專題11生態(tài)文明-2022年中考英語閱讀理解熱點話題特訓(xùn)

11生態(tài)文明Passage1TheChinesegovernmentraisedtheprotectionlevelofChinesepangolins(穿山甲)tothetoplevelonWorldEnvironmentDay—June5th.Pangolinsusedtobeatthesecondlevelundernationalprotection.Thisactmakespeoplepaymoreattentiontoecologicalcivilization(生態(tài)文明).Italsoshowsourgreatdeterminationtofightagainsttheillegalhunting(非法捕獵)andthetradingofwildanimalsandotherthingsmadefromthem.Accordingtoanationalwildlifestudyinthe1990s,therewereabout60,000Chinesepangolinsin11provinces,includingYunnan,Hunan,Guangdong,SichuanandZhejiang.Untilnow,pangolinshavebeefewerandfewerbecauseofthelivingplacesthatarebeingdestroyed,crazyhuntingandsmuggling.In2017,ChinesepangolinswereplacedontheRedLisofThreatenedSpeciesafterateamofexpertsbelievedtheirnumberhaddroppedby90percentinthepastyears.“Thevalueofpangolinstotheecosystemismuchmorethanthevalueoftheirmeatorscales(鱗).Thereisalongwaytogoinprotectingthem,butwecanstartbysayingnotothingsmadefromthem,”saidZhouFei,chiefprogramofficeroftheWorldWildlifeFundofChina.What’smore,thepangolinhasaverystrongresponse(反應(yīng))tostress,whichmeansthatiteasilybeesnervouswhenitiscaught.PangolinscaleshavebeentakenawayfromtheChinesePharmacopeia(藥典).Itmeansthescaleswillnolongerbeusedasakindofmedicine.1．Now,Chinesepangolinsare________.A．a(chǎn)tthetopprotectionlevel B．a(chǎn)tthesecondprotectionlevelC．a(chǎn)tthethirdprotectionlevel D．notundernationalprotection2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“smuggling”meaninthispassage?A．滅絕 B．走私 C．饑餓 D．自殺3．Asstudents,whatcanwedotoprotectthepangolinsaccordingtothepassage?A．Wecanfightagainsttheillegalhuntersbyourselves.B．Wecanhelptofindmorelivingplacesforthem.C．Wecantellpeoplethevalueoftheirmeatandscales.D．Wecanrefusetobuythingsmadefromthem.4．WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A．Pangolins’numberhasdroppedby80percentinthepastyears.B．PangolinscaleshavebeentakenawayfromtheChinesePharmacopeiaC．Wecanprotectpangolinsinashorttime.D．Thepangolinhardlybeesnervouswhenitiscaught.5．Themainpurposeofthispassageistotellus________.A．whatkindofmedicinepangolinscanbeusedasB．whatvaluepangolinsbringusC．whyourgovernmentraisedtheprotectionlevelofpangolinsD．whypangolinshavebeefewerandfewerPassage2Agrandinternationalhorticultural（園藝）exhibitionkickedoffonApril29,2019MondayinBeijing.ChinesePresidentXiexpressedhishopethatthegreendevelopmentconcept（理念）embodied（體現(xiàn)）bytheExpoparkwouldbespreadto“everycorneroftheworld”.TheInternationalHorticulturalExhibition2019BeijingisthehighestlevelandlargestinternationalfairheldinChinaaftertheInternationalHorticulturalExhibitionheldinthesouthwestcityofKunmingin1999,the2010ShanghaiWorldExpoandthefirstChinaInternationalImportExpoin2018.“Thedevelopmentmodelof‘killingthehensforeggs'and‘draining（排空）thelakeforfish'isatadeadend,"XisaidinhisspeechattheopeningceremonyoftheExpo."Thefuturewillbeilluminated（發(fā)光的）byecofriendlydevelopmentthatisinaccordancewiththerulesofnature.”