西醫(yī)治療腫瘤英文講解

演講人：日期：西醫(yī)治療腫瘤英文講解目錄IntroductiontoTumorandWesternMedicineSurgicalTreatmentforTumorsRadiationTherapyforTumorsChemotherapyforTumorsImmunotherapyinCancerTreatmentConclusion:IntegratedApproachtoCancerTreatment01IntroductiontoTumorandWesternMedicineTumorsareabnormalgrowthofcellsthatcanformlumpsormassesMalignanttutorscanspreadtootherpartsofthebodythroughthebloodorlymphaticsystemTumorsareclassifiedbasedonthetypeofcellstheyoriginatefrom,suchascancer,sarcomas,lymphoma,etcTheycanbebenign(noncancerous)ormalignant(cancerous)DefinitionandClassificationofTumorsPrinciplesofWesternMedicineinTreatingTumors01Thegoaloftreatmentistoidentifythetuber,preventitsrecurrence,andminimizesideeffects02Treatmentplansareindividualizedbasedonthetype,stage,andlocationofthetutor,aswellasthepatient'soverallhealth03Multidisciplinaryteamsofspecialtiescollaboratetoprovidecomprehensivecare04OngoingresearchandclinicaltrialsaimtoimprovetreatmentoutcomesandqualityoflifeforpatientsOverviewofCommonTreatmentsChemotherapyAdministrationofbugsthatkillcancercellsorstopthemfromgrowinganddividingRadiationtherapyUseofhighenergyradiationtokillcancercellsandshrinktutorsSurgerySurgicalremovalofthetuberandsurroundingissue,somefollowedbyreconstructionImmunotherapySimulationofthepatient'simmunesystemtorecognizeandattachcancercellsTargetedtherapyUseofbugsthatspecificallytargetcancercellsorpathwaysinvolvedincancergrowth02SurgicalTreatmentforTumorsSurgicaltreatmentisoftenindicatedforsolidtutorsthatarelocalizedandhavenotmetastasizedtodistancesitesItisalsousedtoobserveissuesamplesforbiopsyanddiagnosticsIndicationsSurgicaltreatmentaimstocompletelyremovethetuberandamarginofhealthissuetoreducetheriskofrecurrenceInsomecases,simplenodesintheareamayalsoberemovedContainmentIndicationsandcontainmentforSurgeryOpenSurgeryThisinvolvesmakingalargedecisiontoaccessthetutorItallowsfordirectvisualizationandmanipulationofthetutorandsurroundingissuesMinimallyInvasiveSurgery(MIS)ThisapproachusessmallinquiriesandspecializedinstrumentstoaccessandremovethetutorItisassociatedwithfastrecoverytimesandreducedpostnatalpayRoboticSurveillanceRoboticsystemsareusedtoassistsurgeonsinperformingcomplexprocedureswithprecisionandcontrolTheyallowforgreaterflexibilityandmanpowerinaccessinghardtoreachareasTypesofSurgicalProceduresAvailablePostoperativeCareThisinvolvesmonitoringthepatient'srecovery,managingpainanddiscomfort,andprovidingsupportandeducationonwoncareandactivityrestrictionsComplicationsPreventionMeasuresaretakentopreventcommonopportunisticcomplicationssuchasinfection,blending,andbloodclosuresThismayincludetheuseofantibiotics,antibiotics,andearlymobilizationPostoperativeCareandComplicationsPrevention03RadiationTherapyforTumorsRadiationtherapyuseshighenergyraystokillordamagecancercells,whileminimizingharmtonearbyhealthissuesThegoalistoshrinktubersandrelievesymptomsPrinciplesTherearetwomaintypesofradiationtherapy-externalbeamradiationandinternalradiationtherapy(Brachyterapy)Externalbeamradiationdeliveriesradiationfromamachineoutsidethebody,whileBrachyterapyinvolvesplayingradioactivematerialdirectlyintoornearthetuberTypesPrinciplesandTypesofRadiationTherapyCommonSideEffectsRadiationtherapycancausearangeofsideeffects,includingphenomena,skinreactions,andnaseaThesesideeffectsarecurrentlytemporaryandcanbemanagedwithsupportivecareManagementStrategiesSideeffectscanbemanagedthroughmedicine,lifestylechanges,andsupportivecareprovidedbyahealthcareteamCommunicationwiththehealthcareteamisessentialforeffectivesideeffectmanagementSideEffectsManagementDuringRadiationTreatmentCombinationwithOtherTreatiesRadiationtherapyisoftencombinedwithothertreatments,suchassurgeryorchemotherapy,toenhanceitseffectivenessCombinationtherapiescanimprovesurvivalratesandreducetheriskofrecurrenceCombinationTherapyAmultidisciplinaryteamofhealthcareprofessionals,includingoncologists,surgeons,andradiationtherapy,workstogethertodeterminethebesttreatmentplanforeachpatientThiscollaborativeapproachensuresthatpatientsreceivecomprehensiveandcoordinatedcareImportanceofMultidisciplinaryApproach04ChemotherapyforTumorsInteractionwithCellDivision01Chemotherapeuticdrugstargetrapidlydividingcells,disruptingthenormalprocessofcelldivisionandleadingtotumorcelldeathIntroductionofEnzymeActivity02CertainchemotherapeuticalagentsinvolvedkeyenzymesinvolvedinDNAsynthesisandrepair,furtherimpedingtubergrowthIntroductionofApoptosis03Bytriggeringprogrammedcelldeath(Apoptosis),chemotherapeuticaldrugsidentifydamagedormutatedcells,includingtumorcellsMechanismofActioninChemotherapeuticDrugsIntravenousAdministrationChemotherapeuticdrugsarecommonlyadministeredintravenously,allowingforprecisecontrolofdosagesanddirectdeliverytothebloodstreamOralAdministrationSomechemotherapyagentsareavailableinoralformulas,promotingaconservativeandlessinvasivealternativetoinvasiveadministrationDosageAdjustmentsDosageadjustmentsaremadebasedonfactorssuchasthepatient'sweight,kidneyandlivefunction,andthespecifictypeandstageofthetutorAdministrationRoutesandDosageAdjustmentsNauseaandVomitingAntimedicalexaminationsareoftensubscribedtopreventormitigateNauseaandVomitingassociatedwithchemotherapyFatigueandweaknessFatigueandweaknesscanbemanagedthroughrest,exercise,andnutritionalsupportHairLossHairloss(alopecia)isacommonsideeffectofcervicalchemotherapeuticdrugsPatientsmaychoosetowearwigs,scratches,orhatstocoverupthehairlossManagingSideEffectsDuringChemotherapyBloodCountMonitoringRegularbloodtestsareperformedtomonitorwhitebloodcells,redbloodcells,andplateletcounts,whichcanbeaffectedbychemotherapyTransfusionsorotherinterferencesmaybenecessarytomanagelowbloodcountsManagingSideEffectsDuringChemotherapy05ImmunotherapyinCancerTreatmentUtilizationofthebody'sownimmunesystemImmunotherapytakesadvantagesofthepatient'sownimmunesystemtofitcancercells,eitherbystimulatingittoworkhardorbygivingitadditionalcomponentstoenhanceitseffectivenessTargetedapproachUnlikechemotherapy,whicheffectsbothhealthandcancercells,specificallytargetingcancercells,minimizingsideeffectsonhealthissuesLongtermbenefitsImmunotherapyhasthepotentialtoprovidelongtermbenefitsbypreventingcancerrecurrenceandmetastasisafterinitialtreatmentBasicConceptsofImmunotherapyinCancerThesearelaboratoryproducedmoldsthatcanbindtospecifictargetsoncancercells,markingthemforconstructionbytheimmunesystemMonoclonalantibioticsThesestimulatetheimmunesystemtorecognizeandattachspecificcancercells,muchlikeatraditionalvaccinestimulatestheimmunesystemtofitavirusCancervaccinesTheseinvolvethemanipulationandmultiplicationofapatient'sownimmunecellsoutsidethebody,andthenreintroducingthemtofitthecancerCellulartherapiesThesedrugsblockcancerproteinsthatcanslowdownorstopanimmuneresponse,allowingtheimmunesystemtoattackcancercellsmoreeffectivelyImmunecheckpointinhibitorsTypesofImmunotherapeuticApproachesIndividualvariabilityTheeffectivenessofimmunitycanvarygreatlyfrompersontoperson,dependingonfactorssuchasthetypeofcancer,thestageofthedisease,andthepatient'sownimmunesystemSideeffectsWhilenegligibleisgenerallywellcontrolled,itcancausesideeffectssuchasinflation,autoimmunereactions,and,inrarecases,severeacutereactionsChallengesandFutureDirectionsinImmunotherapy要點三ResistanceSomecancercandevelopresistancetosignificantlyovertime,makingitlesseffective0102CombinationtherapyFutureresearchwillfocusoncombiningimmunotherapywithothertreatments,suchaschemotherapyorradiationtherapy,toimproveoutcomesforpatientsPersonalizedmedicineAsourunderstandingoftheimmunesystemandcancerwindows,sowilltheabilitytotailorimmunetreatmentstoindividualpatientsbasedontheirspecificgeneticsandimmuneprofiles03ChallengesandFutureDirectionsinImmunotherapy06Conclusion:IntegratedApproachtoCancerTreatmentCollaborativeDecisionMakingAmultidisciplinaryteambringstogetherexpertsfromdifferentfieldstocollaborativelydeveloptreatmentplansthatconsidertheuniqueneedsofeachpatientComprehensiveAssessmentThisapproachallowsforacomp