遼寧省沈文新高考研究聯(lián)盟2024-2025學年高三上學期10月月考英語試題（解析版）

高級中學名校試卷PAGEPAGE1遼寧省沈文新高考研究聯(lián)盟2024-2025學年高三上學期10月月考英語試題第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié))做題時，先將答案標在試卷上。錄音內容結束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whenwillthemovieend?A.At8:00.B.At10:00.C.At10:30.【答案】B【原文】M:I’llpickyouuparound7:30.Themoviestartsat8:00W:Thewhataboutthegathering?M:Themovielaststwohours,andthegatheringbeginsat10:302.Whatdoestheclubneed?A.Adrum.B.Aviolin.C.Two

pianos.【答案】C【詳解】M:Whatareyouthinkingabout?W:Iwanttojointheschoolmusicclub.Themusicteachersaidmanystudentshadpickedviolinandsheonlyneededtwomorepianos.ButIlikethedrum.3.Whydoesthemanfeelsorryforthewoman?A.Hermotherwasill.B.ShefailedtomeetEmma.C.Shemissedthepicnic.【答案】A【原文】M:That’smyfriendEnmaoverthere.Didn’tyougetachancetomeetheratthepicniclastmonth?W:IwishIcouldhave,butIwastakingcareofmymotherthen.Shewasn’tfeelingwell.M:I’msosorrytohearthat.4.Wheredidthewomanprobablyplayfootball?A.Intheyard.B.Inthepark.C.Inthestreet.【答案】C【原文】W:We’resosorry,uncle.I’veneverthoughtthattheballwouldhitthewindowintheyard.M:Haven’tItoldyounottoplayinthestreet?W:We’rereallysorry.We’llgototheparknightnow.5.What’stheconversationmainlyabout?A.Repairingacar.B.Handlinganaccident.C.Improvingdrivingskills.【答案】B【原文】W:I’mverysorry,sir.I’llpayforthedamages.M:Ihopeyouwilldrivemorecarefullyinthefuture.W:Iwill.Pleasesendmethebillfortherepairsassoonaspossible.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。6.WhatdoesRonthinkofhiscookingability?A.Basic.B.Creative.C.Expert.7.WhydoesRonprefergrilling?A.Itissimple.B.Itisdoneoutside.C.Itproducestastyfood.【答案】6.A7.C【原文】W:Hi,Ron.Canyoucook?M:Iwouldn’tsayI’machef,butIdocook,Icaneatanything,soIdon’ttryveryhardtomakeittastegood.W:Whatdoyouliketocook?M:Iliketobarbecueoutsideonthegrill.W:Whatdoyouputonyourbarbecue?M:Mostlymeat.Ikeepthespicessimple,justsaltandpepper.It’samazinghowthesebasicflavorscanenhancethetaste,especiallycomparedtosteamingorstewing.W:Thatsoundsgreat,Ican’twaittotryitsometime.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。8.Whatanimaldoesthewomanprobablyprefer?A.Rabbits.B.Snakes.C.Parrots.9.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inthezoo.B.Inapetshop.C.Inananimalshelter.10.Whatwillthewomandonext?A.Gohome.B.Haveaparty.C.Stayhere.【答案】8.A9.B10.C【原文】W:Wow,lookatallthesnakes.M:Yes,somanydifferenttypes,IliketoseethemwhenIcomehere.W:Oh,listen!Icanhearbirdssingingsomewhere.M:Yes.Theyhaveparrotsandotherbirds.W:TheyareallgoodbutIlikesoft,andfurryanimalsthebest.M:Theyhavedogs,cats,rabbitsandothers.W:Great.M:Bytheway,Ihavetobuysomefoodformydoghereandthengohome.W:I’mimpressedwiththeanimalsandwanttohaveagoodlook.M:Absolutely,takeyourtime.Rememberthepartytonight.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。11.WhatworriesClare?A.Takingacourse.B.Havinganexam.C.Makingnotes.12.Whatistheman’sviewonthenotes?A.Theyarequiteformal.B.Theyareperfectlycomplete.C.Theyareunnecessarilylong.13.Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?A.Usesymbols.B.Improvememory.C.Rememberkeyterms.