“China'secologicalcivilization（生態(tài)文明）developmentisonfasttrack.Peoplewillliveinabetterenvironmentwithbluesky,greenmountainsandclearwater,"Xisaid."Weshouldprotecttheecologicalenvironmentlikeprotectingoureyesandvalueitinthesamewaywevalueourlives.”“Onlywithconcertedeffortscanweeffectively（有效）dealwithglobalenvironmentissuessuchasclimatechange,marine（海洋）pollutionandbiologicalprotectionandachievetheUnitedNations2030AgendaforSustainable（可持續(xù)的）Developmentgoals,"hesaid.Heputforwardafivepointsuggestion:pursuing（追求）harmonybetweenhumanandnature,prosperity（繁榮）basedongreendevelopment,apassionformaturecaringlifestyles,ascientificspiritinecologicalgovernanceandjointeffortstodealwithenvironmentalchallenges."TheBeijingHorticulturalExpo,themed‘LiveGreen,LiveBetter',isoneofthemajorinternationaleventshostedbyChinain2019,whichmarksthe70thanniversaryofthefoundingofthePeople'sRepublicofChina.Itindicates（標(biāo)識）thatChinahaschangedfromaparticipant（參與者）inglobalgreendevelopmenttoacontributorandleader,"saidWuShunze,anexpertwiththeMinistryofEcologyandEnvironment.Atotalof110countriesandinternationalorganizationswillattendthe162dayevent.6．Theunderlinedphrase"kickedoff"intheParagraph1means“____________”.A．started B．ended C．celebrated D．joined7．FromthepassagewecanknowthattheInternationalHorticulturalExhibition2019Beijing__________.A．isfirsthostedbyChinaB．iscoveredwithgreenparkC．isheldinKunming,YunnanD．lasts162daysintotal8．Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthatPresidentXi___________.A．thinksecofriendlydevelopmentislessimportantB．gives5suggestionsonecologicalenvironmentC．thinksChina'secologicalcivilizationdevelopmentisslowD．a(chǎn)dvisesustokillthehensforeggstoprotectenvironment9．“Livegreen,LiveBetter”meansthat___________.A．ifweliveinagreenenvironment,wewilllivebetterB．ifwewanttolivebetter,weshouldliveinagreenroomC．greencanchangeglobalenvironmentalproblemseffectivelyD．theworldinthefuturemustbecolouredingreeneverywhere10．Thewriterofthepassagewantstoshowus________.A．thewonderfulopeningceremonyoftheExpoB．ChineseleadershipinglobalgreendevelopmentC．theimportanceofgreendevelopmentconceptD．thefuturegreenenvironmentintheexpoparkPassage3Woulditsurpriseyoutolearnthat,likeanimals,treescanmunicatewitheachotherandpassontheirwealthtothenextgeneration—theiryoungtrees?SuzanneSimard,forestecologist(生態(tài)學(xué)家)attheUniversityofBritishColumbia,explainshowtreesaremuchmoreplex(復(fù)雜的)thanmostofuseverimagined.AlthoughCharlesDarwin(達(dá)爾文)thoughtthattreesarepetingforsurvivalofthefittest,Simardandherteamhavemadeanewdiscoveryandshowedjusthowwronghewas.Infact,theoppositeistrue:treessurvivethroughtheirgroupworkandsupport,passingaroundnecessarynutrition(營養(yǎng))suchasnitrogen(氮)andcarbon"dependingonwhoneedsit".Nitrogen(氮)andcarbonaresharedthroughmilesofundergroundfungi(真菌)networks.Thismakessurethatalltreesintheforestecologicalsystemgiveandreceivejusttherightamounttokeepthemallhealthy.Thissystemworksinaverysimilarwaytothenetworksofneurons(神經(jīng)元)inourbrains,andwhenonetreeisdestroyed,itinfluencesall.Simardtalksabout"Mothertrees".Theseareusuallythelargest,oldestplantsonwhichallothertreesdepend.These"Mothertrees"areconnectedtoalltheothertreesintheforestbythisnetworkoffungi,andmaymanagetheresourcesofthewholetreesandplantsintheforest.Sheexplainshowthesetreespassonthewealthtothenextgeneration,transportingimportantresourcestoyoungtreessotheymaycontinuetogrow.Whenhumanscutdown"Mothertrees"withoutpayingattentiontothesehighlyplex"treesocieties"ofthenetworksonwhichtheyfeed,wearereducingthechancestosavethewholeforest."Wedidn'ttakeanynoticeofit,"Simardsayssadly."Mothertrees"movenutritionintotheyoungtreesbeforedying,butwenevergivethemchance.Ifwecouldputacrossthemessagetotheforestryindustry,wecouldmakeahugedifferencetowardsourenvironmentalprotectioneffortsforthefuture.11．Theunderlinedsentence"theoppositeistrue"inParagraph2probablymeansthattrees________.A．peteforsurvival B．protecttheirownwealthC．dependoneachother D．providesupportfordyingtrees12．"Mothertrees"areveryimportantbecausethey________.A．lookthelargestinsizeintheforest B．passonnutritiontoyoungtreesC．bringmorewealthtohumans D．knowmoreaboutthe"treesocieties"13．Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat________.A．treesaren'tasplexaswethinkB．CharlesDarwinhadthesameopinionasSimardC．if"Mothertrees"arecutdown,theywon'tmakedifferencetoyoungtreesD．treescanshareresourceswithotheronesbytheundergroundfunginetworksPassage4Woulditsurpriseyoutolearnthat,likeanimals,treescanmunicatewitheachotherandpassontheirwealthtothenextgenerationtheiryoungtrees?SuzanneSimard,forestecologist(生態(tài)學(xué)家)attheUniversityofBritishColumbia,explainshowtreesaremuchmoreplex(復(fù)雜的)thanmostofuseverimagined.AlthoughCharlesDarwin(達(dá)爾文)thoughtthattreesarepetingforsurvivalofthefittest,Simardandherteamhavemadeanewdiscoveryandshowedjusthowwronghewas.Infact,theoppositeistrue:treessurvivethroughtheirgroupworkandsupport,passingaroundnecessarynutrition(營養(yǎng))suchasnitrogen(氮)andcarbon“dependingonwhoneedsit”.Nitrogen(氮)andcarbonaresharedthroughmilesofundergroundfungi(真菌)networks.Thismakessurethatalltreesintheforestecologicalsystemgiveandreceivejusttherightamounttokeepthemallhealthy.Thissystemworksinaverysimilarwaytothenetworksofneurons(神經(jīng)元)inourbrains,andwhenonetreeisdestroyed,itinfluencesall.Simardtalksabout“Mothertrees”.Theseareusuallythelargest,oldestplantsthatonwhichallothertreesdepend.These“Mothertrees”areconnectedtoalltheothertreesintheforestbythisnetworkoffungi,andmaymanagetheresourcesofthewholetreesandplantsintheforest.Sheexplainshowthesetreespassonthewealthtothenextgeneration,transportingimportantresourcestoyoungtreessotheymaycontinuetogrow.Whenhumanscutdown“Mothertrees”withoutpayingattentiontothesehighlyplex“treesocieties”ofthenetworksonwhichtheyfeed,wearereducingthechancestosavethewholeforest.“Wedidn’ttakeanynoticeofit,”Simardsayssadly.“Mothertrees”movenutritionintotheyoungtreesbeforedying,butwenevergivethemchance.Ifwecouldputacrossthemessagetotheforestryindustry,wecouldmakeahugedifferencetowardsourenvironmentalprotectioneffortsforthefuture.14．Theunderlinedsentence“theoppositeistrue”inParagraph2probablymeansthattrees.A．