging(challenge),orwethinkit’sannoyingandunnecessary.⑧【2024全國Ⅲ卷】Hesaidtheluckywomanwouldbeannounced(announce)onthewebsiteandthetripwouldbesharedonline.⑨【2024全國Ⅲ卷書面表達(dá)】I’msureitwillappealtoyou,foryou’vebeenenthusiasticaboutsports.語言素養(yǎng)提升【句式升級】①【2024新高考全國I卷讀后續(xù)寫】Afterthat,hedidnotonlysellpopcorn,buthealsoaddedcreamandsalttothepopcorntomakeittastebetter.Afterthat,notonlydidhesellpopcorn,buthealsoaddedcreamandsalttothepopcorntomakeittastebetter.(用倒裝句來升級)②【2024浙江卷書面表達(dá)】Assoonaswefinishedthesong,alltheaudiencegaveuswarmapplause.Theinstantwefinishedthesong,alltheaudiencegaveuswarmapplause.(用高級詞匯來升級藍(lán)色字體部分)【主題寫作】假定你是李華，你校將舉辦一場學(xué)習(xí)活動，邀請本市一位聞名科學(xué)家來校作報(bào)告，請你寫一則通知，內(nèi)容包括：①活動時(shí)間和地點(diǎn) ②活動內(nèi)容 ③參與人員【分化步驟,先句后篇】1.列提綱,補(bǔ)全要點(diǎn)句。①為了幫助同學(xué)們了解宏大的科學(xué)家們的成長故事，我們學(xué)校將于10月19日下午