【答案】11.B12.C13.A【原文】M:What’sthematter,Clare?W:I’vegotahistoryexamonFriday,andI’mworriedI’llfailit.M:Why?You’rebrilliantathistory.W:Yes.ButlookattheamountofinformationIneedtoremember.Thesearemynotesfromtoday.M:Thesearen’tnotes!Theselookmorelikeafulltext.W:Whatdoyoumean?M:Youdon’tneedtocopyeverythingwordforword.“Notes”shouldbebrief,focusingonkeytermsandconcepts.Youcanconsiderdrawingsymbols,theycanbereallyeffectivememoryaidsandyoudon’tneedtowritesomanywordsW:That’sagreatidea!聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。14.WhathappenedtoLauraintheSouthPole?A.Herfingersgothurt.B.Herglassesbroke.C.Somestoriesfrightenedher.15.WhywasthetriptoAustraliatheworstone?A.Thelaptopwasstolen.B.Theownerfailedhisduty.C.Thepolicewereunprofessional.16.HowdoesLauraspendanormalholiday?A.Byreadingalot.B.Bylearningboatriding.C.Byenjoyingherselfleisurely.17.WhatisLaura’snextplan?A.Goingtoislands.B.Gettingmarried.C.Climbingamountain.【答案】14.B15.A16.C17.A【原文】M:Hi,Laura,welcome!So,youmaketelevisionprogrammesabouttravel.Howoftenareyouawayfromhome?W:Alot,Lastsummer,IwasawayalmosteverySaturdayandSundayforabouttwomonths.M:Whichisthecoldestplaceyou’veevertravelledto?W:TheSouthPole.BeforeIwent,Iheardlotsofbadstoriesaboutpeoplelosingtheirfingersandtoes.Luckily,thatdidn’thappentomebutmyglassesdidbreak!M:Andwhatwasyourworsttrip?W:Oh,Australia.WhenIgotbacktomyhotel,thedoorwasopenandmylaptopwasmissing!Theowneractedveryquickly,tellingmethepolicewouldhandleeverything.Despitetheirbesteffortstoinvestigate,unfortunately,mylaptopwasneverrecoveredM:I’msorrytohearthat.Andyourfavoritetrip?W:Turkey.Idrovetothesea.M:Whatisanormalholidayforyouwhenyouarenotworking?W:Um..Iprefertositbythepoolwithabook,goforawalkinalocalpark,orhaveagentleboatrideonalake.Itisgreatnottobebusy!M:Whereareyougoingnext?W:I’mgoingtoBarbados.Myfriend’sgettingmarriedthere,soI’mgoingtovisitsomeoftheotherislandsinthearea,too,I’dalsolovetogotothemountains,butIwon’thaveanytime.聽下面一段獨白，回答以下小題。18.Wheredidthespeakerusetoliveasachild?A.Inthecity.B.Inavillage.C.Inthetown.19.Whatdoesthespeakerdo?A.Sheisawriter.B.Sheisaneditor.C.Sheisavillageofficial.20.Whydoesthespeakergobacktothetree?A.Todisplayhersuccess.B.Togetinspiration.C.Toshowherregret.【答案】18.B19.A20.B【原文】W:It’sbeenaroundformorethan200years,standingattheentrancetomyvillage.Theoldtreeissobigthatittakestwopeopletohugitproperly.WhenIwasakidheadingtoschoolintown,I’dwalkpastiteveryday,Backthen,Iwastooworriedaboutstayingfedandwarmtothinkmuchofit,itwasjustatree,asordinaryasanyrockonthesideoftheroad.Thenafteryearsofhardstudy,waitingformycollegeletter,Ifoundmyselfstaringatthattree,hopingforgoodnews.Dayspassedwhenitfeltlike,somehow,thistreeandIhadbuiltupthisbond,thisfriendship.Andguesswhat?Thelettercame.WhenIwenttothecityforcollegethatSeptember,walkingpastthattreehitmehard.Ilookedback,andthroughitsbranches,Icouldseemyhome,myfamilywavinggoodbye.FastforwardtowhenIwas21,Iusedtoworkinavillage.ThereweretimesIjustfelttheurgetoseethattreeandmyfamily,soI’dwalkthosethirtykilometersofmountainroads,Andyouknowwhat?AsIgotintowriting,thattreefounditswayintomystories,Iamsuccessful.However,whenIfindmyselfstuckinmywriting,Iwillgobacktoseeit.It’sfortunatehowatreeIoncepassedwithoutasecondthoughthasbecomesuchabigpartofmylife.