peteforsurvivalB．protecttheirownwealthC．dependoneachotherD．providesupportfordyingtrees15．“Mothertrees”areveryimportantbecausethey.A．lookthelargestinsizeintheforestB．passonnutritiontoyoungtreesC．bringmorewealthtohumansD．knowmoreaboutthe“treesocieties”16．Theunderlinedword“it”inthelastparagraphrefersto(指代).A．how“treesocieties”workB．howtreesgrowoldC．howforestryindustrydevelopsD．howyoungtreessurvive17．Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat.A．treesaren’tasplexaswethink.B．CharlesDarwinhadthesameopinionasSimard.C．if“Mothertrees”arecutdown,theywon’tmakedifferencetoyoungtrees.D．treescanshareresourceswithotheronesbytheundergroundfunginetworksPassage5Whatdopeopleusuallyputintheirlivingrooms?PerhapsyouwillthinkofsomethingsuchasaTV,acoffeetableorasofa.ButFrenchdesigners（設(shè)計師）MathieuLehanneurandAnthonyvandenBosschedidn’tthinkthatwasenough.Theywantedtoaddsomethingnewinpeople’slivingrooms.Sotheycreatedadoityourselfecosystem(生態(tài)系統(tǒng))named“LocalRiver”.Thesystemletsitsownergrowfishandplantsinsidetanks（缸）intheirlivingrooms.IntheDIYfishandgardeningecosystem,theplantsontopofthetankfeedonthewasteofthefishbelow.Itmakesthewatercleansothefishcangoonliving.Inthisway,thefishandplantsinthe“LocalRiver”cankeepthebalancedenvironmentwithalittlehelpfromtheowner.Thesystemisalsocalled“fridgeaquarium(冰箱水族館)”bysomepeoplebecauseownerscanusethefishandplantsasfood.Thatistosay,ownersareabletogrowfishandplantswithinthe"LocalRiver"beforeeatingthem.Almostanyplantcangrowontopofthetanksandmostfreshwaterfishareabletoliveinthetanksbelow.The“LocalRiver”ecosystemfromParisesinsmallandlargemodels.Itisarelaxingthingtohaveinyourhome.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選擇最佳答案。18．Wherearethedesignersofthe“LocalRiver”?A．TheyarefromFrance.B．TheyarefromEngland.C．TheyarefromtheUS.D．TheyarefromGermany.19．Whatdoesthesystemletitsownergrow?A．FishandcropsB．flowersandgrassC．PlantsandflowersD．Fishandplants20．Howdotheplantsofthesystemgrow?A．Byfeedingonthefish.B．Byfeedingonthewater.C．Byfeedingonthefishwaste.D．Byfeedingonthefishfood.21．Whyisthesystemcalled“fridgeaquarium”bysomepeople?A．Becausethetankcanbeputinthefridge.B．Becauseownerscangrowfishandplantsinit.C．Becauseownerscaneatthefishandplantsinit.D．Becauseownerscangrowthefishandplantsinitandsellthem.22．Whatcanweknowfromthepassage?A．Allfishareabletoliveinthetanksbelow.B．The“LocalRiver”ecosystemisarelaxingthingtohaveathome.C．The"LocalRiver"cankeepthebalancedenvironmentallbyitself.D．IntheDIYfishandgardeningecosystem,theplantsgrowunderthetankPassage6Whatdopeopleusuallyputintheirlivingrooms?PerhapsyouwillthinkofsomethingsuchasaTV,acoffeetableorasofa.ButFrenchdesigners（設(shè)計師）MathieuLehanneurandAnthonyvandenBosschedidn’tthinkthatwasenough.Theywantedtoaddsomethingnewinpeople’slivingrooms.Sotheycreatedadoityourselfecosystem(生態(tài)系統(tǒng))named“LocalRiver”.Thesystemletsitsownergrowfishandplantsinsidetanks（缸）intheirlivingrooms.IntheDIYfishandgardeningecosystem,theplantsontopofthetankfeedonthewasteofthefishbelow.Itmakesthewatercleansothefishcangoonliving.Inthisway,thefishandplantsinthe“LocalRiver”cankeepthebalancedenvironment,andonlyneedalittlehelpfromtheowner.Thesystemisalsocalled“fridgeaquarium(冰箱水族館)”bysomepeoplebecauseownerscanusethefishandplantsasfood.Thatistosay,ownersareabletogrowfishandplantswithinthe"LocalRiver"beforeeatingthem.Almostanyplantcangrowontopofthetanksandmostfreshwaterfishareabletoliveinthetanksbelow.The“LocalRiver”ecosystemfromParisesinsmallandlargemodels.Itisarelaxingthingtohaveinyourhome.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選擇最佳答案。23．Wherearethedesignersofthe“LocalRiver”?A．TheyarefromFrance.B．TheyarefromEngland.C．TheyarefromtheUS.D．TheyarefromGermany.24．Whatdoesthesystemletitsownergrow?A．FishandcropsB．FishandplantsC．PlantsandflowersD．flowersandgrass25．Howdotheplantsofthesystemgrow?A．Byfeedingonthefish.B．Byfeedingonthewater.C．Byfeedingonthefishwaste.D．Byfeedingonthefishfood.26．Whyisthesystemcalled“fridgeaquarium”bysomepeople?A．Becausethetankcanbeputinthefridge.B．Becauseownerscangrowfishandplantsinit.C．Becauseownerscaneatthefishandplantsinit.D．Becauseownerscangrowandeatthefishandplantsinit.27．Whatcanweknowfromthepassage?A．Allfishareabletoliveinthetanksbelow.B．It’srelaxingtohavethe“LocalRiver”ecosystemathome.C．The"LocalRiver"cankeepthebalancedenvironmentbyitself.D．IntheDIYfishandgardeningecosystem,theplantsgrowunderthetank.Passage7Therewasonceakingwhohadagreatpalacewithawonderfulgarden.Inthegarden,therelivedallkindsofanimals.Allofthemenjoyedlivingthere.Therewasonlyonethinginthegardenthatthekinghated:anoldtreeinthecenterofthegarden.Itwassooldanddry.Thismadethekingsoangrythathefinallyaskedsomepeopletocutitdownandturnedtheplaceintoaswimmingpool.However,afterthetreewascutdown,theanimalsleftthegarden.Withouttheanimals,thegardenwasnotsobeautifulasbefore.Thekingwassad,buthedidn’tknowwhathadhappened.Ayoungmanwenttotheking,andsaidhecouldexplainwhathadhappened.“Thiswasbecauseyoucuttheoldtreedown,”saidtheyoungman.“Therewerethousandsofmoths(飛蛾)whichlivedinthetree.Birdsneededthemothstoeatandthentheyproducedwastesforplantstogrow.Theplantsthen_____manyotheranimalstoyourgarden.Soyourgardenbecameverybeautiful.Butasyoucutthetreedown,theanimalshadtoleave.“Excellent!”saidtheking,“I’llmakeyourichandyouwilltrytomakemygardenbeautifulagain.”“I’mafraiditwilltakemanyyearstofinish.Itwilltakemanyyearsforthenaturalbalance(生態(tài)平衡)togetbackagain,”saidtheyoungman.Thekingwassad,butallhecoulddowasjusttowait.28．Whydidthekingcutdowntheoldtree?A．Becausehehatedtheoldanddrytree.B．Becausehewantedtoplantayoungtreethere.C．Becausehedidn’twantmothstoliveinthetree.29．Whatwastheresultafterthetreewascutdown?A．Thegardenwasmorebeautifulthanbefore.B．Theanimalsleftthegarden.C．Thekingwasveryhappy.30．Theunderlinedword“attracted”inParagraph3probablymeans“”inChinese.A．驅(qū)趕B．利用C．吸引31．Iftheyoungmanmadethegardenbeautifulagain,thekingwould.A．beveryangryB．makehimrichC．orderhimtoleave32．Thestorytellsusthat.A．itwilltakemanyyearsforthenaturalbalancetogetbackagainB．it’seasyforustokeepthebalanceofnatureC．