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中,選出最佳選項。AWanttoknowalltheins-and-outsregardingtheParis2024Olympics?Thenyou’vecometotherightplace!BelowyouwillfindalltheinformationaboutthenewOlympicsports.OlympicskateboardingWhowillfollowinthefootstepsofMomijiNishiya,thefirstOlympicskateboardingchampion,whowascrownedatthelastGamesattheageof13?TheanswerwillberevealedinParisthissummer.Speed,technique,masteryoftheboardwillberequiredtosuccessfullyperformthemostbeautifultricks.OlympicsportsclimbingWithitssecondtimeenteringtheOlympics,sportsclimbinghasthreebranches:Speed,Bouldering(抱石攀巖)andLead.Speedisallaboutthespeedofclimbing.BoulderingisallaboutclimbingaboulderonawallandLeadrequiresathletestoclimbadifficultroute20metershigh.OlympicsurfingTheOlympicswillbeheldinParis,butwhataboutOlympicsurfing?Thereisonevenue(場地)thatisliterallyontheothersideoftheworld.ThelocationTeahupoo,ontheislandofTahiti,iswhereOlympicsurfingwilltakeplace.ThisislandispartofFrenchPolynesia,betweenAustraliaandSouthAmerica.OlympicbreakdancingBreakdancingisthenewOlympicsportthatwillmakeitsfirstappearanceinParis2024.Howtoestablishagradingsystemwithouttakingawaytheartisticfreedomatthesametime?Thepointsshouldbebasedoncreativityandmusicality,agrayareathatdependsalotonfeelingandthushasalotofsubjectivitytoit.Lookingforahandylistofallsports?Clickhere!ThroughoutParisthereareallkindsofstadiumsandarenas(競技場)wheresportingeventsareheld.NotonlyParisitself,butalsothesurroundingsuburbsofthecapitalofFrancesetthestagefortheOlympicGames!21.WhichsportisenteringtheOlympicsforthefirsttimeinParis2024?A.Olympicskateboarding. B.Olympicsportsclimbing.C.Olympicsurfing. D.Olympicbreakdancing.22.Whichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrect?A.Olympicskateboardingrequiresahighlevelofphysicalstrength.B.ThreebranchesofOlympicsportsclimbingevaluatevarioussidesofskills.C.AlltheabovefourOlympiceventswillbeheldinParis.D.ThescoringofOlympicbreakdancingishighlyobjective.23.Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?A.Asportswebsite. B.Ahealthmagazine.C.Atravelbrochure. D.AnOlympicnewsreport.【答案】21.D22.B23.A【語篇解讀】本文體裁為應用文。文章結構清晰地介紹了2024年巴黎奧運會中新增的幾個體育項目，包括奧運滑板、攀巖、沖浪和霹靂舞，提供了每個項目的基本規(guī)則、特點及注意事項等信息，旨在為讀者提供關于巴黎奧運會的新項目概況。【21題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。由文章Olympicbreakdancing部分中“BreakdancingisthenewOlympicsportthatwillmakeitsfirstappearanceinParis2024(霹靂舞是新的奧運項目，將在2024年巴黎奧運會上首次亮相。)”可知，奧運霹靂舞將在2024年巴黎奧運會上首次亮相。故選D?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。由文章Olympicsportsclimbing部分“WithitssecondtimeenteringtheOlympics,sportsclimbinghasthreebranches:Speed,Bouldering(抱石攀巖)andLead.Speedisallaboutthespeedofclimbing.BoulderingisallaboutclimbingaboulderonawallandLeadrequiresathletestoclimbadifficultroute20metershigh.(第二次進入奧運會的運動攀巖有三個分支：速度攀巖、抱石攀巖和難度攀巖。速度與攀巖的速度有關。抱石就是在墻上爬一塊巨石，而難度攀巖則要求運動員爬一條20米高的高難度路線。)”可知，攀巖運動有三個項目：速度攀巖、抱石攀巖和難度攀巖，分別評估了攀巖速度、技巧和難度等多方面的技能。故選B?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是由文章第一段“Wanttoknowalltheins-and-outsregardingtheParis2024Olympics?Thenyou’vecometotherightplace!BelowyouwillfindalltheinformationaboutthenewOlympicsports.(想知道關于2024年巴黎奧運會的所有細節(jié)嗎？那你來對地方了！下面你會發(fā)現(xiàn)所有關于新奧運項目的信息。)”可知，該文主要介紹了2024年巴黎奧運會中的新項目，包括滑板、攀巖、沖浪和霹靂舞等，提供了這些項目的具體信息。這顯然是與體育賽事相關的介紹，因此最有可能來源于一個體育網(wǎng)站。故選A。BEva,theBelgianMalinois,ishomenow,gettingawell-deservedrestsurroundedbynewtoysafternearlydyingwhileprotectingherhumanfromamountainlion.TheattackhappenedonMay16innorthernCaliforniawhen24-year-oldErinWilsonheadeddownapathtowardtheTrinityRiverbeforeshefoundherselfcorneredbyamountainlion.“Iwasjustwalkingdowntheslopewiththedogrunningaheadof’me.Iturnedaroundandtherewasthiscatjustgrowlingatmeanditattackedme,”WilsontoldNPR.“IscreamedforEvaandshecamerunning.”Mountainlionattacksonhumansareincrediblyrare.Since1890,Californiahasrecordedonlysixfatalmountainlionattacksbecauseoftheanimal’sgenerallyshy,reclusive(獨處的)nature.Theirpreferredpreyisdeer,whicharenormallyinabundanceintheirforestedhabitat,butrecentdroughtconditionshavemadefoodscarceinsomeareas.Wilsonthoughtthattheseconditionsmadethesuddenappearanceofaslimwomanlooklikeanattractiveoption.Toprotectherhuman,EvaleaptbetweenWilsonandthelion,tacklingthewildcatandembarkedonalife-and-deathstrugglebetweenthetwoanimals.Afterashortfight,themountainliongotitsjawsaroundEva’sheadandWilsonfoughttofreeherdog.hittingthelionwithrocksinanattempttobreakitsgrip.Eventually,WilsonranbacktohertruckandflaggeddownpassingmotoristSharonHoustonFetchinganironbarfromhertruck.WilsonandHoustonranbackdownthetrailandtheircombinedeffortsmanagedtofrightenthebigcatoff.Woundedherselfandshakenbytheexperience,WilsonstillmanagedtocarryEvabacktotheAnimalHospital.The2-year-olddogdidn’tneedsurgery,butherwoundswerestillextensive.EvalefttheanimalhospitalonMay19withsurgicaltapewrappedaroundbothherfrontpaws,andtheveterinariansaidshemightlosesightinherlefteye.24.WhatmadeErinWilsonthetargetofthemountainlion?A.Theabundantdeerintheirforestedhabitat.B.Thelackofpreyduetoextremeconditions.C.Themountainlion’sshyandreclusivenature.D.TheslimandattractiveappearanceofWilson.25.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“embarkedon”meaninparagraph4?A.Proceededwith. B.Dawnedon. C.Wrappedup. D.Kickedoff26.HowdidWilsondrivethemountainlionoff?A.Shefreedadogandthrewrocksatitfiercely.B.Shestoppedapassingdriverandbrokeitsgrip.C.Shegatheredlocalpeopleandshoutedloudlyatit.D.Sheusedatoolandscareditawaywithanotherdriver.27.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeEvaaccordingtothepassage?A.Heroicandloyal. B.Obedientandadorable.C.Friendlyanddependable. D.Courageousandnaughty.【答案】24.B25.D26.D27.A【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了一只勇敢的狗Eva在山獅襲擊主人時勇敢保護主人的故事?！?4題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Theirpreferredpreyisdeer,whicharenormallyinabundanceintheirforestedhabitat,butrecentdroughtconditionshavemadefoodscarceinsomeareas.Wilsonthoughtthattheseconditionsmadethesuddenappearanceofaslimwomanlooklikeanattractiveoption.(它們最喜歡的獵物是鹿，通常在它們的森林棲息地有大量的鹿，但最近的干旱使一些地區(qū)的食物短缺。Wilson認為，這些條件使得一個突然出現(xiàn)的苗條女人看起來是一個有吸引力的選擇。)”可知，ErinWilson認為自己成為山獅的目標是因為最近的干旱使當?shù)芈箻O度缺乏。故選B?！?5題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線單詞前的“Toprotectherhuman,EvaleaptbetweenWilsonandthelion,tacklingthewildcat(Eva跳到了Wilson和獅子之間，抓住了獅子，)”以及空后的“alife-and-deathstrugglebetweenthetwoanimals.(兩只動物之間的生死搏斗。)”可推測，兩只動物之間開始了生死搏斗。選項A“Proceededwith(繼續(xù))”；選項B“Dawnedon(開始理解)”；選項C“Wrappedup(包裝)”；選項D“Kickedoff(開始)”。故選D?！?6題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Afterashortfight,themountainliongotitsjawsaroundEva’sheadandWilsonfoughttofreeherdog.hittingthelionwithrocksinanattempttobreakitsgrip.Eventually,WilsonranbacktohertruckandflaggeddownpassingmotoristSharonHoustonFetchinganironbarfromhertruck.WilsonandHoustonranbackdownthetrailandtheircombinedeffortsmanagedtofrightenthebigcatoff.(經(jīng)過短暫的搏斗，山獅咬住了Eva的頭，Wilson奮力解救了她的狗。用石頭砸獅子，試圖掙脫它的束縛。最后，Wilson跑回她的卡車，示意路過的司機SharonHouston停下來，從她的卡車上取下一根鐵棒。Wilson和Houston沿著小路跑回去，她們的共同努力成功地把這只山獅嚇跑了。)”可知，Wilson使用了石頭砸獅子，然后從一個過路的司機Houston的車上取下一根鐵棒，一起嚇跑了山獅。故選D。【27題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“WilsontoldNPR.“IscreamedforEvaandshecamerunning.”(Wilson告訴NPR?！拔壹饨兄癊va，她就跑過來了?！?”以及文章第四段“Toprotectherhuman,EvaleaptbetweenWilsonandthelion,tacklingthewildcatandembarkedonalife-and-deathstrugglebetweenthetwoanimals.(為了保護她的主人，Eva跳到了Wilson和獅子之間，抓住了獅子，開始了兩只動物之間的生死搏斗。)”可知，Eva忠誠且勇敢。故選A。CWhencaughtintherain,wehaveallrunforcover—oftentoanearbytree.Ontheway,westepovershort-livedpuddlesandhastilyformedstreams,marvelingathowquicklythesoilchangesfromsupportiveandpredictabletountrustworthy:slippery,soft,andspongy.Atfirstchancewetendtoflee,skippingfurtherobservation.Giventhatdirectobservationsareoftenimpracticable,remoteobservationsystemsarecrucialforcapturingphenomenathatarefrequentandunpredictable.However,theBimbachecommunityofElHierroobservedwaterrunningdowntreebarkduringfogeventsandcaptureditforlifeandagriculturein1764.Ifmorecontemporaryhydrologists(水文學家)hadwatchedfogbytrees,forestmanagersmaynothaveloggedtheBullRunWatershed,whichreducedlocalrainfallby30%in1982.Watersciencefacescriticismbecauseofa“technooptimismthattriestosolveallproblems”.Infact,thisissueextendsbeyondwaterscience.AninterdisciplinaryresearchteamledbyJohnT.VanStanfromClevelandStateUniversityarguesthatscientistsshouldgobeyondthelaboratorytodirectlyobserveweatherphenomena.Theresearchersinsistthathands-onobservationofstormeventsiscrucialforcomprehendingthecomplexitiesofwetweather.