oldtreesshouldbecutdownPassage8Allplantsandanimalsareconnectedanddependupononeanother.Theseconnectionscreateawebofdifferenttypesoflifethatareabletoprotectthemselvesfromdamage.However,populationgrowthandclimatechangeareleadingtolessbiodiversity(生態(tài)多樣性)andputtinghumansindanger.Sowhatcanwedotohelpprotectbiodiversityandourenvironment?*Beaninformedconsumer(有見識的用戶)Avoidbuyingfrompaniesthatdodamagetotheenvironment.Remember,panieswillsellwhatpeoplewanttobuy,sotellpaniesthatyouwantproductsthatdonothurtourplanet.*Followthe“ThreeRs”Thelessgarbageyouthrowaway,thelesslikelyitisthatnaturalhabitats(棲息地)willbeusedforlandfills(垃圾填埋).Trytofollowthe“ThreeRs”toproduceaslittlewasteaspossible.Reduce:Don’tbuyproductsyoudon’tneed.Whenyoudobuythings,trytomakechoicesthatleadtoasmalleramountofgarbage.Forexample,buythingswithalittlebitofpackagingornoneatall.Reuse:Throwfewergoodsawaybyusingthingsmorethanonce.Oneeasyexampleistakingareusablebagtothegrocerystore.Recycle:Whenyoudohavetothrowsomethingaway,recycleitsoitcanbemadeintosomethingusefulagain.*________Fossilfuels(化石燃料)arebadfortheenvironment.Theclimatechangetheycausealsoleadstohabitatlossforendangeredanimals.Soreducingcarbonemissions(碳排放)isoneeffectivewaytoprotectbiodiversity.Youcouldstartbyusinglessenergy:Walkorrideyourbikeinsteadofdriving,andthinkaboutgreenenergylikesolarpower.33．Whichofthefollowingshouldweavoiddoingaccordingtothe“ThreeRs”?A．Buyingproductsyouneed. B．Buyingoverpackagedproducts.C．Recyclingwhatyoudon’tneed. D．Usingbagsthatyoucanusemorethanonce.34．Whichofthefollowingshouldgointheblank?A．Protectendangeredanimals. B．Lookforbetterfossilfuels.C．Stopclimatechange. D．Reduceyourcarbonemissions.35．Youmayreadthepassagein________.A．a(chǎn)novel B．a(chǎn)traveldiary C．a(chǎn)guidebook D．a(chǎn)sciencemagazine36．Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?A．Toshowusthingswecandotoprotecttheenvironment.B．Toremindusaboutenvironmentalproblems.C．Toteachushowtoachievebiodiversity.D．Toshowtheimportanceofdevelopinggreenenergy..【答案】1．A2．B3．D4．B5．C【分析】本文主要在談?wù)摯┥郊讛?shù)量減少及其減少的原因，政府提高其保護級別。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“TheChinesegovernmentraisedtheprotectionlevelofChinesepangolinstothetoplevel”可知，中國穿山甲現(xiàn)在是中國高級保護動物，故選A。2．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)“…fightagainsttheillegalhuntingandthetradingofwildanimals”可知，非法捕獵動物和非法交易野生動物，此處表示非法的活動，所以其意思為走私，故選B。3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Thereisalongwaytogoinprotectingthem,butwecanstartbysayingnotothingsmadefromthem,”可知，作為學(xué)生，為了保護穿山甲，我們可以對拒絕買穿山甲制品，故選D。4．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“PangolinscaleshavebeentakenawayfromtheChinesePharmacopeia.”可知，穿山甲鱗片已經(jīng)從《中國藥典》中刪除，因此B項與原文一致，故選B。5．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“TheChinesegovernmentraisedtheprotectionlevelofChinesepangolinstothetoplevelonWorldEnvironmentDay—June5th.”和“ChinesepangolinswereplacedontheRedLisofThreatenedSpeciesafterateamofexpertsbelievedtheirnumberhaddroppedby90percentinthepastyears.”