“Naturalscientistsseemincreasinglycontenttostaydryandrelyonremotesensorsandsamplers,models,andvirtualexperimentstounderstandnaturalsystems.Consequently,wecanmissimportantstormyphenomena,imaginativeinspirations,andopportunitiestobuildintuition—allofwhicharecriticaltoscientificprogress,”saidVanStan’steam.Thistypeof“umbrellascience”,theywarn,canmissimportantlocalizedevents.Forinstance,indescribingrainwater’sflowfromtheforesttreetopstothesoils,theauthorsnotethat“ifseveralbranchesefficientlycaptureandcarrystormwaterstothestem,rainwaterinputstonear-stemsoilscanbemorethan100timesgreater.”Likewise,watervapor(水蒸氣)cloudstrappedbeneathforesttreetopcoversmayescaperemotedetection,yetbesensitivetoscientistsontheground.Atthebroaderscale,theseoversightscanaffectGroundEarthsystemsmodels,whichoftenunderestimateforesttreetopwaterstorage.Directobservation,however,hasgonebeyondmakingupfortheshortcomingsof“umbrellascience.”VanStanandcolleaguesseecorevalueinfirsthandstormexperiences—notonlyfornaturalscientists,butalsostudentsstudyingclimatechangeimpactsonecosystems.28.Howdopeopletendtoreacttorain?A.Inadefensivemanner. B.Inascientificmanner.C.Withawait-and-seeattitude. D.Withanobservation-orientedattitude.29.Whyaretheexamplesinparagraph2used?A.Toarguethatdirectobservationsareunachievable.B.Toprovethatdistanceobservationsystemsmakesense.C.Tojustifydirectobservationthatisassumedunworkable.D.Tojokeabouttechnooptimismthatfailstosolveallproblem.30.WhatdoesVanStan’sresearchteamargueintermsofhands-onobservation?A.Itiseffortlessandprecise. B.Itisvirtualandaccepted.C.Itiscomplexyettime-saving. D.Itiscrucialyetoverlooked31.Whatwouldtheauthorprobablydiscussintheparagraphthatfollows?A.Thegroundsofstartingtheresearch.B.Thescientificvaluesofconductingtheresearch.C.Thestrengthsoftheresearchforeco-majorlearners.D.Theexpertevaluationsoftheresearchacrossdisciplines.【答案】28.A29.C30.D31.C【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要討論了直接觀察自然現(xiàn)象的重要性，特別是在水文學領域?！?8題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Whencaughtintherain,wehaveallrunforcover—oftentoanearbytree.Ontheway,westepovershort-livedpuddlesandhastilyformedstreams,marvelingathowquicklythesoilchangesfromsupportiveandpredictabletountrustworthy:slippery,soft,andspongy.Atfirstchancewetendtoflee,skippingfurtherobservation.(下雨的時候，我們都會跑去躲雨——通常是跑到附近的一棵樹上。在路上，我們跨過短暫的水坑和倉促形成的溪流，驚嘆于土壤是如何迅速地從支持和可預測變成不可靠的：滑，軟，海綿狀。一有機會，我們往往會逃跑，跳過進一步的觀察。)”可知，面對下雨，人們通常會以防御的方式躲雨。故選A?！?9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Giventhatdirectobservationsareoftenimpracticable,remoteobservationsystemsarecrucialforcapturingphenomenathatarefrequentandunpredictable.However,theBimbachecommunityofElHierroobservedwaterrunningdowntreebarkduringfogeventsandcaptureditforlifeandagriculturein1764.Ifmorecontemporaryhydrologists(水文學家)hadwatchedfogbytrees,forestmanagersmaynothaveloggedtheBullRunWatershed,whichreducedlocalrainfallby30%in1982.(鑒于直接觀測往往不可行，遠程觀測系統(tǒng)對于捕捉頻繁和不可預測的現(xiàn)象至關重要。然而，ElHierro的Bimbache社區(qū)在霧事件期間觀察到水從樹上流下，并在1764年將其捕獲用于生活和農(nóng)業(yè)。如果當時更多的水文學家能觀察到樹下的霧，森林管理者可能就不會砍伐布爾朗流域的樹木了。布爾朗流域在1982年使當?shù)氐慕涤炅繙p少了30%。)”可知，作者在第二段使用例子是為了告訴讀者，為了證明直接觀察是不可行的。故選C。【30題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“AninterdisciplinaryresearchteamledbyJohnT.VanStanfromClevelandStateUniversityarguesthatscientistsshouldgobeyondthelaboratorytodirectlyobserveweatherphenomena.Theresearchersinsistthathands-onobservationofstormeventsiscrucialforcomprehendingthecomplexitiesofwetweather.(克利夫蘭州立大學的JohnT.VanStan領導的一個跨學科研究小組認為，科學家應該走出實驗室，直接觀察天氣現(xiàn)象。研究人員堅持認為，親自觀察風暴事件對于理解潮濕天氣的復雜性至關重要。)”以及第四段““Naturalscientistsseemincreasinglycontenttostaydryandrelyonremotesensorsandsamplers,models,andvirtualexperimentstounderstandnaturalsystems.Consequently,wecanmissimportantstormyphenomena,imaginativeinspirations,andopportunitiestobuildintuition—allofwhicharecriticaltoscientificprogress,”saidVanStan’steam.(“自然科學家似乎越來越滿足于保持干燥，依靠遠程傳感器和采樣器、模型和虛擬實驗來了解自然系統(tǒng)。因此，我們可能會錯過重要的風暴現(xiàn)象、富有想象力的靈感和建立直覺的機會——所有這些對科學進步至關重要，”VanStan的團隊說。)”可知，VanStan的研究小組認為實際觀察對于理解潮濕天氣的復雜性至關重要，但是自然科學家似乎越來越滿足于保持干燥，依靠遠程傳感器和采樣器、模型和虛擬實驗來了解自然系統(tǒng)。故選D?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Directobservation,however,hasgonebeyondmakingupfortheshortcomingsof“umbrellascience.”VanStanandcolleaguesseecorevalueinfirsthandstormexperiences—notonlyfornaturalscientists,butalsostudentsstudyingclimatechangeimpactsonecosystems.(然而，直接觀察已經(jīng)超越了彌補“傘科學”的缺陷。VanStan和他的同事看到了第一手風暴經(jīng)驗的核心價值——不僅對自然科學家，而且對研究氣候變化對生態(tài)系統(tǒng)影響的學生。)”可知，文章作者接下來會談論第一手風暴經(jīng)驗對于對研究氣候變化對生態(tài)系統(tǒng)影響的學生和科學家的優(yōu)勢。故選C。DImaginethis.YouneedanimageofaballoonforaworkpresentationandturntoanAItext-to-imagegeneratortocreateasuitableimage.Youentertheprompt(提示詞)“redballoonagainstabluesky”butthegeneratorreturnsanimageofanegginstead.What’sgoingon?Thegeneratoryou’reusingmayhavebeen“poisoned”.Whatdoesthismean?Text-to-imagegeneratorsworkbybeingtrainedonlargedatasetsthatincludemillionsorbillionsofimages.Someofthegeneratorshavebeentrainedbyindiscriminatelyscrapingonlineimages,manyofwhichmaybeundercopyright.Thishasledtomanycopyrightinfringement(侵害)caseswhereartistshaveaccusedbigtechcompaniesofstealingandprofitingfromtheirwork.Thisisalsowheretheideaof“poison”comesin.Researcherswhowanttoempowerindividualartistshaverecentlycreatedatoolnamed“Nightshade”tofightbackagainstunauthorisedimagescraping.Thetoolworksbyslightlyalteringanimage’spixels(像素)inawaythatconfusesthecomputervisionsystembutleavestheimageunalteredtoahuman’seyes.IfanorganizationthenscrapesoneoftheseimagestotrainafutureAImodel,itsdatapoolbecomes“poisoned”.Thiscanresultinmistakenlearning,whichmakesthegeneratorreturnunintendedresults.Asinourearlierexample,aballoonmightbecomeanegg.Thehigherthenumberof“poisoned”imagesinthetrainingdata,thegreatertheimpact.BecauseofhowgenerativeAIworks,thedamagefrom“poisoned”imagesalsoaffectsrelatedpromptkeywords.Possibly,toolslikeNightshadecanbeabusedbysomeuserstointentionallyupload“poisoned”imagesinordertoconfuseAIgenerators.ButtheNightshade’sdeveloperhopesthetoolwillmakebigtechcompaniesmorerespectfulofcopyright.Itdoeschallengeacommonbeliefamongcomputerscientiststhatdatafoundonlinecanbeusedforanypurposetheyseefit.Humanrightsactivists,forexample,havebeenconcernedforsometimeabouttheindiscriminateuseofmachinevisioninwidersociety.Thisconcernisparticularlyseriousconcerningfacialrecognition.Thereisaclearconnectionbetweenfacialrecognitioncasesanddatapoisoning,asbothrelatetolargerquestionsaroundtechnologicalgovernance.Itmaybebettertoseedatapoisoningasaninnovativesolutiontothedenialofsomefundamentalhumanrights.32.Theunderlinedword“scraping”(para.2)isclosestinmeaningto______.A.facilitating