可知，本文主要介紹了中國政府提高了對中國穿山甲的保護級別的原因，故選C。6．A7．D8．B9．A10．C【分析】2019年北世界園藝博覽會的主題是“綠色生活，美麗家園”。中國國家主席習(xí)近平在開幕式上表示，希望世博園區(qū)所體現(xiàn)的綠色發(fā)展理念能夠傳播到“世界的每一個角落”。2019年北京世博會表明中國在全球綠色發(fā)展上，已經(jīng)從一個參與者發(fā)展成為貢獻(xiàn)者和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者。6．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)“ChinesePresidentXiexpressedhishopethatthegreendevelopmentconcept（理念）embodied（體現(xiàn)）bytheExpoparkwouldbespreadto“everycorneroftheworld”.”中國國家主席習(xí)近平表示，希望世博園體現(xiàn)的綠色發(fā)展理念能夠傳播到“世界的每一個角落”?？芍?，上文的kickedoff應(yīng)該是“舉行”的意思，與started同義。故選A。7．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Atotalof110countriesandinternationalorganizationswillattendthe162dayevent.”共有110個國家和國際組織將參加為期162天的活動?？芍?，2019年北京國際園藝展共162天。故選D。8．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Heputforwardafivepointsuggestion:…”他提出了五點建議。可知，習(xí)主席對生態(tài)環(huán)境提出了五點建議。故選B。9．推理判斷題。根據(jù)““China'secologicalcivilization（生態(tài)文明）developmentisonfasttrack.Peoplewillliveinabetterenvironmentwithbluesky,greenmountainsandclearwater,"Xisaid."Weshouldprotecttheecologicalenvironmentlikeprotectingoureyesandvalueitinthesamewaywevalueourlives.””“中國生態(tài)文明建設(shè)正走上快車道?！叭藗儗⑸钤谒{(lán)天、青山、碧水的美好環(huán)境中，”習(xí)近平說，“我們應(yīng)該像保護眼睛一樣保護生態(tài)環(huán)境，用珍視生命的方式珍視生態(tài)環(huán)境?！笨梢酝瞥觥癓ivegreen,LiveBetter”應(yīng)該是如果我們生活在綠色環(huán)境中，我們會生活得更好。故選A。10．主旨大意題。根據(jù)“Heputforwardafivepointsuggestion:…andjointeffortstodealwithenvironmentalchallenges.”可知，習(xí)近平主席的五點建議以及短文的敘述可知，本文說明了綠色發(fā)展理念的重要性。故選C。11．C12．B13．D【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了樹和樹之間不是你死我活的競爭關(guān)系，而是相互依賴的；樹木社會是高度復(fù)雜的網(wǎng)絡(luò)社會?！澳笜洹蓖ㄟ^真菌網(wǎng)絡(luò)與森林中的其他所有樹木相連，管理森林中所有樹木和植物的資源。快要死的“母樹”會將自己的營養(yǎng)傳給小樹，讓它們更好地成長。人們?nèi)绻肋@些現(xiàn)象，就可以更好地保護這些樹。11．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)上文“AlthoughCharlesDarwinthoughtthattreesarepetingforsurvivalofthefittest,Simardandherteamhave…showedjusthowwronghewas.”和下文“treessurvivethroughtheirgroupworkandsupport,passingaroundnecessarynutrition(營養(yǎng))suchasnitrogen(氮)andcarbon'dependingonwhoneedsit'.”可知樹之間其實是互相依賴，這與達(dá)爾文的適者生存的理論恰恰相反，故選C。12．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Sheexplainshowthesetreespassonthewealthtothenextgeneration,transportingimportantresourcestoyoungtreessotheymaycontinuetogrow.”可知“母樹”之所以重要是因為它們會將自己的營養(yǎng)和重要資源等傳給小樹，故選B。13．判斷推理題。根據(jù)第四段中“These"Mothertrees"areconnectedtoalltheothertreesintheforestbythisnetworkoffungi,andmaymanagetheresourcesofthewholetreesandplantsintheforest.”可知，“母樹”通過地下真菌網(wǎng)絡(luò)與森林中的其他所有樹木相連，并可以管理森林中所有樹木和植物的資源，故選D。14．C15．B16．A17．D【分析】文章介紹了樹和樹之間不是你死我活的競爭關(guān)系，而是相互依賴的，樹木社會是高度復(fù)雜的網(wǎng)絡(luò)社會。“母樹”通過真菌網(wǎng)絡(luò)與森林中的其他所有樹木相連，管理森林中所有樹木和植物的資源?？煲赖哪笜鋾⒆约旱臓I養(yǎng)傳給小樹讓它們更好的成長，人們?nèi)绻肋@些現(xiàn)象，就可以更好的保護這些樹。14．題意：第2段下畫線的句子“theoppositeistrue”可能的意思是樹____________。A.peteforsurvival適者生存；B.protecttheirownwealth保護自己的財富；C.dependoneachother互相依賴；D.providesupportfordyingtrees為垂死的樹木提供支持。根據(jù)下文treessurvivethroughtheirgroupworkandsupport,passingaroundnecessarynutrition(營養(yǎng))suchasnitrogen(氮)andcarbon“dependingonwhoneedsit”.（樹木通過它們的團隊工作和支持生存下來，根據(jù)需要傳遞必要的營養(yǎng)，如氮和碳。）可知樹是互相依賴，這與上文提到了達(dá)爾文的適者生存的理論恰恰相反；故選C。15．題意：“母樹”非常重要，因為它們____________。A.lookthelargestinsizeintheforest在森林中看起來最大；B.passonnutritiontoyoungtrees將營養(yǎng)傳遞給小樹；C.bringmorewealthtohumans為人類帶來更多財富；D.knowmoreaboutthe“treesocieties”更多地了解“樹木社會”。根據(jù)第4段第4句Sheexplainshowthesetreespassonthewealthtothenextgeneration,transportingimportantresourcestoyoungtreessotheymaycontinuetogrow.（她解釋了這些樹如何將財富傳遞給下一代，將重要的資源輸送給幼樹，使它們能夠繼續(xù)生長。）可知答案是B。16．題意：最后一段中下畫線單詞“it”指______________。A.how“treesocieties”work“樹木社會”如何運作；B.howtreesgrowold樹木如何變老；C.howforestryindustrydevelops林業(yè)發(fā)展；D.howyoungtreessurvive幼樹如何生存。It出現(xiàn)在第五段第一句，實際指第4段里的內(nèi)容。根據(jù)上文第4段最后一句Whenhumanscutdown“Mothertrees”withoutpayingattentiontothesehighlyplex“treesocieties”ofthenetworksonwhichtheyfeed,wearereducingthechancestosavethewholeforest.（當(dāng)人類砍倒“母樹”而不注意它們賴以生存的網(wǎng)絡(luò)中高度復(fù)雜的“樹木社會”時，我們正在減少拯救整個森林的機會。）可知此句“Wedidn’ttakeanynoticeofit,”Simardsayssadly.（我們沒有注意到這一點，”西馬爾傷心地說。）中的it指代“樹木社會”如何運作；選A。17．題意：我們可以從這篇文章中了解到_____________。考查推理判斷題。A.treesaren’tasplexaswethink.樹木不像我們想象的那么復(fù)雜；B.CharlesDarwinhadthesameopinionasSimard.查爾斯·達(dá)爾文和西馬爾有同樣的觀點；C.if“Mothertrees”arecutdown,theywon’tmakedifferencetoyoungtrees.如果“母樹”被砍倒，它們對幼樹不會產(chǎn)生影響；D.treescanshareresourceswithotheronesbytheundergroundfunginetworks.樹木可以通過地下真菌網(wǎng)絡(luò)與其他植物共享資源。根據(jù)第4段第3句These“Mothertrees”areconnectedtoalltheothertreesintheforestbythisnetworkoffungi,andmaymanagetheresourcesofthewholetreesandplantsintheforest.（這些“母樹”通過這種真菌網(wǎng)絡(luò)與森林中的其他所有樹木相連，并可以管理森林中所有樹木和植物的資源。）可知D正確，選D。18．A19．D20．C21．C22．B【解析】本文敘述了法國的設(shè)計師MathieuLehanneur在自己的臥室里自制了一個生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，可以在缸子里養(yǎng)植物和魚，植物以魚的糞便為養(yǎng)料。植物為魚兒提供新鮮的氧氣。這種設(shè)置被稱為冰箱水族館。18．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的句子ButFrenchdesigners（設(shè)計師）MathieuLehanneurandAnthonyvandenBosschedidn’tthinkthatwasenough.Theywantedtoaddsomethingnewinpeople’slivingrooms.Sotheycreatedadoityourselfecosystem(生態(tài)系統(tǒng))named“LocalRiver”.可知，這些設(shè)計師來自法國，答案選A。19．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句“Thesystemletsitsownergrowfishandplantsinsidetanks（缸）intheirlivingrooms.”可知這個生態(tài)系統(tǒng)可以讓它的主人種植植物和養(yǎng)魚，故答案選D。20．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段第一句“theplantsontopofthetankfeedonthewasteofthefishbelow.”可知植物以下面的魚的糞便來作為養(yǎng)料，故選C。21．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段第四句“Thesystemisalsocalled“fridgeaquarium（冰箱水族館）”bysomepeoplebecauseownerscanusethefishandplantsasfood．”可知這個系統(tǒng)也被一些人們稱作“冰箱水族館”，因為主人可以把魚和植物作為食物食用，故答案選C。22．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)短文最后一句The“LocalRiver”ecosystemfromParisesinsmallandlargemodels.Itisarelaxingthingtohaveinyourhome.可知，“當(dāng)?shù)睾恿鳌鄙鷳B(tài)系統(tǒng)是家里的放松之所。故答案選B。23．A24．B25．C26．D27．B【解析】本文敘述了法國的設(shè)計師MathieuLehanneur在自己的臥室里自制了一個生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，可以在缸子里養(yǎng)植物和魚，植物以魚的糞便為養(yǎng)料。植物為魚提供新鮮的氧氣。這種設(shè)置被稱為冰箱水族館。2