B.collecting C.damaging D.polishing33.Accordingtothepassage,addingpoisoneddatamight______.A.increasetheaccuracyofreturnedinformationB.leaduserstoforgetthepromptkeywordsC.causetroubletowiththetrainingofgenerativeAID.discriminateagainstgreatmasterpieces34.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Datapoisoningissomehowjustifiedtodirectattentiontohumanrights.B.Computerscientistshaslearnedtorespectthecopyrightofmostartists.C.Nightshadeisbeingabusedbyhumanrightsactiviststorecognizefaces.D.Theissueoftechnologicalgovernancehasarousedthelawyers’interest,35.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.DataPoisoning:GovernmentEmpoweringCitizenstoProtectThemselvesB.DataPoisoning:AddressingFacialRecognitionIssuesAmongArtistsC.DataPoisoning:RisksandRewardsofGenerativeAIDataTrainingD.DataPoisoning:RestrictingInnovationorEmpoweringArtists【答案】32.B33.C34.A35.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。本文介紹了一種名為“Nightshade”的工具，該工具通過微妙地修改圖像的像素來混淆計算機視覺系統(tǒng)，以此對抗未經(jīng)授權的圖像抓取，保護藝術家的版權，同時引發(fā)了對數(shù)據(jù)中毒現(xiàn)象及其對人工智能模型訓練影響的討論。【32題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第二段劃線詞前面的句子“Text-to-imagegeneratorsworkbybeingtrainedonlargedatasetsthatincludemillionsorbillionsofimages.

(文本到圖像生成器是通過在包含數(shù)百萬或數(shù)十億圖像的大型數(shù)據(jù)集上進行訓練來工作的。)”可知，生成器是通過對大型數(shù)據(jù)集進行訓練來工作的，這些大型數(shù)據(jù)集包含著數(shù)百萬或者數(shù)十億圖像，由此推斷生成器是通過收集這些數(shù)百萬或者數(shù)十億圖像進行訓練來工作的。同時根據(jù)第二段劃線詞后的“…onlineimages,manyofwhichmaybeundercopyright.Thishasledtomanycopyrightinfringement(侵害)caseswhereartistshaveaccusedbigtechcompaniesofstealingandprofitingfromtheirwork.(……在線圖片，其中許多可能是受版權保護的，這導致了許多侵犯版權的案件，藝術家們指責大型科技公司竊取他們的作品并從中獲利。)”可知，一些生成器是通過不加選擇地抓取在線圖像來訓練的，其中許多圖像可能是受版權保護的，由此導致藝術家對大型科技公司進行指責。由此可推理出劃線詞的含義為“收集”，故選B項?！?3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Thetoolworksbyslightlyalteringanimage’spixels(像素)inawaythatconfusesthecomputervisionsystembutleavestheimageunalteredtoahuman’seyes.IfanorganizationthenscrapesoneoftheseimagestotrainafutureAImodel,itsdatapoolbecomes“poisoned”.Thiscanresultinmistakenlearning,whichmakesthegeneratorreturnunintendedresults.(該工具通過以人類肉眼無法察覺、但能迷惑計算機視覺系統(tǒng)的方式，對圖像的像素進行輕微修改。如果一個組織隨后抓取這些圖像來訓練未來的AI模型，其數(shù)據(jù)池就會變得“中毒”。這可能導致錯誤的學習，使得生成器返回非預期的結果。)”可知，添加“中毒”數(shù)據(jù)可能干擾生成人工智能的訓練，故選C項?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Possibly,toolslikeNightshadecanbeabusedbysomeuserstointentionallyupload“poisoned”imagesinordertoconfuseAIgenerators.ButtheNightshade’sdeveloperhopesthetoolwillmakebigtechcompaniesmorerespectfulofcopyright.

(可能的是，像Nightshade這樣的工具可以被一些用戶濫用，故意上傳“有毒”圖片以混淆AI生成器。但Nightshade的開發(fā)者希望這個工具能讓大型科技公司更加尊重版權。)”以及最后一段“Humanrightsactivists,forexample,havebeenconcernedforsometimeabouttheindiscriminateuseofmachinevisioninwidersociety.

(例如，人權活動家一直對機器視覺在更廣泛社會中的不加選擇使用表示關切)”可推理出，數(shù)據(jù)中毒在某種程度上將人們的注意力引向人權是有道理的，故選